CN112626377B - Al (aluminum)2O3Reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al (aluminum)2O3Reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of aluminum oxide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials, and discloses Al2O3A reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. The raw material of the composite material comprises 5 to 25 weight percent of Al2O3And 75-95% of a matrix material, the method comprising the steps of: carrying out oxidation treatment on the aluminum powder to obtain Al2O3(ii) a Respectively pretreating a base material and a stainless steel plate; folding the smooth surface of the pretreated stainless steel plate and pressing the stainless steel plate into a stainless steel envelope; mixing Al2O3Placing on the pretreated base material, folding the base material in half to wrap the base material with Al2O3Then sealing the periphery of the base material and putting the base material into a stainless steel envelope; and rolling the stainless steel envelope filled with the base material, folding the stainless steel envelope in half along the length direction of the stainless steel envelope after each pass of rolling, and rolling the stainless steel envelope for the next pass until the set pass is reached. Al of the invention2O3Al in reinforced aluminium-base composite material2O3Can be uniformly and dispersedly distributed on the aluminum matrix, and effectively strengthens the aluminum matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of alumina particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials,in particular to Al2O3A reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The alumina particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite (Al-MMCs) has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good high temperature resistance, excellent wear resistance, and a plurality of excellent performances such as molding and processing by using conventional processes and equipment, and can be used for manufacturing cylinder bodies, pistons and brake friction parts of automobiles besides the aerospace industry and the military industry.
In the prior art, oxides are widely used and directly added into an Al melt, and the Al melt is uniformly mixed by stirring. The strengthening phase oxide can be selected from alumina or SiO capable of reacting with aluminum melt2，CuO，TiO2Or salts NH4Al(SO4)2. However, since the reaction is a liquid phase reaction or the reinforcing phase is dispersed, there are problems such as a high reaction temperature, coarseness of the reinforcing phase, and uneven dispersion.
At present, Al is already known2O3The prior art of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites. For example, 200710124776.4 is prepared by directly adding nano alumina particles into aluminum melt, dispersing the nano alumina particles in the aluminum melt by ultrasonic stirring, and injecting into a mold to obtain the light metal-based nanocomposite. The technology has the advantages of simplicity, controllability and the like, but the nano particles enter the matrix in an additional mode, and the defects of interface pollution, low bonding strength and the like exist. 201010505574.6 is prepared from borax boride and K2ZrF6The fluoride-like powder is reaction mixed salt, and the nano alumina particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is directly synthesized in an aluminum melt by adopting a melt direct reaction method. Because the reactants and products of the reaction are complicated, slag is generated in the reaction process, and KF gas is released, and although the single nano-alumina reinforced aluminum-based composite material can be obtained by the technology, the technology has the defects of complicated reaction process, large environmental load in the production process, slag generation, gas release and the like. Yang Sha bin, Zhang Xue, Xishuai and high quality fraction Al2O3Hardness and resistance of/Al composite materialGrinding performance [ J]Material protection, 2018,51(04):47-50, propose an Al2O3The reinforced aluminum-base composite material is prepared with Al material in 10 micron size and purity over 99 wt%2O3Powder and Al powder with particle size of 75 μm and purity > 99%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing 60-95% of Al powder and 5-40% of Al2O3Adding the powder into a ball milling tank, and ball milling for 2h at the ball milling speed of 100r/min to uniformly mix the powder. Adding the ball powder into a 20mm tabletting mold, cold-pressing and molding (20mm × 5mm) on a WE-30 universal tester under 150kN for 5 min. Putting into a tube furnace, heating to 600 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, preserving heat for 4h, taking out and cooling to room temperature to obtain Al2O3Reinforced aluminum matrix composites, although Al is disclosed therein2O3The amount of powder is increased but Al is obtained2O3The hardness of the reinforced aluminum matrix composite is not high.
The solid phase powder metallurgy method is also used for preparing the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, and has the advantages of being capable of randomly adjusting the proportion of the reinforced phase, uniform in distribution of the reinforced phase and the like. However, in the solid-phase powder metallurgy method, a ball mill is generally used to mix the strengthening phase and the matrix, and in this process, impurities (from the ball mill and the ball mill pot) are easily introduced, and a temperature rise during the ball milling process easily causes a series of problems such as oxidation of the powder.
Therefore, in order to overcome the defects of the existing technology for preparing the alumina particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, a new preparation method is urgently needed to be provided and the alumina particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide Al aiming at the defects of the prior art2O3A reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. Al of the invention2O3Al in reinforced aluminium-base composite material2O3Can be uniformly and dispersedly distributed on the aluminum matrix, and effectively strengthens the aluminum matrix.
In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides Al2O3Of reinforced aluminium-based compositesThe raw material of the composite material comprises 5 to 25 weight percent of Al2O3And 75-95% of a matrix material, preferably 10-22% of said Al2O3And 78-90% of a matrix material, more preferably 15-20% of said Al2O3And 80-85% of a base material;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out oxidation treatment on aluminum powder to obtain the Al2O3；
S2: respectively pretreating the base material and the stainless steel plate;
s3: folding the smooth surface of the pretreated stainless steel plate and pressing the stainless steel plate into a stainless steel envelope;
s4: al of step S12O3Placing on the pretreated base material, and placing Al of step S12O3The base material is folded in half, so that the base material wraps the Al of the step S12O3Then, sealing the periphery of the base material and putting the base material into the stainless steel envelope;
s5: and rolling the stainless steel envelope provided with the base material with the periphery sealed in the step S4, folding the stainless steel envelope in half along the length direction of the stainless steel envelope after each rolling pass, and rolling the stainless steel envelope for the next pass until the set pass.
In another aspect of the invention, Al prepared by the method is provided2O3A reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by the preparation method, Al with different content of strengthening phase can be prepared at room temperature2O3The aluminum matrix composite material is reinforced, and the mass fraction of the reinforcing phase can reach 25%. Prepared Al2O3The reinforced aluminum matrix composite has uniform distribution of reinforcing phases and remarkable reinforcing effect. Because the aluminum oxide is derived from aluminum powder and is oxidized at high temperature, the composite-shaped particles with the aluminum core in the middle and the aluminum core wrapped by the dense aluminum oxide layer outside can be obtained in the oxidation process, thereby being beneficial to improvementThe deflection direction of the cracks when the composite material is broken has the function of toughening. The preparation equipment adopted by the invention is a common double-roller cold rolling mill, the preparation process flow is simple, and a large amount of Al can be prepared2O3A reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 shows Al provided by the present invention2O3The process diagram of the preparation method of the reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.
FIGS. 2(a) - (d) show in sequence an Al provided in examples 1-4 of the present invention2O3Al prepared by preparation method of reinforced aluminum-based composite material2O3Microstructure diagram of the reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In one aspect of the invention, Al is provided2O3The reinforced aluminum-base composite material is prepared with Al in 5-25 wt%2O3And 75-95% of a matrix material, preferably 10-22% of said Al2O3And 78-90% of a matrix material, more preferably 15-20% of said Al2O3And 80-85% of a base material;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out oxidation treatment on aluminum powder to obtain the Al2O3；
S2: respectively pretreating the base material and the stainless steel plate;
s3: folding the smooth surface of the pretreated stainless steel plate and pressing the stainless steel plate into a stainless steel envelope;
s4: al of step S12O3Placing on the pretreated base material, and placing Al of step S12O3The base material is folded in half, so that the base material wraps the Al of the step S12O3Then, sealing the periphery of the base material and putting the base material into the stainless steel envelope;
s5: and rolling the stainless steel envelope provided with the base material with the periphery sealed in the step S4, folding the stainless steel envelope in half along the length direction of the stainless steel envelope after each rolling pass, and rolling the stainless steel envelope for the next pass until the set pass.
According to the present invention, preferably, in step S1, the step of oxidizing treatment includes subjecting Al2O3Treating the aluminum powder in a crucible, and flatly paving the aluminum powder on the treated Al2O3In the crucible, sequentially carrying out primary heating, stirring and secondary heating treatment to obtain the Al2O3。
According to the invention, preference is given to Al2O3The step of treating the crucible includes baking Al2O3Crucible of baked Al2O3Placing the crucible in air to cool to room temperature; the baking temperature is 500-600 ℃, the baking time is 25-35min, and the equipment is a resistance heat treatment furnace.
According to the invention, preferably, the temperature of the first heating and the second heating are both 500-600 ℃, the time is 8-12h, and the devices are resistance heat treatment furnaces.
In the invention, as a preferable scheme, the set temperature of the resistance heat treatment furnace is 500-600 ℃, and Al is added2O3The crucible is put into a resistance heat treatment furnace and baked with Al2O3Crucible for 25-35min, then adding Al2O3Cooling the crucible to room temperature in air; spreading the aluminum powder on the baked Al2O3Placing the crucible in an electric resistance heat treatment furnace, performing first heat treatment, taking out from the electric resistance heat treatment furnace, stirring and mixing the first heated aluminum powder in Al2O3Spreading in a crucible, and heating for the second time in a resistance heat treatment furnace to obtain the Al2O3The temperature of the first heating and the second heating is 500-600 ℃, and the time is 8-12 h.
According to the present invention, preferably, in step S2, the preprocessing step is: treating the base material by using sand paper, absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone; and (3) treating the stainless steel plate by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone.
In the invention, the surface of the industrial pure aluminum plate is polished by sand paper (1000#), the aim of polishing is to remove a compact oxide film which is easily formed in the air by the industrial pure aluminum plate, after polishing is finished, the surface is wiped to be clean by absolute ethyl alcohol, and surface grease is wiped to be removed by acetone. For the stainless steel plate, the surface is wiped clean by the same absolute ethyl alcohol, and then the surface grease is wiped by acetone.
According to the present invention, preferably, in step S5, the set pass is 10 to 20.
According to the invention, preferably, in step S3 and step S5, the pressing and rolling are performed by a double-roller cold rolling mill, the rotation speed of a motor of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 1400-1500r/min, the rolling speed of two rollers of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 10-20m/min, and the reduction of the thickness of the rolled sample in each pass is 40-55%.
According to the invention, the base material is preferably an industrially pure aluminum plate.
According to the present invention, it is preferable that the aluminum powder has a purity of 99% to 99.99% and an average particle diameter of 0.8 to 1.5 μm.
According to the present invention, preferably, the stainless steel plate has a thickness of 0.4 to 0.6 mm.
According to the present invention, preferably, the purity of the industrial pure aluminum plate is 99-99.999%, and the thickness is 0.05-0.2 mm.
In another aspect of the invention, Al prepared by the method is provided2O3A reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
The present invention is specifically illustrated by the following examples.
In each of the following embodiments, the following examples,
the purity of the aluminum powder is 99.9%, and the average particle size is 1 mu m;
the substrate material adopts an industrial pure aluminum plate, the purity of the industrial pure aluminum plate is 99.99%, and the size of the industrial pure aluminum plate is 100mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 0.1 mm;
the thickness of the stainless steel plate is 0.5 mm;
the aluminum powder and the industrial pure aluminum plate are purchased from the new materials science and technology company of Jinyan, Beijing.
Example 1
This example provides an Al2O3The raw material of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises 9.1 percent of Al by weight percentage2O3And 90.9% of commercially pure aluminum plate; specifically, 0.53g of Al obtained by oxidizing aluminum powder was weighed2O35.3g of an industrial pure aluminum plate.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out oxidation treatment on aluminum powder to obtain the Al2O3(ii) a Specifically, the temperature of the resistance heat treatment furnace is set to 600 ℃, and Al is added2O3The crucible is put into a resistance heat treatment furnace and baked with Al2O3Crucible for 30min, then Al2O3Cooling the crucible to room temperature in air; spreading the aluminum powder on the baked Al2O3Placing the crucible in an electric resistance heat treatment furnace, performing first heat treatment, taking out from the electric resistance heat treatment furnace, stirring and mixing the first heated aluminum powder in Al2O3Spreading in a crucible, and heating for the second time in a resistance heat treatment furnace to obtain the Al2O3The temperature of the first heating and the second heating is 600 ℃, and the time is 10 hours.
S2: respectively pretreating the industrial pure aluminum plate and the stainless steel plate; specifically, the surface of an industrial pure aluminum plate is polished by using sand paper (1000#), the purpose of polishing is to remove a compact oxidation film which is easily formed in the air by the industrial pure aluminum plate, after polishing is finished, the surface is wiped to be clean by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and surface grease is wiped to be removed by using acetone. For the stainless steel plate, the surface is wiped clean by the same absolute ethyl alcohol, and then the surface grease is wiped by acetone.
S3: folding the smooth surface of the pretreated stainless steel plate in half and pressing the smooth surface into a stainless steel envelope by a double-roller cold rolling mill;
s4: al of step S12O3Placing on the pretreated industrial pure aluminum plate, and placing the Al of the step S12O3The industrial pure aluminum plate is folded in half, so that the industrial pure aluminum plate wraps the Al of the step S12O3Then, sealing the periphery of the industrial pure aluminum plate and putting the industrial pure aluminum plate into the stainless steel envelope;
s5: and rolling the stainless steel envelope provided with the industrial pure aluminum plate with the sealed periphery in the step S4, folding the stainless steel envelope in half along the length direction of the stainless steel envelope after each rolling pass, and rolling the stainless steel envelope for the next pass until the set pass. The set pass is 20 times, the equipment that rolling adopted is the double-roller cold rolling mill, the motor speed of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 1470r/min, the two-roller rolling speed of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 15m/min, and the reduction of the rolling sample thickness of each pass is 40-55%.
Example 2
This example provides an Al2O3The raw material of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises 13 percent of Al by weight percentage2O3And 87% of commercially pure aluminum plate; specifically, 0.795g of Al obtained by oxidizing aluminum powder was weighed2O35.3g of an industrial pure aluminum plate.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out oxidation treatment on aluminum powder to obtain the Al2O3(ii) a Specifically, the temperature of the resistance heat treatment furnace is set to beAl is added at 600 DEG C2O3The crucible is put into a resistance heat treatment furnace and baked with Al2O3Crucible for 30min, then Al2O3Cooling the crucible to room temperature in air; spreading the aluminum powder on the baked Al2O3Placing the crucible in an electric resistance heat treatment furnace, performing first heat treatment, taking out from the electric resistance heat treatment furnace, stirring and mixing the first heated aluminum powder in Al2O3Spreading in a crucible, and heating for the second time in a resistance heat treatment furnace to obtain the Al2O3The temperature of the first heating and the second heating is 600 ℃, and the time is 10 hours.
S2: respectively pretreating the industrial pure aluminum plate and the stainless steel plate; specifically, the surface of an industrial pure aluminum plate is polished by using sand paper (1000#), the purpose of polishing is to remove a compact oxidation film which is easily formed in the air by the industrial pure aluminum plate, after polishing is finished, the surface is wiped to be clean by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and surface grease is wiped to be removed by using acetone. For the stainless steel plate, the surface is wiped clean by the same absolute ethyl alcohol, and then the surface grease is wiped by acetone.
S3: folding the smooth surface of the pretreated stainless steel plate in half and pressing the smooth surface into a stainless steel envelope by a double-roller cold rolling mill;
s4: al of step S12O3Placing on the pretreated industrial pure aluminum plate, and placing the Al of the step S12O3The industrial pure aluminum plate is folded in half, so that the industrial pure aluminum plate wraps the Al of the step S12O3Then, sealing the periphery of the industrial pure aluminum plate and putting the industrial pure aluminum plate into the stainless steel envelope;
s5: and rolling the stainless steel envelope provided with the industrial pure aluminum plate with the sealed periphery in the step S4, folding the stainless steel envelope in half along the length direction of the stainless steel envelope after each rolling pass, and rolling the stainless steel envelope for the next pass until the set pass. The set pass is 20 times, the equipment that rolling adopted is the double-roller cold rolling mill, the motor speed of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 1470r/min, the two-roller rolling speed of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 15m/min, and the reduction of the rolling sample thickness of each pass is 40-55%.
Example 3
This example provides an Al2O3The raw material of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises 16 percent of Al by weight percentage2O3And 84% of commercially pure aluminum plate; specifically, 1.06g of Al obtained by oxidizing aluminum powder was weighed2O35.3g of an industrial pure aluminum plate.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out oxidation treatment on aluminum powder to obtain the Al2O3(ii) a Specifically, the temperature of the resistance heat treatment furnace is set to 600 ℃, and Al is added2O3The crucible is put into a resistance heat treatment furnace and baked with Al2O3Crucible for 30min, then Al2O3Cooling the crucible to room temperature in air; spreading the aluminum powder on the baked Al2O3Placing the crucible in an electric resistance heat treatment furnace, performing first heat treatment, taking out from the electric resistance heat treatment furnace, stirring and mixing the first heated aluminum powder in Al2O3Spreading in a crucible, and heating for the second time in a resistance heat treatment furnace to obtain the Al2O3The temperature of the first heating and the second heating is 600 ℃, and the time is 10 hours.
S2: respectively pretreating the industrial pure aluminum plate and the stainless steel plate; specifically, the surface of an industrial pure aluminum plate is polished by using sand paper (1000#), the purpose of polishing is to remove a compact oxidation film which is easily formed in the air by the industrial pure aluminum plate, after polishing is finished, the surface is wiped to be clean by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and surface grease is wiped to be removed by using acetone. For the stainless steel plate, the surface is wiped clean by the same absolute ethyl alcohol, and then the surface grease is wiped by acetone.
S3: folding the smooth surface of the pretreated stainless steel plate in half and pressing the smooth surface into a stainless steel envelope by a double-roller cold rolling mill;
s4: al of step S12O3Placing on the pretreated industrial pure aluminum plate, and placing A of the step S1l2O3The industrial pure aluminum plate is folded in half, so that the industrial pure aluminum plate wraps the Al of the step S12O3Then, sealing the periphery of the industrial pure aluminum plate and putting the industrial pure aluminum plate into the stainless steel envelope;
s5: and rolling the stainless steel envelope provided with the industrial pure aluminum plate with the sealed periphery in the step S4, folding the stainless steel envelope in half along the length direction of the stainless steel envelope after each rolling pass, and rolling the stainless steel envelope for the next pass until the set pass. The set pass is 20 times, the equipment that rolling adopted is the double-roller cold rolling mill, the motor speed of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 1470r/min, the two-roller rolling speed of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 15m/min, and the reduction of the rolling sample thickness of each pass is 40-55%.
Example 4
This example provides an Al2O3The raw material of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises 20 percent of Al by weight percentage2O3And 80% of commercially pure aluminum plate; specifically, 1.325g of Al obtained by oxidizing aluminum powder was weighed2O35.3g of an industrial pure aluminum plate.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out oxidation treatment on aluminum powder to obtain the Al2O3(ii) a Specifically, the temperature of the resistance heat treatment furnace is set to 600 ℃, and Al is added2O3The crucible is put into a resistance heat treatment furnace and baked with Al2O3Crucible for 30min, then Al2O3Cooling the crucible to room temperature in air; spreading the aluminum powder on the baked Al2O3Placing the crucible in an electric resistance heat treatment furnace, performing first heat treatment, taking out from the electric resistance heat treatment furnace, stirring and mixing the first heated aluminum powder in Al2O3Spreading in a crucible, and heating for the second time in a resistance heat treatment furnace to obtain the Al2O3The temperature of the first heating and the second heating is 600 ℃, and the time is 10 hours.
S2: respectively pretreating the industrial pure aluminum plate and the stainless steel plate; specifically, the surface of an industrial pure aluminum plate is polished by using sand paper (1000#), the purpose of polishing is to remove a compact oxidation film which is easily formed in the air by the industrial pure aluminum plate, after polishing is finished, the surface is wiped to be clean by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and surface grease is wiped to be removed by using acetone. For the stainless steel plate, the surface is wiped clean by the same absolute ethyl alcohol, and then the surface grease is wiped by acetone.
S3: folding the smooth surface of the pretreated stainless steel plate in half and pressing the smooth surface into a stainless steel envelope by a double-roller cold rolling mill;
s4: al of step S12O3Placing on the pretreated industrial pure aluminum plate, and placing the Al of the step S12O3The industrial pure aluminum plate is folded in half, so that the industrial pure aluminum plate wraps the Al of the step S12O3Then, sealing the periphery of the industrial pure aluminum plate and putting the industrial pure aluminum plate into the stainless steel envelope;
s5: and rolling the stainless steel envelope provided with the industrial pure aluminum plate with the sealed periphery in the step S4, folding the stainless steel envelope in half along the length direction of the stainless steel envelope after each rolling pass, and rolling the stainless steel envelope for the next pass until the set pass. The set pass is 20 times, the equipment that rolling adopted is the double-roller cold rolling mill, the motor speed of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 1470r/min, the two-roller rolling speed of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 15m/min, and the reduction of the rolling sample thickness of each pass is 40-55%.
Example 5
This example provides an Al2O3The raw material of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises 9.1 percent of Al by weight percentage2O3And 90.9% of commercially pure aluminum plate; specifically, 0.53g of Al obtained by oxidizing aluminum powder was weighed2O35.3g of an industrial pure aluminum plate.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out oxidation treatment on aluminum powder to obtain the Al2O3(ii) a Specifically, the temperature of the resistance heat treatment furnace is set to 600 ℃, and Al is added2O3The crucible is put into a resistance heat treatment furnaceBaking Al2O3Crucible for 30min, then Al2O3Cooling the crucible to room temperature in air; spreading the aluminum powder on the baked Al2O3Placing the crucible in an electric resistance heat treatment furnace, performing first heat treatment, taking out from the electric resistance heat treatment furnace, stirring and mixing the first heated aluminum powder in Al2O3Spreading in a crucible, and heating for the second time in a resistance heat treatment furnace to obtain the Al2O3The temperature of the first heating and the second heating is 600 ℃, and the time is 10 hours.
S2: respectively pretreating the industrial pure aluminum plate and the stainless steel plate; specifically, the surface of an industrial pure aluminum plate is polished by using sand paper (1000#), the purpose of polishing is to remove a compact oxidation film which is easily formed in the air by the industrial pure aluminum plate, after polishing is finished, the surface is wiped to be clean by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and surface grease is wiped to be removed by using acetone. For the stainless steel plate, the surface is wiped clean by the same absolute ethyl alcohol, and then the surface grease is wiped by acetone.
S3: folding the smooth surface of the pretreated stainless steel plate in half and pressing the smooth surface into a stainless steel envelope by a double-roller cold rolling mill;
s4: al of step S12O3Placing on the pretreated industrial pure aluminum plate, and placing the Al of the step S12O3The industrial pure aluminum plate is folded in half, so that the industrial pure aluminum plate wraps the Al of the step S12O3Then, sealing the periphery of the industrial pure aluminum plate and putting the industrial pure aluminum plate into the stainless steel envelope;
s5: and rolling the stainless steel envelope provided with the industrial pure aluminum plate with the sealed periphery in the step S4, folding the stainless steel envelope in half along the length direction of the stainless steel envelope after each rolling pass, and rolling the stainless steel envelope for the next pass until the set pass. The set pass is 10 times, the equipment that rolling adopted is the double-roller cold rolling mill, the motor speed of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 1470r/min, the two-roller rolling speed of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 15m/min, and the reduction of the rolling sample thickness of each pass is 40-55%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides an Al2O3The raw material of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises 20 percent of Al by weight percentage2O3And 80% of commercially pure aluminum plate; specifically, 1.325g of Al obtained by oxidizing aluminum powder was weighed2O35.3g of an industrial pure aluminum plate.
The Al is2O3The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material is the same as the step of the embodiment 4, only the rolling pass is 40 times, the composite material starts to crack along with the increase of the rolling pass, the composite material has longitudinal cracks penetrating through a sample and transverse cracks, the rolling frequency is continuously increased, the sample is completely crushed into small fragments, and a complete sample cannot be obtained.
Test example
For Al prepared in examples 1, 2, 3 and 42O3The reinforced aluminum matrix composite material was subjected to sample mounting in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, and Al prepared in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 was analyzed by a metallographic microscope2O3The microstructure of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material is shown in FIGS. 2(a), (b), (c), and (d). As can be seen from the figure, Al2O3Is uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix, and does not form aluminum and Al2O3The multilayer structure of (3).
For Al prepared in examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 52O3The reinforced aluminum matrix composite was subjected to insert samples in the parallel rolling direction and the perpendicular rolling direction, respectively, to perform Vickers microhardness measurement, and the pressure was maintained for 10 seconds using a load of 100 g to measure the Al produced in examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in the parallel rolling direction and the perpendicular rolling direction2O3The vickers hardness of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Al prepared in the examples2O3Vickers hardness of reinforced aluminum-based composite material
| Parallel to the rolling direction | Perpendicular to the rolling direction | |
| Example 1 | 57.05 | 55.2 |
| Example 2 | 66.52 | 61.72 |
| Example 3 | 74.12 | 73.54 |
| Example 4 | 72.70 | 71.49 |
| Example 5 | 53.34 | 52.12 |
| Industrial pure aluminum plate | 20.40 | 20.00 |
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. Al (aluminum)2O3The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that the raw material of the composite material comprises 5 to 25 weight percent of Al2O3And 75-95% of a base material;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out oxidation treatment on aluminum powder to obtain the Al2O3；
S2: respectively pretreating the base material and the stainless steel plate;
s3: folding the smooth surface of the pretreated stainless steel plate and pressing the stainless steel plate into a stainless steel envelope;
s4: al of step S12O3Placing on the pretreated base material, and placing Al of step S12O3The base material is folded in half, so that the base material wraps the Al of the step S12O3Then, sealing the periphery of the base material and putting the base material into the stainless steel envelope;
s5: rolling the stainless steel envelope which is provided with the base material with the periphery sealed in the step S4, folding the stainless steel envelope in half along the length direction of the stainless steel envelope after each rolling pass, and rolling the stainless steel envelope for the next pass until the set pass;
in step S1, the step of oxidizing includes subjecting Al2O3Treating the aluminum powder in a crucible, and flatly paving the aluminum powder on the treated Al2O3In the crucible, sequentially carrying out primary heating, stirring and secondary heating treatment to obtain the Al2O3；
The temperature of the first heating and the second heating is 500-600 ℃, the time is 8-12h, and the devices are resistance heat treatment furnaces.
2. Al according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps of, by weight percentage, 10-22% of said Al2O3And 78-90% of a matrix material.
3. Al according to claim 22O3The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps of preparing the reinforced aluminum-based composite material, wherein the raw material of the composite material comprises 15-20% of Al in percentage by weight2O3And 80-85% of a matrix material.
4. Al according to claim 12O3A method for producing a reinforced aluminum-based composite material, wherein Al is added2O3The step of treating the crucible includes baking Al2O3Crucible of baked Al2O3Placing the crucible in air to cool to room temperature; the baking temperature is 500-600 ℃, the baking time is 25-35min, and the equipment is a resistance heat treatment furnace.
5. Al according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following pretreatment steps in step S2: treating the base material by using sand paper, absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone; and (3) treating the stainless steel plate by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone.
6. Al according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that in the step S5, the set pass is 10-20 times.
7. Al according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the steps of S3 and S5, wherein the pressing and rolling are performed by a double-roller cold rolling mill, the rotating speed of a motor of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 1400-1500r/min, the rolling speed of two rollers of the double-roller cold rolling mill is 10-20m/min, and the reduction of the thickness of a rolled sample in each pass is 40-55%.
8. Al according to claim 12O3A method for preparing a reinforced aluminum matrix composite, wherein,
the substrate material adopts an industrial pure aluminum plate;
the purity of the aluminum powder is 99-99.99%, and the average particle size is 0.8-1.5 mm;
the thickness of the stainless steel plate is 0.4-0.6 mm.
9. Al according to claim 82O3The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following step of preparing an industrial pure aluminum plate with the purity of 99-99.999% and the thickness of 0.05-0.2 mm.
10. Al obtainable by the process of any of claims 1 to 92O3A reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
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