CN112626381A - High-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

High-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112626381A
CN112626381A CN202011473434.5A CN202011473434A CN112626381A CN 112626381 A CN112626381 A CN 112626381A CN 202011473434 A CN202011473434 A CN 202011473434A CN 112626381 A CN112626381 A CN 112626381A
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aluminum
temperature
composite material
based composite
resistant aluminum
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CN112626381B (en
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林文言
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Shenyang Xinzuo Powder Metallurgy Products Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
    • F16D65/128—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by means for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
    • F16D2200/003—Light metals, e.g. aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. A high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8-12% of iron, 6-10% of silicon, 1-2% of nickel and the balance of aluminum, and the preparation method of the high-temperature resistant aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a pre-alloyed raw material by a spraying method; step 2, mechanical alloying; step 3, performing vacuum hot-press molding on the powder prepared in the step 2 in a steel die, and then sintering; and 4, demolding, and machining to obtain the finished product. Compared with the existing automobile brake disc material, the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple process, no need of surface micro-arc oxidation treatment, low production cost and greatly improved high-temperature wear resistance and yield strength.

Description

High-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
China is the first automobile producing and consuming country in the world, the yield of the Chinese passenger cars in 2017 is 2481 ten thousand per year, and the growth rate is 3%; meanwhile, the quantity of the Chinese passenger cars exceeds 1.8 hundred million. Riding produced by 2020The average fuel consumption of the vehicle is reduced to 5.0 liters/hundred kilometers, and the fuel consumption of the energy-saving passenger vehicle is reduced to below 4.5 liters/hundred kilometers; the production capacity of the pure electric vehicle and the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle reaches 200 thousands, and the accumulated production and sales volume exceeds 500 thousands. The general passenger car brake pad is worn by 3 mm/8-12 kilometers, the brake pad is worn by 20mm/8-12 kilometers, and the friction area is about 6300mm2Each brake disc and brake pad of each vehicle are abraded to generate about 10 ten thousand mm of dust3。
The traditional brake disc of the civil automobile is made of cast iron materials, is heavy in mass, is greatly abraded with a brake pad, is high in replacement frequency, and generates heat fading due to high heat under full-force braking. The brake disc made of the aluminum alloy material can reduce the weight of each vehicle by about twenty jin; the automobile has obvious advantages in the aspects of light weight, energy consumption reduction and carbon emission reduction; people feel more stable and have no squeaking sound in the braking and braking processes, and the brake disc is made of cast iron. The traditional aluminum alloy material is produced by a fusion casting method, but the solubility of transition elements in aluminum is extremely low, the diffusion speed is extremely low, and the use of aluminum and transition metal alloying in the fusion casting method is limited.
Although the aluminum alloy brake disc has many advantages, the brake disc cannot be made of the aluminum alloy material with the conventional grade at present, because the kinetic energy of the automobile is necessarily converted into heat energy through the mutual friction between the brake disc and the brake pad in the automobile braking process. The brake disc absorbs heat, and the temperature of the brake disc is increased by more than 450 ℃. The common industrial-grade aluminum alloy can only be used under the working condition below 300 ℃ and cannot be used. Even the addition of a large amount of ceramic particles, or agglomerates, to the alloy does not improve its high temperature strength. The yield limit of the high-temperature resistant strength of the matrix (aluminum alloy) at 450 ℃ must be more than 25MPa, and if the high-temperature resistant strength is not large enough, particles fall off or the whole matrix is torn off, so that great hidden danger is brought to safe driving of an automobile. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy brake disc in the prior art mainly comprises the following methods: 1) aluminum casting method: and processing a honeycomb silicon carbide structure, and casting aluminum into the honeycomb silicon carbide for forming. The problem is that the loss of aluminum metal after high-temperature friction causes the surface to expose net silicon carbide; 2) anodic aluminum oxide: coating a layer of compact alumina on the surface of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy. It has a problem that it cannot resist high temperature; 3) aluminum-based surface composite wear-resistant material: and adhering a silicon carbide surface layer or a wear-resistant steel surface layer to the surface of the aluminum-based material. The problem exists that the heat generated by friction in the automobile braking process causes the deformation of the aluminum disc through the wear-resistant surface; 4) the aluminum alloy casting method comprises the following steps: aluminum is mixed with silicon carbide or transition elements in a liquid state by a fusion casting method. There are problems in that it cannot resist high temperature and it causes particle falling or lump falling. Even though the existing all aluminum casting alloys are the best high-temperature performance materials, the yield strength at 450 ℃ is nearly 10MPa, the yield strength at about 500 ℃ is probably reduced a lot, the aluminum casting alloys cannot be applied to the body materials of brake discs, and otherwise, the potential safety hazard is great.
The light weight of the automobile is the development direction of the automobile industry in the future. The automobile brake disc prepared by adopting the aluminum alloy material to replace the cast iron material widely used at present meets the requirement of light weight of the automobile. The braking performance of the automobile brake disc is directly related to the safety problem of vehicle running. Particularly, in the situation of continuous braking on a downhill, the surface temperature of the brake disc can reach 300-. Therefore, the composition of the aluminum alloy must be improved to produce an aluminum alloy material with high-temperature wear resistance, and the aluminum alloy material still has higher hardness and wear resistance at 400 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention adopts a powder metallurgy process, and can be prepared by uniformly adding transition elements and other elements into aluminum. The aluminum matrix composite material has light weight and good wear resistance. The iron content of the automobile brake disc prepared by the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the invention reaches 8-12%, the melting point of the material exceeds 1000 ℃, the yield strength at 450 ℃ is more than 35MPa, and the yield strength is more than 3 times of that of the existing aluminum alloy at 450 ℃.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8-12% of iron, 6-10% of silicon, 1-2% of nickel and the balance of aluminum.
Further, the preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps.
Step 1, preparing a prealloying raw material by a spraying method: adding iron, silicon and nickel into the molten aluminum, melting at high temperature, and spraying into powder by gas atomization.
Step 2, mechanical alloying: and (3) ball-milling the prealloyed raw materials prepared in the step (1) in a mixer for more than 72 hours.
And 3, performing vacuum hot-pressing molding on the powder prepared in the step 2 in a steel die, and then sintering.
And 4, demolding, and machining to obtain the finished product.
Further, the vacuum degree in step 3 is-0.1 MPa.
Further, the pressure in step 3 is 250kg/cm at 0-560 ℃2The pressure is 350kg/cm at 560 ℃ and 625 DEG C2。
Further, the sintering temperature in step 3 is 660-750 ℃.
Further, the sintering time in the step 3 is 40-60 min.
Further, the high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material is applied to preparation of an automobile aluminum alloy brake disc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
The preparation method provided by the invention can uniformly add the transition element into the aluminum to realize the alloying of the transition element and the aluminum, and the prepared high-temperature resistant aluminum-based composite material has a melting point of more than 1000 ℃ and a yield strength of more than 35MPa at 450 ℃, and is more than 3.5 times of that of the aluminum alloy material of the common industrial grade.
The aluminum alloy product prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention can meet the requirements of all grades of service performance at the temperature of more than 300 ℃. The wear resistance is improved by 4 times compared with the traditional cast iron wear resistance, the wear resistance of the dual brake pad is improved by 1 time, and the brake pad has no brake noise and is more suitable for automobile brake devices.
Compared with the existing automobile brake disc material, the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple process, no need of surface micro-arc oxidation treatment, low production cost and greatly improved high-temperature wear resistance and yield strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of the temperature rise test of the differential thermal analysis of the finished product obtained in example 1.
FIG. 2 is an aluminum alloy passenger vehicle brake disc.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1.
1. A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant aluminum matrix composite.
A high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of iron, 8% of silicon, 1.5% of nickel and 80.5% of aluminum, and the preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps.
Step 1, preparing a prealloying raw material by a spraying method: adding iron, silicon and nickel into the molten aluminum, melting at high temperature, and spraying into powder by gas atomization.
Step 2, mechanical alloying: and (3) ball-milling the prealloyed raw materials prepared in the step (1) in a mixer for more than 72 hours.
Step 3, preparing the product obtained in step 2The obtained powder is subjected to vacuum hot-press molding in a steel die and then sintered. The vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa, and the pressure is 250kg/cm at 0-560 DEG C2The pressure is 350kg/cm at 560 ℃ and 625 DEG C2. The sintering temperature is 660-750 ℃, and the sintering time is 40-60min (constant temperature and pressure).
And 4, demolding, and machining to obtain the finished product.
2. And (5) detecting the performance.
The results of the performance tests are shown in Table 1. The experimental result of differential thermal analysis temperature rise is shown in FIG. 1, and the experimental result shows that the peak temperatures of three endothermic peaks at 500-800 ℃ in the temperature rise process are 568 ℃/622 ℃ and 761 ℃ respectively, wherein the extrapolated onset temperature of the endothermic peak at 500-600 ℃ is 558 ℃.
TABLE 1 Performance test results.
Figure RE-GDA0002922488510000041
3. As shown in figure 2, the aluminum alloy brake disc of the passenger car made of the high-temperature resistant aluminum matrix composite material meets the enterprise standard Q/xj-01.
Example 2.
A high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9% of iron, 7% of silicon, 1.7% of nickel and 82.3% of aluminum, and the preparation method of the high-temperature resistant aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps.
Step 1, preparing a prealloying raw material by a spraying method: adding iron (or iron alloy) into the molten aluminum, melting at high temperature, and spraying by gas atomization to obtain powder.
Step 2, mechanical alloying: and (3) ball-milling the prealloyed raw materials prepared in the step (1) in a mixer for more than 72 hours.
And 3, performing vacuum hot-pressing molding on the powder prepared in the step 2 in a steel die, and then sintering. The vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa, and the pressure is 250kg/cm at 0-560 DEG C2The pressure is 350kg/cm at 560 ℃ and 625 DEG C2. The sintering temperature is 660-750 ℃, and the sintering time is 40-60min (constant temperature and pressure).
And 4, demolding, and machining to obtain the finished product.
Example 3.
A high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11% of iron, 9% of silicon, 1.8% of nickel and 78.2% of aluminum, and the preparation method of the high-temperature resistant aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps.
Step 1, preparing a prealloying raw material by a spraying method: adding iron, silicon and nickel into the molten aluminum, melting at high temperature, and spraying into powder by gas atomization.
Step 2, mechanical alloying: and (3) ball-milling the prealloyed raw materials prepared in the step (1) in a mixer for more than 72 hours.
And 3, performing vacuum hot-pressing molding on the powder prepared in the step 2 in a steel die, and then sintering. The vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa, and the pressure is 250kg/cm at 0-560 DEG C2The pressure is 350kg/cm at 560 ℃ and 625 DEG C2. The sintering temperature is 660-750 ℃, and the sintering time is 40-60min (constant temperature and pressure).
And 4, demolding, and machining to obtain the finished product.
The high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material prepared in the embodiment 1-3 has a melting point of more than 1000 ℃ and a yield strength of more than 35MPa at 450 ℃ which is more than 3.5 times of that of the aluminum alloy material of the general industrial grade, meets the requirements of all grades of service performance at more than 300 ℃, has the wear resistance which is 4 times higher than that of the traditional cast iron, has the wear resistance which is 1 time higher than that of a dual brake pad, has no brake noise, and is more suitable for automobile brake devices.

Claims (10)

1. The high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 8-12% of iron, 6-10% of silicon, 1-2% of nickel and the balance of aluminum.
2. The high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of iron, 8% of silicon, 1.5% of nickel and 80.5% of aluminum.
3. The high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 9% of iron, 7% of silicon, 1.7% of nickel and 82.3% of aluminum.
4. The high-temperature-resistant aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 11% of iron, 9% of silicon, 1.8% of nickel and 78.2% of aluminum.
5. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, preparing a prealloying raw material by a spraying method: adding iron, silicon and nickel into the molten aluminum, melting at high temperature, and spraying into powder by gas atomization;
step 2, mechanical alloying: ball-milling the pre-alloyed raw material prepared in the step 1 in a mixer for more than 72 hours;
step 3, performing vacuum hot-press molding on the powder prepared in the step 2 in a steel die, and then sintering;
and 4, demolding, and machining to obtain the finished product.
6. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 5, wherein the degree of vacuum in step 3 is-0.1 MPa.
7. The method for preparing a refractory aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pressure in step 3 is 250kg/cm at 0-560 ℃2Or the pressure is 350kg/cm at 560 ℃ and 625 DEG C2。
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sintering temperature in step 3 is 660-750 ℃.
9. The method for preparing a high temperature resistant aluminum matrix composite as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sintering time in step 3 is 40-60 min.
10. Use of a high temperature resistant aluminium matrix composite according to claim 1 for the manufacture of an aluminium alloy brake disc for automobiles.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113278854A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-08-20 河北新立中有色金属集团有限公司 SiCp/Al-Si-Cu composite powder material and preparation method thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4702885A (en) * 1983-12-02 1987-10-27 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Aluminum alloy and method for producing the same
JPH108161A (en) * 1996-06-21 1998-01-13 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Aluminum-silicon base alloy powder hot forged member
CN105132757A (en) * 2015-09-18 2015-12-09 张家港市和伟五金工具厂 Wear-resisting aluminium alloy
CN109722571A (en) * 2019-01-11 2019-05-07 南京奥斯行系统工程有限公司 A kind of cooling dedicated aluminium alloy of high-temperature oxygen and aluminium wing plate cooler

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4702885A (en) * 1983-12-02 1987-10-27 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Aluminum alloy and method for producing the same
JPH108161A (en) * 1996-06-21 1998-01-13 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Aluminum-silicon base alloy powder hot forged member
CN105132757A (en) * 2015-09-18 2015-12-09 张家港市和伟五金工具厂 Wear-resisting aluminium alloy
CN109722571A (en) * 2019-01-11 2019-05-07 南京奥斯行系统工程有限公司 A kind of cooling dedicated aluminium alloy of high-temperature oxygen and aluminium wing plate cooler

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113278854A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-08-20 河北新立中有色金属集团有限公司 SiCp/Al-Si-Cu composite powder material and preparation method thereof
CN113278854B (en) * 2021-05-24 2022-05-10 河北新立中有色金属集团有限公司 SiCp/Al-Si-Cu composite powder material and preparation method thereof

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