CN112636390A - Wind power plant double-element equivalent model construction method - Google Patents

Wind power plant double-element equivalent model construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112636390A
CN112636390A CN202011446540.4A CN202011446540A CN112636390A CN 112636390 A CN112636390 A CN 112636390A CN 202011446540 A CN202011446540 A CN 202011446540A CN 112636390 A CN112636390 A CN 112636390A
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equivalent
wind turbine
wind
turbine generator
power plant
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Inventor
尤超
雷雪婷
刘延龙
关万琳
荣爽
陈晓光
徐明宇
郝文波
于浩
赵翔宇
崔佳鹏
穆兴华
张明江
谷博文
刘志鹏
胡远婷
刘进
曹融
张睿
张美伦
郑君
刘智洋
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State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co Ltd Electric Power Research Institute
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co Ltd Electric Power Research Institute
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Abstract

A wind power plant double-element equivalent model construction method belongs to the technical field of wind power plant equivalent model construction. The method solves the problems of large error and poor accuracy of the existing equivalent construction method of the wind power plant due to large environment complexity. According to the method, equivalent splitting is carried out on each wind turbine generator according to the actual power of N wind turbine generators in a wind power plant, so that the power of each split wind turbine generator is the same, and the N equivalent wind turbine generators are obtained; carrying out aggregation simplification on the mathematical models of the N equivalent wind turbines to obtain model parameters of an equivalent wind turbine A1; establishing a model of an equivalent wind turbine A2 to be connected in parallel with an equivalent wind turbine A1, and obtaining parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A2 according to the input impedance invariance and the energy conservation law; and finishing the construction of the wind power plant double-element equivalent model. The method is suitable for building and using the equivalent model of the wind power plant.

Description

Wind power plant double-element equivalent model construction method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power plant equivalent model construction.
Background
With the increase of the demand of developing new energy, the installed scale of wind power generation is larger and larger, and the influence on a power system cannot be ignored. In order that the power system can correctly evaluate the influence of the access of a large-scale wind power plant on the stability of a power grid, the efficiency of the power system in the calculation and analysis process is improved, a simple and effective wind power plant equivalence method is researched, an accurate and reliable equivalent wind turbine generator model is established, and the method has very important practical significance for the research of the power system and the wind power generation technology.
Wind power plant equivalent modeling methods are available at home and abroad, wherein the traditional capacity weighting method is most widely applied due to simple calculation, but the traditional capacity weighting method has larger error under the complex wind power environment of the wind power plant due to no consideration of the actual power generation state factor, part of methods are limited due to the complex application of the calculation method, and the equivalent methods which consider the actual power factor of the wind power plant are rarely available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of large error and poor accuracy of the existing equivalent construction method of a wind power plant due to large environment complexity, and provides a double-element equivalent model construction method of the wind power plant. The invention relates to a method for constructing a double-element equivalent model of a wind power plant, which comprises the following specific steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, equivalent splitting is carried out on each wind turbine generator according to the actual power of N wind turbine generators in a wind power plant, so that the power of each split wind turbine generator is the same, and the N equivalent wind turbine generators are obtained; wherein N is more than N and more than 0;
step two, carrying out aggregation simplification on the mathematical models of the N equivalent wind turbines to obtain model parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A1;
thirdly, according to the input impedance keeping unchanged and the energy conservation law, connecting the equivalent wind turbine A1 and the equivalent wind turbine A2 in parallel, and obtaining parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A2 by using the parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A1; and finishing the construction of the wind power plant double-element equivalent model.
Further, in the first step, the method for performing equivalent splitting on each wind turbine generator set comprises:
carrying out equivalent splitting on the ith wind turbine generator set to obtain NiThe specific method of the platform equivalent wind turbine generator set comprises the following steps:
step one, setting the input wind power of the ith wind turbine generator in n wind turbine generator groups in a wind power plant as PiAnd carrying out equivalent splitting on the ith wind turbine generator set to obtain:
Pi＝NiP0 (i＝1,2,3...n) (1)
wherein, P0For the power of each equivalent wind turbine generator set after splitting, a minimum power value P must exist0So that N isiIs true for a positive integer;
step two, when N wind turbine generator sets in the wind power plant have the same model parameters, according to the inverse process of the capacity weighting equivalence method, the ith wind turbine generator set in the wind power plant is equivalently split, and N is obtainediThe parameters and the states of the equivalent wind turbine generator are completely consistent,
Figure BDA0002831252440000021
obtaining equivalent parameters of each equivalent wind turbine generator; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002831252440000022
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002831252440000025
for N equally split by ith wind-power unitiDesk and the likeMeasuring an impedance parameter of the wind turbine; pNiIs NiPower, P, of a platform-equivalent wind turbineiThe actual power of the ith wind turbine generator set of the original wind power plant;
Figure BDA0002831252440000023
for N equally split by ith wind-power unitiInertia time constants of the platform equivalent wind turbine generator set; h is an inertia time constant of a wind turbine of the original wind power plant; z is an impedance parameter of a wind turbine generator in the original wind power plant; the parameter upper corner mark eq represents the equivalence machine.
Further, the second step of aggregate simplification of the parameter models of the N equivalent wind turbines to obtain model parameters of the equivalent wind turbine a1 includes:
step two, adding the split wind turbine generator mathematical models together to obtain an average value, and obtaining an equivalent split wind turbine generator detailed mathematical model:
Figure BDA0002831252440000024
wherein R issk eqIs the stator resistance, X, of the kth equivalent wind turbine0k eqIs the stator reactance of the kth equivalent wind turbine,
Figure BDA0002831252440000026
is the stator transient reactance of the kth equivalent wind turbine,
Figure BDA0002831252440000027
is the kth equivalent wind motor rotor winding time constant, Hk eqIs the inertia time constant, u 'of the kth equivalent wind turbine generator set'rkIs the rotor transient voltage, I, after the k-th equivalent wind motor is convertedskIs the stator current of the kth equivalent wind turbine, omegamkK-th equivalent wind turbine rotor angular speed, e'kTransient potential, P, of the kth equivalent wind turbinew0Is the equivalent wind power H of the wind generator after splittingk eqIs the inertia time constant of the kth equivalent wind turbine generator; pe0The equivalent wind motor electromagnetic power after the splitting; the angle mark k represents that the serial number k of the N sets obtained after the equivalent splitting is from 1 to N, wherein,
Figure BDA0002831252440000031
all units have equal power after being split, PwiIs the wind power of the ith wind turbine generator set, PeiIs the electromagnetic power of the ith wind turbine generator set.
Step two, simplifying a detailed mathematical model of the wind power plant after the equivalent splitting according to the fact that the power is equal after the splitting and the voltage is equal in a parallel relation, and obtaining:
Figure BDA0002831252440000032
wherein, e'eqThe transient electric potential of the equivalent wind motor after the aggregation,
Figure BDA0002831252440000033
the current of the equivalent wind motor after the aggregation,
Figure BDA0002831252440000034
is equivalent wind power of the wind motor, Pe eqIs the equivalent electromagnetic power of the wind turbine,
Figure BDA0002831252440000035
for the equivalent wind motor rotor angular velocity,
Figure BDA0002831252440000036
representing the derivation of the transient potential of the equivalent wind motor after aggregation;
step two, obtaining parameters of an equivalent wind turbine A1 through derivation according to the simplified detailed mathematical model of the wind power plant as follows:
Figure BDA0002831252440000037
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002831252440000038
representing the stator resistance of equivalent wind turbine a1,
Figure BDA00028312524400000310
representing the stator transient reactance of equivalent wind turbine a1,
Figure BDA0002831252440000039
representing the time constant, H, of the rotor winding of an equivalent wind turbine A1A1 eqThe inertia time constant of the equivalent wind turbine A1 is represented, and the input power of the equivalent wind turbine A1 is obtained by aggregating all the wind turbines in the original wind power plant after the equivalent wind turbine A1 is split
Figure BDA0002831252440000041
Further, the specific method for obtaining the equivalent wind turbine generator a2 parameter according to the input impedance invariance and the energy conservation law in the third step is as follows:
step three, acquiring a corresponding input impedance relation formula according to the unchanged input impedance of the wind power plant before and after equivalence:
Figure BDA0002831252440000042
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002831252440000043
the equivalent stator resistance of the wind turbine generator A2;
Figure BDA0002831252440000044
the transient reactance is the transient reactance of the equivalent wind turbine generator A2;
and step two, because the parameters of the wind motors are the same, simplifying the corresponding input impedance relation formula in the step three to obtain:
Figure BDA0002831252440000045
thirdly, the transient voltage equation of the wind turbine generator is transformed into:
Figure BDA0002831252440000046
step three and four, extracting denominator of transient voltage quantity in step three and step three
Figure BDA0002831252440000047
And (X)0-X') as characteristic impedance value, and in the wind turbine group, making it have the same parallel relation with input impedance, and obtaining corresponding parameter of equivalent wind turbine group A2:
Figure BDA0002831252440000048
Figure BDA0002831252440000049
step three, according to energy conservation, the inertia time constant H has a summation relation, and then all equivalent parameters of the equivalent wind motor A2 are obtained:
Figure BDA0002831252440000051
since the equivalent wind turbine A1 has inputted the total power of the original wind farm system, the input power of the equivalent wind turbine A2 is 0, that is, the equivalent wind turbine A2 is
Figure BDA0002831252440000052
The double-element equivalence method and the corresponding double-machine equivalence model have the advantages that the actual power of the wind power plant is considered, the input impedance of the wind power plant is kept unchanged, and the model has a simple structure, the parameter calculation is not complex, and the equivalence accuracy is high. The double-element equivalence method provided considers the actual power factor of the wind turbine group, effectively reduces the equivalent error under the complex working condition, simultaneously ensures the input impedance of the wind turbine before and after equivalence to be consistent with the kinetic energy of the wind turbine stored in the wind turbine, and ensures the accuracy of steady-state equivalence and dynamic equivalence.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent splitting process of a wind turbine generator set;
FIG. 2 is a stator side equivalent circuit of a wind turbine;
FIG. 3 is a connection diagram of an equivalent circuit of an original wind power plant system and a two-factor equivalent model;
FIG. 4 is a connection diagram of a dual wind turbine system;
FIG. 5(a) is a graph of the absolute error comparison of active power using the method of the present invention and capacity weighting;
FIG. 5(b) is a graph comparing the absolute error of the terminal voltage in the case of using the method of the present invention and the capacity weighting method;
FIG. 5(c) is a graph comparing absolute error of output current using the method of the present invention with a capacity weighting method;
FIG. 5(d) is a graph comparing the absolute error of reactive power when the method of the present invention and the capacity weighting method are used;
FIG. 6 is a connection diagram of a four wind turbine system;
FIG. 7 is a graph of active power simulation curves for the same parameters of wind turbines;
FIG. 8 is a terminal voltage simulation graph at the same time of wind turbine parameters;
FIG. 9 is a simulation graph of output current when the parameters of the wind turbine generator are the same;
FIG. 10 is a reactive power simulation graph when the parameters of the wind turbine generator are the same;
FIG. 11 is a graph of active power simulation curves for different wind turbine generator parameters;
FIG. 12 is a graph of terminal voltage simulation for different time of wind turbine parameters;
FIG. 13 is a simulation graph of output current when wind turbine parameters are different;
FIG. 14 is a simulation graph of reactive power when the wind turbine parameters are different.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The first embodiment is as follows: the following describes the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1, where the method for constructing a wind farm double-element equivalent model includes the specific steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, equivalent splitting is carried out on each wind turbine generator according to the actual power of N wind turbine generators in a wind power plant, so that the power of each split wind turbine generator is the same, and the N equivalent wind turbine generators are obtained; wherein N is more than N and more than 0;
step two, carrying out aggregation simplification on the mathematical models of the N equivalent wind turbines to obtain model parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A1;
thirdly, constructing a model of the equivalent wind turbine A2 to be connected with the equivalent wind turbine A1 in parallel, and obtaining parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A2 according to the input impedance invariance and the energy conservation law; and finishing the construction of the wind power plant double-element equivalent model.
Further, in the first step, the method for performing equivalent splitting on each wind turbine generator set comprises:
carrying out equivalent splitting on the ith wind turbine generator set to obtain NiOf platform-equivalent wind turbine generatorThe specific method comprises the following steps:
step one, setting the input wind power of the ith wind turbine generator in n wind turbine generator groups in a wind power plant as PiAnd carrying out equivalent splitting on the ith wind turbine generator set to obtain:
Pi＝NiP0 (i＝1,2,3...n) (1)
wherein, P0The power of each equivalent wind turbine generator set after being split is determined to have a power minimum value P0So that N isiIs true for a positive integer;
step two, when N wind turbine generator sets in the wind power plant have the same model parameters, according to the inverse process of the capacity weighting equivalence method, the ith wind turbine generator set in the wind power plant is equivalently split, and N is obtainediThe parameters and the states of the equivalent wind turbine generator are completely consistent,
Figure BDA0002831252440000071
obtaining equivalent parameters of each equivalent wind turbine generator; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002831252440000072
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002831252440000073
for N equally split by ith wind-power unitiImpedance parameters of the platform equivalent wind turbine generator; pNiIs NiPower, P, of a platform-equivalent wind turbineiThe actual power of the ith wind turbine generator set of the original wind power plant;
Figure BDA0002831252440000074
for N equally split by ith wind-power unitiInertia time constants of the platform equivalent wind turbine generator set; h is an inertia time constant of a wind turbine of the original wind power plant; z is an impedance parameter of a wind turbine generator in the original wind power plant; the parameter upper corner mark eq represents the equivalence machine.
In this embodiment, the wind power generation system is based on each wind turbine in the wind farmThe actual power of the group is obtained by carrying out equivalent splitting on each wind turbine generator, and N is obtained by splitting the ith wind turbine generatoriThe equivalent wind turbine generator set is a wind turbine generator set,
Figure BDA0002831252440000075
the method for obtaining N equivalent wind turbine generator model parameters is the same, and the process is shown in FIG. 1.
In the process of equivalent splitting, the change proportion of the power quantity and the current quantity and the change proportion of the impedance parameter are reciprocal, and the voltage quantity is kept unchanged, namely:
Figure BDA0002831252440000076
Qiis the reactive power of the ith wind turbine generator set, IiIs the current of the ith wind turbine generator set,
Figure BDA0002831252440000077
Figure BDA0002831252440000078
is NiReactive power of a counter-value unit, INiIs NiAnd (4) the current of the equivalent unit.
The three-order transient model of the wind turbine generator is as shown in formula (12), and the equivalent circuit on the stator side is as shown in FIG. 2.
Figure BDA0002831252440000079
In the formula: e' is the generator transient potential; x0And X' is a stator reactance and a stator transient reactance, respectively; t'0Is the rotor winding time constant; rsRepresenting the stator resistance; omegamIs the generator rotor angular velocity; omegasSynchronizing the angular velocity for the generator; s is slip; t istAnd TeMechanical torque of a wind turbine and electromagnetic torque of a generator, Tt＝Pw/ωm，PwFor wind-driven generatorsWind power of Te＝Pe/ωm，PeThe electromagnetic power of the wind generating set; v. ofsIs the stator voltage; i issIs the stator current; u'rThe converted rotor transient voltage is obtained;
Figure BDA0002831252440000081
L′r、Lmrespectively, a rotor inductance and a field inductance, v'rTo convert the rotor voltage to the stator side, j is an imaginary unit. The ith wind turbine generator set is split to obtain NiThe terminal voltage equation of the platform equivalent wind turbine generator is as follows:
Figure BDA0002831252440000082
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002831252440000083
n for equal splitting of ith wind turbine generator setiThe equivalent value of the stator resistance of the wind turbine generator,
Figure BDA0002831252440000084
n for equal splitting of ith wind turbine generator setiA platform equivalent wind turbine generator stator transient reactance,
Figure BDA0002831252440000085
n for equal splitting of ith wind turbine generator setiStator current of counter-value wind turbine generator set, e'iThe transient potential of the ith wind turbine in the original wind power plant.
According to equation (13), it is possible to obtain:
Figure BDA0002831252440000086
Figure BDA0002831252440000087
n obtained by equivalent splitting of ith wind turbine generator setiThe transient potential of the equivalent wind turbine generator is equal to the transient potential of the original wind turbine generator in the equivalent splitting process.
According to the steady-state mathematical model of the wind turbine generator:
Figure BDA0002831252440000088
I′rfor conversion of rotor current to stator side, Xs、R′r、X′r、XmThe stator reactance, the rotor resistance converted to the stator side, the rotor reactance converted to the stator side, and the excitation reactance, respectively, and s is a slip ratio.
The slip can be derived as a function of power and voltage as:
Figure BDA0002831252440000089
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00028312524400000810
the complex conjugate of the stator voltage, Q represents the reactive power.
In the formula (16), each item only includes a factor of the impedance quantity ratio, a factor of multiplying the power quantity by the impedance quantity, and a factor of the voltage quantity, and the method can be deduced according to the formula (11), wherein the slip ratio of the equivalent wind motor obtained in the equivalent splitting process is also kept equal to that of the original wind motor, namely the rotating speed of the wind motor is equal:
ωmNi＝ωmi (17)
wherein, ω ismiRepresenting the angular speed, omega, of the ith wind turbine rotor of the original wind farmmNiRepresenting N obtained by equal splitting of ith wind turbine generator setiAnd the rotor angular speed of the platform equivalent wind turbine generator.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
step two, the specific method for performing aggregation simplification on the parameter models of the N equivalent wind turbines to obtain the model parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A1 is as follows:
step two, adding the split wind turbine generator mathematical models together to obtain an average value, and obtaining an equivalent split wind turbine generator detailed mathematical model:
Figure BDA0002831252440000091
wherein R issk eqIs the stator resistance of the kth equivalent wind turbine, IskIs the stator current of the kth equivalent wind turbine, omegamkK-th equivalent wind turbine rotor angular speed, e'kTransient potential, X, of the kth equivalent wind turbine0k eqIs the stator reactance of the kth equivalent wind turbine,
Figure BDA0002831252440000093
is the stator transient reactance of the kth equivalent wind turbine,
Figure BDA0002831252440000094
is the k-th equivalent wind turbine rotor winding time constant, u'rkIs the rotor transient voltage, P, of the k-th equivalent wind turbinew0Is the wind power of the equivalent wind turbine, Pe0Is the electromagnetic power of an equivalent wind turbine, Hk eqIs the inertia time constant of the kth equivalent wind turbine generator; the angle mark k represents the serial numbers of N equivalent units obtained after the equivalent splitting, and k takes values from 1 to N, wherein,
Figure BDA0002831252440000092
all units have equal power after being split, PwiIs the wind power, P, of the ith wind turbine generator set of the original wind farmeiThe electromagnetic power of the ith wind turbine generator set of the original wind power plant;
step two, simplifying the mathematical model of the wind power plant after the equivalent splitting according to the equal power and the equal voltage of the parallel relation after the splitting to obtain:
Figure BDA0002831252440000101
wherein, e'eqThe transient electric potential of the equivalent wind motor after the aggregation,
Figure BDA0002831252440000102
the value of the stator current of the wind motor after aggregation is equal,
Figure BDA0002831252440000103
representing the derivation of the transient potential of the aggregated equivalent wind turbine,
Figure BDA0002831252440000104
is the equivalent wind power of the wind motor after aggregation, Pe eqFor equivalent wind turbine electromagnetic power after aggregation,
Figure BDA0002831252440000105
for the equivalent wind motor rotor angular velocity,
Figure BDA0002831252440000106
representing the derivation of the angular speed of the equivalent wind turbine rotor;
step two and step three, using Ni and P for N according to the simplified detailed mathematical model of the wind power plantiThe relationship substitution of (2) is that the parameters of the equivalent wind turbine generator A1 obtained through derivation are:
Figure BDA0002831252440000107
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002831252440000108
representing the stator resistance of equivalent wind turbine a1,
Figure BDA00028312524400001011
representing the stator transient reactance of equivalent wind turbine a1,
Figure BDA0002831252440000109
representing the time constant, H, of the rotor winding of an equivalent wind turbine A1A1 eqRepresenting the inertial time constant of the equivalent wind turbine a 1. The equivalent wind turbine A1 is obtained by aggregating all the units in the original wind power plant after being split, so the input power of the equivalent wind turbine A1
Figure BDA00028312524400001010
In this embodiment, since the number of equivalent wind turbines obtained by splitting the equivalent of the wind turbines with different input powers is different, the parameters of N equivalent wind turbines obtained by splitting the equivalent of the N wind turbines are also different. The input wind power of each wind turbine generator set after being split is P0Because the wind turbines are connected in parallel on the same bus, the generator terminal voltages are equal, the output currents of the wind turbines are considered to be approximately equal, and meanwhile, the rotating speeds of the wind turbines are assumed to be approximately equal, and the transient potentials are approximately equal.
In order to simplify the equation (3) of the wind power plant after the equivalent splitting into a form corresponding to each item in the wind turbine generator mathematical model one by one, the equation (4) can be obtained by further arrangement on the assumption that the rotating speeds of the wind turbines are approximately the same and the transient potentials of the wind turbines are approximately equal.
According to the formula (4), comparing the wind power generation set mathematical model with the wind power generation set mathematical model, the equivalent parameters of the equivalent wind power generation set A1 can be obtained to meet the following requirements:
Figure BDA0002831252440000111
Figure BDA0002831252440000112
is the stator resistance of the equivalent wind turbine a1,
Figure BDA0002831252440000113
is equal toThe value of the stator transient reactance of wind turbine a1,
Figure BDA0002831252440000114
the equivalent stator reactance of wind turbine a1,
Figure BDA0002831252440000115
is the rotor winding time constant of the equivalent wind turbine a1,
Figure BDA0002831252440000116
the inertia time constant of the equivalent wind turbine generator A1; according to the formula (1), dividing N equivalent values into each wind turbine parameter and PiAnd NiIn the relation formula (21), the parameter N generated by the formula medium value splitting can be eliminated through sorting, and the final parameter determination formula of the equivalent wind turbine generator A1 is obtained and is shown in the formula (5).
Because the first equivalent wind turbine is a wind turbine formed by aggregating all the wind turbines after equivalent splitting, the input power of the first equivalent wind turbine is the sum of the input powers of all the wind turbines, namely:
Figure BDA0002831252440000117
Figure BDA0002831252440000118
the input power of the equivalent unit A1 is equal to the total power of the original wind power plant.
Further, the concrete method of connecting the equivalent wind turbine generator a2 in parallel on the model of the equivalent wind turbine generator a1 according to the fact that the input impedance and the stored kinetic energy of the wind turbine generator in the wind power generation site are kept unchanged in the third step is as follows:
in the third step, the specific method for obtaining the equivalent wind turbine generator A2 parameter according to the input impedance invariance and the energy conservation law is as follows:
step three, acquiring a corresponding input impedance relation formula according to the unchanged input impedance of the wind power plant before and after equivalence:
Figure BDA0002831252440000119
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002831252440000121
is the stator resistance of the equivalent wind turbine a2,
Figure BDA0002831252440000122
the transient reactance is the transient reactance of the equivalent wind turbine generator A2.
Step two, simplifying the corresponding input impedance relation in the step three to obtain:
Figure BDA0002831252440000123
thirdly, the transient voltage equation of the wind turbine generator is transformed into:
Figure BDA0002831252440000124
step three and four, extracting the denominator of the transient voltage quantity e' in the step three
Figure BDA0002831252440000125
And (X)0-X') as characteristic impedance value, and in the wind turbine group, making it have the same parallel relation with input impedance, and obtaining the corresponding parameter of equivalent wind turbine group a2 by the same method:
Figure BDA0002831252440000126
Figure BDA0002831252440000127
step three, according to energy conservation, the inertia time constant H has a summation relation, and then all equivalent parameters of the equivalent wind motor A2 are obtained:
Figure BDA0002831252440000128
since the equivalent wind turbine A1 has inputted the total power of the original wind farm system, the input power of the equivalent wind turbine A2 is 0, that is, the equivalent wind turbine A2 is
Figure BDA0002831252440000129
In this embodiment, the equivalent wind turbine parameters determined by equation (5) cannot ensure that the input impedance of the wind farm is equal before and after the equivalent, and cannot ensure that the kinetic energy stored in the wind farm is equal. Therefore, an equivalent wind turbine generator A2 connected with an equivalent wind turbine generator A1 in parallel is introduced, and the introduction of the equivalent wind turbine generator A2 ensures that the input impedance of the wind power plant before and after the equivalence is kept consistent with the kinetic energy stored by the wind turbine generator in the wind power generation place, so that a double-element equivalent model of the wind power plant is formed.
According to fig. 3, if the input impedances of the wind farm before and after the equivalence are equal, the corresponding input impedance relation (6) can be obtained, and since the wind turbine parameters are all the same, the following can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002831252440000131
by substituting the result of the calculation in formula (5) into formula (23), it is possible to obtain:
Figure BDA0002831252440000132
wherein:
Figure BDA0002831252440000133
as can be seen from equation (25), the parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A2 are determined and are related to the level of the difference in input power between the original wind turbines. Deforming the transient voltage equation to obtain an equation (8); extracting denominator of transient voltage
Figure BDA0002831252440000134
And (X)0-X') as a characteristic impedance value and having the same parallel relationship with the input impedance in the wind turbine group, the following two calculation equations can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002831252440000135
Figure BDA0002831252440000136
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002831252440000137
the equivalent stator reactance of wind turbine a2,
Figure BDA0002831252440000139
is the stator transient reactance of the equivalent wind turbine generator A2,
Figure BDA0002831252440000138
is the rotor winding time constant of the equivalent wind turbine generator A2.
Substituting the equivalent parameter result of the wind turbine generator A1 with the equivalent value in the formula (5) into the formula, the corresponding parameter of the equivalent wind turbine generator A2 can be obtained as shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002831252440000141
Figure BDA0002831252440000142
for a wind turbine shafting inertia time constant H, the relational expression between the wind turbine shafting inertia time constant H and the wind turbine rotational inertia J is as follows:
Figure BDA0002831252440000143
in the formula SBIs a reference capacity; omegaτThe rotating speed of the rotating shaft; j is the rotational inertia of the wind motor.
From an energetic point of view analysis, kinetic energy E of the shaftmThe equation is:
Figure BDA0002831252440000144
then, the relationship between the inertia time constant of the wind turbine generator and the kinetic energy of the rotating shaft can be obtained correspondingly as follows:
Figure BDA0002831252440000145
because the energy has a summation relationship in the equivalence process, namely the shafting energy of the wind power plant system after equivalence is equal to the total energy of the original wind power plant system shafting, the summation relationship of the inertia constant H can be further obtained:
Figure BDA0002831252440000146
wherein E ismiRepresenting the kinetic energy of the rotor shaft of the ith wind turbine in the wind farm, HiRepresenting the inertia time constant of the ith wind driven generator in the wind power plant, for a two-machine equivalent system, the inertia time constants of two equivalent wind driven generators A1 and A2 have the following relationship:
Figure BDA0002831252440000147
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002831252440000148
is the inertia time constant of the equivalent wind turbine a1,
Figure BDA0002831252440000149
the inertia time constant of the equivalent wind turbine generator A2;
will be provided with
Figure BDA00028312524400001410
In the formula (34), the inertia time constant of the equivalent wind turbine generator a2 can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002831252440000151
the equivalent parameters of the equivalent wind motor A2 are organized as follows:
Figure BDA0002831252440000152
since the equivalent wind turbine generator A1 has already inputted the total power of the original wind farm system, the input power of the equivalent wind turbine generator A2 is 0, that is:
Figure BDA0002831252440000153
and (3) carrying out simulation analysis on the double-element equivalent model with the same parameters by taking the two wind turbine generator systems as an example, as shown in a connection diagram of the two wind turbine generators in FIG. 4.
The difference between the input wind powers of the two wind turbine generators is gradually enlarged, equivalence is performed by using an equivalence model obtained by a double-element equivalence method, steady-state equivalence errors under different conditions are obtained, and the results are compared with a capacity weighting method, and are shown in fig. 5(a), 5(b), 5(c) and 5 (d).
It can be obviously found that the double-element equivalence method effectively inhibits errors caused by power difference of the wind turbine group. Compared with the capacity weighting method, the steady-state error of the double-element equivalent model is always smaller than that of the capacity weighting method, and when the double-element equivalent model is influenced by the state difference of the original wind motor, the change of the steady-state error is not obvious, so that the double-element equivalent model has a good steady-state equivalent effect.
The dynamic equivalence effect of the double-element equivalence method is subjected to simulation analysis, and an original wind power plant is composed of 4 wind turbines, as shown in figure 6.
In order to simulate the state difference among the wind turbines, the input wind power of the four wind turbines is 3MW, 2.1MW, 1.2MW and 0.6MW respectively. At 5 seconds, a three-phase short-circuit fault of duration 0.1 seconds occurs at the wind farm connection bus.
From the simulation results of fig. 7 to fig. 10, it can be known that when the parameters of the wind turbine generator are the same, the dynamic equivalence effect of the dual-machine equivalence model is better than that of the capacity weighting method, and the equivalence effect is more accurate.
The process of different wind power generation unit parameters in the original wind power plant is the same.
The specific embodiment is as follows: the embodiment specifically relates to a double-element equivalence method for different parameters of a wind turbine generator;
when the parameters of the wind turbine generator are different, the two-factor equivalent model is the same as the parameters, and the parameter solving process is the same.
(1) Parameter determination method for equivalent machine A1
Each wind power unit in the wind power plant is respectively equivalently split into corresponding N according to the input wind power1、N2、N3…NnThe equivalent parameters of the platform equivalent wind turbine generator are as follows:
Figure BDA0002831252440000161
(Nitable, i ═ 1,2,3.. n) (37)
Wherein HiThe inertia time constant of the ith wind turbine generator set in the original wind power plant is obtained; ziAnd the impedance parameter is the impedance parameter of the ith wind turbine generator in the original wind power plant. The only difference from formula (2) is that: the parameters of the n wind turbine generators are different and cannot be uniformly expressed.
Assuming that the current, the rotating speed and the transient potential of each wind turbine are approximately equal after the equivalence splitting, the detailed mathematical model of the wind power plant after the equivalence splitting in the formula (3) can be arranged into a form of the formula (4). Comparing (4) with each item in the mathematical model formula of the wind turbine generator one by one, namely correspondingly solving the parameter of the equivalent wind turbine generator A1 as shown in formula (21), substituting the parameter formula (37) of each equivalent wind turbine generator after the equivalent splitting into formula (21), and obtaining the formula:
Figure BDA0002831252440000162
will PiAnd NiThe relation of (2) is substituted into the formula (38), the number N of the equivalent splitting units of the original wind turbine generators can be obtainediBy input wind power PiInstead, at this time, the parameter calculation formula of the equivalent wind turbine generator a1 may be organized as shown in (39):
Figure BDA0002831252440000171
for the input power of the equivalent wind turbine generator A1, as the input power is obtained by splitting and aggregating the equivalent of all the wind turbine generators in the original wind farm, the total input power of the original wind farm system is used as the input power of the equivalent wind turbine generator A1, namely:
Figure BDA0002831252440000172
(2) equivalent wind turbine A2 parameter determination method
All equivalent parameters of an equivalent wind turbine A2 are obtained, and corresponding parameters of an equivalent wind turbine A2 are obtained according to the principle that input impedance of a wind turbine system is kept unchanged
Figure BDA0002831252440000173
And
Figure BDA0002831252440000174
the equivalent connection diagram 3 of the original wind power generation system and the double-machine equivalent can obtainTo the formula:
Figure BDA0002831252440000175
then it can be further obtained that:
Figure BDA0002831252440000176
when other impedance parameters are obtained, obtaining
Figure BDA0002831252440000177
And (X)0-X') is the impedance in parallel relationship, resulting in the following two calculations:
Figure BDA0002831252440000178
Figure BDA0002831252440000179
inertia constant for equivalent wind turbine A2
Figure BDA00028312524400001710
The summation of the inertia time constants can be obtained by referring to equation (33):
Figure BDA0002831252440000181
the inertia time constant of the equivalent wind turbine generator A2 can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002831252440000182
finally, the parameter solving formula of the equivalent wind motor A2 is summarized and summarized as follows:
Figure BDA0002831252440000183
the input wind power of the equivalent wind turbine A2 is 0, namely
Figure BDA0002831252440000184
Carrying out simulation analysis on the double-element equivalent model with different parameters;
taking a wind power generation system composed of 4 wind turbines shown in fig. 6 as an example, the wind power generation system comprises 2 squirrel cage wind turbines with two different models, namely model a and model B. The input wind power of the two A model squirrel-cage wind turbine generators is respectively 3MW and 1.2MW, and the input wind power of the two B model squirrel-cage wind turbine generators is respectively 1.4MW and 0.4 MW. At 5 seconds, a three-phase short-circuit fault of duration 0.1 seconds occurs at the wind farm connection bus.
As can be seen from fig. 11 to 14, when the parameters of the wind turbine generator are different, the method can still maintain a good equivalent effect, the dynamic process of each state quantity is basically overlapped with the operation characteristic curve of the original wind power plant system, and the dynamic characteristic of the original wind power generation system under a complex actual operation condition can be well simulated.
The invention relates to a double-element wind power plant equivalent modeling method which is characterized in that two equivalent wind power units are used for modeling, and the actual power factor and the input impedance invariant factor of the wind power units are considered simultaneously. Discloses an accurate equivalence process of equivalent splitting-aggregation of a wind turbine generator; in the process, an equivalent method of the actual power of the wind turbine generator group is considered, so that errors caused by the difference of the actual power are well controlled: the double-machine equivalent model is provided, the actual power is considered, meanwhile, the input impedance and the stored energy can be kept the same as those of the original wind power plant system, and a good dynamic equivalent effect is achieved.
According to the double-element equivalent model of the wind power plant and the determination method of the parameters of the double-element equivalent model, through simulation verification, the double-element equivalent method has dynamic and steady equivalent effects exceeding single-element equivalent, a simple and accurate equivalent model is provided for wind power plant equivalence, the parameter calculation process is simple, and the calculation capacity and accuracy of a power system can be greatly improved.

Claims (4)

1. A wind power plant double-element equivalent model construction method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, equivalent splitting is carried out on each wind turbine generator according to the actual power of N wind turbine generators in a wind power plant, so that the power of each split wind turbine generator is the same, and the N equivalent wind turbine generators are obtained; wherein N is more than N and more than 0;
step two, carrying out aggregation simplification on the mathematical models of the N equivalent wind turbines to obtain model parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A1;
thirdly, constructing a model of the equivalent wind turbine A2 to be connected with the equivalent wind turbine A1 in parallel, and obtaining parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A2 according to the input impedance invariance and the energy conservation law; and finishing the construction of the wind power plant double-element equivalent model.
2. The method for constructing the wind power plant double-element equivalent model according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the method for performing equivalent splitting on each wind turbine generator comprises the following steps:
carrying out equivalent splitting on the ith wind turbine generator set to obtain NiThe specific method of the platform equivalent wind turbine generator set comprises the following steps:
step one, setting the input wind power of the ith wind turbine generator in n wind turbine generator groups in a wind power plant as PiAnd carrying out equivalent splitting on the ith wind turbine generator set to obtain:
Pi＝NiP0(i＝1,2,3...n) (1)
wherein, P0Is the power, P, of each equivalent wind turbine generator set after splitting0So that N isiIs true for a positive integer;
step two, when N wind turbine generator sets in the wind power plant have the same model parameters, according to the inverse process of the capacity weighting equivalence method, the ith wind turbine generator set in the wind power plant is equivalently split, and N is obtainediTyphoon equivalent windThe parameters and the states of the motor set are completely consistent,
Figure FDA0002831252430000011
obtaining equivalent parameters of each equivalent wind turbine generator; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002831252430000012
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002831252430000013
for N equally split by ith wind-power unitiImpedance parameters of the platform equivalent wind turbine generator; pNiIs NiPower, P, of a platform-equivalent wind turbineiThe actual power of the ith wind turbine generator set of the original wind power plant;
Figure FDA0002831252430000014
for N equally split by ith wind-power unitiInertia time constants of the platform equivalent wind turbine generator set; h is an inertia time constant of a wind turbine of the original wind power plant; z is an impedance parameter of a wind turbine generator in the original wind power plant; the parameter upper corner mark eq represents the equivalence machine.
3. The wind power plant double-element equivalent model construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step two, the parameter models of the N equivalent wind power generation sets are subjected to aggregate simplification, and a specific method for obtaining model parameters of the equivalent wind power generation set A1 is as follows:
step two, adding the split wind turbine generator mathematical models together to obtain an average value, and obtaining an equivalent split wind turbine generator detailed mathematical model:
Figure FDA0002831252430000021
wherein R issk eqIs the k-thEquivalent stator resistance of wind turbine, IskIs the stator current of the kth equivalent wind turbine, omegamkK-th equivalent wind turbine rotor angular speed, e'kTransient potential, X, of the kth equivalent wind turbine0k eqIs the stator reactance of the kth equivalent wind turbine,
Figure FDA00028312524300000210
is the stator transient reactance of the kth equivalent wind turbine,
Figure FDA00028312524300000211
is the k-th equivalent wind turbine rotor winding time constant, u'rkIs the rotor transient voltage, P, of the k-th equivalent wind turbinew0Is the wind power of the equivalent wind turbine, Pe0Is the electromagnetic power of an equivalent wind turbine, Hk eqIs the inertia time constant of the kth equivalent wind turbine generator; the angle mark k represents the serial numbers of N equivalent units obtained after the equivalent splitting, and k takes values from 1 to N, wherein,
Figure FDA0002831252430000022
all units have equal power after being split, PwiIs the wind power, P, of the ith wind turbine generator set of the original wind farmeiThe electromagnetic power of the ith wind turbine generator set of the original wind power plant;
step two, simplifying the mathematical model of the wind power plant after the equivalent splitting according to the equal power and the equal voltage of the parallel relation after the splitting to obtain:
Figure FDA0002831252430000023
wherein, e'eqThe transient electric potential of the equivalent wind motor after the aggregation,
Figure FDA0002831252430000024
the value of the stator current of the wind motor after aggregation is equal,
Figure FDA0002831252430000025
representing the derivation of the transient potential of the aggregated equivalent wind turbine,
Figure FDA0002831252430000026
the wind power of the equivalent wind motor after the aggregation is obtained,
Figure FDA0002831252430000027
for equivalent wind turbine electromagnetic power after aggregation,
Figure FDA0002831252430000028
for the equivalent wind motor rotor angular velocity,
Figure FDA0002831252430000029
representing the derivation of the angular speed of the equivalent wind turbine rotor;
step two and step three, using Ni and P for N according to the simplified detailed mathematical model of the wind power plantiThe relationship substitution of (2) is that the parameters of the equivalent wind turbine generator A1 obtained through derivation are:
Figure FDA0002831252430000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002831252430000032
representing the stator resistance of equivalent wind turbine a1,
Figure FDA0002831252430000033
representing the stator transient reactance of equivalent wind turbine a1,
Figure FDA0002831252430000034
representing the time constant, H, of the rotor winding of an equivalent wind turbine A1A1 eqRepresenting equivalent wind turbine A1The inertia time constant of. The equivalent wind turbine A1 is obtained by aggregating all the units in the original wind power plant after being split, so the input power of the equivalent wind turbine A1
Figure FDA0002831252430000035
4. The method for constructing the wind farm double-element equivalent model according to claim 3, wherein the specific method for obtaining the parameters of the equivalent wind turbine A2 according to the input impedance invariance and the energy conservation law in the third step is as follows:
step three, acquiring a corresponding input impedance relation formula according to the unchanged input impedance of the wind power plant before and after equivalence:
Figure FDA0002831252430000036
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002831252430000037
is the stator resistance of the equivalent wind turbine a2,
Figure FDA0002831252430000038
the transient reactance is the transient reactance of the equivalent wind turbine generator A2.
Step two, simplifying the corresponding input impedance relation in the step three to obtain:
Figure FDA0002831252430000039
thirdly, the transient voltage equation of the wind turbine generator is transformed into:
Figure FDA00028312524300000310
step three and four, extracting the denominator of the transient voltage quantity e' in the step three
Figure FDA00028312524300000311
And (X)0-X') as characteristic impedance value, and in the wind turbine group, making it have the same parallel relation with input impedance, and obtaining the corresponding parameter of equivalent wind turbine group a2 by the same method:
Figure FDA0002831252430000041
Figure FDA0002831252430000042
step three, according to energy conservation, the inertia time constant H has a summation relation, and then all equivalent parameters of the equivalent wind motor A2 are obtained:
Figure FDA0002831252430000043
since the equivalent wind turbine A1 has inputted the total power of the original wind farm system, the input power of the equivalent wind turbine A2 is 0, that is, the equivalent wind turbine A2 is
Figure FDA0002831252430000044
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