CN112635813B - Ultralow temperature lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultralow temperature lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112635813B CN112635813B CN202011420626.XA CN202011420626A CN112635813B CN 112635813 B CN112635813 B CN 112635813B CN 202011420626 A CN202011420626 A CN 202011420626A CN 112635813 B CN112635813 B CN 112635813B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-low temperature lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, the lithium ion battery mainly comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a ceramic diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery shell, the lithium ion battery is prepared by combining and laminating or winding the positive plate, the ceramic diaphragm, the negative plate and the ceramic diaphragm, then putting the positive plate, the ceramic diaphragm, the negative plate and the ceramic diaphragm into the battery shell, injecting the electrolyte, opening the battery shell for formation, sealing and grading, and S1, preparing the positive plate; s2, preparing a negative plate; s3, preparing a ceramic diaphragm, and S4, preparing electrolyte; s5, preparing a dry battery cell; s6, preparing a battery shell: the battery case comprises an inner case and an outer case, a buffer space is formed between the inner case and the outer case, the interior of the buffer space is in a vacuum state, and a case framework for isolating and supporting the inner case and the outer case is arranged in the buffer space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of secondary lithium ion batteries, in particular to an ultralow temperature lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in the market due to their advantages of long cycle life, no memory effect, low self-discharge rate, safety, reliability, and environmental friendliness. And when the material is used in an ultralow temperature environment of-40 to-50 ℃, the requirements of high-voltage and heavy-current charge and discharge are difficult to meet, and the charge and discharge capacity at ultralow temperature is difficult to improve.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide an ultra-low temperature lithium ion battery and a method for manufacturing the same, which solves one or more of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of an ultralow temperature lithium ion battery, which is applied to an ultralow temperature working environment of-40 ℃ to-50 ℃ and comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a ceramic diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery shell, wherein a dry battery core is formed by combining and laminating or winding the positive plate, the ceramic diaphragm, the negative plate and the ceramic diaphragm, the lithium ion battery is prepared by putting the dry battery core into the battery shell, injecting the electrolyte, opening the battery shell, forming, sealing and grading, and the innovation points are that: the method comprises the following specific steps
S1, preparing a positive plate: the active material of the positive plate is any one of lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate;
s2, preparing a negative plate: the active material of the negative plate is one or the combination of more than two of mesocarbon microbeads, artificial graphite, lithium titanate and silicon carbon negative electrodes;
s3, preparing a ceramic diaphragm: the ceramic diaphragm is a nano microporous ceramic diaphragm with high mechanical strength and strong thermal stability;
s4, preparing electrolyte: the electrolyte is prepared by mixing lithium salt and an organic solvent with low viscosity and low melting point, wherein the organic solvent is carbonic ester or carboxylic ester;
s5, preparing a dry battery cell: when the dry battery cell is laminated or wound, the number of laminated or wound design layers is 2-5 times of the number of design layers of a conventional lithium ion battery, the surface of the dry battery cell is wrapped with a heat insulation material, and a reserved tab of the dry battery cell extends to the outer side of the heat insulation material;
s6, preparing a battery shell: the battery case includes inner shell and shell, forms buffer space between inner shell and the shell, and buffer space's inside is vacuum state, and buffer space's inside is equipped with the shell skeleton of isolation support inner shell, and the raw and other materials of shell skeleton preparation include: any one or the combination of more than two of silicon dioxide aerogel, polyurethane, phenolic aldehyde and graphite polyphenyl.
Further, the heat insulation material is any one of nano silica aerogel, polyurethane, phenolic aldehyde and graphite polyphenyl.
Further, the lithium salt is any one or the combination of more than two of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis (oxalate) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalate) borate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium trifluoromethyl (sulfonyl) imide and lithium trifluoromethyl (sulfonyl) imide; the carbonate is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate; the carboxylic ester is one or more of methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and delta-valerolactone.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the inner shell and the inner wall of the outer shell are both coated with radiation-proof heat-insulating coatings, and the main components of the radiation-proof heat-insulating coatings are any one of nano-silica aerogel, polyurethane, phenolic aldehyde and graphite polyphenyl.
Further, a vacuum sealing element is arranged at the bottom of the battery shell and communicated with the interior of the buffer space, and the vacuum sealing element comprises an annular supporting notch, a vacuum air nozzle, an air nozzle sealing ring, a sealing screw piece and a screw piece sealing ring;
the annular support notch is in seamless welding combination with the bottom of the battery shell and comprises an inner annular support platform and an outer annular support platform, the inner annular support platform is used for supporting a vacuum air nozzle and an air nozzle sealing ring, and the outer annular support platform is used for supporting a sealing spiral piece and a spiral piece sealing ring;
the outer side of the vacuum air nozzle is provided with a polygonal outer waist bulge, one end of the outer waist bulge, which is butted with the inner annular supporting platform, is provided with an inner thread screw thread, an air nozzle sealing ring is sleeved around the outer side of the inner thread screw thread, the vacuum air nozzle comprises an air transition bin, the spring is arranged in the gas transition bin, the gas needle is sleeved at the center of the spring, mushroom covers are arranged at the inner end and the outer end of the gas needle, gas holes are formed in the inner end and the outer end of the gas transition bin, the inner end of the spring is fixed at the inner end of the gas transition bin, the inner end of the gas needle penetrates out of the inner end of the gas transition bin, the gas holes in the inner end of the gas transition bin are communicated with the inside of the buffer space, the mushroom covers in the inner end of the gas needle are located in the buffer space, the outer end of the spring is arranged at the outer end of the gas transition bin and fixed with the mushroom covers at the outer end of the gas needle, and the mushroom covers at the outer end of the gas needle are plugged in the gas holes in the outer end of the gas transition bin;
one end of the sealing screw piece is provided with a special polygonal groove for opening and closing, the side edge of the sealing screw piece is provided with an outer screw thread matched with the outer annular supporting platform when the sealing screw piece is connected, and the screw piece sealing ring is arranged on the outer side of the outer screw thread.
Furthermore, the spiral piece sealing ring is made of high polymer glue with good toughness and elasticity.
Further, the preparation method of the nano microporous ceramic diaphragm comprises the following steps: coating the front surface and the back surface of the ceramic diaphragm with the nano alumina coating, and removing a solvent in the alumina coating by means of a vacuum baking oven to obtain the nano microporous ceramic diaphragm, wherein the thickness of the nano microporous ceramic diaphragm is 6-30 um.
Further, the battery case is in any one of a square shape and a cylindrical shape, and is made of any one of steel, aluminum and aluminum plastic.
The invention also relates to an ultralow temperature lithium ion battery prepared by the method, which is applied to an ultralow temperature working environment of-40 to-50 ℃.
Has the advantages that:
1. the number of laminated or wound design layers of the dry battery cell is preferably 2-5 times of the number of conventional design layers, so that the excessive rapid conduction of heat energy on the surface of a pole piece of the lithium ion battery out of the battery cell is facilitated to be slowed down when the lithium ion battery works; for example: when the number of laminated sheets or wound layers of the conventional lithium ion battery is designed according to the capacity of 5Ah, the number of laminated sheets or wound layers is designed according to the capacity of 10-25 Ah, and when the conventional lithium ion battery works under the same ultralow temperature environment with the same charging current and discharging current, the charging and discharging capacity of 1 battery is far higher than the sum of the charging and discharging capacities of 2-5 conventional batteries.
2. The dry battery cell is wrapped by preferably adopting the heat insulation material, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulation material is less than 0.035W/(m.K), so that the heat in the battery cell is greatly reduced to be dissipated in a conduction and convection mode.
3. By preferably coating the outer wall of the inner case and the inner wall of the outer case with the radiation-proof thermal insulation coating, the heat energy can be more effectively prevented from being transferred from the inner case to the outer case of the battery case in a radiation manner.
4. Keep apart inner shell and shell through preferred shell skeleton, effectively avoided arousing inner shell, shell deformation and touching and lead to heat energy to outwards pass because of the negative pressure effort.
5. Through the secondary sealing function of the optimized vacuum sealing structure, the space between the inner shell and the outer shell is more favorable for maintaining a stable vacuum state, and air outside the battery is prevented from entering the interior of the battery to form mesons for heat energy transfer.
6. In combination with the above preferences, the present invention effectively prevents the heat generated inside the lithium ion battery from being transferred outside the lithium ion battery in a conduction, convection and radiation manner, and retains the heat inside the battery to the maximum extent, so that the heat can overcome Li+Inertness in very low temperature environments, exciting Li+The activity of the lithium ion battery improves the charge and discharge platform and the charge and discharge multiplying power of the lithium ion battery in an ultralow temperature environment, and realizes the promotion of the charge and discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery in the ultralow temperature environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a cylindrical lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the bottom of the cylindrical lithium ion battery case according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a square lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the bottom of the square lithium ion battery case of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion D of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of low-temperature discharge retention of a lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph of low-temperature discharge retention of a conventional lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of an ultralow temperature lithium ion battery, as shown in figures 1 to 5, the lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a ceramic diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery shell 1, a dry battery core 2 is formed by combining, laminating or winding the positive plate, the ceramic diaphragm, the negative plate and the ceramic diaphragm, the lithium ion battery is prepared by putting the dry battery core 2 into the battery shell 1, injecting the electrolyte, opening, forming, sealing and grading, and the specific steps are as follows:
s1, preparing a positive plate: the active material of the positive plate is any one of lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate;
s2, preparing a negative plate: the active material of the negative plate is one or the combination of more than two of mesocarbon microbeads, artificial graphite, lithium titanate and silicon carbon negative electrodes;
s3, preparing a ceramic diaphragm: the ceramic diaphragm is a nano microporous ceramic diaphragm with high mechanical strength and strong thermal stability;
s4, preparing electrolyte: the electrolyte is prepared by mixing lithium salt and an organic solvent with low viscosity and low melting point, wherein the organic solvent is carbonic ester or carboxylic ester;
s5, preparing a dry battery cell 2: when the dry cell 2 is stacked or wound, the number of stacked or wound design layers is 2-5 times of the number of design layers of a conventional lithium ion battery, the surface of the dry cell 2 is wrapped with a heat insulation material 3, and a reserved tab of the dry cell 2 extends to the outer side of the heat insulation material 3;
s6, preparing a battery shell 1: the battery case 1 comprises an inner case 11 and an outer case 12, a buffer space 4 is formed between the inner case 11 and the outer case 12, the inside of the buffer space 4 is in a vacuum state, a case skeleton 41 for isolating and supporting the inner case 11 and the outer case 12 is arranged inside the buffer space 4, and raw materials prepared by the case skeleton 41 comprise: any one or the combination of more than two of silicon dioxide aerogel, polyurethane, phenolic aldehyde and graphite polyphenyl.
In the present invention, the thermal insulation material 3 is any one of nano silica aerogel, polyurethane, phenol formaldehyde, and graphite polyphenyl.
In the invention, the lithium salt is any one or the combination of more than two of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis (oxalate) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalate) borate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium trifluoromethyl (sulfonyl) imide and lithium trifluoromethyl (sulfonate); the carbonate is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate; the carboxylic ester is one or more of methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and delta-valerolactone.
In the present invention, the outer wall of the inner shell 11 and the inner wall of the outer shell 12 are both coated with a radiation-proof heat-insulating coating, and the main component of the radiation-proof heat-insulating coating is any one of nano silica aerogel, polyurethane, phenolic aldehyde, and graphite polyphenyl.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, a vacuum sealing member 101 is disposed at the bottom of the battery case 1, the vacuum sealing member 101 is communicated with the inside of the buffer space 4, and the vacuum sealing member 101 includes an annular supporting recess 5, a vacuum nozzle 6, a nozzle sealing ring, a sealing screw piece 8 and a screw piece sealing ring;
the annular supporting notch 5 is in seamless welding combination with the bottom of the battery shell 1, the annular supporting notch 5 comprises an inner annular supporting platform 51 and an outer annular supporting platform 52, the inner annular supporting platform 51 is used for supporting the vacuum air nozzle 6 and the air nozzle sealing ring, and the outer annular supporting platform 52 is used for supporting the sealing spiral piece 8 and the spiral piece sealing ring;
the outer side of the vacuum air tap 6 is provided with a polygonal outer waist protrusion 102, one end of the outer waist protrusion 102, which is in butt joint with the inner annular supporting platform 51, is provided with an inner thread screw thread 103, an air tap sealing ring is sleeved on the outer side of the inner thread screw thread 103 in an encircling manner, the vacuum air tap 6 comprises an air transition bin 61, a spring 62 arranged inside the air transition bin 61 and an air needle 63 sleeved at the central position of the spring 62, mushroom covers 631 are arranged at the inner end and the outer end of the air needle 63, air holes are arranged at the inner end and the outer end of the air transition bin 61, the inner end of the spring 62 is fixed at the inner end of the air transition bin 61, the inner end of the air needle 63 penetrates out of the inner end of the air transition bin 61, the air hole at the inner end of the air transition bin 61 is communicated with the inner part of the buffer space 4, the mushroom cover 631 at the inner end of the air needle 63 is positioned inside the buffer space 4, the outer end of the spring 62 is arranged at the outer end of the air transition bin 61 and fixed with the mushroom cover 631 of the air needle 63, the mushroom cover 631 at the outer end of the air needle 63 plugs the air hole at the outer end of the air transition bin 61;
one end of the sealing screw sheet 8 is provided with a special opening and closing multi-angle groove 105, the side edge of the sealing screw sheet 8 is provided with an outer screw thread 104 matched with the outer ring-shaped supporting platform 52 when being connected, and the screw sheet sealing ring is arranged on the outer side of the outer screw thread 104.
In the present invention, the vacuum nozzle 6 and the inner ring-shaped support platform 51 are fixed as follows: the air tap sealing ring is sleeved outside an inner screw thread 103 of the vacuum air tap 6 in an encircling manner, an outer waist bulge 102 of the vacuum air tap 6 is sleeved by using a special multi-groove sleeve, and the vacuum air tap 6 is screwed, so that the vacuum air tap 6, the air tap sealing ring and the inner annular supporting platform 51 are tightly closed.
In the present invention, the seal flight 8 and outer annular support platform 52 are secured as follows: the spiral piece sealing ring is placed at the outer annular supporting platform 52, a special polygonal wrench is used for sleeving the polygonal groove 105, and the sealing spiral piece 8 is pressed on the spiral piece sealing ring and simultaneously screwed into the outer annular supporting platform 52 to be tightly closed.
In the present invention, the operation principle of evacuating and sealing the buffer space 4 by the vacuum sealing member 101 is as follows: when the air in the buffer space 4 is sucked out in a negative pressure mode, the air needle 63 in the vacuum air nozzle 6 and the mushroom cover 631 at the outer end are ejected outwards due to the suction force, the air hole at the outer end of the air transition bin 61 is opened, and the air is discharged through the air transition bin 61; stopping sucking air when the air pressure between the inner shell 11 and the outer shell 12 reaches a preset negative pressure range (-0.05 to-0.1 Mpa), resetting the air needle 63 in the vacuum air nozzle 6 and the mushroom cover 631 at the outer end by virtue of the elastic force contracted by the spring 62, plugging the air hole at the outer end of the air transition bin 61 by the mushroom cover 631 at the outer end of the air needle 63, and simultaneously preventing external air from entering the air transition bin 61; and then the sealing screw sheet 8 is used for secondary sealing, so that a more effective sealing effect is achieved.
In the invention, the material of the spiral sheet sealing ring is high polymer glue with good toughness and elasticity.
In the invention, the preparation method of the nano microporous ceramic diaphragm comprises the following steps: coating the front surface and the back surface of the ceramic diaphragm with the nano alumina coating, and removing a solvent in the alumina coating by means of a vacuum baking oven to obtain the nano microporous ceramic diaphragm, wherein the thickness of the nano microporous ceramic diaphragm is 6-30 um.
In the present invention, the battery can 1 may be square or cylindrical, and the material of the battery can 1 may be steel, aluminum or aluminum-plastic.
As shown in fig. 6 to 7: FIG. 6 is a graph showing the capacity retention rate of the ultra-low temperature lithium ion battery prepared by the above method under the ultra-low temperature environment of-40 to-50 ℃ in the present invention, wherein the curve A shows the capacity retention rate of the battery at 25 ℃, the curve B shows the capacity retention rate of the battery at-40 ℃, and the curve C shows the capacity retention rate of the battery at-50 ℃.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the battery capacity retention rate of a conventional lithium ion battery under an ultra-low temperature environment of-40 to-50 ℃, wherein a curve a shows the battery capacity retention rate at 25 ℃, a curve b shows the battery capacity retention rate at-40 ℃, and a curve c shows the battery capacity retention rate at-50 ℃.
As can be seen from the comparison between fig. 6 and fig. 7, when the lithium ion battery is in an ultra-low temperature environment, the lithium ion battery prepared by the present invention has a significantly higher battery capacity retention rate than the conventional lithium ion battery.
The above description is only intended to represent one embodiment of the present invention, and the description is in detail, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several variations and modifications to the ultra-low temperature lithium ion battery without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these are all within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of an ultralow temperature lithium ion battery is applied to an ultralow temperature working environment of-40 to-50 ℃, the lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a ceramic diaphragm, electrolyte and a battery case (1), a dry battery core (2) is formed by combining and laminating or winding the positive plate, the ceramic diaphragm, the negative plate and the ceramic diaphragm, the lithium ion battery is put into the battery case (1) by the dry battery core (2), and the lithium ion battery is prepared by injecting the electrolyte, forming an opening, sealing and grading, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, preparing a positive plate: the active material of the positive plate is any one of lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate and lithium nickel cobalt manganate;
s2, preparing a negative plate: the active material of the negative plate is one or the combination of more than two of mesocarbon microbeads, artificial graphite, lithium titanate and a silicon-carbon negative electrode;
s3, preparing a ceramic diaphragm: the ceramic diaphragm is a nano microporous ceramic diaphragm with high mechanical strength and strong thermal stability;
s4, preparing electrolyte: the electrolyte is prepared by mixing lithium salt and an organic solvent with low viscosity and low melting point, wherein the organic solvent is carbonic ester or carboxylic ester;
s5, preparing a dry battery cell (2): when the dry cell (2) is stacked or wound, the number of stacked or wound design layers is 2-5 times that of the conventional lithium ion battery, the surface of the dry cell (2) is wrapped with a heat insulation material (3), and a reserved tab of the dry cell (2) extends to the outer side of the heat insulation material (3);
s6, preparation of battery case (1): the battery case (1) comprises an inner case (11) and an outer case (12), a buffer space (4) is formed between the inner case (11) and the outer case (12), the inside of the buffer space (4) is in a vacuum state, a case skeleton (41) for isolating and supporting the inner case (11) and the outer case (12) is arranged inside the buffer space (4), and raw materials prepared by the case skeleton (41) comprise: any one or the combination of more than two of silicon dioxide aerogel, polyurethane, phenolic aldehyde and graphite polyphenyl;
the outer wall of the inner shell (11) and the inner wall of the outer shell (12) are coated with radiation-proof heat-insulating coatings, and the main components of the radiation-proof heat-insulating coatings are any one of nano-silica aerogel, polyurethane, phenolic aldehyde and graphite polyphenyl;
the bottom of the battery shell (1) is provided with a vacuum sealing element (101), the vacuum sealing element (101) is communicated with the interior of the buffer space (4), and the vacuum sealing element (101) comprises an annular supporting notch (5), a vacuum air nozzle (6), an air nozzle sealing ring, a sealing spiral sheet (8) and a spiral sheet sealing ring;
the annular supporting notch (5) is in seamless welding combination with the bottom of the battery shell (1), the annular supporting notch (5) comprises an inner annular supporting platform (51) and an outer annular supporting platform (52), the inner annular supporting platform (51) is used for supporting a vacuum air nozzle (6) and an air nozzle sealing ring, and the outer annular supporting platform (52) is used for supporting a sealing screw piece (8) and a screw piece sealing ring;
the outer side of the vacuum air tap (6) is provided with a polygonal outer waist protrusion (102), the outer waist protrusion (102) and one end, butted with the inner annular supporting platform (51), of the outer annular supporting platform are provided with an inner threaded screw (103), an air tap sealing ring is sleeved on the outer side of the inner threaded screw (103), the vacuum air tap (6) comprises a gas transition bin (61), a spring (62) arranged inside the gas transition bin (61) and a gas needle (63) sleeved at the central position of the spring (62), mushroom covers (631) are arranged at the inner end and the outer end of the gas needle (63), air holes are formed in the inner end and the outer end of the gas transition bin (61), the inner end of the spring (62) is fixed at the inner end of the gas transition bin (61), the inner end of the gas needle (63) penetrates out of the outer end of the gas transition bin (61), the air hole at the inner end of the gas transition bin (61) is communicated with the inner part of the buffer space (4), the mushroom cover (631) at the inner end of the air needle (63) is positioned in the buffer space (4), the outer end of the spring (62) is arranged at the outer end of the air transition bin (61) and is fixed with the mushroom cover (631) at the outer end of the air needle (63), and the mushroom cover (631) at the outer end of the air needle (63) seals the air hole at the outer end of the air transition bin (61);
one end of the sealing spiral piece (8) is provided with a special multi-angle groove (105) for opening and closing, the side edge of the sealing spiral piece (8) is provided with an outer thread (104) matched with the outer annular supporting platform (52) during connection, and the spiral piece sealing ring is arranged on the outer side of the outer thread (104).
2. The method for preparing an ultra-low temperature lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat insulation material (3) is any one of nano silicon dioxide aerogel, polyurethane, phenolic aldehyde and graphite polyphenyl.
3. The method for preparing an ultra-low temperature lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lithium salt is any one or the combination of more than two of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis (oxalate) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalate) borate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium trifluoromethyl (sulfonyl) imide and lithium trifluoromethyl (sulfonate); the carbonate is any one or the combination of more than two of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate; the carboxylic ester is any one or combination of more than two of methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, gamma-butyrolactone and delta-valerolactone.
4. The method for preparing an ultra-low temperature lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spiral piece sealing ring is made of high polymer glue with good toughness and elasticity.
5. The method for preparing an ultra-low temperature lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the nano microporous ceramic diaphragm comprises the following steps: coating nanometer alumina coating on the positive and negative both sides of ceramic diaphragm to with the help of the solvent in the vacuum baking oven removal alumina coating, obtain nanometer micropore ceramic diaphragm, nanometer micropore ceramic diaphragm's thickness is 6 ~ 30 um.
6. The method for preparing an ultra-low temperature lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the battery case (1) is in any one of a square shape and a cylindrical shape, and the battery case (1) is made of any one of steel, aluminum and aluminum plastic.
7. An ultra-low temperature lithium ion battery prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, which is applied to an ultra-low temperature working environment of-40 to-50 ℃.
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