CN112630822A - OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method and system - Google Patents
OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method and system. The method comprises the following steps: sorting the original seismic data according to different azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain an OVT domain gather; decomposing instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase of the data in an OVT domain; selecting and processing a central surface element, and overlapping gathers in a certain spatial range of the central surface element based on an overlapping principle; and repeating the processing steps on all the central surface elements to obtain results of processing all the central surface elements, and reconstructing the output phase data and amplitude data. By sorting the original data into OVT channel sets with different offset distances and different azimuth angles and utilizing the signal correlation in the OVT channel sets, the effective weak reflection signals covered by noise are enhanced on the basis of phase preservation, the signal-to-noise ratio of prestack data is integrally improved, and the prestack channel sets, the superposition and the imaging section effects are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration, relates to a seismic data prestack preprocessing technology, and particularly relates to an OVT domain prestack seismic data processing method and system.
Background
With the development of seismic exploration technology, the exploration depth is gradually deepened. The imaging of the high-precision seismic waves of the ultra-deep complex oil and gas reservoir is a new exploration direction, and the core problem is to realize the in-phase superposition of the reflected waves of the deep target geologic body. The prestack data volume which is wide in frequency band, free of inter-channel static correction time difference and consistent in inter-channel wavelet characteristics, regular, free of alias sampling, free of (interlayer) multiples and high in signal-to-noise ratio is the basis for realizing the high-precision imaging of the ultra-deep reservoir target. According to the data observation mode of the target exploration area, noise caused by complex near-surface factors, inter-channel time difference of reflection in-phase axes, inter-channel inconsistency of reflection wavelet characteristics, data irregularity, high-frequency component loss, weak target layer reflection signals and the like, a proper data preprocessing flow, a QC method and a proper key technology combination are made as main starting points for processing the problems at present.
Due to the large exploration depth, the problems of weak effective signal energy and low signal-to-noise ratio are difficult problems in preprocessing. At present, the conventional seismic data prestack denoising technology mainly has two problems, namely, effective weak signals can be influenced while noise is removed; and secondly, effective fruits are collected on the prestack gather, but no obvious effect is produced on the stacking and imaging section.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for sorting seismic data into OVT (over-the-horizon) domains (OVT is called Offset Vector Tile, namely Vector Offset bin) aiming at the problems of weak reflection and low signal-to-noise ratio formed by deep complex underground structures.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing, the method comprising:
sorting the original seismic data according to different azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain an OVT domain gather;
decomposing instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase of the data in an OVT domain;
selecting and processing a central surface element, and overlapping gathers in a certain spatial range of the central surface element based on an overlapping principle;
and repeating the processing steps on all the central surface elements to obtain results of processing the central surface elements, and reconstructing the output phase data and amplitude data.
Specifically, grouping the original data by using a seismic data rose attribute map at different offset distances and azimuth angles;
and sorting the original seismic data according to each group of azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain a plurality of OVT domain channel sets.
Furthermore, the decomposition of OVT data phase and amplitude is realized in a complex field by using Hilbert transform.
Preferably, the hilbert mathematical expression is:
wherein xrIs time domain seismic data, tau is an auxiliary variable, xhIs the post-hubert transformed seismic data.
Preferably, the instantaneous amplitude expression is:
the instantaneous phase expression is:
further, the central surface element is subjected to relevant superposition, and a superposition result after normalization is obtained to serve as a processing result of the amplitude or phase data.
Further, the phase data and the amplitude data after the superposition are respectively
And
the reconstruction expression is then:
according to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing system, the system comprising:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
sorting the original seismic data according to different azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain an OVT domain gather;
decomposing instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase of the data in an OVT domain;
selecting and processing a central surface element, and overlapping gathers in a certain spatial range of the central surface element based on an overlapping principle;
and repeating the processing steps on all the central surface elements to obtain results of processing the central surface elements, and reconstructing the output phase data and amplitude data.
Furthermore, decomposition of OVT data phase and amplitude is realized in a complex field by using Hilbert transform, wherein a Hilbert mathematical expression is as follows:
wherein xrIs time domain seismic data, tau is an auxiliary variable, xhSeismic data after Hilbert transform;
the instantaneous amplitude is expressed as:
the instantaneous phase expression is:
further, the phase data and the amplitude data after the superposition are respectively
And
the reconstruction expression is then:
the invention provides a deep weak signal enhancement method based on an OVT domain, which is characterized in that original data are divided into OVT gathers with different offset distances and different azimuth angles, the OVT gathers have the same offset distance and azimuth angle information, the correlation among the data is enhanced, the data are decomposed by instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase in the OVT domain, the enhancement of weak signals is realized in a complex domain, the data after the amplitude enhancement of the weak signals and the data after the phase enhancement are reconstructed, effective weak reflection signals covered by noise are enhanced on the basis of the relative fidelity of the data, the signal-to-noise ratio of prestack data is integrally improved, and the prestack gathers, the superposition and the imaging section effects are obviously improved.
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The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in greater detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of an OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a rose diagram and an offset distribution diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figures 3a-3c show OVT field data sorting diagrams according to embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows processing a front (left) and back (right) CMP gather and velocity spectrum according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows a processed front (left) and back (right) overlap profile and a difference profile according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 shows a processed front (left) and back (right) overlay cross-section according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 shows a processed front (left) and back (right) overlay cross-section according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 shows a displayed difference profile after gain processing of existing commercial software.
Fig. 9 shows a processed front (left) and back (right) signal-to-noise ratio property profile according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 illustrates processing a front (left) and back (right) offset profile according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic data prestack preprocessing. The invention provides a deep weak signal enhancement method based on an OVT domain, aiming at the problems of weak reflection and low signal-to-noise ratio formed by a deep complex underground structure, the method is characterized in that original data are divided into OVT gathers with different offset distances and different azimuth angles, because the OVT gathers have the same offset distance and azimuth angle information, the correlation among data is enhanced, the data are decomposed by instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase in the OVT domain, the enhancement of weak signals is realized in a complex domain, the data after the amplitude enhancement of the weak signals and the data after the phase enhancement are reconstructed, effective weak reflection signals covered by noise are enhanced on the basis of the relative fidelity of the data, the signal-to-noise ratio of prestack data is integrally improved, and the prestack gather, the superposition and the imaging profile effects are obviously improved.
The OVT domain gather is a subset of a common center point domain and is a CMP single coverage profile gather considering an azimuth angle and an Offset distance, the OVT gather is sorted by dividing a rose diagram into concentric bins, the center of each bin corresponds to an azimuth angle and an Offset distance, namely the OVT gather, and adjacent tracks in the gather have strong correlation and are beneficial to the implementation of a weak signal enhancement algorithm.
According to the principle of the method, the realization process of the deep seismic data weak signal enhancement technology is as follows: and sorting the original seismic data according to different azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain an OVT domain gather. The OVT gathers have the same offset distance and azimuth angle information, so that the correlation among data is enhanced, the data are decomposed in an OVT domain by instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase, different processing bins are respectively selected for the phase data and the amplitude data as central bins, the gathers in a certain spatial range of the central bins are stacked on the basis of a stacking principle, and the enhancement of effective signals of the seismic data can be realized.
Firstly, the invention provides an OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method, which comprises the following steps:
sorting the original seismic data according to different azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain an OVT domain gather;
decomposing instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase of the data in an OVT domain;
selecting and processing a central surface element, and overlapping gathers in a certain spatial range of the central surface element based on an overlapping principle;
and repeating the processing steps on all the central surface elements to obtain results of processing the central surface elements, and reconstructing the output phase data and amplitude data.
As shown in fig. 1, the OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method according to the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
firstly: inputting a CMP gather, and then sorting the original seismic data according to different azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain an OVT domain gather.
Specifically, the original data can be grouped by different offset distances and azimuth angles by using a seismic data rose attribute map; and sorting the original seismic data according to each group of azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain a plurality of OVT gathers.
FIG. 2 is a rose diagram (top) and corresponding offset distribution plot (bottom) of a measured three-dimensional proboscis. Projecting a ring of the rose diagram to the offset distribution diagram to obtain a corresponding offset distribution value. Dividing the rose diagram into concentric bins, wherein the center of each bin corresponds to an azimuth angle and an offset distance, projecting each bin to a CDP domain, so that some CDPs have one or more channels, selecting a geometrically optimal channel according to comprehensive information such as the difference of the offset distances, the difference of the azimuth angles, the difference of the positions deviating from the center of the CDP and the like, forming a single section of the CDP domain, namely a sorted OVT channel set, and the adjacent channels in the channel set have strong correlation.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of OVT domain data extraction. Fig. 3a) is the raw data of one OVT, which is divided into grid data (as shown in fig. 3 b). In more than one pass of the grid, geometrically optimal tracks are selected based on the difference in offset, azimuth and off-center CDP positions to form a single cross-sectional gather of the CDP domain (fig. 3 c). The gather is an OVT gather with the same offset distance and azimuth angle, and the data is used as processing data for enhancing deep weak signals, so that the signal-to-noise ratio can be effectively improved, and the generation of false in-phase axes can be avoided.
Next, using hilbert transform to realize the decomposition of OVT data phase and amplitude in complex domain.
Specifically, the data is transformed to a complex domain by using Hilbert transform in an OVT gather domain, and the separation of phase and amplitude is realized. As shown in fig. 1, there may be divided into cosine phase gathers, sine phase gathers and instantaneous amplitude gathers.
Separating the data in a complex field by using a Hilbert mathematical expression as follows:
wherein xrIs time domain seismic data, tau is an auxiliary variable, xhIs the post-hubert transformed seismic data.
The instantaneous amplitude expression is then:
the instantaneous phase expression is:
the numerator of the cosine phase gather and sine phase gather expressions are different, but the angle solved by the cosine phase gather and the sine phase gather is the same. One of the cosine phase gathers and sine phase gathers may be selected for the solution of the angle.
Next, selecting a processing central surface element, performing relevant superposition on the central surface element within a certain spatial range (such as a line point number 3 x 3) of the data, and solving a normalized superposition result as a processing result of the amplitude or phase data. Specifically, the cosine phase trace set and the amplitude trace set are considered as traces of two different feature expressions of the same central bin. The processing of the two gathers may be the same: for example, in a 3 × 3 data volume, all the gathers at the same position in the CMP in the data volume are superposed in the same direction, the number of times of superposition is recorded, and then the number of times of superposition is divided into the number of times of superposition to be used as the output result of each trace of the central bin, so that the cosine phase gather and the amplitude gather processed by the central bin are finally obtained.
And finally, repeating the processing steps on all the central surface elements to obtain results of processing the central surface elements, reconstructing output phase data and amplitude data, and outputting a CMP gather to obtain a final weak signal enhanced result.
And performing in-phase correlation normalization stacking on the separated amplitude data and phase data in a certain local space range aiming at each surface element data, and finally reconstructing the amplitude and the phase of the data to obtain the seismic data after weak signal enhancement. Different processing surface elements are respectively selected for phase data and amplitude data to serve as central surface elements, and due to the fact that seismic data in the same OVT channel set have strong correlation, effective signals of the seismic data can be enhanced by the channel set in a certain space range of the central surface elements based on a stacking principle. The phase data and the amplitude data obtained after the weak signal enhancement processing are respectively
And
the reconstruction expression is:
according to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided an OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing system, the system comprising:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
sorting the original seismic data according to different azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain an OVT domain gather;
decomposing instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase of the data in an OVT domain;
selecting and processing a central surface element, and overlapping gathers in a certain spatial range of the central surface element based on an overlapping principle;
and repeating the processing steps on all the central surface elements to obtain results of processing the central surface elements, and reconstructing the output phase data and amplitude data.
Specifically, decomposition of OVT data phase and amplitude is realized in a complex domain by using hilbert transform, and a hilbert mathematical expression is as follows:
wherein xrIs time domain seismic data, tau is an auxiliary variable, xhSeismic data after Hilbert transform;
the instantaneous amplitude is expressed as:
the instantaneous phase expression is:
the phase data and the amplitude data after the superposition are respectively
And
the reconstruction expression is:
the invention provides a deep weak signal enhancement method based on an OVT domain for solving the problems of weak reflection and low signal-to-noise ratio formed by complex underground structures, which enhances effective weak reflection signals covered by noise on the basis of phase preservation by sorting original data into OVT channel sets with different offset distances and different azimuth angles and utilizing the signal correlation in the OVT channel sets, thereby integrally improving the signal-to-noise ratio of prestack data and obviously improving the prestack channel sets, superposition and imaging section effects.
To facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm and the processing effect on the actual data, the application processing of the actual data is performed.
As shown in fig. 4, the left side of the original pre-processing CMP data and the corresponding velocity spectrum show that the energy focusing property is better in the shallow velocity spectrum. The deep layer of the CMP gather has low signal-to-noise ratio due to weak information energy, and the velocity spectrum has poor energy focusing property in the deep velocity spectrum, so that the speed pickup and subsequent processing are not utilized; the right of fig. 4 is the CMP data processed by the present invention and the corresponding velocity spectrum, the energy focusing performance of the velocity spectrum at the deep position becomes significantly better, the continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the data in the CMP gather are both improved, and the weak hyperbolic event is revealed.
Fig. 5 shows that the left side of the cross section is a superimposed cross section obtained by superimposing all original CMP data in the work area, the middle is a new superimposed cross section obtained by processing according to the present invention, and the right side is a difference cross section of two cross sections before and after processing.
Fig. 6 shows the result of the superimposed section with the same gain and the same data energy level after the same gain is added, and the display can show the difference of the signal-to-noise ratio before and after the processing. Fig. 8 shows a difference profile displayed by commercial software, and gain processing is also performed, and the difference profile has no effective signal and reflects basic noise, thereby embodying the advancement of the invention.
To further illustrate the effect before and after processing, the overlap surface before and after processing is subjected to the quantitative analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio, and the signal-to-noise ratio attribute figure 9 illustrates that the overall signal-to-noise ratio is improved after processing, weak effective signals submerged by noise are enhanced, and the in-phase axis is more continuous. FIG. 10 is a cross-section of offset contrast, which is a pre-stack processing method, and the processing of the pre-stack gather also obtains good application effect on the offset imaging cross-section, the offset cross-section is improved to different degrees from the shallow to the deep signal-to-noise ratio, and the in-phase axis of the middle-deep layer target area is more clearly continuous.
The application result of the actual data shows that the method obtains better application effect on the pre-stack gather, the velocity spectrum, the stack profile, the signal-to-noise ratio attribute and the migration profile, overcomes the defects that the conventional method is only effective before the stack and has no obvious effect after the migration, and also shows that the method has good relative fidelity through quality monitoring in various ways, thereby having important significance on the development of fidelity processing and interpretation work, protecting weak effective signals in the seismic data from loss and effectively improving the quality of migration imaging.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or technical improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method, comprising:
sorting the original seismic data according to different azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain an OVT domain gather;
decomposing instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase of the data in an OVT domain;
selecting and processing a central surface element, and overlapping gathers in a certain spatial range of the central surface element based on an overlapping principle;
and repeating the processing steps on all the central surface elements to obtain results of processing all the central surface elements, and reconstructing the output phase data and amplitude data.
2. The OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method according to claim 1, wherein the raw data is grouped with different offsets and azimuths using a seismic data rose attribute map;
and sorting the original seismic data according to each group of azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain a plurality of OVT domain gathers.
3. The OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method according to claim 1, wherein decomposition of OVT data phase and amplitude is performed in a complex domain using hilbert transform.
4. The OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method according to claim 3, wherein the hilbert mathematical expression is:
wherein xrIs time domain seismic data, tau is an auxiliary variable, xhIs the post-hubert transformed seismic data.
5. The OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method according to claim 4, wherein the instantaneous amplitude expression is:
the instantaneous phase expression is:
6. the OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method according to claim 5, wherein a correlation stack is performed on a central bin, and a normalized stack result is obtained as a processing result of amplitude or phase data.
7. The OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing method of claim 6,
the phase data and the amplitude data after the superposition are respectively
And
the reconstruction expression is:
8. an OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing system, comprising:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
sorting the original seismic data according to different azimuth angles and offset distances to obtain an OVT domain gather;
decomposing instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase of the data in an OVT domain;
selecting and processing a central surface element, and overlapping gathers in a certain spatial range of the central surface element based on an overlapping principle;
and repeating the processing steps on all the central surface elements to obtain results of processing all the central surface elements, and reconstructing the output phase data and amplitude data.
9. The OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing system according to claim 8, wherein the decomposition of OVT data phase and amplitude is performed in the complex domain using hilbert transform, the hilbert mathematical expression being:
wherein xrIs time domain seismic data, tau is an auxiliary variable, xhSeismic data after Hilbert transform;
the instantaneous amplitude is expressed as:
the instantaneous phase expression is:
10. the OVT domain pre-stack seismic data processing system according to claim 9, wherein the post-stack phase data and amplitude data are each
And
the reconstruction expression is:
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