CN112640708A - 一种确定苹果树山楂叶螨防治时期的方法 - Google Patents

一种确定苹果树山楂叶螨防治时期的方法 Download PDF

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CN112640708A
CN112640708A CN202010919330.6A CN202010919330A CN112640708A CN 112640708 A CN112640708 A CN 112640708A CN 202010919330 A CN202010919330 A CN 202010919330A CN 112640708 A CN112640708 A CN 112640708A
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涂洪涛
陈汉杰
张金勇
黄天祥
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Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract

本发明申请属于苹果树山楂叶螨防治技术领域,具体公开了一种确定苹果树山楂叶螨防治时期的方法,包括抽样调查苹果树叶上山楂叶螨数量并计算叶均螨量,同时调查螨叶率,基于螨叶率与叶均螨量与田间为害水平的关系模型,确定山楂叶螨防治时期。本方案主要应用在苹果树山楂叶螨防治的过程中,解决了现有技术中李大乱、肖振汉、陈汉杰等提出的山楂叶螨防治指标,在实际操作过程中存在调查繁琐、不易掌握、调查时间长的情况,技术人员和果农难以在实际中应用的问题。

Description

一种确定苹果树山楂叶螨防治时期的方法
技术领域
本发明属于苹果树山楂叶螨防治技术领域,具体公开了一种确定苹果树山楂叶螨防治时期的方法。
背景技术
山楂叶螨是我国北方落叶果树的主要害虫之一,俗称红蜘蛛,在我国分布广泛,主要危害梨、苹果、桃、樱桃、山楂、李等多种果树。山楂叶螨以成螨、若螨和幼螨吸食叶片及幼嫩芽的汁液。叶片严重受害后,先是出现很多失绿小斑点,随后扩大连成片,严重时全叶变为焦黄而脱落,严重抑制了果树生长,甚至造成二次开花,影响当年花芽的形成和次年的产量。因此山楂叶螨不仅影响受害当年果实产量,而且严重削弱树势。
山楂叶螨在各地果园中成为最普遍的防治对象,杀螨剂几乎是所有果园使用频次最高的药剂种类之一,喷药次数少则2遍,多则3~4遍,甚至有些果农在每次喷药时都要加入杀螨剂才会放心。
“预防为主、综合防治”的植保方针有着丰富的生态学内涵,“预防为主”主要体现在注重对山楂叶螨生态的调控,提倡采取一些不利于山楂叶螨发生的温湿度小气候调节、提高寄主对螨害耐受性、提高苹果园自然天敌控害能力等预防措施,并能准确预测山楂叶螨的发生趋势,喷洒杀螨剂是山楂叶螨达到防治指标,不喷药就要造成经济损失的最后选择。
李大乱、肖振汉、陈汉杰等均提出了山楂叶螨的具体防治指标,但都是以每叶螨量作为防治指标的具体数据指导生产,实际操作过程中存在调查繁琐、不易掌握、调查时间长等情况,技术人员和果农很难实际应用,生产中应用普及率较低,目前仍然在采用经验用药的方式进行除螨,但果农的经验认识往往不够系统,存在认知缺陷,很多经验不能客观的反映实际情况,从而导致错误的判断,致使管理措施不到位。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种确定苹果树山楂叶螨防治时期的方法,以解决现有技术中李大乱、肖振汉、陈汉杰等提出的山楂叶螨防治指标,在实际操作过程中存在调查繁琐、不易掌握、调查时间长的情况,技术人员和果农难以在实际中应用的问题。
1.为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
一种确定苹果树山楂叶螨防治时期的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、对苹果树的树叶进行随机取样,确定所有树叶上的山楂叶螨总数量,根据树叶的总数量计算叶均螨量;
(2)、对步骤(1)随机取样获得的所有树叶继续进行观察,确定存在山楂叶螨的树叶的总数量,即不用确定每片树叶上具体山楂叶螨的数量,只观察是否有山楂叶螨,然后计算有山楂叶螨生存的树叶比例,即螨叶率;
(3)、基于螨叶率与叶均螨量与田间为害水平的关系模型,确定山楂叶螨防治时期,螨叶率与叶均螨量与田间为害水平的关系模型为:山楂叶螨方程Y(虫梢率%)=26.39ln(x(平均叶螨量))+15.74的关系模型,相关系数r=0.958。
本技术方案的有益效果在于:
(1)本方案中的方法其调查工作量少,易于把握,操作简便,易于在实际中推广应用;
(2)本方案经过田间大量调查及实际验证,具有科学性及实用性,能够基于现状对山楂叶螨的防治做出正确判断,明确药物除螨的阶段,避免盲目用药,形成科学有效的山楂叶螨防治措施。
附图说明
图1是苹果树山楂叶螨平均叶螨量与螨叶率相关性分析;
具体实施方式
具体实施过程如下:
通过田间大量调查,记录所有山楂叶螨数量后计算叶均螨量且同时调查螨叶率,螨叶率即仅调查叶片是否有山楂叶螨,不用调查具体数字,计算有山楂叶螨生存的树叶比例,这样很大程度上减少了调查工作量,基于大量调查结果建立螨叶率与叶均螨量与田间为害水平的关系模型,并通过田间药效试验进行实际验证,确保了山楂叶螨简化型防治指标的科学性和实用性,可以快速简便的确定山楂叶螨防治时期。
通过对螨叶率与叶均螨量进行对数方程拟合,拟合得到山楂叶螨方程Y(虫梢率%)=26.39ln(x(平均叶螨量))+15.74的关系模型,相关系数r=0.958。根据前人研究结果,分别以1头(物候期落花后)和2头叶螨/叶(物候期小麦收割前后)代入方程可得山楂叶螨螨叶率分别为15.74%和34.03%。同时对13种常用杀螨剂防治效果进行了评价和防治指标验证,结果显示阿维菌素、依维菌素、乙螨唑腈、丁氟螨酯表现出良好的速效性和持效性,噻螨酮、螺螨酯、乙螨唑的速效性较差、持效性较好。分别在4月中旬落花后山楂叶螨螨叶率15%以及6月初山楂叶螨螨叶率33%的情况下进行化学防治验证,选择速效性和持效性均较好的药剂,未对苹果树造成显著为害,表现出良好的防治效果,可作为苹果园红蜘蛛的简化型防治指标进行应用,科学简便指导指导果园用药。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。

Claims (1)

1.一种确定苹果树山楂叶螨防治时期的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)、对苹果树的树叶进行随机取样,确定所有树叶上的山楂叶螨总数量,根据树叶的总数量计算叶均螨量;
(2)、对步骤(1)随机取样获得的所有树叶继续进行观察,确定存在山楂叶螨的树叶的总数量,即不用确定每片树叶上具体山楂叶螨的数量,只观察是否有山楂叶螨,然后计算有山楂叶螨生存的树叶比例,即螨叶率;
(3)、基于螨叶率与叶均螨量与田间为害水平的关系模型,确定山楂叶螨防治时期,螨叶率与叶均螨量与田间为害水平的关系模型为:山楂叶螨方程Y(虫梢率%)=26.39ln(x(平均叶螨量))+15.74的关系模型,相关系数r=0.958。
CN202010919330.6A 2020-09-04 2020-09-04 一种确定苹果树山楂叶螨防治时期的方法 Pending CN112640708A (zh)

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Citations (1)

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CN103278460A (zh) * 2013-05-30 2013-09-04 华南农业大学 一种柑橘树红蜘蛛虫害胁迫情况测试分析方法

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103278460A (zh) * 2013-05-30 2013-09-04 华南农业大学 一种柑橘树红蜘蛛虫害胁迫情况测试分析方法

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庞保平等: "玉米田截形叶螨种群动态的研究", 《生态学杂志》 *
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Application publication date: 20210413