CN112629701A - Pipeline leakage monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology and leakage point positioning method - Google Patents
Pipeline leakage monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology and leakage point positioning method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
Abstract
The invention discloses a pipeline leakage monitoring system based on a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology and a leak point positioning method. When the four side optical fibers of the quadrilateral area monitor abnormal temperature, the quadrilateral area can be judged to be the area where the leakage point is located. The wiring mode of the invention greatly improves the positioning precision on a two-dimensional plane, and can accurately position the position of the leakage point in a square area consisting of four sections of optical fibers, thereby realizing the real-time monitoring of the middle and edge areas of the pipeline and the accurate positioning of the leakage point of the pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pipeline transportation, relates to a pipeline leakage monitoring technology for a pipeline corridor, and particularly relates to a pipeline leakage monitoring system and a leakage point positioning method based on a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology.
Background
The pipe gallery pipeline is characterized in that municipal public pipelines such as electric power, communication, gas, water supply and drainage, heating power and the like are intensively arranged in the same underground constructed tunnel space for comprehensive development and utilization, so that the urban construction land is saved, unified planning and management are facilitated, and the urban landscape is beautified. The pipe gallery pipelines are uniformly planned for the public pipelines, the influence of frequent excavation of pipeline accident roads on the road surface quality and the environment is effectively reduced, the construction period is shortened, the space utilization rate is improved, and the comprehensive technical and economic benefits are far higher than the increased initial construction investment.
Because the inside of the pipe gallery pipeline is integrated with tap water, gas, electric power and communication pipelines which maintain the urban function, a large number of high-pressure gas transmission pipelines such as natural gas, heating and the like are distributed in the underground space of a modern city with dense population, and the danger of fire exists. Such as short circuit and overload of power cables, leakage of oil and gas pipelines and the like. In addition, the pipelines with different laying types and a large number are laid in the pipeline gallery, and the leakage of one pipeline can affect the transportation of the pipelines.
The existing pipeline leakage monitoring method in the market mainly comprises a detection ball method, a negative pressure wave method, a thermal infrared imaging technology and a distributed optical fiber sensing technology. The principle of the detection ball method is that a large amount of data are collected in a pipeline in the process that a detection ball moves along with fluid, whether the pipeline leaks or not is analyzed and judged, the precision is high, but the manufacturing cost is extremely high, and the method is not suitable for large-scale pipeline leakage monitoring. The negative pressure wave method is simple in principle, and realizes leakage detection and positioning according to sudden change of pressure signals and time difference of negative pressure waves generated by leakage and transmitted to upstream and downstream. However, the negative pressure wave method does not have a corresponding noise filtering system, and usually needs to increase a threshold value to distinguish whether a pipeline is really leaked or false alarm caused by noise, and the result of increasing the threshold value is that a large number of false alarms are generated or the sensitivity of the system is obviously reduced, which affects the detection performance. The principle of the thermal infrared imaging technology is that when a pipeline leaks, the temperature of surrounding soil changes due to the leakage of liquid, and at the moment, the thermal infrared imaging technology senses the abnormal change and compares the abnormal change with a soil temperature distribution diagram recorded in advance, so that the leakage of the liquid pipeline is detected. The method has poor real-time performance, continuous monitoring cannot be carried out, and the detection result is seriously influenced by the buried depth of the pipeline.
The novel sensing technology using optical fiber as sensing element and light-transmitting medium includes optical fiber vibration sensing method, optical fiber sound wave sensing method and optical fiber strain sensing method. The optical fiber vibration sensing method is characterized by fast response and early warning for damage, but the main purpose is not to monitor leakage and an optical cable along with a pipeline is necessary. The method for detecting pipeline leakage by using optical fiber acoustic sensing system is characterized by that it utilizes the analysis of response condition of optical fiber to pipeline leakage sound to judge and position pipeline leakage point, and the acoustic sensing method is mainly characterized by that according to the acoustic wave characteristics of leakage point the leakage can be monitored. The optical fiber strain sensing method is mainly used for monitoring the deformation condition of the pipeline, and can also indirectly judge whether the pipeline leaks or not through the over-deformation part and the abnormal part of the pipeline. The methods can monitor the pipeline leakage condition to a certain extent, but are easy to interfere, have the possibility of false alarm and have slightly poor positioning accuracy.
When the pipeline leaks, the outflow of liquid at a leakage point can generate convection and conduction with surrounding media, and the convection refers to the process of heat transfer caused by relative displacement between parts with different temperatures in fluid. Conduction means that heat is transferred only by thermal motion of particles inside an object without relative motion due to temperature difference inside the object or direct contact between two different objects. Soil exists around the buried pipeline, the soil has temperature, the heat conduction is generated between the leaked liquid and the soil, and the temperature change is not obvious. Different from buried pipelines, no solid medium exists around the pipeline of the pipeline corridor. The heat conductivity of the fluid is very small, the heat transferred by heat conduction is very little, convection is the main heat transfer mode of the fluid, the temperature change is more obvious, particularly when the pipeline conveys gas or volatile liquid with certain pressure, the leakage point has the functions of phase change and throttling expansion, the temperature near the leakage point is obviously reduced, and the serious volatile liquid pipeline leakage point can be frosted or frozen. Therefore, the invention provides a pipe gallery pipeline leakage monitoring system based on a distributed optical fiber temperature measuring system, and aims to solve the problems of low efficiency, short distance, incapability of real-time monitoring, high long-term cost and the like in the existing pipe gallery pipeline leakage monitoring.
Compare in traditional pipeline leakage monitoring method, the advantage of grid formula piping lane pipeline leakage monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technique lies in:
1. for the piping lane pipeline, the position of the possible leakage point is random, a point type sensor is adopted to collect data, the workload is very huge, the comprehensive monitoring cannot be realized, and the monitoring coverage rate is low. The sampling interval of the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor can reach several centimeters, the temperature of any point along the optical fiber can be monitored in real time, the false alarm rate and the missing report rate are low, and the real-time monitoring can be realized. And the sensitivity is superior to that of a common sensor, and the real-time monitoring efficiency is higher.
2. The optical fiber is a transmission medium and a sensing medium, is made of quartz materials, can resist electromagnetic interference and can normally work in a high electromagnetic environment. In addition, optical fibers have the characteristics of corrosion resistance, fire resistance, water resistance and long service life, and can be generally used for 30 years. The cost of the sensor and the subsequent maintenance cost are comprehensively considered, and the final operation cost of the whole project can be greatly reduced by using the optical fiber temperature sensor.
The wiring mode of the pipe gallery pipeline leakage monitoring system based on the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology greatly improves the positioning precision on a two-dimensional plane, and the position of a leakage point can be accurately positioned in a square area formed by four sections of optical fibers, so that the real-time monitoring of the middle and edge areas of a pipeline and the accurate positioning of a pipeline leakage point are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pipeline leakage monitoring system and a leakage point positioning method based on a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology, aiming at the problem of liquid leakage of a pipeline of a pipe gallery. The distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system is used for measuring the temperature based on the temperature effect of Raman scattering light, when laser pulses with certain energy and width are injected into an optical fiber, backward Raman scattering light is continuously generated while the laser pulses are transmitted forwards in the optical fiber, the intensity of the backward Raman scattering light is changed under the influence of the temperature of a scattering point of the optical fiber, the scattered backward Raman light is processed, the temperature information can be calculated in real time, and meanwhile, the temperature information is positioned according to the transmission speed of the light in the optical fiber and the time of backward light echo. Thus, distributed measurement is realized, detection information of dozens of kilometers along the optical fiber can be continuously obtained, the false alarm rate and the false alarm rate are greatly reduced, and real-time detection is realized.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
a pipeline leakage monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology adopts equipment comprising a temperature measurement host based on distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology and optical fibers, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the optical fiber is wound on the surface of the pipeline to be measured in a two-dimensional grid mode and then connected with a temperature measurement host, the temperature change of the surface of the pipeline is monitored through the optical fiber in the two-dimensional grid mode, and the leakage point range is determined through an area formed by grid edges with abnormal temperature fields.
Further, the optical fibers are routed as follows:
after winding an optical fiber on a pipeline for one circle, the optical fiber is advanced for a distance W along the axial direction of the pipeline, the optical fiber is continuously wound for one circle until the optical fiber reaches the other end of a monitoring area on the pipeline, and then the optical fiber is arranged back and forth along the axial direction of the pipeline, the axial optical fiber is spaced for P along the circumferential direction of the pipeline, so that an optical fiber two-dimensional grid on the surface of the pipeline is obtained, the surface of the pipeline is divided into a plurality of quadrilateral monitoring areas through the two-dimensional grid, the width of each quadrilateral monitoring area.
When the four side optical fibers of the quadrilateral area monitor abnormal temperature, the quadrilateral area can be judged to be the area where the leakage point is located.
Further, the method for determining the temperature abnormality of the quadrangular zone is as follows:
numbering each quadrilateral monitoring area, measuring and recording the distance between each edge center of the quadrilateral monitoring area and the initial point of the optical fiber to obtain the number of the quadrilateral monitoring areas and four distance data, listing the data into a table, measuring the number of temperature peaks on the optical fiber and the distance corresponding to the temperature peaks through a temperature measurement host, comparing the data with the table data, and matching the data with the group of data, namely which quadrilateral monitoring area the leak point is located in.
Further, the quadrilateral monitoring area is a square area, that is, W ═ P.
Further, the spatial resolution of the optical fiber is greater than or equal to the side length of the quadrilateral area.
Further, the side length of the quadrilateral area ranges from 0.3 m to 1 m.
Further, the optical fiber spatial resolution range is 0.3-0.8 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the wiring mode of the invention greatly improves the positioning precision on a two-dimensional plane, and can accurately position the position of the leakage point in a square area consisting of four sections of optical fibers, thereby realizing the real-time monitoring of the middle and edge areas of the pipeline and the accurate positioning of the leakage point of the pipeline.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the wiring of the pipe leakage monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the piping leakage monitoring system according to the present invention, in which a wiring leakage is arranged with a side length of 0.5 m;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the leakage of the edge of the wiring pipeline with 0.5m as the side length in the pipeline leakage monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the length of the middle point of the side length from the optical fiber point of the pipeline leakage monitoring system of the present invention with 0.5 m.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention is shown in figure 1, and provides a pipeline leakage monitoring system based on a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology, which comprises a temperature measurement host based on the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology and an optical fiber, wherein the optical fiber is wound on the surface of a pipeline to be measured in a two-dimensional grid mode and then is connected with the temperature measurement host, the temperature change of the surface of the pipeline is monitored through the optical fiber in the two-dimensional grid mode, and the leakage point range is determined through an area formed by abnormal grid edges of a temperature field.
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, an arrow is a fiber winding direction, and for example, a fiber is laid with a side length of 0.5m, one fiber 1 is firstly wound around a pipeline 3 for one turn, then advances along the axial direction of the pipeline 3 for 0.5m, then continues to be wound around the pipeline for one turn, then advances for 0.5m, winds around the pipeline for another turn, and repeats the above steps until the fiber advances to the other end of the pipeline. After rotating for a circle, the pipeline moves forwards from one side of the pipeline to the other side along the axial direction, moves forwards for 0.5m along the arc (circumferential direction) of the edge of the pipeline, then moves forwards to the other side along the axial direction, and the steps are repeated in this way, and the pipeline is arranged back and forth along the axial direction until the outer surface of the whole pipeline is fully paved. The optical fiber forms a two-dimensional grid on the pipeline, the plan view of the two-dimensional grid is shown in figure 1, each sub-area on the two-dimensional grid is a square, and then the optical fiber 1 is connected with a temperature measurement host 2.
The optical fiber is positioned as follows: as shown in figure 2 of the drawings, in which,
firstly, laying optical fibers on the surface of the pipeline in a two-dimensional grid shape, surrounding the whole pipeline surface by the optical fibers, and cutting the surface of the pipeline into a plurality of squares with fixed sizes. Each square area has a side length of 0.5 m. The number marked in the figure is the length of each edge midpoint of the square region from the starting point of the fiber. Here, A, B, … …, and H respectively indicate the square regions, that is, the numbers of the square regions.
Secondly, each square area is composed of four sections of optical fibers, each section of optical fiber has the corresponding length of the optical fiber, namely the distance between the midpoint of each section of optical fiber and the starting point of the optical fiber, and the number of the square area and the corresponding length of four sides of the square area are listed as shown in fig. 4.
Taking the example that the leakage point occurs in the E region, the optical fibers may detect temperature changes at positions of 10.25m, 10.75m, 11.25m, 13.25m, 13.75m, 14.25m, 31.75m, 32.25m, 32.75m, 36.75m, 37.25m and 37.75m, and corresponding to the list in fig. 4, only four optical fibers in the E region have detected temperature anomaly, so that it can be determined that the leakage point occurs in the E region.
When the optical fiber leaks at the edge of the pipeline, two situations occur. First, as shown in fig. 3, when a leakage point occurs in the J region, which is the same as the method of step three, the positions of the leakage points can be determined by changing the four sections of the optical fibers. In the second case, when the leak point appears in the K region, only three sections of the optical fibers in the K region monitor the temperature change, and at this time, it is found K, L, M, N that the condition that all four optical fibers monitor the temperature change does not appear, corresponding to the table in fig. 4, and it can be determined that the leak point appears in the J region.
In the optical fiber of the present invention, a multimode optical fiber is used, and the sub-region divided by the grid of the present invention is not limited to a square, and may be a rectangle.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiment of the present invention, the length of the positive and negative sides is not limited to 0.5m, and is actually selected according to the size of the pipeline to be monitored, and is generally in the range of 0.3-1 m.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The pipeline leakage monitoring system based on the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology comprises a temperature measurement host machine based on the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology and optical fibers, and is characterized in that the optical fibers are wound on the surface of a pipeline to be measured in a two-dimensional grid mode and then connected with the temperature measurement host machine, the temperature change of the surface of the pipeline is monitored through the optical fibers in the two-dimensional grid mode, and the leakage point range is determined through an area formed by abnormal grid edges of a temperature field.
2. The pipe leak monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the optical fibers are routed as follows:
after winding an optical fiber on a pipeline for one circle, the optical fiber is advanced for a distance W along the axial direction of the pipeline, the optical fiber is continuously wound for one circle until the optical fiber reaches the other end of a monitoring area on the pipeline, and then the optical fiber is arranged back and forth along the axial direction of the pipeline, the axial optical fiber is spaced for P along the circumferential direction of the pipeline, so that an optical fiber two-dimensional grid on the surface of the pipeline is obtained, the surface of the pipeline is divided into a plurality of quadrilateral monitoring areas through the two-dimensional grid, the width of each quadrilateral monitoring area.
3. A method for locating a pipe leak source using the pipe leak monitoring system of claim 2, comprising: when the four side optical fibers of the quadrilateral area monitor abnormal temperature, the quadrilateral area can be judged to be the area where the leakage point is located.
4. A method of locating a leak point in a pipeline as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the method for determining the temperature abnormality of the quadrangular zone is as follows:
numbering each quadrilateral monitoring area, measuring and recording the distance between each edge center of the quadrilateral monitoring area and the initial point of the optical fiber to obtain the number of the quadrilateral monitoring areas and four distance data, listing the data into a table, measuring the number of temperature peaks on the optical fiber and the distance corresponding to the temperature peaks through a temperature measurement host, comparing the data with the table data, and matching the data with the group of data, namely which quadrilateral monitoring area the leak point is located in.
5. A method of locating a leak point in a pipeline as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the quadrilateral monitoring area is a square area, namely W ═ P.
6. The method of locating a leak point in a pipeline as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the spatial resolution of the optical fiber is greater than or equal to the side length of the quadrilateral area.
7. The method of locating a leak point in a pipeline as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the side length range of the quadrilateral area is 0.3-1 m.
8. The method of locating a leak point in a pipeline as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the spatial resolution range of the optical fiber is 0.3-0.8 m.
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| CN113669637A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-11-19 | 安徽复盛信息科技有限公司 | Drainage pipeline monitoring system capable of realizing leakage point positioning based on distributed optical fiber |
| CN114812424A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-29 | 天津大学 | Visual safety monitoring system and method for ice layer of natural ice rink |
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