CN112645727A - Method for producing carbon-carbon composite material blank for airplane brake disc - Google Patents
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- CN112645727A CN112645727A CN202011587861.6A CN202011587861A CN112645727A CN 112645727 A CN112645727 A CN 112645727A CN 202011587861 A CN202011587861 A CN 202011587861A CN 112645727 A CN112645727 A CN 112645727A
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- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing a carbon-carbon composite material blank for an airplane brake disc, which comprises the steps of carrying out chemical vapor infiltration on carbon brake disc preforms (4) by using carbon source gas in a CVI furnace (1), stacking the carbon brake disc preforms into cylindrical stock columns during furnace charging, and paving parchment paper between any two adjacent layers of the carbon brake disc preforms; during aeration, the carbon source gas reaches the material column from bottom to top in two paths, wherein one path of the carbon source gas is communicated with the inner surface of the material column, and the other path of the carbon source gas is communicated with the outer surface of the material column. The method provided by the invention is beneficial to improving the content of rough layer pyrolytic carbon in the carbon-carbon composite material blank, thereby improving the quality consistency of products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of airplane brake discs, in particular to a method for producing a carbon-carbon composite material blank for an airplane brake disc.
Background
Currently, most of the large civil airliners in the world use carbon-carbon composite materials to prepare brake discs of airplanes. The general practice for preparing carbon-carbon composites by Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) is: and (2) placing the carbon fiber preform in a CVI furnace, allowing gaseous hydrocarbon to enter the preform in a diffusion and flowing mode, performing pyrolysis reaction at a certain temperature to generate pyrolytic carbon, and depositing the pyrolytic carbon on the surface of the fiber to finally form the carbon-carbon composite material.
The pyrolytic carbon can be divided into three types of a Smooth Layer (SL), a Rough Layer (RL) and an isotropic layer (ISO) according to the structure of the pyrolytic carbon under a polarizing microscope, wherein the density of the pyrolytic carbon of the rough layer is higher than that of the pyrolytic carbon of the smooth layer and that of the pyrolytic carbon of the isotropic layer, the thermal conductivity is better, the friction and wear performance is excellent, and the pyrolytic carbon is suitable for being used as a material of an airplane brake disc.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for producing a carbon-carbon composite material blank for an aircraft brake disc, which is beneficial to improving the content of rough layer pyrolytic carbon in the carbon-carbon composite material blank, thereby improving the consistency of product quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for producing a carbon-carbon composite material blank body for an airplane brake disc comprises the steps of carrying out chemical vapor infiltration on carbon brake disc preforms in a CVI furnace by using carbon source gas, stacking the carbon brake disc preforms into cylindrical material columns during furnace charging, and paving parchment paper between any two adjacent layers of the carbon brake disc preforms; and during aeration, the carbon source gas reaches the material column from bottom to top in two paths, wherein one path of the carbon source gas is communicated with the inner surface of the material column, and the other path of the carbon source gas is communicated with the outer surface of the material column.
Optionally, in the above method, an outer barrier is covered on the periphery of the material column during charging, so that an outer annular passage is formed between the outer barrier and the outer surface of the material column.
Optionally, in the above method, an inner baffle is disposed in the barrel cavity of the material column during charging, so that an inner annular channel is formed between the inner baffle and the inner surface of the material column.
Optionally, in the above method, a gas collecting hood hermetically connected to the outer barrier is disposed above the charge column during charging, and a top gas outlet of the gas collecting hood is butted with an inlet of an off-gas pipeline of the CVI furnace.
Optionally, in the method, a tail gas absorption box with air holes is placed at the top of the material column during charging, and a waste gas adsorption material with a porous structure is contained in the tail gas absorption box.
Optionally, in the above method, the carbon source gas is preheated to 700 ℃ to 1000 ℃ before reaching the column.
Optionally, in the method, the volume percentage of the natural gas in the carbon source gas is 20% to 95%.
Optionally, in the above method, the carbon brake disc preform is made of carbon fiber non-woven cloth and carbon fiber mesh fabric which are alternately layered and then needled, and the density of the carbon brake disc preform is 0.3g/cm3～0.6g/cm3。
According to the technical scheme, in the method for producing the carbon-carbon composite material blank for the aircraft brake disc, the carbon brake disc preforms are stacked with the parchment paper in an oven loading process instead of being separated by the cushion block or the backing plate in the traditional oven loading mode, so that a gas channel is prevented from being formed between the upper layer of carbon brake disc preform and the lower layer of carbon brake disc preform, and the retention time of the carbon source gas is effectively reduced. Because the residence time of the carbon source gas is relatively short and the inner surface and the outer surface of the material column are simultaneously ventilated, the method provided by the invention is beneficial to improving the content of rough layer pyrolytic carbon in the carbon-carbon composite material blank, thereby improving the quality consistency of products.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging mode adopted by a method for producing a carbon-carbon composite blank for an aircraft brake disc provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a carbon source gas;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram of a carbon-carbon composite material blank produced by an embodiment of the present invention under an optical microscope;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram of a carbon-carbon composite material blank produced by the prior art under an optical microscope.
Labeled as:
1. a CVI furnace; 2. a vent hole; 3. an inner baffle; 4. a carbon brake disc preform; 5. an outer barrier; 6. pressing a plate; 7. a sleeve; 8. an exhaust gas adsorbing material; 9. a gas-collecting hood; 10. and (4) an exhaust pipeline.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of facilitating understanding, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for producing a carbon-carbon composite blank of an airplane brake disc, which comprises the step of performing chemical vapor infiltration on a carbon brake disc preform 4 by using a carbon source gas in a CVI furnace 1 as shown in figure 1, and the method can be roughly divided into the following three steps: s1, charging the workpiece; s2, heating the furnace, and introducing carbon source gas; and S3, finishing CVI densification, cooling, and opening the furnace to take out the parts. During charging, the carbon brake disc preforms 4 are stacked into a cylindrical material column, and parchment paper is paved between any two adjacent layers of the carbon brake disc preforms 4; during aeration, the carbon source gas reaches the material column from bottom to top in two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the inner surface of the material column, and the other path is communicated with the outer surface of the material column.
Because the upper and lower layers of carbon brake disc preforms 4 are separated by the parchment paper (the parchment paper can prevent the products from being bonded during discharging) and no gas channel is reserved, the carbon source gas can not be retained for a long time due to excessive diffusion space, and on the other hand, the carbon source gas can ventilate the inner surface and the outer surface of the stock column simultaneously, so that the density difference of the stock column in the radial direction is small. The two aspects are beneficial to improving the content of rough layer pyrolytic carbon in the carbon-carbon composite material blank, and further improving the consistency of product quality.
As shown in fig. 1, in order to make the carbon source gas pass through the outer surface of the material column in a laminar flow mode as much as possible, the outer baffle 5 is covered on the periphery of the material column, so that an outer annular channel is formed between the outer baffle 5 and the outer surface of the material column, and the carbon source gas can enter the outer annular channel from bottom to top through the vent holes 2 on the stacking table. Similarly, in order to make the carbon source gas pass through the inner surface of the material column in a laminar flow mode as much as possible, the inner baffle 3 is arranged in the barrel cavity of the material column, so that an inner annular channel is formed between the inner baffle 3 and the inner surface of the material column. The arrows in fig. 2 show the flow direction of the carbon source gas, and it should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, only the arrows indicating the flow of the gas in the left half are drawn. As can be seen from fig. 2, after passing through the preheating device at the bottom of the CVI furnace 1, the carbon source gas enters the inner annular channel and the outer annular channel through the vent holes 2, and chemical vapor infiltration is performed on the charge column in a manner of simultaneously ventilating the inner surface and the outer surface, so that the carbon-carbon composite material blank has small density difference in the radial direction and high product quality consistency.
After carbon source gas passes through the stock column, the macromolecule PAHs content in the tail gas is if higher then easily forms carbon black at tail gas pipeline 10, tar, deposit such as naphthalene, in order to reduce the macromolecule PAHs content in the tail gas, the tail gas absorption box of taking the bleeder vent has been placed at the stock column top to this embodiment, the exhaust gas adsorption material 8 of porous structure is equipped with in the tail gas absorption box greatly, as shown in fig. 1, the tail gas absorption box includes clamp plate 6 and sleeve 7, the bleeder vent is seted up on sleeve 7, when the tail gas passes through sleeve 7, macromolecule PAHs can be absorbed by exhaust gas adsorption material 8. In particular implementations, the platen 6 and sleeve 7 are typically made of graphite or carbon-carbon composites. In order to obtain materials conveniently, the waste gas adsorbing material 8 can adopt carbon felt and leftover materials of the carbon brake disc prefabricated body 4.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a gas-collecting hood 9 hermetically connected to the outer barrier 5 is disposed above the material column, and an outlet at the top of the gas-collecting hood 9 is butted to an inlet of an exhaust gas pipeline 10, so that exhaust gas can be guided to be rapidly discharged. Carbon brake disc preThe manufactured body 4 can be made by alternately layering carbon fiber non-woven cloth and carbon fiber net tires and then needling, and the density of the carbon brake disc prefabricated body 4 is usually 0.3g/cm3～0.6g/cm3. The carbon source gas generally includes one or more of natural gas, propylene, and propane, and for example, the carbon source gas is a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen, or the carbon source gas is a mixture of natural gas, propane, and nitrogen. The method provided by the invention sets the volume percentage of the natural gas in the carbon source gas at 20-95%, and the preheating device at the bottom of the CVI furnace 1 usually preheats the carbon source gas to 700-1000 ℃ before reaching the charge column.
The effect of the method provided by the present invention is illustrated in the following specific examples:
step one, the density after high-temperature heat treatment is 0.35g/cm3The carbon brake disc prefabricated bodies 4 are arranged in a CVI furnace 1 with the isothermal area of phi 600mm multiplied by 1600mm, the carbon brake disc prefabricated bodies 4 are separated by parchment paper, and the furnace arrangement structure is shown in figure 1.
And step two, starting a vacuum pump (corollary equipment of the CVI furnace 1) to pump to a limit vacuum degree (namely the maximum negative pressure allowed by the CVI furnace 1), closing the vacuum pump and each valve, and testing the pressure rise rate. And if the pressure rise rate is qualified, electrifying, heating to 1150 ℃, introducing carbon source gas, preheating the carbon source gas by a plurality of layers of preheating plates positioned at the bottom of the CVI furnace 1, then introducing the carbon source gas into an inner annular channel and an outer annular channel which are respectively formed by the inner baffle 3 and the outer cylinder 5 and the material column through the air holes 2, and permeating into the pores of the carbon brake disc preform 4 to generate deposition. Macromolecular PAHs in the deposited tail gas are absorbed by a waste gas adsorption material 8 arranged in a sleeve 7, and the residual tail gas is collected by a gas collecting hood 9, enters a tail gas pipeline 10 and is finally pumped out of the furnace. The carbon source gas is formed by mixing natural gas and propane or natural gas and propylene, wherein the content of the natural gas is 50%, the flow of the carbon source gas is regulated, the pressure in the furnace is controlled to be 5kPa, and CVI densification is carried out.
And step three, depositing for 600 hours to obtain a carbon-carbon composite material blank of the airplane brake disc. Stopping electrifying, closing the vacuum pump, closing the carbon source gas inlet valve, introducing nitrogen to the micro positive pressure, closing the nitrogen inlet valve, and opening the furnace to take the piece after the furnace body is naturally cooled to below 300 ℃ and the nitrogen is charged to the micro positive pressure again.
After the carbon-carbon composite material blank is taken out, the metallographic structure of the carbon-carbon composite material blank is observed under an optical microscope, the result is shown in figure 3, the middle small ring is the cross section of the carbon fiber, the pyrolytic carbon grows around the carbon fiber, the obvious cross extinction phenomenon exists under the optical microscope, the extinction angle is larger than 16 degrees, and the typical rough layer pyrolytic carbon is obtained. In the carbon-carbon composite material blank obtained in the third step, the ratio of the rough layer pyrolytic carbon to all pyrolytic carbon contents is 100%. In contrast, the metallographic structure shown in fig. 4 is shown, fig. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram of a carbon-carbon composite material blank produced in the prior art under an optical microscope, a middle small ring is also a cross section of a carbon fiber, a first layer of pyrolytic carbon surrounding the carbon fiber is a smooth layer, and a cross extinction phenomenon is also generated under the optical microscope, but an extinction angle is less than 16 degrees, and then an isotropic layer of pyrolytic carbon is coated outside the carbon-carbon composite material blank, and the cross extinction phenomenon is not generated under the optical microscope. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention can enable the carbon-carbon composite material blank to obtain rough layer pyrolytic carbon with higher content.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for producing a carbon-carbon composite material blank for an aircraft brake disc comprises the steps of carrying out chemical vapor infiltration on a carbon brake disc preform (4) by using a carbon source gas in a CVI furnace (1), wherein the carbon brake disc preform (4) is stacked into a cylindrical material column during furnace charging, and sulfuric acid paper is laid between any two adjacent layers of the carbon brake disc preforms (4); and during aeration, the carbon source gas reaches the material column from bottom to top in two paths, wherein one path of the carbon source gas is communicated with the inner surface of the material column, and the other path of the carbon source gas is communicated with the outer surface of the material column.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the charge is charged with an outer baffle (5) that is covered around the periphery of the pillar so that an outer annular channel is formed between the outer baffle (5) and the outer surface of the pillar.
3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that an inner baffle (3) is arranged in the barrel cavity of the charge column during charging so that an inner annular channel is formed between the inner baffle (3) and the inner surface of the charge column.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that a gas-collecting hood (9) is arranged above the column during charging in sealed connection with the outer barrier (5), the top outlet of the gas-collecting hood (9) being butted against the inlet of the off-gas duct (10) of the CVI furnace (1).
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a tail gas absorption box with air holes is placed at the top of the material column during charging, and a waste gas adsorption material (8) with a porous structure is contained in the tail gas absorption box.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the carbon source gas is preheated to a temperature in the range 700 ℃ to 1000 ℃ before reaching the column.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the carbon source gas comprises 20-95% natural gas by volume.
8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the carbon brake disc preform (4) is made of carbon fiber non-woven cloth and carbon fiber net tires which are alternately layered and then needled, and the density of the carbon brake disc preform (4) is 0.3g/cm3～0.6g/cm3。
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| CN111348931A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-30 | 孚迪斯石油化工（葫芦岛）有限公司 | Gas phase permeation method for annular carbon/carbon composite material |
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Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101215182A (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2008-07-09 | 西安航天复合材料研究所 | Device and method for preparing carbon/carbon composite material with gradient distribution density |
| CN101671189A (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2010-03-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for using domestic carbon fiber to prepare high-performance carbon-based composite material through rapid directional infiltration |
| CN101671191A (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2010-03-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for using full preoxidized fiber preform to prepare high-performance carbon-based composite material |
| US20170268101A1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | Goodrich Corporation | Method and apparatus for decreasing the radial temperature gradient in cvi/cvd furnaces |
| CN106007771A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳大学 | Method for quickly preparing rough laminar pyrolytic carbon |
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