CN112643103B - Machining method and matching machining method for triangular pyramid profile of turbocharger - Google Patents
Machining method and matching machining method for triangular pyramid profile of turbocharger Download PDFInfo
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- CN112643103B CN112643103B CN202011515202.1A CN202011515202A CN112643103B CN 112643103 B CN112643103 B CN 112643103B CN 202011515202 A CN202011515202 A CN 202011515202A CN 112643103 B CN112643103 B CN 112643103B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a machining method and a matching machining method for a triangular pyramid profile of a turbocharger, which can improve the machining precision of the triangular pyramid profile. Processing the triangular pyramid profile on a numerical control milling machine in a three-axis linkage spiral milling mode; the feed mode is as follows: the circular arc feed is changed into the straight line segment feed by a circle cutting method, and the machining precision is adjusted by adjusting the length of the straight line segment. The feed programming method of the numerical control milling machine comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of the triangular pyramid surface by using three-dimensional software; according to the spiral milling path, drawing a spiral curve on the three-dimensional model of the triangular pyramid surface, extracting data point coordinates on the spiral curve according to the set density, forming a straight-line section feed path by adjacent data point coordinates, and then performing subsequent programming treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of turbochargers, in particular to a machining method and a matching machining method for triangular pyramid profiles of a turbocharger.
Background
The rotor structure of the turbocharger mainly comprises a turbine, a turbine shaft and an air compression impeller, wherein the turbine is rigidly connected with the turbine shaft, and the air compression impeller is connected with the turbine shaft in a matched mode. When the gas compressor works, waste gas generated by combustion of the internal combustion engine pushes the turbine to rotate, and the turbine shaft drives the gas compression impeller to rotate. The air compressing impeller compresses air, the air input of the internal combustion engine is increased, and the working efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved.
The connection mode of the triangular conical hole and the shaft is used as a novel connection mode of the turbine shaft and the air compressing impeller, the transmission efficiency is high, the energy loss is small, unnecessary parts are not needed, and the novel connection mode is a novel technical direction of hole and shaft connection. When the triangular pyramid special-shaped hole is connected with the shaft, the requirement on the surface profile degree of the triangular pyramid surface is high in order to achieve the best matching effect.
When the triangular pyramid profile structure is processed, a straight shank ball end milling cutter is selected, and the processing method adopts the step-down circular arc contour processing. During milling, the triangular pyramid surface is layered according to the axial stepping distance, each layer is a plurality of sections of arc tool paths, the arc tool path of the tool mills one layer, the tool moves one layer axially, and then the arc tool path mills one layer.
The method has the following defects:
1. due to the fact that the milling is conducted in a layered mode, each layer has independent axial movement, and the triangular conical surface generates tool marks when the tool moves axially, and the profile degree of the surface is affected.
2. Each layer is processed by a circular arc, and the profile of a processed surface is influenced by the capability of a machine tool for interpolating a circular arc feed. The roundness of the actual circle milled by a machine tool for machining the part by the company at the present stage is only 0.02mm, and the profile of the triangular pyramid surface is required to be 0.01mm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a machining method and a matching machining method for a triangular pyramid profile of a turbocharger, and can improve the machining precision of the triangular pyramid profile.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a triangular pyramid profile processing method of a turbocharger rotor is characterized in that a triangular pyramid profile is processed on a numerical control milling machine in a three-axis linkage spiral milling mode;
the feed mode is as follows:
the circular arc feed is changed into the straight line segment feed by a circle cutting method, and the machining precision is adjusted by adjusting the length of the straight line segment.
Preferably, the feed programming method of the numerical control milling machine comprises the following steps:
establishing a three-dimensional model of the triangular pyramid surface by using three-dimensional software;
according to the spiral milling path, drawing a spiral curve on the three-dimensional model of the triangular pyramid surface, extracting data point coordinates on the spiral curve according to the set density, forming a straight-line section feed path by adjacent data point coordinates, and then performing subsequent programming treatment.
A method for matching and processing an impeller and a main shaft of a turbocharger rotor,
s1, calculating a distance D between an impeller measuring surface and a main shaft measuring surface according to a design matching relation of a supercharger impeller and a main shaft;
s2, designing and manufacturing a sleeve gauge for measuring the triangular conical shaft and a plug gauge for measuring the triangular conical hole according to the design sizes of the impeller and the main shaft, combining the sleeve gauge and the plug gauge, and measuring and recording the height difference B between the measuring surface of the sleeve gauge and the measuring surface of the plug gauge;
s3, processing a triangular pyramid shaft structure on the main shaft;
s4, measuring and recording the distance C from the measuring surface of the main shaft to the measuring surface of the sleeve gauge by using the sleeve gauge on the triangular pyramid shaft structure of the main shaft;
s5, calculating a theoretical distance A from the plug gauge measuring surface to the impeller measuring surface, wherein the calculation formula of A is as follows:
A＝B+D-C；
s6, reserving allowance for machining the triangular taper hole structure on the impeller, detecting by using a plug gauge after machining each time, measuring the distance from the measuring surface of the plug gauge to the measuring surface of the impeller, performing tool compensation according to the difference value of the measuring distance and the theoretical distance A, and continuing machining until the measuring distance is equal to the theoretical distance A.
Preferably, in the step S3, after the trial cut piece is verified, the triangular pyramid shaft structure on the main shaft is ground or milled by a four-shaft device; and in the step S6, machining the triangular conical hole structure on the impeller through a triaxial machining center.
Preferably, in step S2, the combination of the set gauge and the plug gauge is as follows: the small-diameter end of the plug gauge is inserted into the large-hole end of the sleeve gauge until the maximum value is reached, and the interference is avoided.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the processing precision of the triangular pyramid profile is improved;
the problem of three-edged taper hole, axle transmission pair in the course of working can't the on-line measuring result lead to the part assembly relation incorrect is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a triangular pyramid shaft structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a triangular pyramid hole structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tool path in a machining mode;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a tool path for a machining mode of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an impeller and a triangular pyramid hole;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a main shaft and a triangular pyramid shaft;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an impeller and spindle assembly;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a plug gauge structure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a construction of a gauge;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a combination structure of a set gauge and a plug gauge;
fig. 11 is a theoretical distance calculation schematic diagram from a plug gauge measuring surface to an impeller measuring surface.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 4, the invention relates to a method for processing a triangular pyramid profile of a turbocharger rotor, which changes axial oblique line feed and circumferential arc milling in the original mode into a three-axis linkage spiral milling mode through a spiral point position type processing mode. The cutter marks generated when the cutter moves axially on the surfaces of the triangular conical hole and the shaft are avoided. The precision of the numerical control milling machine in the process of moving the straight line section is higher than that of the interpolation circular arc, the circular arc feed is changed into the straight line section feed through a circle cutting method, and the machining precision is adjusted through adjusting the length of the straight line section.
The method comprises the steps of establishing a three-dimensional model of a triangular pyramid surface by using three-dimensional software, drawing a spiral curve on the triangular pyramid surface as required, extracting data point coordinates on the spiral line according to a certain density, carrying out subsequent programming treatment according to an actual processing machine tool, changing arc feed into straight-line section feed through a circle cutting method in a three-axis linkage spiral milling mode, and adjusting the processing precision through adjusting the length of the straight-line section.
The impeller and the triangular conical hole structure are shown in figure 5, the main shaft and the triangular conical shaft structure are shown in figure 6, the assembly relation during component assembly is shown in figure 7, the holes and the shafts are in interference fit during assembly, the interference magnitude of the impeller positioning end face, the shaft positioning end face and the oil thrower disc reaches design when the impeller positioning end face, the shaft positioning end face and the oil thrower disc are attached (the holes and the shafts are matched), the taper in the structure ensures automatic centering, the conical surface attachment ensures the stability during transmission, and the triangle ensures the reliable transmission of torque force. The invention needs to ensure that the parts have correct interference when the end faces are jointed, and needs to ensure that the matching relation of the two parts is correct, namely the size relation, the position relation and the contour jointing of the matched triangular conical holes and shafts are correct. The method comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating a distance D between an impeller measuring surface and a main shaft measuring surface according to a design matching relation of a supercharger impeller and a main shaft;
s2, referring to the figures 8 and 9, designing and manufacturing a sleeve gauge for measuring the triangular conical shaft and a plug gauge for measuring the triangular conical hole according to the design sizes of the impeller and the main shaft, referring to figure 10, and measuring and recording the height difference B between the measuring surface of the sleeve gauge and the measuring surface of the plug gauge after combining the sleeve gauge and the plug gauge; the combination mode of the sleeve gauge and the plug gauge is as follows: the small diameter end of the plug gauge is inserted into the large hole end of the sleeve gauge until the maximum value is reached, and the interference is avoided.
S3, after the trial-cut piece is verified, grinding or milling the triangular pyramid shaft structure on the main shaft through four-shaft equipment;
s4, measuring and recording the distance C from the measuring surface of the main shaft to the measuring surface of the sleeve gauge by using the sleeve gauge on the triangular pyramid shaft structure of the main shaft;
s5, calculating the theoretical distance A from the measuring surface of the plug gauge to the measuring surface of the impeller, referring to FIG. 11, wherein the calculation formula of A is as follows:
A＝B+D-C；
and S6, machining the triangular taper hole structure on the impeller by a triaxial machining center with allowance, detecting by using a plug gauge after each machining, measuring the distance from the measuring surface of the plug gauge to the measuring surface of the impeller, performing tool compensation according to the difference between the measured distance and the theoretical distance A, and continuing machining until the measured distance is equal to the theoretical distance A.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A processing method of a triangular pyramid profile of a turbocharger rotor is characterized in that the triangular pyramid profile is processed in a three-axis linkage spiral milling mode on a numerical control milling machine;
the feed mode is as follows:
changing circular arc feed into straight line section feed by a circle cutting method, and adjusting the machining precision by adjusting the length of the straight line section;
the feed programming method of the numerical control milling machine comprises the following steps:
establishing a three-dimensional model of the triangular pyramid surface by using three-dimensional software;
according to the spiral milling path, drawing a spiral curve on the three-dimensional model of the triangular pyramid surface, extracting data point coordinates on the spiral curve according to a set density, forming a straight-line section feed path by adjacent data point coordinates, and then performing subsequent programming treatment.
2. A method for matching and processing an impeller and a main shaft of a turbocharger rotor is characterized in that,
s1, calculating a distance D between an impeller measuring surface and a main shaft measuring surface according to a design matching relation of a supercharger impeller and a main shaft;
s2, designing and manufacturing a sleeve gauge for measuring the triangular conical shaft and a plug gauge for measuring the triangular conical hole according to the design sizes of the impeller and the main shaft, combining the sleeve gauge and the plug gauge, and measuring and recording the height difference B between the measuring surface of the sleeve gauge and the measuring surface of the plug gauge;
s3, processing the triangular pyramid shaft structure on the main shaft by the method of claim 1;
s4, measuring and recording the distance C from the measuring surface of the main shaft to the measuring surface of the sleeve gauge by using the sleeve gauge on the triangular pyramid shaft structure of the main shaft;
s5, calculating a theoretical distance A from the plug gauge measuring surface to the impeller measuring surface, wherein the calculation formula of A is as follows:
A＝B+D-C；
s6, by the method of claim 1, a triangular-tapered hole structure on the impeller is machined with allowance, a plug gauge is used for detection after each machining, the distance from the measuring surface of the plug gauge to the measuring surface of the impeller is measured, and then the cutter compensation is carried out according to the difference between the measured distance and the theoretical distance A and the machining is continued until the measured distance is equal to the theoretical distance A.
3. The method for matching and machining the impeller and the main shaft of the turbocharger rotor according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S3, after the trial cut piece is verified, grinding or milling the triangular pyramid shaft structure on the main shaft by four-shaft equipment; and in the step S6, a triangular conical hole structure on the impeller is processed through a triaxial processing center.
4. The method for matching and machining the impeller and the main shaft of the turbocharger rotor according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S2, the combination mode of the set gauge and the plug gauge is as follows: the small-diameter end of the plug gauge is inserted into the large-hole end of the sleeve gauge until the maximum value is reached, and the interference is avoided.
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