CN112632824B - Multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray design method - Google Patents
Multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of thermal tests, and particularly relates to a multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray design method which comprises the steps of S1, selecting a spray section in a low-temperature pipeline as a calculation model, wherein an inlet of the spray section is positioned at the upstream position of a multi-nozzle outlet in a real model; step S2, carrying out mesh division on the calculation model; s3, constructing a liquid nitrogen spray model, wherein the liquid nitrogen spray model calculates a continuous phase and a liquid nitrogen droplet discrete phase in a pipeline based on test parameters of each given nozzle array scheme to obtain a section cooling curve of a spray section pipeline; and step S4, selecting a nozzle array scheme according to the cooling curve. This application is through the liquid nitrogen spraying cooling simulation of many nozzle arrays in the low temperature pipeline, gives the flow distribution mode of arranging scheme and each nozzle of many nozzle arrays, has improved liquid nitrogen utilization ratio and temperature control precision for the test cycle has reduced test cost.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of thermal tests, and particularly relates to a multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray design method.
Background
In a cabin cover heating loading fatigue test of an airplane, a test piece of a cabin cover needs to be cooled, usually, a nozzle is adopted in a low-temperature pipeline to cool air in the pipeline, and then low-temperature heat exchange is carried out between low-temperature gas in the pipeline and the cabin cover test piece, so that the cooling load spectrum of a cabin cover testing machine is realized. However, in a common low-temperature test, the pressure capacity of a nitrogen cylinder limits, so that the flow of liquid nitrogen is not large enough when a single nozzle is adopted, the cooling effect in a low-temperature pipeline is not ideal, the temperature of air in the pipeline is difficult to reduce, and the temperature of a cabin cover test piece cannot realize a cooling load spectrum; too many nozzles can cause mutual interference and collision among liquid nitrogen droplets sprayed by the nozzles, so that the temperature control effect in a pipeline is not ideal and the temperature control precision is influenced; on one hand, the unreasonable arrangement scheme of the multi-nozzle array can reduce the utilization rate of liquid nitrogen, waste of liquid nitrogen resources is caused, and the calculation cost of the test is increased; on the other hand, the uniformity of the air temperature field of the section in the pipeline is poor, and the convection heat exchange performance of the test piece and the low-temperature gas in the pipeline is reduced.
In addition, in the same arrangement scheme of the multi-nozzle array, different cooling effects can be generated due to different flow distribution modes of the nozzles, and an unreasonable flow distribution mode can also cause a poor cooling effect and low temperature control accuracy, so that a reasonable calculation method needs to be adopted to design the arrangement scheme of the multi-nozzle array and provide a reasonable flow distribution mode of each nozzle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray design method, which mainly includes:
s1, selecting a spraying section in the low-temperature pipeline as a calculation model, wherein the inlet of the spraying section is at the upstream position of the multi-nozzle outlet in the real model;
step S2, carrying out mesh division on the calculation model;
s3, constructing a liquid nitrogen spray model, wherein the liquid nitrogen spray model calculates a continuous phase and a liquid nitrogen droplet discrete phase in a pipeline based on test parameters of each given nozzle array scheme to obtain a section cooling curve of a spray section pipeline;
and step S4, selecting a nozzle array scheme according to the cooling curve.
Preferably, in step S1, a front transition section having a length not less than twice the diameter of the inlet of the spraying section is provided in front of the spraying section, and a rear transition section having a length not less than twice the diameter of the outlet of the spraying section is provided in the rear of the spraying section.
Preferably, in step S1, the relative error between the wall surface area and the circumference of the pipe of the spray segment and the real model is controlled within 5%.
Preferably, in step S3, the continuous-phase low-temperature air in the pipeline is solved by the eulerian method, and the fluid flow process is calculated by using a turbulence equation; and (3) solving the time-related integral of a trajectory equation of the liquid drop by adopting a Lagrange method for the liquid nitrogen drop discrete phase of the liquid nitrogen spray.
Preferably, in step S3, the step of performing the discrete phase calculation of the liquid nitrogen droplet includes a collision process and an evaporation phase change process between liquid nitrogen droplets in a liquid nitrogen spraying process, where a collision result is determined according to a weber number of the collision droplet, a mass limit parameter and a temperature limit parameter are set in the evaporation process, and when an evaporation mass of the droplet is greater than the mass limit parameter of the droplet or a temperature change of the droplet is greater than the temperature limit parameter, a thermal-mass coupling equation is used to solve the droplet.
Preferably, in step S3, the test parameters for each nozzle array scheme given include: spray flow, liquid nitrogen temperature, and particle size distribution of liquid nitrogen droplets.
Preferably, the particle size distribution of the liquid nitrogen droplets is measured by a particle size analyzer, the obtained statistical test data of the particle size mass distribution are fitted, the related parameters of the particle size distribution in the spray model are obtained, and the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is obtained by measuring the temperature of the liquid nitrogen at the outlet of the nozzle by a low-temperature sensor; the flow of the liquid nitrogen is measured by a low-temperature flowmeter in a low-temperature test.
Preferably, in step S4, the selecting a nozzle array scheme according to the cooling curve includes:
and selecting a nozzle array scheme with a cooling effect meeting the requirement according to the cooling curve.
Preferably, in step S4, the selecting a nozzle array scheme according to the cooling curve includes:
and selecting a nozzle array scheme with the minimum temperature field distribution error of the spray section according to the cooling curve, and/or selecting a nozzle array scheme with the highest liquid nitrogen evaporation rate according to the cooling curve.
Preferably, step S4 is followed by further comprising:
and step S5, carrying out flow distribution on the selected nozzle array scheme, determining a test cooling scheme, and carrying out a test.
This application gives the flow distribution mode of the scheme of arranging and each nozzle of many nozzles array through the liquid nitrogen mist cooling simulation of many nozzles array in the low temperature pipeline, has improved liquid nitrogen utilization ratio and temperature control precision for test cycle has reduced test cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray design method of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the temperature field distribution error of the cross section of the spray according to various embodiments of the present application shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a four nozzle arrangement of the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application. Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for designing liquid nitrogen spray with multi-nozzle array of the present application mainly includes:
s1, selecting a spraying section in the low-temperature pipeline as a calculation model, wherein the inlet of the spraying section is at the upstream position of the multi-nozzle outlet in the real model;
step S2, carrying out mesh division on the calculation model;
s3, constructing a liquid nitrogen spray model, wherein the liquid nitrogen spray model calculates a continuous phase and a liquid nitrogen droplet discrete phase in a pipeline based on test parameters of each given nozzle array scheme to obtain a section cooling curve of a spray section pipeline;
and step S4, selecting a nozzle array scheme according to the cooling curve.
In step S1, a spray segment in the low-temperature pipeline is selected as a calculation model, where the calculation model does not include a real model of the multi-nozzle array, and the spray segment should ensure that an inlet of the segment of the pipeline is at an upstream position of an outlet of the multi-nozzle in the real model, that is, a cross section where the outlet of the nozzle is located cannot be an inlet of the spray segment in the calculation model, and the calculation model should also include a front transition section and a rear transition section of the spray segment to ensure sufficient development of fluid flow in the pipeline, and lengths of the front transition section and the rear transition section should be at least 2 times equivalent diameters of the inlet of the spray segment and the outlet of the spray segment. Effective geometric details should be kept in the model of the spraying section, details which have little influence on the calculation result should be simplified, and the principle of simplification is to ensure that the relative errors between the wall surface area and the perimeter of the pipeline and the real model are within 5 percent, and the appearance of the pipeline should be kept consistent.
Step S2 is to introduce the computational model obtained in step S1 into a fluid mesh partitioning program, and partition structured meshes into the program, where the structured meshes can not only significantly reduce the number of meshes and reduce the fluid computation amount, but also have relatively higher computation accuracy.
In some optional embodiments, in step S3, the continuous-phase low-temperature air in the pipeline is solved by using an euler method, and a fluid flow process is calculated by using a turbulence equation; and (3) solving the time-related integral of a trajectory equation of the liquid drop by adopting a Lagrange method for the liquid nitrogen drop discrete phase of the liquid nitrogen spray.
A liquid nitrogen spray model is created based on the spray segment fluid grid obtained in step S2 described above. A real model of the multi-nozzle array is not created in step S1, and a liquid nitrogen spray model is created in this step S3 in place of the spray effect of the real model of the nozzles. This is done on the one hand because the relevant parameters in the atomization model of the multi-nozzle array are measured parameters from a real cryogenic test, the given flow at the nozzle outlet of which is true and reasonable and thus consistent with the real situation; on the other hand, different types of nozzles have complicated internal structures, large calculation grid amount and high consumption of calculation resources, and are caused to have cavitation phenomenon inside the nozzles due to high-speed flow inside the nozzles and inevitable heat exchange between the outer surfaces of the nozzles and the external environment, and the cavitation model of the nozzles needs complicated tests to correct and correct at present, so that even if the real structure of the nozzles is considered, the calculated outlet flow of the nozzles is possibly not as good as the application of an atomization simplified model under the condition of no reasonable nozzle cavitation model, and further the calculation accuracy of liquid nitrogen spraying and the reasonability of scheme design are influenced.
The liquid nitrogen spraying model adopts a combination of an Eulerian method and a Lagrange method, wherein continuous phase low-temperature air in the pipeline is solved by adopting the Eulerian method, and a fluid flow process is analyzed by adopting a turbulence equation; and (3) solving the time-related integral of a trajectory equation of the liquid drop by adopting a Lagrange method for the liquid nitrogen drop discrete phase of the liquid nitrogen spray.
In some alternative embodiments, the created spray model in step S3 includes collision process and evaporation phase change process between liquid nitrogen droplets during liquid nitrogen spraying process. The collision results are divided into three types, namely rebound, coalescence and breakage of liquid nitrogen droplets, and are judged according to the Weber number of the collision droplets. In the evaporation process, a mass limiting parameter and a temperature limiting parameter are set, and when the evaporation mass of the liquid drop is larger than the mass limiting parameter of the liquid drop or the temperature change of the liquid drop is larger than the temperature limiting parameter, a thermal-mass coupling equation is required to be adopted for the liquid drop, so that the calculation and solving precision is improved.
In some alternative embodiments, in step S3, the spray flow rate of the liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen, and the particle size distribution of the liquid nitrogen droplets need to be set in the spray model. The parameters need to be tested by low-temperature tests aiming at different types of nozzles with different types and different pressures, wherein the particle size distribution of liquid nitrogen droplets needs to be precisely measured by a particle size analyzer, and the obtained particle size mass distribution statistical test data is fitted according to a reasonable particle size distribution formula to obtain the related parameters of the particle size distribution in the spray model. The temperature of the liquid nitrogen adopts the temperature of the liquid nitrogen at the outlet of the nozzle measured by a low-temperature sensor; the flow rate obtained by measuring the low-temperature flowmeter in the low-temperature test is adopted for the liquid nitrogen flow rate, and it is noted that in the same multi-nozzle array arrangement scheme, different flow rate distribution modes can be adopted for carrying out flow rate distribution on the multi-nozzles.
It should be further noted that, in step S3, continuous phase boundary conditions and discrete phase boundary conditions should also be set, specifically, the continuous phase boundary conditions: setting an inlet in the pipeline as a speed inlet boundary condition, and measuring and inputting the speed and the direction according to the flow of a fan in the test pipeline and a flow meter in the pipeline; outlet given pressure outlet boundary conditions; in the test, the pipe wall is wrapped by heat-insulating materials such as asbestos and the like to prevent heat exchange with the outside, so the boundary condition of the heat-insulating wall surface is adopted for the pipe wall. Discrete phase boundary conditions: there are three discrete phase boundary conditions for liquid nitrogen droplets. Respectively escape boundary conditions, reflection boundary conditions and capture boundary conditions. Liquid nitrogen droplets at the inlet and the outlet are set as escape boundary conditions, namely the droplets at the inlet and the outlet stop trajectory equation calculation, and the mass and the energy of the droplets have no influence on spray analysis; and adopting a reflection boundary condition for the liquid nitrogen droplets on the pipe wall, wherein the consumption of momentum in the reflection process of the liquid nitrogen droplets on the pipe wall is ignored, namely the reflection process only changes the speed direction of the liquid nitrogen droplets and does not change the speed of the droplets.
Because the liquid nitrogen spraying process is an abnormal thermal-mass phase change process, a transient method is adopted to carry out calculation, and the spraying time step length and the spraying time step number are set.
In some alternative embodiments, in step S4, selecting a nozzle array scheme according to the cooling curve includes:
(1) selecting a nozzle array scheme with a cooling effect meeting the requirement according to the cooling curve;
(2) and selecting a nozzle array scheme with the minimum temperature field distribution error of the spray section according to the cooling curve, and/or selecting a nozzle array scheme with the highest liquid nitrogen evaporation rate according to the cooling curve.
It should be noted that the condition (1) is a necessary condition, the cooling effect means whether the temperature after cooling the pipeline is lower than the temperature required by the test, if not, other nozzle array schemes need to be verified again, the condition (2) includes two conditions which are selectable, and on the basis of meeting the condition (1), the temperature field distribution error of the spray section after cooling is selected to be lower, as shown in fig. 2, the abscissa is the distance, the ordinate is the temperature, and the difference between the temperature close to the nozzle and the temperature far away from the nozzle is better; or selecting the nozzle array scheme with the highest evaporation rate of the liquid nitrogen in the cooling process, or comprehensively selecting.
In some optional embodiments, step S4 is followed by:
and step S5, carrying out flow distribution on the selected nozzle array scheme, determining a test cooling scheme, and carrying out a test. According to the multi-nozzle arrangement scheme determined in step S4, the flow distribution of each nozzle in the multi-nozzle is given, in this example, equal flow distribution is adopted, the total flow is 0.09kg/S, and the flow of each nozzle is 0.0225kg/S, and then the test cooling scheme is determined, which can be used for carrying out the test. The four nozzle arrangement chosen is shown in figure 3.
The multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray calculation method can develop scheme design before a cooling test, obtain a reasonable multi-nozzle array arrangement scheme and a flow distribution scheme of each nozzle aiming at different test cooling requirements, improve the utilization rate of liquid nitrogen, improve the uniformity of a section temperature field in a low-temperature pipeline, enhance the heat convection capacity between air in the pipeline and a test piece, improve the test control precision, save the test cost and accelerate the test progress.
The multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray calculation method can be applied to tests with requirements on cooling, such as airplane canopy heating loading fatigue tests, structural high and low temperature tests, low-temperature wind tunnel tests and the like, and can be applied to cooling test requirements in related civil fields.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a spraying section in the low-temperature pipeline as a calculation model, wherein the inlet of the spraying section is at the upstream position of the multi-nozzle outlet in the real model;
step S2, carrying out mesh division on the calculation model;
s3, constructing a liquid nitrogen spray model, wherein the liquid nitrogen spray model calculates a continuous phase and a liquid nitrogen droplet discrete phase in a pipeline based on test parameters of each given nozzle array scheme to obtain a section cooling curve of a spray section pipeline;
s4, selecting a nozzle array scheme according to the cooling curve;
in step S1, a front transition section with a length not less than twice the diameter of the inlet of the spraying section is arranged in front of the spraying section, and a rear transition section with a length not less than twice the diameter of the outlet of the spraying section is arranged behind the spraying section.
2. The method for designing a multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the relative error between the wall surface area and the circumference of the pipeline of the spray section and the real model is controlled within 5%.
3. The method for designing liquid nitrogen spray with multi-nozzle arrays according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, continuous phase low-temperature air in the pipeline is solved by an euler method, and a turbulent equation is used to calculate the fluid flow process; and (3) solving the time-related integral of a trajectory equation of the liquid drop by adopting a Lagrange method for the liquid nitrogen drop discrete phase of the liquid nitrogen spray.
4. The method for designing multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the discrete phase calculation of liquid nitrogen droplets includes a collision process and an evaporation phase transition process between liquid nitrogen droplets in the liquid nitrogen spray process, wherein the collision result is determined according to the weber number of the collision droplets, in the evaporation process, a mass limit parameter and a temperature limit parameter are set, and when the evaporation mass of the droplets is greater than the mass limit parameter of the droplets or the temperature change of the droplets is greater than the temperature limit parameter, the droplets are solved by using a thermal-mass coupling equation.
5. The method for designing a multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the test parameters given to each nozzle array scheme include: spray flow, liquid nitrogen temperature, and particle size distribution of liquid nitrogen droplets.
6. The multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray design method of claim 5, wherein the particle size distribution of the liquid nitrogen droplets is measured by a particle size analyzer, and the obtained statistical test data of the particle size mass distribution is fitted to obtain the parameters related to the particle size distribution in the spray model, and the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is obtained by measuring the temperature of the liquid nitrogen at the outlet of the nozzle by a low temperature sensor; the flow of the liquid nitrogen is measured by a low-temperature flowmeter in a low-temperature test.
7. The method for designing the multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, selecting the nozzle array scheme according to the cooling curve includes:
and selecting a nozzle array scheme with a cooling effect meeting the requirement according to the cooling curve.
8. The method for designing the multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step S4, selecting the nozzle array scheme according to the cooling curve includes:
and selecting a nozzle array scheme with the minimum temperature field distribution error of the spray section according to the cooling curve, and/or selecting a nozzle array scheme with the highest liquid nitrogen evaporation rate according to the cooling curve.
9. The multi-nozzle array liquid nitrogen spray design method of claim 1, further comprising after step S4:
and step S5, carrying out flow distribution on the selected nozzle array scheme, determining a test cooling scheme, and carrying out a test.
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| CN105718681A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-29 | 长春理工大学 | Numerical simulation analysis method of valve element nozzle of servo valve |
| CN107871046A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-03 | 北京宇航系统工程研究所 | A kind of emulation mode of cryogenic propellant tank internal spraying blending |
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| CN105718681A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-29 | 长春理工大学 | Numerical simulation analysis method of valve element nozzle of servo valve |
| CN107871046A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-03 | 北京宇航系统工程研究所 | A kind of emulation mode of cryogenic propellant tank internal spraying blending |
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| 可调离心式喷嘴喷雾流场的数值模拟研究;许存娥等;《西北工业大学学报》;20070615(第03期);全文 * |
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