CN112637885B - OPNET-based on-demand multicast routing protocol simulation method - Google Patents
OPNET-based on-demand multicast routing protocol simulation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112637885B CN112637885B CN202011517169.6A CN202011517169A CN112637885B CN 112637885 B CN112637885 B CN 112637885B CN 202011517169 A CN202011517169 A CN 202011517169A CN 112637885 B CN112637885 B CN 112637885B
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/06—Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
- H04W40/32—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for defining a routing cluster membership
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses an OPNET-based on-demand multicast routing protocol simulation method, relates to the technical field of multicast routing protocols, and solves the technical problem that ODMRP modeling and simulation are lacked at present, and the method comprises the following steps: ODMRP network modeling, selecting a simulation network area in an OPNET simulation environment, and arranging network nodes; establishing an ODMRP node model, wherein a protocol stack of the ODMRP node model comprises a network layer, a data link layer and a physical layer; ODMRP process modeling is carried out, and a finite state machine of the ODMRP is designed, wherein the finite state machine comprises an initialization state, an idle state, a routing request sending state, a routing reply sending state, a data packet receiving state, a data packet sending state and a simulation ending state; carrying out simulation experiment and collecting end-to-end delay and data packet delivery rate; and analyzing the end-to-end delay and the packet delivery rate to obtain the change relation of the end-to-end delay and the packet delivery rate changing along with the change of the speed and the multicast group size. The invention is beneficial to research, analysis, inspection and application of ODMRP.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multicast routing protocols, in particular to an OPNET-based on-demand multicast routing protocol simulation method.
Background
The on-demand multicast routing protocol ODMRP is a multicast routing protocol for a mobile self-organizing network, establishes grids between a source node and a receiving node for data transmission, has the characteristics of redundant paths, independence on unicast routing, high robustness and the like, belongs to a typical MANET multicast routing protocol, lacks ODMRP modeling and simulation research at present, and is not beneficial to research, analysis, inspection and application of ODMRP.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to provide an on-demand multicast routing protocol simulation method based on OPNET, which is beneficial to research, analysis, verification and application of ODMRP.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an OPNET-based on-demand multicast routing protocol simulation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of ODMRP network modeling, selecting a simulation network area in an OPNET simulation environment, arranging a MOBILITY-CONFIG node, a COMM-RANGE-SET node, a STATIC node and a plurality of mobile nodes in the simulation network area, wherein the STATIC node randomly selects one mobile node as a source node, the rest mobile nodes are non-source nodes, and randomly selects N mobile nodes from the non-source nodes as receiving nodes;
establishing an ODMRP node model, wherein a protocol stack of the ODMRP node model comprises a network layer, a data link layer and a physical layer, the network layer adopts an ODMRP protocol, the data link layer adopts an 802.11DCF protocol, a target address of 802.11 is set as a broadcast address, and the physical layer comprises a wireless transceiver;
the ODMRP process modeling comprises the steps of designing a finite state machine of the ODMRP, wherein the states of the finite state machine comprise an initialization state, an idle state, a routing request sending state, a routing reply sending state, a data packet receiving state, a data packet sending state and a simulation ending state, and the initialization state is used for initializing various state variables and global variables and reading simulation attributes and parameters; the idle state is used for staying in the idle state when the simulation process does not need to do any action; the route request sending state is used for sending route request packets to the receiving node and establishing a route; the sending route reply state is used for sending a route reply packet to the source node and establishing a route; the data packet sending state is used for indicating that the route is successfully established after the source node receives the route response packet from the receiving node, and sending the data packet through the state; the data packet receiving state is used for performing corresponding operations according to different packet types, and comprises the steps of destroying a repeated packet, forwarding a routing request packet, a routing response packet and a data packet, and setting a forwarding group mark FG-FLAG; the simulation ending state is used for stopping simulation and collecting result statistics;
the simulation experiment, set up simulation parameter and node attribute, including the communication radius of each node transceiver, the runtime of each simulation, the packet arrival interval of the source node, carry on the simulation experiment, and collect end-to-end delay and data packet delivery rate in the experiment;
and analyzing the end-to-end delay ETE and the packet delivery rate according to the simulation experiment, wherein the end-to-end delay ETE takes the speed as a parameter, the packet delivery rate takes the speed as a parameter, the end-to-end delay ETE takes the multicast group size as a parameter and the packet delivery rate takes the multicast group size as a parameter, and respectively obtaining the change relation of the end-to-end delay ETE and the packet delivery rate along with the change of the speed and the multicast group size.
As a further improvement, the MOBILITY-configuration node and the COMM-RANGE-SET node are OPNET self-contained node models, the MOBILITY-configuration node is used to specify the moving speed and moving model of the node, and the COMM-RANGE-SET node is used to specify the wireless communication radius.
Further, the idle state and the simulation ending state are non-mandatory states, and the initialization state, the route request sending state, the route reply sending state, the data packet receiving state and the data packet sending state are mandatory states.
Further, when any non-source node receives the route request packet sent by the source node, the non-source node reads the sequence number, the previous hop address and the address of the source node in the received route request packet, if the route request packet is not the route request packet received repeatedly, the previous hop address and the address of the source node are recorded in a routing table of the non-source node, the previous hop address field in the route request packet is updated to be the ID number of the non-source node, and the updated route request packet is broadcasted.
Further, when any non-source node receives a route response packet, the non-source node judges each field of the route response packet, if the route response packet is not a data packet which is repeatedly received, the non-source node is a next hop node, and FG _ FLAG of the non-source node is not set, FG _ FLAG of the non-source node is set, a next hop address of the route response packet is updated to be a next hop address recorded in a routing table of the non-source node, and the route response packet is broadcasted.
Further, when any non-source node receives a data packet sent by the source node, it indicates that the route of ODMRP is already established, and the source node has already started sending the data packet, and if the data packet is not repeatedly received, if FG _ FLAG of the non-source node is 1, it indicates that the non-source node is on the ODMRP routing mesh and should participate in forwarding the data packet; otherwise, it indicates that the non-source node is not a member of the forwarding group, and should not participate in the transmission of the data packet, and destroys the received data packet.
Further, the packet arrival rate is the number of packets actually received by the receiving node/(the number of packets sent by the source node) × the number of receiving nodes), and the end-to-end delay is the average time from the transmission of a packet by the source node to the reception of the packet by the receiving node, where the average time includes the time for establishing the route.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention realizes the modeling and simulation of ODMRP protocol based on OPNET, establishes a network model, a node model and a process model of the protocol, realizes the establishment, the updating and the data transmission process of ODMRP grids by programming, and the simulation experiment proves that the established model function is correct, and the simulation result shows that the protocol is suitable for application occasions requiring temporary networking for multicast communication, such as battlefield communication, disaster relief, sports competition, large-scale exhibition, and the like, thereby being beneficial to the research, the analysis, the inspection and the application of ODMRP, and the simulation model base established based on OPNET can provide the service which is used as soon as possible for researchers in scientific research institutions and technicians in network industry, and the OPNET adopts the C language as a programming language, and can be transformed into a software code of the actual physical equipment only by slightly changing an OPNET simulation program code, thereby providing reference for the research and development of the actual equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a network model of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a node model of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a process model diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of ETE with speed as a parameter in a simulation experiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of packet delivery rate with speed as a parameter in a simulation experiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of ETE with multicast group size as a parameter in a simulation experiment according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of packet delivery rate with multicast group size as parameter in simulation experiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, a method for simulating an on-demand multicast routing protocol based on OPNET includes:
the method comprises the steps of ODMRP network modeling, selecting a simulation network area in an OPNET simulation environment, arranging a MOBILITY-CONFIG node, a COMM-RANGE-SET node, a STATIC node and a plurality of mobile nodes in the simulation network area, wherein the STATIC node randomly selects one mobile node as a source node, the rest mobile nodes are non-source nodes, N mobile nodes are randomly selected from the non-source nodes as receiving nodes, and the node attribute of the N mobile nodes as the STATIC node can be modified; the mobile-configuration node and the COMM-RANGE-SET node are self-contained node models of the OPNET, the mobile-configuration node is used for specifying the moving speed and the moving model of the node, and the COMM-RANGE-SET node is used for specifying the wireless communication radius;
establishing an ODMRP node model, wherein a protocol stack of the ODMRP node model comprises a network layer, a data link layer and a physical layer, wherein the network layer adopts an ODMRP protocol, the data link layer adopts an 802.11DCF protocol, a target address of 802.11 is set as a broadcast address, and the physical layer comprises a wireless transceiver;
the ODMRP process modeling is carried out, a finite state machine of the ODMRP is designed, states of the finite state machine comprise an initialization state, an idle state, a routing request sending state, a routing reply sending state, a data packet receiving state, a data packet sending state and a simulation ending state, and functions of all the states are realized through C language programming, wherein the initialization state is used for initializing various state variables and global variables and reading simulation attributes and parameters; the idle state is used for staying in the state when the simulation process does not need to do any action; the sending route request state is used for sending route request packets to the receiving node and establishing a route, the source node can enter the state, and the non-source node does not enter the state; the route reply sending state is used for sending route response packets to the source node and establishing a route, the receiving node can enter the state, and the non-receiving node does not enter the state; the sending data packet state is used for indicating that the route is successfully established after the source node receives the route response packet from the receiving node, and sending the data packet through the state; receiving a data packet state, performing corresponding operations according to different packet types, including destroying a repeated packet, forwarding a routing request packet, a routing response packet and a data packet, and setting a forwarding group FLAG FG-FLAG; the simulation ending state is used for stopping simulation and collecting result statistics;
the simulation experiment, set up simulation parameter and node attribute, including the communication radius of each node transceiver, the runtime of each simulation, the packet arrival interval of the source node, carry on the simulation experiment, and collect end-to-end delay and data packet delivery rate in the experiment;
and analyzing the end-to-end delay ETE and the packet delivery rate to respectively obtain the change relation of the end-to-end delay ETE and the packet delivery rate which change along with the change of the speed and the multicast group size.
The idle state and the simulation ending state are non-mandatory states, and the initialization state, the routing request sending state, the routing reply sending state, the data packet receiving state and the data packet sending state are mandatory states.
When any non-source node receives a routing request packet sent by a source node, the non-source node reads a serial number, a previous hop address and an address of the source node in the received routing request packet, if the routing request packet is not a routing request packet which is received repeatedly, the previous hop address and the address of the source node are recorded in a routing table of the non-source node, a previous hop address field in the routing request packet is updated to be an ID number of the non-source node, and the updated routing request packet is broadcasted.
When any non-source node receives a route response packet, the non-source node judges each field of the route response packet, if the route response packet is not a data packet which is repeatedly received, the non-source node is a next-hop node, and FG _ FLAG of the non-source node is not set, FG _ FLAG of the non-source node is set, the next-hop address of the route response packet is updated to be the next-hop address recorded in a routing table of the non-source node to a destination node, and the route response packet is broadcasted.
When any non-source node receives a data packet sent by a source node, the routing of ODMRP is established, the source node starts to send the data packet, and if the FG _ FLAG of the non-source node is 1 under the condition that the data packet is not repeatedly received, the non-source node is positioned on an ODMRP routing grid and should participate in forwarding the data packet; otherwise, it indicates that the non-source node is not a member of the forwarding group, and should not participate in the transmission of the data packet, and destroys the received data packet.
The end-to-end delay is the average time from the source node sending a data packet to the receiving node receiving the data packet, and the average time includes the time for establishing a route.
In this embodiment, a 1000 m by 1000 m simulation network area is selected in the OPNET simulation environment, and 50 mobile nodes are arranged in the simulation network area. The communication radius of each node transceiver is set to be 250 meters, the running time of each simulation is 600 seconds, the packet arrival interval of the source node is 1 second, and the size of a data packet is 512 bytes.
The simulation experiment results are shown in fig. 5 to fig. 8, where ETE is within 10ms, and the packet delivery rate is about 90%, and it can be seen from fig. 6 and fig. 8 that the packet delivery rate slightly decreases with the increase of speed or multicast group size, which shows that with the increase of moving speed, the network topology changes more severely and the connectivity is deteriorated, and in addition, with the increase of receiving nodes, the number of forwarding group members in the network also increases, the number of nodes participating in packet forwarding is more and more, and the number of packets to be counted is more and more, so the packet delivery rate decreases.
The invention realizes the modeling and simulation of ODMRP protocol based on OPNET, establishes a network model, a node model and a process model of the protocol, realizes the establishment, the updating and the data transmission process of ODMRP grids by programming, and the simulation experiment proves that the established model function is correct, and the simulation result shows that the protocol is suitable for application occasions requiring temporary networking for multicast communication, such as battlefield communication, disaster relief, sports competition, large-scale exhibition, and the like, thereby being beneficial to the research, the analysis, the inspection and the application of ODMRP, and the simulation model base established based on OPNET can provide the service which is used as soon as possible for researchers in scientific research institutions and technicians in network industry, and the OPNET adopts the C language as a programming language, and can be transformed into a software code of the actual physical equipment only by slightly changing an OPNET simulation program code, thereby providing reference for the research and development of the actual equipment.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent.
Claims (6)
1. An OPNET-based on-demand multicast routing protocol simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of ODMRP network modeling, selecting a simulation network area in an OPNET simulation environment, arranging a MOBILITY-CONFIG node, a COMM-RANGE-SET node, a STATIC node and a plurality of mobile nodes in the simulation network area, wherein the STATIC node randomly selects one mobile node as a source node, the rest mobile nodes are non-source nodes, and randomly selects N mobile nodes from the non-source nodes as receiving nodes; the MOBILITY-CONFIG node and the COMM-RANGE-SET node are OPNET self-contained node models, the MOBILITY-CONFIG node is used for specifying the moving speed and moving model of the node, and the COMM-RANGE-SET node is used for specifying the wireless communication radius;
establishing an ODMRP node model, wherein a protocol stack of the ODMRP node model comprises a network layer, a data link layer and a physical layer, the network layer adopts an ODMRP protocol, the data link layer adopts an 802.11DCF protocol, a target address of 802.11 is set as a broadcast address, and the physical layer comprises a wireless transceiver;
the ODMRP process modeling comprises the steps of designing a finite state machine of the ODMRP, wherein the states of the finite state machine comprise an initialization state, an idle state, a routing request sending state, a routing reply sending state, a data packet receiving state, a data packet sending state and a simulation ending state, and the initialization state is used for initializing various state variables and global variables and reading simulation attributes and parameters; the idle state is used for staying in the idle state when the simulation process does not need to do any action; the route request sending state is used for sending route request packets to the receiving node and establishing a route; the sending route reply state is used for sending a route reply packet to the source node and establishing a route; the data packet sending state is used for indicating that the route is successfully established after the source node receives the route response packet from the receiving node, and sending the data packet through the state; the data packet receiving state is used for performing corresponding operations according to different packet types, and comprises the steps of destroying a repeated packet, forwarding a routing request packet, a routing response packet and a data packet, and setting a forwarding group mark FG-FLAG; the simulation ending state is used for stopping simulation and collecting result statistics;
the simulation experiment, set up simulation parameter and node attribute, including the communication radius of each node transceiver, the runtime of each simulation, the packet arrival interval of the source node, carry on the simulation experiment, and collect end-to-end delay and data packet delivery rate in the experiment;
and analyzing the end-to-end delay ETE and the packet delivery rate according to the simulation experiment, wherein the end-to-end delay ETE takes the speed as a parameter, the packet delivery rate takes the speed as a parameter, the end-to-end delay ETE takes the multicast group size as a parameter and the packet delivery rate takes the multicast group size as a parameter, and respectively obtaining the change relation of the end-to-end delay ETE and the packet delivery rate along with the change of the speed and the multicast group size.
2. The OPNET-based simulation method for on-demand multicast routing protocol according to claim 1, wherein the idle state and the simulation end state are non-mandatory states, and the initialization state, the routing request sending state, the routing reply sending state, the data packet receiving state and the data packet sending state are mandatory states.
3. The OPNET-based simulation method of on-demand multicast routing protocol according to claim 1, wherein when any non-source node receives the routing request packet sent by the source node, the non-source node reads the sequence number, the previous hop address and the address of the source node in the received routing request packet, if the routing request packet is not a repeatedly received routing request packet, records the previous hop address and the address of the source node in its routing table, updates the previous hop address field in the routing request packet to its ID number, and broadcasts the updated routing request packet.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein when any non-source node receives a routing response packet, the non-source node determines each field of the routing response packet, and if the routing response packet is not a repeatedly received packet, the non-source node is a next-hop node, and the FG _ FLAG of the non-source node is not set, sets the FG _ FLAG of the non-source node, updates the next-hop address of the routing response packet to the next-hop address recorded in its routing table to the destination node, and broadcasts the routing response packet.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein when any non-source node receives a data packet sent by the source node, it indicates that the route of ODMRP is already established, the source node has already started sending the data packet, and if the data packet is not received repeatedly, if FG _ FLAG of the non-source node is 1, it indicates that the non-source node is on the ODMRP routing mesh and should participate in forwarding the data packet; otherwise, it indicates that the non-source node is not a member of the forwarding group, and should not participate in the transmission of the data packet, and destroys the received data packet.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the packet delivery rate is the number of packets actually received by the receiving node/(number of packets sent by the source node) × the number of receiving nodes), and the end-to-end delay is the average time from sending a packet from the source node to receiving the packet by the receiving node, and the average time includes the time for establishing the route.
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