CN112636561B - Monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler - Google Patents
Monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN112636561B CN112636561B CN202011124664.0A CN202011124664A CN112636561B CN 112636561 B CN112636561 B CN 112636561B CN 202011124664 A CN202011124664 A CN 202011124664A CN 112636561 B CN112636561 B CN 112636561B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
- H02K21/022—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator
- H02K21/025—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator by varying the thickness of the air gap between field and armature
- H02K21/026—Axial air gap machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
- H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
- H02K49/108—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with an axial air gap
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
- H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Superconductive Dynamoelectric Machines (AREA)
- Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of transmission in mechanical engineering, in particular to a novel monopole magnet rotary superconducting coupler. The superconducting permanent magnet motor consists of a driving permanent magnet disc assembly, a driven conductor disc assembly and a low-temperature constant-temperature device, wherein the speed regulating device is installed on the driving permanent magnet disc assembly, the driven conductor disc assembly is arranged in the low-temperature constant-temperature device, and a superconducting coil is installed in a driven frame. The driven conductor disc assembly was placed in a cryostat filled with liquid nitrogen. The permanent magnetic disk can be used as a driving disk to drive the conductor disk to rotate, and vice versa. The speed regulating device adopts a bevel gear speed regulating mechanism, and the air gap flux density is changed along with the change of the air gap thickness, the dead-against area and the arrangement mode of the permanent magnets between the driving disc and the driven disc, so that the speed regulation is realized. In addition, the trend and the magnetic concentration degree of a magnetic line of force can be changed by changing the superconducting state of the coil, and further, the air gap flux density is changed to realize speed regulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transmission in mechanical engineering, in particular to a magnetic coupler for transmitting torque in a non-contact manner, and specifically relates to a monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler. The power transmission device can realize power transmission between a power source and a load end without mechanical contact, and is suitable for occasions needing power transmission between two different environments.
Background
The mechanical coupling is an important component of a mechanical transmission system, is widely applied to multiple fields of mining, metallurgy, aviation, chemical engineering and the like, but the problems of elastic force and moment caused by axial deviation in the installation process and the problems of vibration and noise caused by radial deviation and angular deviation are often caused. The magnetic coupler has the characteristic of non-contact connection, and can effectively solve the problem, so that the mechanical coupler is gradually replaced by the magnetic coupler in some occasions with high-torque vibration. However, the conventional magnetic coupling does not solve the problem of heat generation of the motor, and even fails when the load is started in severe cases.
In patent 201710461913.7, a disc type speed-regulating magnetic coupling based on bevel gear transmission is disclosed. The invention consists of a driving disc assembly and a driven disc assembly, and an adjusting mechanism is arranged on the driving disc assembly. A plurality of permanent magnets in the same magnetizing direction in the driving disc assembly are adhered to the yoke and are fixed, and a plurality of permanent magnets in the other magnetizing direction are adhered to the yoke and can rotate; the conductor disc of the driven disc assembly is composed of an annular conductor and a yoke iron; by adjusting the thickness of the axial air gap and the rotation of the single magnet, the average positive facing area and the air gap distance between the permanent magnet and the conductor ring are changed, and meanwhile, the poles of the permanent magnets N, S are gradually changed in an alternating arrangement mode, so that the air gap flux density is changed to realize the speed regulation process. However, the conductor disc of the present invention is a common solid conductor structure composed of a ring conductor and a yoke, and there is no material performance requirement for the driving disc and the driven disc, so that the performance degradation caused by the influence of high temperature on the materials of the driving disc and the driven disc is not considered, so that the coupler is easy to generate high temperature heating problem in heavy load starting occasions, especially in heavy load fields such as ship propulsion and wind power generation, and the load capacity of the coupler is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rotating superconducting coupler of a single-pole magnet, which consists of a driving permanent magnet disc assembly with the rotatable single-pole magnet, a driven conductor disc assembly with superconducting magnetic isolation property and a low-temperature constant-temperature device, wherein an adjusting mechanism is arranged on the driving permanent magnet disc assembly, the driven conductor disc assembly is arranged in the low-temperature constant-temperature device, and the speed regulation function can be realized by changing the air gap flux density in various modes such as changing the axial distance of the driving and driven discs, the rotating angle of a permanent magnet, the superconducting state of a coil, compound speed regulation and the like.
A rotary superconducting coupler with single-pole magnet is composed of a drive permanent-magnet disk assembly, a driven conductor disk assembly and a low-temp constant device. The driving permanent magnet disc assembly comprises a driving frame, a fixed permanent magnet yoke, a fixed permanent magnet, a rotary permanent magnet yoke, a pinion shaft, a bevel pinion sleeve, a driving shaft, a key, a shifting block and a shifting block pin, wherein the driving frame adopts a spoke type structure, a copper conductor is adopted as a material, the fixed permanent magnet yoke is welded on the left end surface of the driving frame, the fixed permanent magnet is bonded on the surface of the fixed permanent magnet yoke, an axial through hole is reserved between the two adjacent poles for mounting the rotary permanent magnet and the rotary permanent magnet yoke, the areas of the fixed permanent magnet and the rotary permanent magnet are respectively the same as those of the fixed permanent magnet yoke and the rotary permanent magnet yoke, the fixed permanent magnet and the rotary permanent magnet in the driving frame adopt a high-performance permanent magnet material neodymium iron boron (NdFeB), the permanent magnet and the NdFeB are axially uniformly magnetized, the magnetizing directions of the fixed permanent magnet and the rotary permanent magnet are opposite, and the poles are arranged alternatively N, S in the circumferential direction, wherein the rotary permanent magnet can be the N utmost point or the S utmost point, rotary permanent magnet and rotary permanent magnet yoke are wrapped up by the panel beating of aluminium system, the pinion shaft is installed on drive frame through rotary permanent magnet yoke and drive frame footpath division circular through-hole, pinion shaft upper end is fixed and rotary permanent magnet yoke can wind the pinion shaft and rotate in drive frame' S axial through-hole, pinion shaft lower extreme and bevel pinion fixed connection, bevel pinion left side and bevel pinion sleeve mesh, drive frame left side is connected with the drive shaft through the key simultaneously, the cover has bevel pinion sleeve outside the drive shaft, wherein, shifting block round pin with shifting block fixed connection inserts in the chute of bevel pinion sleeve both sides and the recess of drive shaft.
The driven conductor disc assembly comprises a driven frame, a superconducting coil, a copper core, a conductor disc yoke, a key and a driven shaft, wherein the driven frame is of a spoke type structure, the material is a copper conductor, a plurality of fan-shaped through grooves are formed in the driven frame and used for mounting the superconducting coil and the copper core wound by the superconducting coil, the superconducting coil and the copper core wound by the superconducting coil are tightly pressed into the grooves, the depth of each groove is the same as the axial length of the copper core, the superconducting coil is of a Hi type and wound on the surface of the copper core, and the superconducting coil is made of mercury calcium thallium copper oxide (HgTlCaCuO) and has the highest critical superconducting temperature of 139K. In the winding process, the copper core is arranged on a winding table to rotate, and each coil is soaked by two groups of Araldite type resins, so that the coil can bear a low-temperature environment. The driven frame is fixedly connected with the conductor disc yoke through a screw and connected with the driven shaft through a key. According to the electromagnetic induction principle, the driving permanent magnet disc assembly can be used as a driving disc to drive the driven conductor disc assembly to rotate, and vice versa. The low-temperature thermostat device comprises a low-temperature thermostat, a thermostat cover and a thermostat base, a driven conductor disc assembly is arranged in the low-temperature thermostat, the left end of the low-temperature thermostat is fixedly connected with the thermostat cover through screws, the lower end of the low-temperature thermostat is installed on the thermostat base, and the top of the low-temperature thermostat is provided with a low-temperature channel and a high-temperature channel which are respectively connected with a low-temperature liquid helium tank and a liquid helium refrigerator.
The first one is to axially move a driving permanent magnetic disk assembly or a driven conductor disk assembly to change the thickness of an air gap between the driving permanent magnetic disk assembly and the driven conductor disk assembly, so that the magnetic field density is changed to realize speed regulation; the second is that the rotating permanent magnet (N pole or S pole) is rotated for a certain angle, so as to change the effective air gap thickness and the facing area between the permanent magnet disc and the superconductor disc and the arrangement mode of the permanent magnet, the air gap flux density is changed therewith to realize speed regulation, the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke can rotate in the range of 0-90 degrees, when the coupler is at the initial position, namely the rotating angle is 0 degree, the permanent magnet disc and the superconductor disc are completely facing, the air gap thickness is minimum, and the output speed and the torque are maximum; when the rotating angle is 90 degrees, the facing area of the permanent magnet disc and the superconductor disc is the smallest, the air gap thickness is the largest, the magnetic field density is the lowest, and the output speed and the torque are the smallest; the third is the composite speed regulation of simultaneously changing the axial distance between the driving permanent magnet disc assembly and the driven conductor disc assembly and the rotating angle of the rotating permanent magnet in the driving permanent magnet disc assembly; and the fourth is that the trend and the magnetic concentration degree of the magnetic force lines can be changed by changing the superconducting state of the superconducting coil, so that the air gap flux density is changed to realize speed regulation. Through the rotation speed regulation of the monopole permanent magnet, the huge pulling force required by the traditional speed regulation mode for moving the permanent magnet disc or the superconductor disc can be avoided, so that the energy is saved, and the service life of the coupler is prolonged.
The magnetic concentration principle is as follows: a superconducting coil is installed in a driven conductor disc assembly, the driven conductor disc assembly is arranged in a cryostat filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen, when the superconducting coil is cooled to absolute zero and enters a superconducting state, induced current can be generated on the surface to form an electromagnet repelling permanent magnetic field in work, the magnetic field can concentrate a copper core wound by the superconducting coil and a driven frame made of copper through partial magnetic shielding to generate a magnetic gathering effect due to the magnetic shielding property of a superconducting material to generate a repelling effect on a magnetic line of force, and therefore the magnetic field intensity in an air gap is improved. Meanwhile, the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is utilized, the induced current density is greatly improved, so that the output torque is improved, the heat loss generated by the Joule effect is reduced, and the coil is prevented from being melted by overheating.
The driving frame and the driven frame are both in a spoke type structure, the materials are both copper, the expansion coefficient is low, and the driving frame and the driven frame can bear high temperature and low temperature of minus 60 ℃; the fixed permanent magnet yoke iron, the rotating permanent magnet yoke iron and the conductor disc yoke iron are made of manganese-zinc ferrite, so that the magnetic conductivity is high, and the air gap flux density and the output torque can be effectively improved; the thermostat cover and the cryostat are made of epoxy resin G11; the thermostat base, the driving shaft, the driven shaft, the large bevel gear sleeve, the small bevel gear, the small gear shaft, the shifting block pin and the key are all made of galvanized steel.
It should be noted that the top of the cryostat is provided with a low-temperature channel and a high-temperature channel, when the temperature of the liquid helium in the cryostat reaches the critical temperature, the liquid helium is pumped out from the high-temperature channel by a pump and sent to the refrigerator for cooling, and meanwhile, the low-temperature liquid helium is input through the low-temperature channel until the temperature is reduced to absolute zero, thereby ensuring that the coil is always in a superconducting state in work.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
(1) In the invention, the driven conductor disc assembly is arranged in a cryostat filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen, when a superconducting coil is cooled to absolute zero and enters a superconducting state, induced current is generated on the surface to form an electromagnet repelling permanent magnetic field in work, and because the magnetic isolation characteristic of a superconducting material can generate a repelling action on a magnetic line of force, the magnetic field can concentrate a copper core wound by the superconducting coil and a driven frame made of copper, and a magnetic gathering effect is generated by partial magnetic isolation, thereby improving the magnetic field intensity in an air gap. Meanwhile, the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is utilized, the induced current density is greatly improved, so that the output torque is improved, the heat loss generated by the Joule effect is reduced, and the coil is prevented from being melted by overheating.
(2) In the invention, the top of the cryostat is provided with a low-temperature channel and a high-temperature channel, when the temperature of the liquid helium in the cryostat reaches the critical temperature, the liquid helium is pumped out from the high-temperature channel by a pump and sent to a refrigerator for cooling, and meanwhile, the low-temperature liquid helium is input through the low-temperature channel until the temperature is reduced to absolute zero, so that the temperature of the driven conductor disc assembly is effectively reduced, and the superconducting coil can be always in a superconducting state in work.
(3) The invention has four speed regulation modes, and can change the air gap flux density by changing the axial distance of the driving disk and the driven disk, the rotating angle of the permanent magnet, the superconducting state of the coil, the composite speed regulation and other modes, thereby realizing the flexible regulation of the output rotating speed. The rotating speed regulation of the monopole permanent magnet can avoid the huge pulling force required by the traditional speed regulation mode for moving the driving disc or the driven disc, thereby saving energy and prolonging the service life of the coupler.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional exploded view of a drive disc assembly of an embodiment.
Fig. 3(a) is a schematic view of the permanent magnet of the embodiment when the rotation angle is 0 °.
Fig. 3(b) is a schematic view of the permanent magnet of the embodiment when the rotation angle is 90 °.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a bevel gear adjustment mechanism of an embodiment.
Fig. 5(a) is an assembly diagram of the drive frame and the permanent magnet of the embodiment.
Fig. 5(b) is a sectional view of the driving frame of the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the driven disk assembly of the embodiment.
Fig. 7(a) is an assembly view of the driven frame, the superconducting coil and the copper core according to the embodiment.
Fig. 7(b) is a sectional view of the driven frame of the embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the magnetic focusing principle of the superconducting coil according to the embodiment.
Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the cryostat of the example.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a refrigeration principle of the cryostat of the embodiment.
Fig. 11(a) is an exploded view of the large bevel gear sleeve and drive shaft of the embodiment.
Fig. 11(b) is an assembly diagram of the large bevel gear sleeve and the drive shaft of the embodiment.
Fig. 12 is an overall structural analysis diagram of the monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler of the embodiment.
1-driving frame 2-fixed permanent magnet yoke 3-rotating permanent magnet yoke 4-pinion shaft 5-bevel pinion 6-bevel pinion sleeve 7-driving shaft 8-shifting block 9-driven frame 10-superconducting coil 11-copper core 12-conductor disc yoke 13-driven shaft 14-cryostat 15-thermostat base 16-fixed permanent magnet 17-rotating permanent magnet 18-key 19-shifting block pin 20-key 21-thermostat cover.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a rotating superconducting coupler with a single-pole magnet is composed of a driving permanent magnet disc assembly i, a driven conductor disc assembly ii and a low-temperature constant-temperature device, wherein an adjusting mechanism is installed on the driving permanent magnet disc assembly i, and the driven conductor disc assembly ii is arranged in the low-temperature constant-temperature device. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the driving permanent magnet disc assembly i includes a driving frame 1, a fixed permanent magnet yoke 2, a fixed permanent magnet 16, a rotating permanent magnet 17, a rotating permanent magnet yoke 3, a pinion shaft 4, a bevel pinion 5, a bevel pinion sleeve 6, a driving shaft 7, a key 18, a dial 8 and a dial pin 19, the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2 is welded to the left end face of the driving frame 1, the fixed permanent magnet 16 is bonded to the surface of the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2, and an axial through hole is left between two adjacent poles for mounting the rotating permanent magnet 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3, wherein the areas of the fixed permanent magnet 16 and the rotating permanent magnet 17 are the same as those of the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3, the fixed permanent magnet 16 and the rotating permanent magnet 17 in the driving frame 1 are made of high performance permanent magnet material neodymium iron boron (NdFeB), and are uniformly magnetized in the axial direction, the magnetizing directions of the fixed permanent magnet 16 and the rotating permanent magnet 17 are opposite, and are N in the circumferential direction, The S poles are arranged alternately, the rotating permanent magnets can be N poles or S poles, and the rotating permanent magnets 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yokes 3 are wrapped by aluminum metal plates. As shown in fig. 4, the adjusting mechanism is characterized in that the pinion shaft 4 is mounted on the driving frame 1 through a rotary permanent magnet yoke 3 and a circular through hole radially formed in the driving frame 1, the upper end of the pinion shaft 4 is fixed with the rotary permanent magnet yoke 3, the rotary permanent magnet 17 and the rotary permanent magnet yoke 3 can rotate in the axial through hole of the driving frame 1 around the pinion shaft 4, the lower end of the pinion shaft 4 is fixedly connected with the bevel pinion 5, the left side of the bevel pinion 5 is meshed with the bevel pinion sleeve 6, the left side of the driving frame 1 is connected with the driving shaft 7 through a key 18, the bevel pinion sleeve 6 is sleeved outside the driving shaft 7, wherein a shifting block pin 19 fixedly connected with a shifting block 8 is inserted into inclined grooves on two sides of the bevel pinion sleeve 6 and a groove of the driving shaft 7, as shown in fig. 11(a) and (b).
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 6, the driven conductor disc assembly ii includes a driven frame 9, a superconducting coil 10, a copper core 11, a conductor disc yoke 12, a key 20, and a driven shaft 13, wherein the driven frame 9 is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped through slots for mounting the superconducting coil 10 and the copper core 11 wound thereon, and the driven frame 9 is fixedly connected with the conductor disc yoke 12 through a screw and is connected with the driven shaft 13 through the key 20. According to the electromagnetic induction principle, the driving permanent magnet disc assembly can be used as a driving disc to drive the driven conductor disc assembly to rotate, and vice versa.
The first mode is that a permanent magnet disk assembly I or a driven conductor disk assembly II is driven to move axially, and as shown in figure 1, the speed is adjusted by changing the air gap thickness between the permanent magnet disk assembly I and the driven conductor disk assembly II so as to change the magnetic field density; the second is that the rotating permanent magnet (N pole or S pole) is rotated for a certain angle, so that the effective air gap thickness and the facing area between the permanent magnet disc and the superconductor disc and the arrangement mode of the permanent magnet are changed, the air gap flux density is changed accordingly, so that the speed regulation is realized, the rotating permanent magnet 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 can rotate in the range of 0-90 degrees, as shown in fig. 3(a) and (b), when the coupler is at the initial position, namely the rotating angle is 0 degrees, the permanent magnet disc and the superconductor disc are completely facing each other, the air gap thickness is minimum, and the output speed and the torque are maximum; when the rotating angle is 90 degrees, the facing area of the permanent magnet disc and the superconductor disc is the smallest, the air gap thickness is the largest, the magnetic field density is the lowest, and the output speed and the torque are the smallest; the third is composite speed regulation by simultaneously changing the axial distance between the driving permanent magnet disc assembly I and the driven conductor disc assembly II and the rotating angle of the rotating permanent magnet in the driving permanent magnet disc assembly I; fourthly, the trend and the magnetic concentration degree of the magnetic lines of force can be changed by changing the superconducting state of the superconducting coil 10, and further, the air gap flux density is changed to realize speed regulation. Through the rotation speed regulation of the monopole permanent magnet, the huge pulling force required by the traditional speed regulation mode for moving the permanent magnet disc or the superconductor disc can be avoided, so that the energy is saved, and the service life of the coupler is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 5(a) and (b), the driving frame 1 is in a spoke type structure, the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2 is welded on the left end face of the driving frame 1, the fixed permanent magnet 16 is bonded on the surface of the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2, and an axial through hole is reserved between each two poles of the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2 for installing the rotatable rotating permanent magnet 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3. As shown in fig. 7(a) and (b), the driven frame 9 is in a spoke structure, the left side of the driven frame is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped grooves for installing the superconducting coil 10 and the copper core 11 wound by the superconducting coil 10, the superconducting coil 10 and the copper core 11 wound by the superconducting coil are tightly pressed into the grooves, the depth of the grooves is the same as the axial length of the copper core 11, the superconducting coil 10 is in a Hi shape and is wound on the surface of the copper core 11, and the material of the superconducting coil 10 adopts mercury calcium thallium copper oxide (hgtlcaco) and has the highest critical superconducting temperature 139K. In the winding process, the copper core 11 is arranged on a winding table to rotate, and each coil is soaked by two groups of Araldite type resins, so that the coil can bear a low-temperature environment.
In the embodiment, the driving frame 1 and the driven frame 9 are made of copper conductors, have low expansion coefficient and can bear high temperature and low temperature of minus 60 ℃; the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2, the rotary permanent magnet yoke 3 and the conductor disc yoke 12 are made of manganese-zinc ferrite, have high magnetic conductivity and can effectively improve air gap flux density and output torque; the thermostat cover 21 and the cryostat 14 are made of epoxy resin G11; the thermostat base 15, the driving shaft 7, the driven shaft 13, the large bevel gear sleeve 6, the small bevel gear 5, the small gear shaft 4, the shifting block 8, the shifting block pin 19, the key 18 and the key 20 are all made of galvanized steel.
The magnetic concentration principle is as follows: a superconducting coil 10 is installed in a driven conductor disc assembly II, the driven conductor disc assembly II is placed in a cryostat 14 filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen, when the superconducting coil 10 is cooled to absolute zero and enters a superconducting state, induced current is generated on the surface to form an electromagnet repelling permanent magnetic field in work, as shown in figure 8, due to the fact that the magnetic isolation characteristic of superconducting materials can repel magnetic lines of force, the magnetic field can concentrate a copper core 11 wound by the coil 10 and a driven frame 9 made of copper, and a magnetic gathering effect is generated by partial magnetic isolation, and therefore the magnetic field intensity in an air gap is improved. Meanwhile, the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is utilized, the induced current density is greatly improved, so that the output torque is improved, the heat loss generated by the Joule effect is reduced, and the coil is prevented from being melted by overheating.
As shown in fig. 9, the cryostat apparatus includes a cryostat 14, a cryostat cover 21 and a cryostat base 15, a driven conductor disc assembly ii is placed in the cryostat 14, the left end of the cryostat 14 is fixedly connected with the cryostat cover 21 by a screw, the lower end of the cryostat 14 is mounted on the cryostat base 15, and the top is provided with a low temperature passage and a high temperature passage which are respectively connected with a low temperature liquid helium tank and a liquid helium refrigerator.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 10, a low-temperature channel and a high-temperature channel are formed at the top of the cryostat 14, when the temperature of the liquid helium in the cryostat 14 reaches the critical temperature, the liquid helium is pumped out from the high-temperature channel by a pump and sent to the refrigerator for cooling, and meanwhile, the low-temperature liquid helium is input through the low-temperature channel until the temperature is reduced to absolute zero, so as to ensure that the superconducting coil 10 is always in the superconducting state during operation.
The general structural analysis of the monopole rotary superconducting coupler of this embodiment is shown in fig. 12.
Claims (6)
1. A single-pole magnet rotating superconducting coupler, characterized by: the coupler consists of a driving permanent magnet disc assembly, a driven conductor disc assembly and a low-temperature constant-temperature device, wherein the adjusting mechanism is arranged on the driving permanent magnet disc assembly, and the driven conductor disc is arranged in the low-temperature constant-temperature device; the driving permanent magnet disc assembly comprises a driving frame, a fixed permanent magnet yoke, a fixed permanent magnet, a rotary permanent magnet yoke, a pinion shaft, a small bevel gear, a large bevel gear sleeve, a driving shaft, a key, a shifting block and a shifting block pin; the left end face of the driving frame is welded with a fixed permanent magnet yoke, the fixed permanent magnet is bonded on the surface of the fixed permanent magnet yoke, an axial through hole is reserved between two adjacent poles for installing a rotatable rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke, the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke are wrapped by an aluminum metal plate, a pinion shaft is arranged on the driving frame through a circular through hole which is radially opened on the rotating permanent magnet yoke and the driving frame, the upper end of the pinion shaft is fixed with the rotating permanent magnet yoke, the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke rotate in the axial through hole of the driving frame around a pinion shaft, the lower end of the pinion shaft is fixedly connected with a bevel pinion, the left side of the bevel pinion is meshed with a bevel pinion sleeve, meanwhile, the left side of the driving frame is connected with the driving shaft through a key, a large bevel gear sleeve is sleeved outside the driving shaft, wherein, a shifting block pin fixedly connected with the shifting block is inserted into the chutes at two sides of the large bevel gear sleeve and the groove of the driving shaft; the driven conductor disc assembly comprises a driven frame, a superconducting coil, a copper core, a conductor disc yoke, a key and a driven shaft, wherein the driven frame is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped through grooves for mounting the superconducting coil and the copper core wound by the superconducting coil, the superconducting coil and the copper core wound by the superconducting coil are tightly pressed into the grooves, and the driven frame is fixedly connected with the conductor disc yoke through a screw and connected with the driven shaft through the key; the low-temperature thermostat device comprises a low-temperature thermostat, a thermostat cover and a thermostat base, wherein a driven conductor disc assembly is arranged in the low-temperature thermostat, the left end of the low-temperature thermostat is fixedly connected with the thermostat cover through a screw, the lower end of the low-temperature thermostat is installed on the thermostat base, a low-temperature channel and a high-temperature channel are formed in the top of the low-temperature thermostat, the low-temperature channel is connected with a low-temperature liquid helium tank, and the high-temperature channel is connected with a liquid helium refrigerator; the driving permanent magnet disc assembly is used as a driving disc to drive the driven conductor disc assembly to rotate, and vice versa; the superconducting coil is installed in the driven conductor disc assembly, the driven conductor disc assembly is arranged in a cryostat filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen, when the superconducting coil is cooled to absolute zero and enters a superconducting state, induced current is generated on the surface to form an electromagnet repelling permanent magnetic field in work, the magnetic field can concentrate through a copper core wound by the superconducting coil and a driven frame made of copper and generate a magnetism gathering effect through partial magnetism isolation due to the repelling effect of the magnetism isolation characteristic of a superconducting material on magnetic lines, and therefore the magnetic field intensity in an air gap is improved; meanwhile, the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is utilized, the induced current density is greatly improved, so that the output torque is improved, the heat loss generated by the Joule effect is reduced, and the coil is prevented from being melted by overheating.
2. A monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed permanent magnet and the rotary permanent magnet are respectively the same as the fixed permanent magnet yoke iron and the rotary permanent magnet yoke iron in area, the fixed permanent magnet and the rotary permanent magnet in the driving frame are made of high-performance permanent magnet neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) materials, are uniformly magnetized in the axial direction, are opposite in magnetizing direction and are alternately arranged in N, S poles in the circumferential direction, and the rotary permanent magnet is an N pole or an S pole; the depth of the through groove is the same as the axial length of the copper core, the superconducting coil and the copper core wound by the superconducting coil are tightly pressed into the groove, the depth of the groove is the same as the axial length of the copper core, the superconducting coil is Hi-shaped and is wound on the surface of the copper core, the material of the superconducting coil adopts mercury calcium thallium copper oxide (HgTlCaCuO), and the highest critical superconducting temperature is 139K; in the winding process, the copper core is arranged on a winding table to rotate, and each turn of coil is soaked by two groups of Araldite type resins.
3. A monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler according to claim 1, wherein: the coupler has four speed regulating modes, the first mode is that the coupler axially moves to drive a permanent magnetic disk assembly or a driven conductor disk assembly, and the thickness of an air gap between the permanent magnetic disk assembly and the driven conductor disk assembly is changed, so that the density of a magnetic field is changed to realize speed regulation; the second is that the N pole or S pole of the rotating permanent magnet is rotated for a certain angle, so that the effective air gap thickness and the dead area between the permanent magnet disc and the superconductor disc and the arrangement mode of the permanent magnet are changed, and the air gap flux density is changed along with the change of the effective air gap thickness and the dead area, so that the speed regulation is realized; the third is the composite speed regulation of simultaneously changing the axial distance between the driving permanent magnet disc assembly and the driven conductor disc assembly and the rotating angle of the rotating permanent magnet in the driving permanent magnet disc assembly; fourthly, the trend and the magnetic concentration degree of a magnetic line can be changed by changing the superconducting state of the superconducting coil, and further the air gap flux density is changed to realize speed regulation; through the rotating speed regulation of the monopole permanent magnet, the huge pulling force required by the traditional speed regulation mode for moving the permanent magnet disc or the superconductor disc can be avoided, so that the energy is saved, and the service life of the coupler is prolonged.
4. A monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler according to claim 3, wherein: the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke rotate in the range of 0-90 degrees, when the coupler is located at the initial position, namely the rotating angle is 0 degree, the permanent magnet disc and the superconductor disc are completely opposite, the air gap thickness is minimum, and the output speed and the torque are maximum; when the rotation angle is 90 degrees, the right facing area of the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk is the smallest, the air gap thickness is the largest, the magnetic field density is the lowest, and the output speed and the torque are the smallest.
5. A monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler according to claim 1, wherein: the driving frame and the driven frame are both in a spoke type structure, the materials are both copper, the expansion coefficient is low, and the driving frame and the driven frame can bear the low temperature of minus 60 ℃; the fixed permanent magnet yoke iron, the rotary permanent magnet yoke iron and the conductor disc yoke iron are made of manganese-zinc ferrite; the thermostat cover and the cryostat are made of epoxy resin G11; the thermostat base, the driving shaft, the driven shaft, the large bevel gear sleeve, the small bevel gear, the small gear shaft, the shifting block pin and the key are made of galvanized steel.
6. A monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler according to claim 1, wherein: the top of the cryostat is provided with a low-temperature channel and a high-temperature channel, when the temperature of the liquid helium in the cryostat reaches the critical temperature, the liquid helium is pumped out from the high-temperature channel by a pump and sent to a liquid helium refrigerator for cooling, and meanwhile, the low-temperature liquid helium is input through the low-temperature channel until the temperature is reduced to absolute zero, thereby ensuring that the coil is always in a superconducting state in work.
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| CN202011124664.0A CN112636561B (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2020-10-20 | Monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler |
| PCT/CN2021/075235 WO2022083033A1 (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-04 | New type of monopole-magnet rotating superconductive coupler |
| GB2304473.8A GB2613326B (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-04 | Magnet rotating superconductive coupler |
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| JP3104082B2 (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 2000-10-30 | 光洋精工株式会社 | Magnetic coupling |
| US6129477A (en) * | 1997-07-17 | 2000-10-10 | Reliance Electric Technologies, Llc | Composite torque tube for superconducting motor |
| CN104753396A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-01 | 王忠勇 | Disc magnetic motive machine |
| US9972429B2 (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2018-05-15 | Victoria Link Limited | Superconducting current pump |
| CN107370336B (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2019-08-02 | 江苏大学 | A kind of disc type speed regulation magnetic coupling based on Bevel Gear Transmission |
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- 2021-02-04 GB GB2304473.8A patent/GB2613326B/en active Active
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| CN101931309A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2010-12-29 | 林贵生 | Efficient permanent magnet coupling device for transmission shaft |
| CN105958791A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-09-21 | 江苏大学 | Magnet radial movement adjustable-speed magnetic coupler |
| CN110460221A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-11-15 | 江苏大学 | A kind of rotary-type cartridge type Adjustuble speed magnetic mechanical couple of magnet |
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| CN112636561A (en) | 2021-04-09 |
| GB2613326A (en) | 2023-05-31 |
| GB2613326B (en) | 2024-04-10 |
| WO2022083033A1 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
| GB202304473D0 (en) | 2023-05-10 |
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