CN112636382A - Star-shaped alternating current-direct current power distribution system operation stability analysis method - Google Patents

Star-shaped alternating current-direct current power distribution system operation stability analysis method Download PDF

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CN112636382A
CN112636382A CN202011534081.5A CN202011534081A CN112636382A CN 112636382 A CN112636382 A CN 112636382A CN 202011534081 A CN202011534081 A CN 202011534081A CN 112636382 A CN112636382 A CN 112636382A
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邓卫
吴琦
裴玮
叶华
孔力
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for analyzing the operation stability of a star-shaped alternating current and direct current power distribution system, which comprises the following steps of: the first step is as follows: constructing the equivalent impedance of a single slave station: establishing equivalent impedance of a single slave station according to an equivalent circuit of an alternating current and direct current power distribution system; the second step is that: and (3) constructing the integral equivalent impedance of the slave station: establishing parallel integral equivalent impedance of N-1 slave stations according to an equivalent circuit of an alternating current and direct current power distribution system; the third step: constructing a master station transfer function: establishing a first transfer function of a direct-current voltage control loop of a main station according to the structures of a power controller and a current controller of a voltage source type converter station; the fourth step: constructing a system integral transfer function: connecting the parallel equivalent impedance of the N-1 slave stations in the second step with the equivalent impedance of the direct current load in parallel, accessing a direct current line on the master station side, connecting the obtained equivalent impedance with the first transfer function in the third step in series, and establishing a second transfer function of the whole system; the fifth step: and D, carrying out frequency domain analysis on the second transfer function in the step four, and researching the operation mechanism of the system.

Description

Star-shaped alternating current-direct current power distribution system operation stability analysis method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric power, in particular to a method for analyzing the operation stability of a star-shaped alternating current and direct current power distribution system.
Background
With the progress of society and the development of economy, the proportion of distributed energy in an energy structure is rapidly improved, the direct current mode is accessed into a power grid to reduce a current conversion link, improve the efficiency and reduce the harmonic content, and the great increase of direct current load makes the significance of the direct current power grid more obvious. Since the current grid system is still mainly based on ac load, the ac/dc hybrid power distribution system will be one of the important forms of the grid in the future. Due to the flexible and diverse structure of the multi-terminal alternating current and direct current power distribution and utilization system, a novel system structure needs to be researched to meet the requirements of high reliability and strong power transfer capability.
Fig. 1 illustrates a novel structure of an ac/dc distribution system, in which an ac system 1, an ac system 2 … …, an ac system N … …, an ac system N, and the like are interconnected by a dc system, ac sides of VSC1 and VSC2 … … VSCn … … VSCn are respectively connected to the ac system 1 and the ac system 2 … …, and the ac side of each ac system N … … is connected to a dc bus via a line. The direct current system can be connected with renewable energy sources, an energy storage system, electric vehicles and other direct current loads, and when the voltage level of the equipment is not matched with the voltage level of the direct current bus, the DC/DC converter can be reasonably configured for conversion. The main station converter adopts a constant direct-current voltage control mode to provide constant direct-current voltage for a direct-current system; and the slave station converter adopts a constant power control mode to transmit given power.
At present, an alternating current and direct current distribution and utilization system becomes a research hotspot at home and abroad, and researches of related enterprises, research institutions and colleges in the aspects of system stability analysis and the like are gradually matured. The commonly used eigenvalue analysis method and impedance analysis method face the defects of difficult model construction and huge calculation amount, and especially when the system structure is variable, the system cannot be adjusted in time along with the eigenvalue analysis method and impedance analysis method, and the system is lack of flexibility.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for analyzing the operation stability of a star-shaped alternating current and direct current power distribution system, which realizes the stability analysis of the system in a star-shaped structure under the condition of increasing and decreasing the number of alternating current systems. The alternating current and direct current power distribution and utilization system comprises a plurality of voltage source type converter stations which are divided into a main station and a plurality of slave stations 1 … … N … … N-1, and star connection is adopted, and the alternating current and direct current power distribution and utilization system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: constructing the equivalent impedance of a single slave station: establishing equivalent impedance of a single slave station according to an equivalent circuit of the alternating current and direct current power distribution system, and using the equivalent impedance as the input of the step two;
the second step is that: and (3) constructing the integral equivalent impedance of the slave station: establishing parallel integral equivalent impedance of N-1 slave stations according to an equivalent circuit of the alternating current and direct current power distribution system, and taking the parallel integral equivalent impedance as the input of the step four;
the third step: constructing a master station transfer function: establishing a first transfer function of a direct-current voltage control loop of the main station according to the structures of a power controller and a current controller of the voltage source type converter station, and taking the first transfer function as the input of the step four;
the fourth step: constructing a system integral transfer function: connecting the parallel equivalent impedance of the N-1 slave stations in the second step with the equivalent impedance of the direct current load in parallel, accessing a direct current line on the master station side, connecting the obtained equivalent impedance with the first transfer function in the third step in series, establishing a second transfer function of the whole system, and taking the second transfer function as the input of the fifth step;
the fifth step: and D, carrying out frequency domain analysis on the second transfer function in the step four, and researching the operation mechanism of the system.
Further, the first step of constructing the equivalent impedance of the single slave station specifically includes:
in an equivalent circuit of an alternating current-direct current power distribution system, a slave station adopts a constant power control model to transmit given power, the equivalent is constant power load, ZnIs an equivalent impedance of the slave station VSCn, UdcIs a DC bus voltage inIs a direct side current from the station VSCn, then ZnSatisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002849897750000021
in the formula Ln、Rn、CnAre respectively slaveStation VSCn dc side line inductance, dc side line resistance, dc side capacitance, Req,nIs the slave VSCn equivalent constant power impedance, and s is the operator.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002849897750000022
Unfor steady-state voltage, P, from the DC side of the station VSCnnIs the power of the slave VSCn.
Further, the second step: the method for constructing the integral equivalent impedance of the slave station specifically comprises the following steps:
carrying out integral equivalence on each parallel slave station to obtain integral equivalent impedance Z of the slave station, and satisfying the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002849897750000023
in the formula Z1、Z2、Zn、ZN-1Equivalent impedances of the slave VSC1, the slave VSC2, the slave VSCn and the slave VSCN-1 are respectively, and N-1 is the total number of the slaves.
Further, the third step of constructing the master station transfer function specifically includes:
according to the power controller and current controller structure of the voltage source type converter station, a first transfer function, namely an open-loop transfer function G, of a direct-current voltage control loop of the main station is obtainedvsc(s) satisfying:
Figure BDA0002849897750000031
in the formula
Figure BDA0002849897750000032
Figure BDA0002849897750000033
Is a scaling factor of the outer loop of the voltage,
Figure BDA0002849897750000036
as a voltage outer loop integral parameter, LsN、RsN、USN、PsN0Is a main station VSCN AC side inductor, an AC side resistor, an AC side voltage and an AC side steady-state power, UNIs the steady-state voltage of the direct current side of the main station.
Further, the fourth step of constructing the overall transfer function of the system specifically includes:
connecting the integral equivalent impedance Z of the slave station with the equivalent impedance of the DC load in parallel, accessing the DC line at the master station side, and connecting the obtained equivalent impedance with the DC line Gvsc(s) serially connecting to obtain a second transfer function G(s) of the whole system, and satisfying:
Figure BDA0002849897750000034
in the formula RN、LN、CNRespectively a main station VSCN direct current side line resistor, a direct current side line inductor and a direct current side capacitor, C is a direct current bus capacitor,
Figure BDA0002849897750000035
Pbusthe integral power of the direct current bus is obtained.
Further, the fifth step: performing frequency domain analysis on the second transfer function G(s) of the whole system in the step four, and exploring the system stability mechanism, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
drawing a bode diagram of the transfer function according to the whole transfer function G(s) of the system,
when the phase angle margin Pm is less than 0 degrees, the system is unstable;
when the phase angle margin Pm is larger than 0 degree, the system is stable.
Has the advantages that:
the method constructs the transfer function of the AC/DC power distribution system, covers the characteristics of each part of a main circuit, a control system and the like, and can visually reflect the input-output relationship of the AC/DC power distribution system. When the system increases or decreases the alternating current system, the method can quickly set up a new transfer function, reflect the running state of the system in time, provide a powerful theoretical basis for stability analysis, avoid the defect of low flexibility of the traditional characteristic value analysis method and the impedance analysis method, fill up the technical blank and have wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a star system architecture;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a VSC main circuit;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a constant voltage control architecture;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a constant power control architecture;
FIG. 5 is a block flow diagram of a method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention without creative efforts.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a novel structure of an ac/dc distribution system is described, in which an ac system 1, an ac system 2 … …, an ac system N … …, an ac system N, and the like are interconnected through a dc system, ac sides of a VSC1 and a VSC2 … … VSCn … … VSCn are respectively connected to the ac system 1 and the ac system N … …, and respective dc sides flow into a dc bus through a certain line. The direct current system can be connected with renewable energy sources, an energy storage system, electric vehicles and other direct current loads, and when the voltage level of the equipment is not matched with the voltage level of the direct current bus, the DC/DC converter can be reasonably configured for conversion. The main station converter adopts a constant direct-current voltage control mode to provide constant direct-current voltage for a direct-current system; and the slave station converter adopts a constant power control mode to transmit given power.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a VSC main circuit, wherein R issiAnd LsiRespectively representing the equivalent resistance and the equivalent inductance of the alternating current side of the ith VSC; u shapesi、Isi、UciDenotes the ith VGrid-connected voltage, grid-connected current and output voltage at the SC alternating current side; psiAnd QsiThe active power and the reactive power of the ith VSC alternating current side are represented; ri、Li、CiRepresenting the line resistance, line inductance and direct current capacitance of the ith VSC direct current side; u shapei、Idci、Pdci、UdcIndicating the i-th VSC dc side voltage, the dc current, the dc power and the dc bus voltage.
In a distributed energy and user alternating current and direct current power distribution and utilization system, if VSCN is taken as a main station, a constant direct current voltage control mode is adopted, and the corresponding direct current capacitance value is generally configured to be higher so as to ensure that the direct current voltage is constant; and the other converter stations such as VSC1 and VSC2 are used as slave stations and adopt a constant power control mode.
FIG. 3 is a constant voltage control structure, wherein U* dc、U* sdRespectively represent UdcAnd UsdA reference value of (d); i isdi、IqiIs represented bysiD-q axis component of (I)di,ref、Iqi,refRespectively represent Idi、IqiA reference value of (d); u shapesdi、UsqiRepresents UsiD-q axis component of (a); u shapecdi、UcqiRepresents UciThe d-q axis component of (a).
Figure BDA0002849897750000041
Parameters of a direct current outer loop controller are obtained;
Figure BDA0002849897750000042
parameters of the alternating current outer ring controller;
Figure BDA0002849897750000043
active current controller parameters;
Figure BDA0002849897750000044
are reactive current controller parameters.
FIG. 4 is a constant power control structure, where P* si、Q* siRespectively represent PsiAnd QsiA reference value of (d); i isdi、IqiIs represented bysiD-q axis component of (I)di,ref、Iqi,refRespectively represent Idi、IqiA reference value of (d); u shapesdi、UsqiRepresents UsiD-q axis component of (a); u shapecdi、UcqiRepresents UciThe d-q axis component of (a).
Figure BDA0002849897750000045
Active power controller parameters;
Figure BDA0002849897750000046
is a reactive power controller parameter;
Figure BDA0002849897750000047
active current controller parameters;
Figure BDA0002849897750000048
are reactive current controller parameters.
In addition, setting C represents a dc bus capacitance; pload，PDG，PiAnd respectively representing the direct current load power at the direct current bus, the output power of the distributed energy source and the equivalent power absorbed by the slave station i. For analysis, the bus bulk power was aggregated to PbusIs shown by Pbus＝(Pload-PDG)。
The method according to an embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and (3) constructing equivalent impedance of the single slave station.
In an equivalent circuit of an alternating current-direct current power distribution system, a slave station adopts a constant power control model to transmit given power, the equivalent is constant power load, ZnIs an equivalent impedance of the slave station VSCn, UdcIs a DC bus voltage inIs a direct side current from the station VSCn, then ZnSatisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002849897750000051
in the formula Ln、Rn、CnRespectively a slave VSCn DC side line inductor, a DC side line resistor, a DC side capacitor Req,nIs the slave VSCn equivalent constant power impedance, and s is the operator.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002849897750000052
Unfor steady-state voltage, P, from the DC side of the station VSCnnIs the power of the slave VSCn.
According to an embodiment of the invention, taking slave VSC1 as an example, Z1For slave VSC1 equivalent impedance, UdcIs a DC bus voltage i1Is the direct current from the VSC1 side, then Z1Satisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002849897750000053
in the formula L1、R1、C1Respectively being slave VSC1 direct current side line inductance, direct current side line resistance, direct current side capacitance, Req,1Is the slave VSC1 equivalent constant power impedance.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002849897750000054
U1for steady-state voltage, P, from the DC side of VSC11Is the power from the VSC 1.
The equivalent impedance construction of the other slave stations is similar.
The second step is that: and (4) constructing the equivalent impedance of the slave station.
Calculating single equivalent impedance of each slave station, and carrying out overall equivalence on each parallel slave station to obtain the overall equivalent impedance Z of the slave station, wherein the impedance Z satisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002849897750000055
in the formula Z1、Z2、Zn、ZN-1Equivalent impedances of the slave VSC1, the slave VSC2, the slave VSCn and the slave VSCN-1 are respectively, and N-1 is the total number of the slaves.
The third step: and (5) constructing a master station transfer function.
Obtaining an open-loop transfer function G of the main station according to the structures of a power controller and a current controller of the AC/DC interconnected converter stationvsc(s) satisfying:
Figure BDA0002849897750000061
in the formula
Figure BDA0002849897750000062
Figure BDA0002849897750000063
Is a scaling factor of the outer loop of the voltage,
Figure BDA0002849897750000066
as a voltage outer loop integral parameter, LsN、RsN、UsN、PsN0Is a main station VSCN AC side inductor, an AC side resistor, an AC side voltage and an AC side steady-state power, UNIs the steady-state voltage of the direct current side of the main station.
The fourth step: and (5) constructing the overall transfer function of the system.
Connecting the integral equivalent impedance Z of the slave station with the equivalent impedance of the DC load in parallel, accessing the DC line at the master station side, and connecting the obtained equivalent impedance with the DC line Gvsc(s) are connected in series to obtain a system integral transfer function G(s) which meets the following requirements:
Figure BDA0002849897750000064
in the formula RN、LN、CNRespectively is a main station VSCN direct current side line resistor, a direct current side line inductor and a direct current side lineC is a direct current bus capacitor,
Figure BDA0002849897750000065
the fifth step: and D, carrying out frequency domain analysis on the output of the step four, and exploring a system stability mechanism.
And drawing a bode diagram of the transfer function according to the whole system transfer function G(s).
When the phase angle margin Pm is less than 0 degrees, the system is unstable;
when the phase angle margin Pm is larger than 0 degree, the system is stable.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, but various changes may be apparent to those skilled in the art, and it is intended that all inventive concepts utilizing the inventive concepts set forth herein be protected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and limited by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A star-shaped alternating current and direct current power distribution system operation stability analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first step is as follows: constructing the equivalent impedance of a single slave station: establishing equivalent impedance of a single slave station according to an equivalent circuit of the alternating current and direct current power distribution system, and using the equivalent impedance as the input of the step two;
the second step is that: and (3) constructing the integral equivalent impedance of the slave station: establishing parallel integral equivalent impedance of N-1 slave stations according to an equivalent circuit of the alternating current and direct current power distribution system, and taking the parallel integral equivalent impedance as the input of the step four;
the third step: constructing a master station transfer function: establishing a first transfer function of a direct-current voltage control loop of the main station according to the structures of a power controller and a current controller of the voltage source type converter station, and taking the first transfer function as the input of the step four;
the fourth step: constructing a system integral transfer function: connecting the parallel equivalent impedance of the N-1 slave stations in the second step with the equivalent impedance of the direct current load in parallel, accessing a direct current line on the master station side, connecting the obtained equivalent impedance with the first transfer function in the third step in series, establishing a second transfer function of the whole system, and taking the second transfer function as the input of the fifth step;
the fifth step: and D, carrying out frequency domain analysis on the second transfer function in the step four, and researching the operation mechanism of the system.
2. The method for analyzing the operation stability of the star-shaped alternating current and direct current power distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the first step of constructing equivalent impedances of the single slave station specifically comprises the following steps:
in an equivalent circuit of an alternating current-direct current power distribution system, a slave station adopts a constant power control model to transmit given power, the equivalent is constant power load, ZnIs an equivalent impedance of the slave station VSCn, UdcIs a DC bus voltage inIs a direct side current from the station VSCn, then ZnSatisfies the following conditions:
Figure FDA0002849897740000011
in the formula Ln、Rn、CnRespectively a slave VSCn DC side line inductor, a DC side line resistor, a DC side capacitor Req,nIs the slave VSCn equivalent constant power impedance, and s is the operator.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002849897740000012
Unfor steady-state voltage, P, from the DC side of the station VSCnnIs the power of the slave VSCn.
3. The method for analyzing the operation stability of the star-shaped AC/DC power distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the second step: the method for constructing the integral equivalent impedance of the slave station specifically comprises the following steps:
carrying out integral equivalence on each parallel slave station to obtain integral equivalent impedance Z of the slave station, and satisfying the following conditions:
Figure FDA0002849897740000021
in the formula Z1、Z2、Zn、ZN-1Equivalent impedances of the slave VSC1, the slave VSC2, the slave VSCn and the slave VSCN-1 are respectively, and N-1 is the total number of the slaves.
4. The method for analyzing the operation stability of the star-shaped alternating current and direct current power distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the third step of constructing the master station transfer function specifically comprises the following steps of:
according to the power controller and current controller structure of the voltage source type converter station, a first transfer function, namely an open-loop transfer function G, of a direct-current voltage control loop of the main station is obtainedvsc(s) satisfying:
Figure FDA0002849897740000022
in the formula
Figure FDA0002849897740000023
Figure FDA0002849897740000024
Is a scaling factor of the outer loop of the voltage,
Figure FDA0002849897740000027
as a voltage outer loop integral parameter, LsN、RsN、UsN、PsN0Is a main station VSCN AC side inductor, an AC side resistor, an AC side voltage and an AC side steady-state power, UNIs the steady-state voltage of the direct current side of the main station.
5. The method for analyzing the operation stability of the star-shaped alternating current and direct current power distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the fourth step of constructing the overall transfer function of the system specifically comprises:
connecting the integral equivalent impedance Z of the slave station with the equivalent impedance of the DC load in parallel, accessing the DC line at the master station side, and connecting the obtained equivalent impedance with the DC line Gvsc(s) serially connecting to obtain a second transfer function G(s) of the whole system, and satisfying:
Figure FDA0002849897740000025
in the formula RN、LN、CNRespectively a main station VSCN direct current side line resistor, a direct current side line inductor and a direct current side capacitor, C is a direct current bus capacitor,
Figure FDA0002849897740000026
Pbusthe integral power of the direct current bus is obtained.
6. The method for analyzing the operation stability of the star-shaped alternating current and direct current power distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the fifth step: performing frequency domain analysis on the second transfer function G(s) of the whole system in the step four, and exploring the system stability mechanism, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
drawing a bode diagram of the transfer function according to the whole transfer function G(s) of the system,
when the phase angle margin Pm is less than 0 degrees, the system is unstable;
when the phase angle margin Pm is larger than 0 degree, the system is stable.
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