CN112636473A - 一种应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法。所述应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法包括以下步骤:S1:执行初始化部件:预先将要采集的数据的Modbus地址装载到数据结构中;S2:执行核心逻辑部件:载入所述初始化部件返回的结构信息,调用驱动部件的接口,采集需要的数据,并将结果进行缓存;S3:执行驱动部件:直接和从站通信进行数据采集;S4:执行解析部件:将核心逻辑部件采集到的以字节流形式的缓存的数据转换为结构数据,供主站控制器其他程序识别和使用;S5:执行故障处理部件:对故障信息进行识别、分类、统计并归档,形成报表。本发明提供一种完善而高效的数据采集轮询方法,实现了Modbus协议下,微电网控制器从多台从站设备间采集数据。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微电网技术领域,尤其涉及一种应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法。
背景技术
微电网控制器对多种分布式电能进行智能调度,需要采集各种设备的运行数据进行实时监控,控制器和设备之间采用了多种协议进行通信,其中Modbus协议规约是很常见的一种。Modbus协议是一个master/slave架构的协议,物理层使用串口EIA-485连接,主站和从站之间在某一时刻只能进行一次读或写操作,而每一次通信的数据量是有限制的。作为主站的微电网控制器需要从多个从站请求大量数据,这给数据采集带来了困难。
因此,如何实现主站对多个从站设备中大量数据的采集成为了本领域技术人员亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种完善而高效的数据采集轮询方法,实现了Modbus协议下,微电网控制器从多台从站设备间采集数据。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法包括以下步骤:
S1:执行初始化部件:预先将要采集的数据的Modbus地址装载到数据结构中;
S2:执行核心逻辑部件:载入所述初始化部件返回的结构信息,调用驱动部件的接口,采集需要的数据,并将结果进行缓存;
S3:执行驱动部件:直接和从站通信进行数据采集;
S4:执行解析部件:将核心逻辑部件采集到的以字节流形式的缓存的数据转换为结构数据,供主站控制器其他程序识别和使用;
S5:执行故障处理部件:所述故障处理部件与核心逻辑进行通信,收集数据采集过程中出现的异常和故障信息,对故障信息进行识别、分类、统计并归档,形成报表,以接口的形式提供给客户。
优选的,所述步骤S1中,当数据量较大一次无法采集到所需要的所有微电网监控数据时,将某一个从站的大量数据分为若干组,分若干次进行采集。
优选的,所述步骤S1中,对所采集的数据进行分组时,要在数据结构中将分组与特定类型数据所对应的功能码进行绑定。
优选的,所述步骤S2中所述初始化部件返回的结构信息为欲采集的单台从站数据的Modbus地址信息,包含分组数量、起始地址、读取数量和每组对应的功能码信息。
优选的,所述步骤S2中核心部件对驱动部件的调用逻辑,包含了两层循环,外循环控制遍历各个从站,内循环控制遍历某一从站的分组数据。
优选的,所述驱动部件的输入接口参数,对应所述核心逻辑部件的数据请求,其中包含有从站ID、分组ID、起始地址、寄存器数量和功能码等信息,用于标识当次需要采集的从站数据;所述驱动部件的输出是某次读取到的某从站特定分组的数据和状态数据。
优选的,所述驱动部件输出的状态数据包含了与从站通信的状态,其中读完成信号是所述核心逻辑部件循环变量递增的条件。
优选的,所述初始化部件使用到的结构,根据Modbus地址的所对应的数据的类型,具备相对应的数据结构,结构成员分别和Modbus数据地址一一对应,并且字节对齐,所述解析部件进行解析时只要将字节流数组元素从地址的起始位置拷贝到相应结构内,便可得到解析结果。
优选的,所述解析部件在解析过程中,有些数据可能会存在字节序的问题,可以调用字节序转换模块儿,将网络字节序转换为主机字节序。
与相关技术相比较,本发明提供的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供一种应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,是一种完善而高效的数据采集轮询方法,实现了Modbus协议下,微电网控制器从多台从站设备间采集数据。
附图说明
图1本发明采集方法实用例使用的数据结构示意图;
图2本发明整体部件组成结构示意图;
图3核心逻辑部件数据采集算法流程示意图;
图4驱动部件输入输出接口设计示意图;
图5解析部件解析原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
请结合参阅图1-图5,其中,图1本发明采集方法实用例使用的数据结构示意图;图2本发明整体部件组成结构示意图;图3核心逻辑部件数据采集算法流程示意图;图4驱动部件输入输出接口设计示意图;图5解析部件解析原理示意图。方法大致结构可以分为四个部件:初始化、核心逻辑、驱动、解析和故障处理。
初始化部件在方法开始的时候执行,预先将要采集的数据的Modbus地址装载到数据结构中。
数据量较大,一次无法采集到所需要的所有微电网监控数据,方法中将某一个从站的大量数据分为若干组,分若干次进行采集。
Modbus协议规约,主站和从站通信可能使用到多种功能码,所以在对所采集的数据进行分组时,要在数据结构中将分组与特定类型数据所对应的功能码绑定在一起。
核心逻辑部件载入初始化部件返回的结构信息,调用驱动部件的接口,采集需要的数据,并将结果进行缓存。
初始化部件返回的结构信息就是欲采集的单台从站数据的Modbus地址信息,包含分组数量、起始地址、读取数量和每组对应的功能码信息。
核心部件对驱动部件的调用逻辑,包含了两层循环,外循环控制遍历各个从站,内循环控制遍历某一从站的分组数据。
假设主站控制器需要采集n个从站数据,每个从站数据在初始化部件中分成了m组。分别使用i,j两个变量分别对外循环和内循环进行控制,i,j的初始值都设置为1,则控制遍历各个从站的遍历i的变化范围是1–n,控制遍历某一从站各个分组数据的遍历j的变化范围是1–m。
主站控制器采集第i个从站数据时,j初始值是1,当收到驱动部件读完成信号后,表示i从站的第一分组数据已经采集完成,将采集到的数据以字节流的形式按照分组编号保存到i从站对应的字节流缓冲区的相应位置,然后变量j自增1,开始采集i从站的第二组数据,再次等待驱动部件的读完成信号,并将数据同样以字节流的形式按照分组编号保存到i从站对应的字节流缓冲区的相应位置,和第一组数据组合在一起。重复前面的采集过程,直到采集到i从站的第m分组数据,并将其保存到i从站对应缓存区的相应位置,i从站数据采集完成,最终得到一个字节流缓冲区,包含有所需要的i从站的全部数据。
某一从站数据采集完成后,控制内循环的变量j被复位1,控制外循环的变量i自增1,开始采集(i+1)编号的从站。重复以上过程,直到i自增到n,采集完n从站数据,变量i和j都被复位1,重新开始采集1号从站第1组数据,开启下一个大循环程序。最终我们得到了一个字节流数组,数组有n个元素,包含了从n个从站采集到的全部数据。
驱动部件直接和从站通信进行数据采集。
驱动部件的输入接口参数,对应逻辑部件的数据请求,其中包含有从站ID、分组ID、起始地址、寄存器数量和功能码等信息,用于标识当次需要采集的从站数据;驱动部件的输出是某次读取到的某从站特定分组的数据和状态数据。
驱动部件输出的状态数据包含了与从站通信的状态,其中读完成信号是核心逻辑部件循环变量递增的条件。
解析部件将核心逻辑部件采集到的以字节流形式的缓存的数据转换为结构数据,供主站控制器其他程序识别和使用。
内存复制函数为解析大量数据提供了高效便捷的思路。在设计初始化部件使用到的结构的同时,根据Modbus地址的所对应的数据的类型,设计相对应的数据结构,结构成员分别和Modbus数据地址一一对应,并且保证字节对齐,因此,解析的时候只要将字节流数组元素从地址的起始位置拷贝到相应结构内,便得到了解析结果。
解析的过程中,有些数据可能会存在字节序的问题,可以调用字节序转换模块儿,将网络字节序转换为主机字节序。
故障处理部件与核心逻辑进行通信,收集数据采集过程中出现的异常和故障信息,对故障信息进行识别、分类、统计并归档,形成报表,以接口的形式提供给客户。
与相关技术相比较,本发明提供的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供一种应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,是一种完善而高效的数据采集轮询方法,实现了Modbus协议下,微电网控制器从多台从站设备间采集数据。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:执行初始化部件:预先将要采集的数据的Modbus地址装载到数据结构中;
S2:执行核心逻辑部件:载入所述初始化部件返回的结构信息,调用驱动部件的接口,采集需要的数据,并将结果进行缓存;
S3:执行驱动部件:直接和从站通信进行数据采集;
S4:执行解析部件:将核心逻辑部件采集到的以字节流形式的缓存的数据转换为结构数据,供主站控制器其他程序识别和使用;
S5:执行故障处理部件:所述故障处理部件与核心逻辑进行通信,收集数据采集过程中出现的异常和故障信息,对故障信息进行识别、分类、统计并归档,形成报表,以接口的形式提供给客户。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,当数据量较大一次无法采集到所需要的所有微电网监控数据时,将某一个从站的大量数据分为若干组,分若干次进行采集。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,对所采集的数据进行分组时,要在数据结构中将分组与特定类型数据所对应的功能码进行绑定。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中所述初始化部件返回的结构信息为欲采集的单台从站数据的Modbus地址信息,包含分组数量、起始地址、读取数量和每组对应的功能码信息。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中核心部件对驱动部件的调用逻辑,包含了两层循环,外循环控制遍历各个从站,内循环控制遍历某一从站的分组数据。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,其特征在于,所述驱动部件的输入接口参数,对应所述核心逻辑部件的数据请求,其中包含有从站ID、分组ID、起始地址、寄存器数量和功能码等信息,用于标识当次需要采集的从站数据;所述驱动部件的输出是某次读取到的某从站特定分组的数据和状态数据。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,其特征在于,所述驱动部件输出的状态数据包含了与从站通信的状态,其中读完成信号是所述核心逻辑部件循环变量递增的条件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,其特征在于,所述初始化部件使用到的结构,根据Modbus地址的所对应的数据的类型,具备相对应的数据结构,结构成员分别和Modbus数据地址一一对应,并且字节对齐,所述解析部件进行解析时只要将字节流数组元素从地址的起始位置拷贝到相应结构内,便可得到解析结果。
9.根据权利要求1所述的应用于微电网行业的Modbus数据采集方法,其特征在于,所述解析部件在解析过程中,有些数据可能会存在字节序的问题,可以调用字节序转换模块儿,将网络字节序转换为主机字节序。
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