CN112637271A - Open experiment teaching platform based on Internet of things - Google Patents
Open experiment teaching platform based on Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- CN112637271A CN112637271A CN202011401865.0A CN202011401865A CN112637271A CN 112637271 A CN112637271 A CN 112637271A CN 202011401865 A CN202011401865 A CN 202011401865A CN 112637271 A CN112637271 A CN 112637271A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an open experiment teaching platform based on the Internet of things, which is characterized by comprising a wired experiment environment, an Internet of things platform, a cloud server and an experiment terminal; the off-line experimental environment consists of physical operating environments of a plurality of experimental object entities deployed at different positions; on one hand, the Internet of things platform uses a standard MQTT protocol to keep communication with an agent control node in an offline experimental environment through a communication gateway, and uses a publish-subscribe mechanism of the MQTT to forward an operation command from an experimental user and collect real-time states of all experimental object entities; the cloud server is composed of an experiment management server, a virtual hardware server and a cloud database server. The platform solves the problems that the existing remote experiment teaching system can not simultaneously give consideration to virtual and real combination, system openness and expandability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Internet of things, and particularly relates to an open experiment teaching platform based on the Internet of things.
Background
The method opens high-quality experimental education resources for the society in a remote online and virtual simulation mode, and is an important direction for informatization of Chinese education. With the gradual landing of new concepts such as 5G, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, Internet of things and the like, the way and approach for people to acquire educational resources are also changed. Under the background, how to utilize the information technology to fully play the basic role of education resources and expand the depth and the breadth of high-quality education resource coverage is an important direction for the informatization of the education in China.
The traditional experiment teaching is generally developed on the basis of entity teaching resources and a closed management system, students and instructors operate the entity experiment resources in the process of the experiment teaching, the links of preparing software and hardware environments, connecting equipment, safety protection, operating experiment steps, analyzing experiment results and the like are included, and experiment tasks are completed in specified time and places. The defects of the mode include that the preparation, organization and maintenance workload of the experimental environment is large, the time and the place of the experiment of the students are limited, the personnel outside the school are difficult to participate in the experiment activity, and the utilization rate of the laboratory resources is low. In addition, with the rise of the MOOC (large scale online open course) teaching mode, many laboratories are beginning to provide remote virtual simulation services to the public based on the internet. However, model-based software simulation sometimes cannot completely replace the role of physical objects in the experiment, such as non-idealities, delay characteristics, etc. of devices. Some colleges and universities have built remote experimental systems based on campus networks and infrastructure in the colleges and universities. The system mainly aims at the experiment teaching requirements of teachers and students at schools, provides on-line reservation and remote control service of experiment resources, and effectively improves the resource utilization rate and service quality of laboratories. Considering factors such as network security, site use and management system in a campus, a remote experiment system based on the campus network is generally long in construction period and high in operation and maintenance cost, and is difficult to open to the whole society. In addition, the existing system is based on a server and client mode, and a remote experiment teaching information system is constructed by adopting self-built service and a private communication interface. The closed system architecture is not beneficial to accessing more types of remote experimental equipment, and the system expandability is insufficient.
Therefore, the existing various remote experiment teaching systems cannot effectively solve the problem of combination of deficiency and excess in the engineering and science professional experiment teaching, and cannot keep enough openness and extensibility in the teaching information processing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an open experiment teaching platform based on the Internet of things, and solves the problems that the existing remote experiment teaching system cannot give consideration to both virtual and real combination and the openness and expandability of the system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the open experiment teaching platform based on the Internet of things is characterized by comprising a wired experiment environment, an Internet of things platform, a cloud server and an experiment terminal;
the off-line experimental environment consists of physical operating environments of a plurality of experimental object entities deployed at different positions, and comprises a plurality of groups of experimental object entities, wherein each experimental object entity is sequentially connected with an agent control node and a communication gateway; the synchronization of the operation and the state between each experimental object entity and the corresponding virtual experimental object is realized by the agent control node connected with the experimental object entity; the agent control node is connected with the communication gateway equipment in a wired or wireless mode and is used for communicating with the Internet of things platform to obtain an operation command issued by an experimental user and reporting state information of an experimental object entity;
on one hand, the Internet of things platform uses a standard MQTT protocol to keep communication with an agent control node in an offline experimental environment through a communication gateway, and uses a publish-subscribe mechanism of the MQTT to forward an operation command from an experimental user and collect the real-time state of each experimental object entity; on the other hand, a standard AMQP protocol is used for providing a publishing and subscribing interface facing a server side for a virtual hardware server in the cloud server, and the publishing and subscribing interface is used for receiving the operation of an experimental user and forwarding the state information reported by the experimental object entity;
the cloud server is composed of an experiment management server, a virtual hardware server and a cloud database server;
the experiment management server provides information services related to experiments for experiment users through data access to the cloud database server, and meanwhile, a service interface provided by the virtual hardware server is called to achieve state acquisition and operation commands of virtual experiment objects and issue the state acquisition and operation commands to the experiment terminal;
on one hand, the virtual hardware server binds the real-time state and the executable operation command of the experimental object entity to a virtual experimental object through a standard HTTP protocol; on the other hand, the virtual hardware server performs data interaction with the offline entity experiment environments distributed in various places in a unified manner by using the communication function of the Internet of things platform, so as to realize the state synchronization between the virtual experiment object and the experiment object entity and the information processing flow related to command issuing;
the cloud database server comprises a relational database and a non-relational database;
the system comprises a relational database, an experiment management server and a data processing system, wherein the relational database is used for storing structured data such as user information, experiment project information, experiment resource information and the like for the experiment management server to read and write data; the non-relational database can realize the high-speed buffering of data interaction between the experiment management server and the virtual hardware server and is beneficial to the decoupling of system functions;
the experiment terminal is divided into two deployment forms, namely a cloud experiment terminal and a local experiment terminal;
the cloud experiment terminal is distributed to users by the experiment management server according to experiment requirements, and supports computing nodes of the cloud experiment terminal for completing experiment tasks; the local experiment terminal is constructed by the experiment user under the software environment required by the experiment which is automatically installed and configured on the local equipment, the user can design the experiment scheme by using the automatically constructed experiment software environment on the local experiment terminal, and the WEB browser is used for accessing the virtual experiment object operation interface in the cloud server to complete the experiment.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the agent control node consists of an Internet of things client module, an experimental object control module and a state information acquisition module;
the system comprises an Internet of things client module, a control module and an experimental object entity, wherein the Internet of things client module realizes a message subscription and release mechanism by a standard Internet of things protocol and is used for receiving an operation command issued by an experimental user on an Internet of things platform and reporting the real-time state of the experimental object entity; meanwhile, the state acquisition module acquires the output state of the experimental object entity in real time and reports the state change information to the Internet of things platform through the Internet of things release interface.
The experiment management server comprises an experiment user management module and an experiment resource management module;
the experimental user management module ensures the legality of the user role currently undergoing the experiment through the registration, login and logout functions of the user, and controls the experimental resources allowed to be accessed by the user through setting the access authority of the user, wherein the experimental resources comprise project requirement books, instruction books, experimental objects, cloud experimental terminals and experimental data related to the experiment;
the experiment resource management module provides needed experiment resources for the current user according to the role and the access authority of the current user, wherein the needed experiment resources comprise a project requirement book, a guide book, an experiment object, a cloud experiment terminal and experiment data related to an experiment.
The experimental user management module comprises a registration, login and logout management module and a user access authority management module of the experimental user;
the registration module of the experimental user: when the system is used for the first time, a user needs to submit identity information and complete a user registration function, wherein the identity information of the user comprises: a user name, a login password, a work unit and a user type;
the login module of the experimental user: the system does not allow anonymous access to experimental resources except for demonstration experiments, can perform experimental operations after users need to use user names and passwords to complete system login operations, and presents accessible experimental resources and descriptions of access modes of the accessible experimental resources according to user authority control for the logged-in users;
the log-off management module of the experimental user comprises the following steps: for users who do not use the system any more, logout operation can be executed to quit the logged-in state; the user who successfully executes the logout operation returns to the non-login state;
the user access authority management module: the user access authority management module sets the authority for accessing each experimental resource according to the registration information of the user, realizes the safe and controlled access of the experimental resources, and simultaneously refuses the access without the authority, thereby protecting the network and data security of the system.
The experiment resource management module comprises an experiment project management module, a virtual hardware resource scheduling module, an experiment document management module, an experiment data access module and a cloud experiment terminal management module;
an experimental project management module: the system is responsible for completing the functions of adding, deleting, inquiring and configuring the experimental items;
a virtual hardware resource scheduling module: the method comprises the steps that the use condition of current off-line entity hardware needs to be monitored, a set of available virtual hardware resources comprising an on-line virtual entity and an off-line entity are distributed to a user after an experimental project requested by the user is on line, and if no available virtual hardware resources exist at present, the user is prompted to wait in a queue or carry out experiments in a time interval;
the experimental document management module: after the user experiment project is online, the experiment document management module provides document service for the user in a unified mode, so that the user can conveniently obtain and download required experiment documents;
the experimental data access module: persistence is carried out by writing in a database, and the data can be inquired and exported according to dimensions of users, experimental projects, time periods, equipment I/O ports and the like; the experimental data access module allocates a safe data access interface for the user according to the configuration of the experimental project, so that the legal user can conveniently inquire and derive experimental result data;
cloud experiment terminal management module: besides managing resources used in the execution process of the experiment project, the cloud experiment terminal is distributed, scheduled and recycled within the scope of experiment resource management and is completed by a cloud experiment terminal management module, the scheduling function of the cloud experiment terminal management module can select the cloud experiment terminal meeting the requirements according to the experiment project, and the available cloud experiment terminal can be distributed for the experiment user in response to the requirement of the experiment user.
In a virtual hardware server, realizing state synchronization between a virtual experimental object and an experimental object entity and an information processing flow related to command issuing, wherein the information processing flow comprises a data binding flow, an output state synchronization flow and an operation command issuing flow;
(1) data binding process
The data binding process aims at displaying the state of an experimental object entity operated by a user on a virtual experimental object operation interface in real time, and simultaneously analyzing, identifying and packaging an operation command sent by the user on the virtual experimental object operation interface to form original data sent by the command;
(2) output state synchronization process
The purpose of executing the state synchronization process is to collect real-time states of all experimental object entities in the offline experimental environment, including but not limited to levels, time sequences and the like of all output I/O ports, and publish the real-time states to corresponding fields or keys in the cloud database server so as to provide subscription content required by the data binding process;
(3) operation command issuing process
The command issuing process aims to issue a command issued by a user on the virtual experimental object operation interface to an offline experimental environment, and the command is received and executed by the agent control node so as to control the experimental object entity to meet an expected input state.
The implementation process of the data binding flow comprises the following steps:
firstly, state modeling, namely establishing an input state model and an output state model of an experimental object in a cloud database server, and establishing a corresponding relation between each state and a table field or key in a cloud database; wherein, the output state represents the current state which needs to be presented to the user in real time; the input state represents an operation command sent by a user to change the current state;
output state subscription, namely subscribing all output state updates of all entity experimental objects in a virtual hardware server by using a subscription mechanism of a cloud database server, wherein when the content of a field or a key corresponding to a certain output state in a database is updated, the virtual hardware server immediately receives a message which comprises an identifier of the entity experimental object with the state update and the updated state;
output state updating, namely screening out corresponding state updating data according to an entity experimental object operated by an experimental user currently in service after a virtual hardware server acquires the output state updating data through subscription, asynchronously pushing page data to be updated to a virtual experimental object operation interface which is accessed by the user through a WebSocket server technology, meanwhile, receiving state updating data pushed by the server through a WEB page of the virtual experimental object operation interface which is accessed by the user by using a WebSocket client technology, refreshing the output state data on the current page in real time by using asynchronous updating technologies such as Ajax and the like, and finishing data binding of the output state;
acquiring and analyzing an input state, packaging the input state update of a virtual experimental object on an operation interface by a Web browser used by an experimental user, including an operation type and a latest state together with identification information of the user and a virtual experimental environment into an HTTP request, sending the HTTP request to a virtual hardware server, and analyzing corresponding input state update data by the virtual hardware server after receiving the request so as to send the HTTP request to a corresponding offline experimental environment for execution;
and fifthly, inputting state release, determining a sending object of the under-line experimental environment by the virtual hardware server according to the source of the input state updating data, and releasing the sending object into a corresponding field or key in the cloud database server to provide content of 'operation command issuing' process subscription so as to complete the data binding process.
The implementation process of the output state synchronization process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, an Internet of things server subscribes, a server subscription interface provided by an Internet of things platform is called, and a virtual hardware server is configured to serve as a server side of the Internet of things platform to obtain output state data of an entity experiment object in an experiment environment under all lines, wherein the output state data is published to the Internet of things platform;
acquiring the output state of the entity experimental object, wherein after the entity experimental object reports the output state data through the equipment publishing interface of the Internet of things, the virtual hardware server can subscribe the state data of the equipment, including equipment identification and the type and value of the output state, and analyzes the corresponding state output data according to the data protocol format between the platform of the Internet of things and the entity experimental object;
and thirdly, updating the output state, packaging the analyzed output state into a corresponding data packet according to the state model, and calling a publishing interface of the cloud database server to publish the output state into a field or a key corresponding to the state so as to provide subscription content required by the data binding process.
The implementation process of the operation command issuing process comprises the following steps:
subscribing Internet of things equipment, wherein an agent control node in an offline experimental environment serves as an equipment end of an Internet of things platform, subscribes a control command which is issued by the Internet of things platform and is related to the equipment through an MQTT protocol, and is used for receiving an operation command from a user and acting the user on an entity experimental object;
inputting state subscription, namely, implementing subscription operation on a key corresponding to an input state by a virtual hardware server by using a subscription/release mechanism of a cloud database server, and immediately receiving a state update message and state update data contained in the state update message by the virtual hardware server once a user issues input state update by using a data binding process;
thirdly, issuing an operation command, wherein the virtual hardware server analyzes input state updating data from the subscription message, updates and packages the input state into a command issuing data packet according to a data protocol format between the Internet of things platform and the entity experimental object, contains the Internet of things equipment issued by the command, the type and the content of the command, and then calls an MQTT protocol issuing interface of the Internet of things platform to issue the operation command to a corresponding offline experimental environment;
and fourthly, the Internet of things equipment acquires the operation command, an object issued by the operation command, namely a certain agent control node can receive subscription information after the operation command is issued by utilizing a subscription mechanism of an Internet of things platform MQTT protocol, and the subscription information is converted into a control signal after being analyzed, so that the agent user can operate the entity experiment object.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional offline teaching and the pure online virtual simulation teaching, the experimental teaching platform can provide a hardware-in-loop simulation experiment process, namely, the simulation of a model of an experimental object and the actual working state of a real object are combined to form a complete control closed loop, and the core of the experimental teaching platform is the abstraction of the function of the real object hardware and the simulation and perception of an input/output interface of the real object hardware.
(2) The experiment teaching platform has the openness facing the whole society, namely the ability of opening public access and developing experiments facing the society, the realization way is to provide a complete and available virtual experiment environment for users, and deploy general resources such as an experiment host, document service, teaching guidance, experiment management service and the like on a public information infrastructure instead of limiting to serve specific objects in a local area network.
(3) The experiment teaching platform has good system expansibility, namely, a new experiment teaching resource can be accessed to the existing platform by using a standard and open communication interface of the Internet of things, so that the experiment content is rapidly expanded, and diversified requirements are met. The key point is that the common information platform and the universal communication protocol are adopted as far as possible to realize the butt joint of the remote experiment teaching and the off-line hardware experiment resources.
(4) The experiment teaching platform of the invention brings the entity hardware equipment into the virtual simulation experiment process, and is a virtual-real combined remote experiment platform. The virtual experiment environment is deployed at the cloud end, so that the cloud-based virtual experiment system is convenient to open to the society. Meanwhile, the off-line entity hardware equipment is interacted with the cloud experimental environment through a standard Internet of things communication interface, the expandability of an experimental object is high, and the teaching platform is open.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of the experimental teaching platform of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a cloud server in the experimental teaching platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of a data binding process implemented in the experimental teaching platform of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of the output state synchronization process implemented in the experimental teaching platform of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating an operation command issuing procedure implemented in the experimental teaching platform according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a functional structure diagram of an agent control node in the experimental teaching platform according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides an open experiment teaching platform based on the Internet of things, which comprises a wired experiment environment, an Internet of things platform, a cloud experiment server and an experiment terminal, as shown in FIGS. 1-6;
one, off-line experimental environment
The off-line experimental environment consists of physical operating environments of a plurality of experimental object entities deployed at different positions, and comprises a plurality of groups of experimental object entities, wherein each experimental object entity is sequentially connected with an agent control node and a communication gateway; such as multiple laboratory rooms at the same campus or different schools. Each offline experimental environment comprises one or more experimental object entities, such as a single-chip microcomputer experimental board, an ARM experimental board or an FPGA experimental board, and the like, wherein the experimental object entities are physical mappings of virtual experimental objects operated by experimental users in a cloud experimental environment, namely, operation instructions sent by the users to the virtual experimental objects are routed to a specific experimental object entity to be executed, and state changes perceived by the experimental users on the virtual experimental objects are all from state changes output after the experimental object entities execute the instructions; each experimental object entity is also connected with an agent control node, and the synchronization of the operation and the state between each experimental object entity and the corresponding virtual experimental object is realized through an agent control node module connected with each experimental object entity; the agent control node is connected with the communication gateway equipment in a wired or wireless mode and is used for communicating with the Internet of things platform to obtain an operation command issued by an experimental user and reporting state information of an experimental object entity;
the internal structure of the agent control node is shown in fig. 6. The system consists of an Internet of things client module, an experimental object control module and a state information acquisition module;
the system comprises an Internet of things client module, a control module and an experimental object entity, wherein the Internet of things client module realizes a message subscription and release mechanism by using a standard Internet of things protocol and is used for receiving an operation command issued by an experimental user on an Internet of things platform and reporting the real-time state of the experimental object entity; meanwhile, the state acquisition module acquires the output state of the experimental object entity in real time and reports the state change information to the Internet of things platform through the Internet of things release interface.
Second, Internet of things platform
The platform of the internet of things is essentially a cross-platform message transfer mechanism, and the command forwarding and state synchronization between a virtual experimental object and an experimental object entity are realized through a standard communication interface. As shown in fig. 3, on one hand, the internet of things platform uses a standard MQTT protocol to keep communication with a proxy control node in an offline experimental environment through a communication gateway, and uses an MQTT publish-subscribe mechanism to forward an operation command from an experimental user and collect real-time states of each experimental object entity; on the other hand, a standard AMQP protocol is used for providing a publishing and subscribing interface facing a server side for a virtual hardware server in the cloud server, and the publishing and subscribing interface is used for receiving the operation of an experimental user and forwarding the state information reported by the experimental object entity;
third, cloud server
The cloud server is a general name of a plurality of information processing and storage infrastructures deployed in a cloud environment and specifically comprises an experiment management server, a virtual hardware server and a cloud database server; the functions of the servers are relatively independent and can be deployed and hosted on different cloud computing infrastructures. Each server provides a standard HTTP access interface, accessible over the internet via a respective IP address or domain name, as shown in figure 2.
The experiment management server is responsible for the management function of the experiment users and the experiment resources, and provides an interface for experiment operation and management through a WEB page so that the experiment users can access the experiment management server through various experiment terminals. The experiment management server provides information services related to an experiment for an experiment user through data access to the cloud database server, and meanwhile, a service interface provided by the virtual hardware server is called to achieve state acquisition of a virtual experiment object and issue an operation command to the experiment terminal;
the experiment management server comprises an experiment user management module and an experiment resource management module;
the experimental user management module ensures the legality of the user role currently undergoing the experiment through the registration, login and logout functions of the user, and controls the experimental resources allowed to be accessed by the user through setting the access authority of the user, wherein the experimental resources comprise project requirement books, instruction books, experimental objects, cloud experimental terminals and experimental data related to the experiment; the experiment resource management module provides needed experiment resources for the current user according to the role and the access authority of the current user, wherein the needed experiment resources comprise a project requirement book, a guide book, an experiment object, a cloud experiment terminal and experiment data related to an experiment.
The experimental user management module comprises a registration, login and logout management module and a user access authority management module of the experimental user;
the registration module of the experimental user: when the system is used for the first time, a user needs to submit identity information and complete a user registration function, wherein the identity information of the user comprises:
-user name: the unique identification for distinguishing different users can use an electronic mailbox, a mobile phone number or other social software account as a user name;
-a login password: the secret code which meets a certain complexity requirement is taken care of by the user;
-a unit of work: a unit name indicating a user work attribute;
-user type: including students at school, teaching workers, researchers, social people, and the like.
The login module of the experimental user: the system does not allow anonymous access to experimental resources, except for performing demonstration experiments. Therefore, after the user needs to use the user name and the password to complete the system login operation, the experiment operation can be performed. And for the logged-in user, the system presents accessible experimental resources and descriptions of the access mode of the experimental resources according to the user authority control.
The log-off management module of the experimental user comprises the following steps: for users who no longer use the system, a log-off operation may be performed to exit the logged-on state. A user that successfully performs a logoff operation will return an un-logged in status.
The user access authority management module: the user access authority management module sets the authority for accessing each experimental resource according to the registration information of the user, realizes the safe and controlled access of the experimental resources, and simultaneously refuses the access without the authority, thereby protecting the network and data security of the system.
The experiment resource management module comprises an experiment project management module, a virtual hardware resource scheduling module, an experiment document management module, an experiment data access module and a cloud experiment terminal management module;
1) the experimental item management module is responsible for completing functions of adding, deleting, inquiring and configuring experimental items; for example, a specific single chip microcomputer experiment is newly added, and the following information needs to be provided:
basic descriptive information including the name of the experiment, the purpose of the experiment, the experimental conditions, etc.;
-required document resources including experimental principle specifications, experimental operating instructions, experimental effect demonstration documents, test data sets, etc.;
-required subject resources including type, model, configuration, number, etc. of virtual subjects of the single-chip microcomputer;
required experimental database resources including database format, capacity, read-write mode, etc.
And the experimental project management module calls related documents, virtual hardware scheduling and experimental database resource management module interfaces according to the information, configures corresponding experimental resources and completes the newly-added process of the experimental project.
Correspondingly, the deleting, inquiring and configuring functions of the experimental items are the deleting, inquiring and modifying processes of the item information.
2) And a virtual hardware resource scheduling module. Because the experimental object operated by the experimental user not only is the virtual software simulation on line, but also participates in the hardware of the entity off line. Therefore, the virtual hardware resource scheduling module needs to monitor the use condition of the current online entity hardware, allocate a set of available virtual hardware resources including online virtual and offline entities to the experimental project requested by the user after the experimental project is online, and prompt the user to wait in a queue or change time periods for carrying out the experiment if no available virtual hardware resources exist currently;
3) and an experimental document management module. Each experimental project comprises a plurality of related experimental documents, such as requirement documents, instruction books, test data and the like. After the user experiment project is online, the experiment document management module can provide document service for the user in a uniform mode, so that the user can conveniently obtain and download required experiment documents;
4) and an experimental data access module. The result data generated in the experiment process is also an experiment resource, can be persisted in a mode of writing in a database, and can be inquired and exported according to dimensions of users, experiment projects, time periods, equipment I/O ports and the like. The experiment data access module allocates a safe data access interface for the user according to the configuration of the experiment project, so that the legal user can conveniently inquire and derive the experiment result data.
5) Besides managing resources used in the execution process of the experiment project, the allocation, scheduling and recovery of the cloud experiment terminal are also completed by a cloud experiment terminal management module within the scope of experiment resource management. Different experimental projects have different requirements on the computing performance, the software environment and the storage space of the experimental terminal, so that the dispatching function of the cloud experimental terminal management module can select the cloud experimental terminal meeting the requirements according to the experimental projects and can respond to the requirements of experimental users to distribute the available cloud experimental terminals for the experimental users. In addition, the corresponding cloud end experiment terminal can be automatically cleaned and recovered after the user finishes the experiment project, so that the cloud end experiment terminal can be reused by other users.
The virtual hardware server is used as a link for connecting the experimental object entity and the virtual experimental object, is the core of the cloud server, and has two main functions. On one hand, the real-time state and the executable operation command of the experiment object entity are bound to a virtual experiment object through a standard HTTP protocol, a user operation interface is provided in the form of a WEB page, and the user operation interface is called by an experiment management server and then presented to an experiment user. On the other hand, the virtual hardware server performs data interaction with the offline entity experiment environments distributed in various places in a unified manner by using the communication function of the Internet of things platform, so as to realize the information processing flows related to state synchronization and command issuing between the virtual experiment object and the experiment object entity, wherein the related information processing flows comprise a data binding flow, an output state synchronization flow and an operation command issuing flow;
(1) data binding process
The data binding process aims to display the state of an experimental object entity operated by a user on a virtual experimental object operation interface in real time, and simultaneously analyze, identify and encapsulate an operation command sent by the user on the virtual experimental object operation interface to form original data sent by the command. The process mainly relates to data interaction among a virtual experimental object operation interface, a virtual hardware server, a cloud database server and an internet of things platform, and as shown in fig. 3, the implementation process comprises the following steps:
firstly, state modeling, namely establishing an input state model and an output state model of an experimental object in a cloud database server, and establishing a corresponding relation between each state and a table field or a key value in a cloud database. Wherein, the output state represents the current state which needs to be presented to the user in real time, such as the power state, the level state of the output type I/O port, the output character of the serial port, etc.; the input state indicates an operation command sent by a user to change the current state, such as power-on/power-off operation, input type IO port level, serial port input characters, and the like.
And subscribing the output states, namely subscribing all output state updates of all experimental object entities in the virtual hardware server by using a subscription mechanism of the cloud database server. When the content of a field or key corresponding to a certain output state in the database is updated, the virtual hardware server immediately receives a message, wherein the message comprises the identification of the experimental object entity with the updated state and the updated state.
And updating the output state. After the virtual hardware server acquires the output state updating data through subscription, screening out corresponding state updating data according to an experimental object entity operated by an experimental user currently in service, and asynchronously pushing page data to be updated to a virtual experimental object operation interface accessed by the user through a WebSocket server side technology. Meanwhile, a WEB page of a virtual experiment object operation interface which is accessed by a user receives state updating data pushed by a server by using a WebSocket client technology, and refreshes output state data on the current page in real time by using asynchronous updating technologies such as Ajax and the like to finish data binding of the output state.
And fourthly, acquiring and analyzing the input state. The Web browser used by the experiment user updates the input state of the virtual experiment object on the operation interface by the user, wherein the input state comprises the operation type (power-on and power-off, input IO port level setting or serial port input and the like), the latest state (power-on, power-off, high level, low level or input characters) and the identification information of the user and the virtual experiment environment, and the latest state, the user and the identification information of the virtual experiment environment are packaged into an HTTP request and sent to the virtual hardware server. And after receiving the request, the virtual hardware server analyzes corresponding input state updating data for sending to the corresponding offline experimental environment for execution.
Inputting state and issuing. The virtual hardware server determines a sending object of the experimental environment under the line according to the source of the input state updating data, and the sending object is issued to a corresponding field or key in the cloud database server to provide content of 'operation command issuing' process subscription, so that the data binding process is completed.
(2) And outputting a state synchronization process.
The purpose of executing the state synchronization process is to collect real-time states of the experimental object entities in the offline experimental environment, including but not limited to the level and timing of each output IO port, and publish the real-time states to corresponding fields or keys in the cloud database server, so as to provide subscription content required by the data binding process. The process mainly relates to an internet of things platform, a virtual hardware server and a cloud database server, and as shown in fig. 4, the implementation process comprises the following steps:
the Internet of things server subscribes. And calling a server subscription interface provided by the Internet of things platform, and configuring a virtual hardware server as a server of the Internet of things platform to acquire output state data of the experimental object entity issued to the Internet of things platform in all experimental environments.
And acquiring the entity output state of the experimental object. After the experimental object entity reports the output state data through the equipment publishing interface of the internet of things, the virtual hardware server can subscribe the state data of the equipment, including the equipment identification and the type and value of the output state. And analyzing corresponding state output data according to a data protocol format between the Internet of things platform and the experimental object entity.
And updating the output state. And packaging the analyzed output state into a corresponding data packet according to the state model, and calling a publishing interface of the cloud database server to publish the output state into a field or a key corresponding to the state so as to provide subscription content required by the data binding process.
(3) And operating a command issuing process.
The command issuing process aims to issue a command issued by a user on the virtual experimental object operation interface to an offline experimental environment, and the command is received and executed by the agent control node so as to control the experimental object entity to meet an expected input state. The process mainly relates to an internet of things platform, a virtual hardware server and a cloud database server, and is shown in fig. 5. The implementation process comprises the following steps:
internet of things equipment subscription. An agent control node in the offline experimental environment serves as a device end of the Internet of things platform, subscribes a control command which is issued by the Internet of things platform and is related to the device through an MQTT protocol, receives an operation command from a user, and operates an experimental object entity by the agent user;
and inputting the state subscription. By utilizing a subscription/release mechanism of the cloud database server, the virtual hardware server implements subscription operation on a key corresponding to an input state, and once a user releases input state update by utilizing a data binding process, the virtual hardware server immediately receives a state update message and state update data contained in the state update message;
and thirdly, issuing an operation command. The virtual hardware server analyzes the input state updating data from the subscription message, packages the input state updating data into a command issuing data packet according to a data protocol format between the Internet of things platform and the experimental object entity, and issues an operation command to a corresponding offline experimental environment by calling an MQTT protocol issuing interface of the Internet of things platform, wherein the command issuing data packet comprises the Internet of things equipment issued by the command and the type and content of the command;
and fourthly, the equipment of the Internet of things acquires the operation command. An object for issuing the operation command, namely a certain agent control node can receive the subscription message after the operation command is issued by utilizing a subscription mechanism of an Internet of things platform MQTT protocol, and the subscription message is converted into a control signal after being analyzed, so that an agent user can implement the operation on the entity of the experimental object.
The cloud database server comprises a series of database systems hosted on a cloud infrastructure, including relational (e.g., MySQL) and non-relational (e.g., Redis) databases. The relational database is used for storing structured data such as user information, experimental project information, experimental resource information and the like, and is used for the experiment management server to read and write data. In addition, the use of a memory type non-relational database such as Redis can realize the high-speed buffering of data interaction between the experiment management server and the virtual hardware server, and is also beneficial to the decoupling of system functions. In addition, the message synchronization between the experiment management server and the virtual hardware server can be realized by using a subscription/publication mechanism of Redis as a message bus.
Typically, in addition to the subject, the user needs to have the assistance of a laboratory terminal containing the necessary tool software (e.g., tools for compiling, synthesizing, simulating, testing, data analysis, etc.) to complete the experiment. The experimental terminal involved in the invention is divided into two deployment forms, namely a cloud experimental terminal and a local experimental terminal. The cloud experiment terminal is a series of computing nodes which are hosted in cloud infrastructure, are distributed to users by the experiment management server according to experiment requirements, and support the users to complete experiment tasks. The cloud experiment terminal can ensure enough calculation performance and provide complete matched experiment software environment, experiment guidance materials and online resources. Authorized experiment users only need to log in the corresponding cloud experiment terminal on the local equipment in an SSH or remote desktop mode, and experiment operation can be directly carried out without concerning preparation, maintenance and cleaning work of an experiment environment. Therefore, the experiment can be finished at any time and any place by a user, and the cost of laboratory construction and operation and maintenance can be effectively reduced. In addition, the experiment user can also install and configure the software environment required by the experiment on the local equipment by himself to construct the local experiment terminal. In this way, a user can design an experiment scheme on a local experiment terminal by using a self-constructed experiment software environment, and access a virtual experiment object operation interface in a cloud server by using a WEB browser to complete an experiment.
Claims (9)
1. The open experiment teaching platform based on the Internet of things is characterized by comprising a wired experiment environment, an Internet of things platform, a cloud server and an experiment terminal;
the off-line experimental environment consists of physical operating environments of a plurality of experimental object entities deployed at different positions, and comprises a plurality of groups of experimental object entities, wherein each experimental object entity is sequentially connected with an agent control node and a communication gateway; the synchronization of the operation and the state between each experimental object entity and the corresponding virtual experimental object is realized by the agent control node connected with the experimental object entity; the agent control node is connected with the communication gateway equipment in a wired or wireless mode and is used for communicating with the Internet of things platform to obtain an operation command issued by an experimental user and reporting state information of an experimental object entity;
on one hand, the Internet of things platform uses a standard MQTT protocol to keep communication with an agent control node in an offline experimental environment through a communication gateway, and uses a publish-subscribe mechanism of the MQTT to forward an operation command from an experimental user and collect real-time states of all experimental object entities; on the other hand, a release and subscription interface facing a server is provided for a virtual hardware server in the cloud server by using a standard AMQP protocol, and is used for receiving the operation of an experimental user and forwarding the state information reported by the experimental object entity;
the cloud server is composed of an experiment management server, a virtual hardware server and a cloud database server;
the experiment management server provides information services related to an experiment for an experiment user through data access to the cloud database server, and meanwhile, a service interface provided by the virtual hardware server is called to achieve state acquisition and operation command issuing of a virtual experiment object to the experiment terminal;
on one hand, the virtual hardware server binds the real-time state of the experimental object entity and the executable operation command to a virtual experimental object through a standard HTTP protocol; on the other hand, the virtual hardware server performs data interaction with the offline entity experiment environments distributed in various places in a unified manner by using the communication function of the Internet of things platform, so as to realize the state synchronization between the virtual experiment object and the experiment object entity and the information processing flow related to command issuing;
the cloud database server comprises a relational database and a non-relational database;
the system comprises a relational database, an experiment management server and a data processing system, wherein the relational database is used for storing structured data such as user information, experiment project information, experiment resource information and the like for the experiment management server to read and write data; the non-relational database can realize the high-speed buffering of data interaction between the experiment management server and the virtual hardware server and is beneficial to the decoupling of system functions;
the experiment terminal is divided into two deployment forms, namely a cloud experiment terminal and a local experiment terminal;
the cloud experiment terminal is distributed to users by the experiment management server according to experiment requirements, and supports computing nodes of the cloud experiment terminal for completing experiment tasks; the local experiment terminal is constructed by the experiment user under the software environment required by the experiment which is automatically installed and configured on the local equipment, the user can design the experiment scheme by using the automatically constructed experiment software environment on the local experiment terminal, and the WEB browser is used for accessing the virtual experiment object operation interface in the cloud server to complete the experiment.
2. The open experiment teaching platform based on the internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agent control node is composed of an internet of things client module, an experimental object control module and a state information acquisition module;
the system comprises an Internet of things client module, a control module and an experimental object entity, wherein the Internet of things client module realizes a message subscription and release mechanism by a standard Internet of things protocol and is used for receiving an operation command issued by an experimental user on an Internet of things platform and reporting the real-time state of the experimental object entity; meanwhile, the state acquisition module acquires the output state of the experimental object entity in real time and reports the state change information to the Internet of things platform through the Internet of things release interface.
3. The open experiment teaching platform based on the internet of things of claim 1, wherein the experiment management server comprises an experiment user management module and an experiment resource management module;
the experimental user management module ensures the legality of the role of the user currently carrying out the experiment through the registration, login and logout functions of the user, and controls the experimental resources which are allowed to be accessed by the user through setting the access authority of the user, wherein the experimental resources comprise project requirement books, instruction books, experimental objects, cloud experimental terminals and experimental data related to the experiment;
the experiment resource management module provides needed experiment resources for the current user according to the role and the access authority of the current user, wherein the needed experiment resources comprise a project requirement book, a guide book, an experiment object, a cloud experiment terminal and experiment data related to an experiment.
4. The open experimental teaching platform based on the internet of things of claim 3, wherein the experimental user management module comprises a registration, login and logout management module and a user access right management module of the experimental user;
the registration module of the experimental user: when the system is used for the first time, a user needs to submit identity information and complete a user registration function, wherein the identity information of the user comprises: a user name, a login password, a work unit and a user type;
the login module of the experimental user: except for demonstration experiments, the system does not allow anonymous access to experimental resources, and can perform experimental operations after users need to use user names and passwords to complete system login operations, and for logged-in users, the system presents accessible experimental resources and descriptions of access modes thereof according to user authority control;
the log-off management module of the experimental user comprises the following steps: for users who do not use the system any more, logout operation can be executed to quit the logged-in state; the user who successfully executes the logout operation returns to the non-login state;
the user access authority management module: the user access authority management module sets the authority for accessing each experimental resource according to the registration information of the user, realizes the safe and controlled access of the experimental resources, and simultaneously refuses the access without the authority, thereby protecting the network and data security of the system.
5. The open experiment teaching platform based on the internet of things of claim 4, wherein the experiment resource management module comprises an experiment project management module, a virtual hardware resource scheduling module, an experiment document management module, an experiment data access module and a cloud experiment terminal management module;
an experimental project management module: the system is responsible for completing the functions of adding, deleting, inquiring and configuring the experimental items;
a virtual hardware resource scheduling module: the method comprises the steps that the use condition of the current off-line entity hardware needs to be monitored, a set of available virtual hardware resources comprising on-line virtual and off-line entities are distributed to a user after an experimental project requested by the user is on line, and if no available virtual hardware resources exist at present, the user is prompted to wait in a queue or carry out experiments in a time interval;
the experimental document management module: after the user experiment project is online, the experiment document management module provides document service for the user in a unified mode, so that the user can conveniently obtain and download required experiment documents;
the experimental data access module: persistence is carried out by writing in a database, and the data can be inquired and exported according to dimensions of users, experimental projects, time periods, equipment I/O ports and the like; the experimental data access module allocates a safe data access interface for a user according to the configuration of experimental projects, so that a legal user can conveniently inquire and derive experimental result data;
cloud experiment terminal management module: besides managing resources used in the execution process of the experiment project, the cloud experiment terminal is distributed, scheduled and recycled within the scope of experiment resource management and is completed by a cloud experiment terminal management module, the scheduling function of the cloud experiment terminal management module can select the cloud experiment terminal meeting requirements according to the experiment project, and the available cloud experiment terminal can be distributed for the experiment user in response to the requirement of the experiment user.
6. The open experiment teaching platform based on the internet of things as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the virtual hardware server, the information processing flows involved in the state synchronization and command issuing between the virtual experiment object and the experiment object entity are realized, and the information processing flows comprise a data binding flow, an output state synchronization flow and an operation command issuing flow;
(1) data binding process
The data binding process aims at displaying the state of an experimental object entity operated by a user on a virtual experimental object operation interface in real time, and analyzing, identifying and packaging an operation command sent by the user on the virtual experimental object operation interface to form original data sent by the command;
(2) output state synchronization process
The purpose of executing the state synchronization process is to collect real-time states of all experimental object entities in the offline experimental environment, including but not limited to levels, time sequences and the like of all output IO ports, and publish the real-time states to corresponding fields or keys in the cloud database server so as to provide subscription content required by the data binding process;
(3) operation command issuing process
The command issuing process aims to issue a command issued by a user on the virtual experimental object operation interface to an offline experimental environment, and the command is received and executed by the agent control node so as to control the experimental object entity to meet an expected input state.
7. The open experimental teaching platform based on the internet of things as claimed in claim 6, wherein the implementation process of the data binding process comprises the following steps:
firstly, state modeling, namely establishing an input state model and an output state model of an experimental object in a cloud database server, and establishing a corresponding relation between each state and a table field or a key value in a cloud database; wherein, the output state represents the current state which needs to be presented to the user in real time; the input state represents an operation command sent by a user to change the current state;
output state subscription, namely subscribing all output state updates of all entity experimental objects in a virtual hardware server by using a subscription mechanism of a cloud database server, wherein when the content of a field or a key corresponding to a certain output state in a database is updated, the virtual hardware server immediately receives a message which comprises an identifier of the entity experimental object with the state update and the updated state;
output state updating, namely screening out corresponding state updating data according to an entity experimental object operated by an experimental user currently in service after a virtual hardware server acquires the output state updating data through subscription, asynchronously pushing page data to be updated to a virtual experimental object operation interface accessed by the user through a WebSocket server technology, receiving the state updating data pushed by the server through a WEB page of the virtual experimental object operation interface accessed by the user by using a WebSocket client technology, refreshing the output state data on the current page in real time by using asynchronous updating technologies such as Ajax and the like, and finishing data binding of the output state;
acquiring and analyzing the input state, packaging the input state update of a virtual experimental object on an operation interface by a Web browser used by an experimental user, including the operation type and the latest state together with identification information of the user and the virtual experimental environment into an HTTP request, sending the HTTP request to a virtual hardware server, and analyzing corresponding input state update data by the virtual hardware server after receiving the request so as to send the HTTP request to a corresponding offline experimental environment for execution;
and fifthly, inputting state release, determining a sending object of the under-line experimental environment by the virtual hardware server according to the source of the input state updating data, and releasing the sending object into a corresponding field or key in the cloud database server to provide content of 'operation command issuing' process subscription so as to complete the data binding process.
8. The open experimental teaching platform based on the internet of things as claimed in claim 7, wherein the implementation process of the output state synchronization process comprises the following steps:
firstly, subscribing an Internet of things server, calling a server subscription interface provided by an Internet of things platform, and configuring a virtual hardware server as a server side of the Internet of things platform to acquire output state data of an entity experiment object issued to the Internet of things platform in an experiment environment under all lines;
acquiring the output state of the entity experimental object, wherein after the entity experimental object reports the output state data through the equipment publishing interface of the Internet of things, the virtual hardware server can subscribe the state data of the equipment, including equipment identification and the type and value of the output state, and analyzes the corresponding state output data according to the data protocol format between the platform of the Internet of things and the entity experimental object;
and thirdly, updating the output state, packaging the analyzed output state into a corresponding data packet according to the state model, and calling a publishing interface of the cloud database server to publish the output state into a field or a key corresponding to the state so as to provide subscription content required by the data binding process.
9. The open experimental teaching platform based on the internet of things as claimed in claim 8, wherein the implementation process of the operation command issuing process comprises the following steps:
subscribing Internet of things equipment, wherein an agent control node in an offline experimental environment serves as an equipment end of an Internet of things platform, subscribes a control command which is issued by the Internet of things platform and is related to the equipment through an MQTT protocol, and is used for receiving an operation command from a user and acting the user on an entity experimental object;
inputting state subscription, namely, implementing subscription operation on a key corresponding to an input state by a virtual hardware server by using a subscription/release mechanism of a cloud database server, and immediately receiving a state update message and state update data contained in the state update message by the virtual hardware server once a user releases input state update by using a data binding process;
thirdly, issuing an operation command, wherein the virtual hardware server analyzes input state updating data from the subscription message, updates and packages the input state into a command issuing data packet according to a data protocol format between the Internet of things platform and the entity experimental object, contains the Internet of things equipment issued by the command, the type and the content of the command, and then calls an MQTT protocol issuing interface of the Internet of things platform to issue the operation command to a corresponding offline experimental environment;
and fourthly, the Internet of things equipment acquires the operation command, and an object issued by the operation command, namely a certain proxy control node can receive a subscription message after the operation command is issued by utilizing a subscription mechanism of an Internet of things platform MQTT protocol, and converts the subscription message into a control signal after the subscription message is analyzed, so that the proxy user can operate the entity experiment object.
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