CN112625805A - Method for synthesizing biodiesel under catalysis of solid acid catalyst - Google Patents

Method for synthesizing biodiesel under catalysis of solid acid catalyst Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112625805A
CN112625805A CN202011009377.5A CN202011009377A CN112625805A CN 112625805 A CN112625805 A CN 112625805A CN 202011009377 A CN202011009377 A CN 202011009377A CN 112625805 A CN112625805 A CN 112625805A
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China
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acid
waste oil
biodiesel
restaurant
oil
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
程正载
孙欣
贾如艳
熊景
陈俊
袁贝贝
马里奥高斯尔
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Wuhan University of Science and Engineering WUSE
Wuhan University of Science and Technology WHUST
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Wuhan University of Science and Engineering WUSE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
    • C11C3/10—Ester interchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/16—Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a utilization method. The invention comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking waste catering oil as a raw material, carrying out mechanical impurity removal and dehydration pretreatment, then taking a sulfonic acid type solid acid as a catalyst, adding methanol for carrying out ester exchange reaction, and settling, separating and refining the product to obtain the biodiesel. The process avoids the use of corrosive liquid acid such as concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst in the conventional process. The synthesis of the biodiesel by catalyzing the restaurant waste oil and fat by using the sulfonic acid type solid acid catalyst has the following advantages: the catalyst has the advantages of low corrosivity, recyclability, high catalytic efficiency, greatly shortened reaction time, improved product yield, reduced alcohol-oil ratio in the ester exchange reaction process, resource saving and low energy consumption.

Description

Method for synthesizing biodiesel under catalysis of solid acid catalyst
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for producing biodiesel by taking solid acid as a catalyst and restaurant waste grease and methanol as raw materials.
Background
The sources of waste oil and fat generated in catering, oil and fat processing industries and the like are sufficient, and the total amount exceeds 1000 ten thousand tons per year. At present, over 3000 million tons of vegetable oil are consumed in China every year, a large amount of waste oil is directly generated, 300 million tons of catering waste oil is generated in the development of catering industry of large and medium cities, and the production of biodiesel by using the catering waste oil has important value.
The waste oil contains more free fatty acid, liquid alkali such as potassium hydroxide is used as a catalyst (the reference document: Liu Jing, Fang Li, tea oil foot oil for preparing biodiesel [ J ]. novel chemical materials 2015,43(11): 108:. 110.), a large amount of soap and water are formed in the production process, the emulsification phenomenon is easy to form, the activity of the catalyst is reduced, the methyl ester, glycerol and water are difficult to separate, the subsequent treatment is complicated, and the cost for producing the biodiesel is increased. The method takes concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst, oleic acid as a raw material reactant, and methanol are subjected to esterification reaction to prepare biodiesel (reference document: Wang Tianren, Min, etc., research on biodiesel prepared by a high-acid-value oil one-step method [ J ]. solar energy academic report, 2019,40(3): 838-.
The invention adopts sulfonic acid type solid acid as a catalyst, has the same acidity as strong proton acid such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, has the characteristics of non-volatility, no odor and extremely low toxicity to human bodies, and has smaller corrosion effect on iron compared with concentrated sulfuric acid. The pretreated high-acid-value waste oil can be efficiently converted into a biodiesel crude product under the catalysis of the sulfonic acid type solid acid, and is environment-friendly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for efficiently producing biodiesel by catalyzing waste grease and methanol through ester exchange reaction by adopting a solid acid catalyst.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
1) centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove mechanical impurities, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain pretreated restaurant waste oil;
2) stirring and reacting the pretreated restaurant waste oil, methanol and a solid acid catalyst at 55-70 ℃ for 60-80 min, standing for 0.5-2 h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating to remove methanol to obtain biodiesel; the lower layer liquid was evaporated to remove methanol to give glycerol.
The preparation method of the biodiesel is characterized in that the solid acid catalyst is one of sulfanilic acid, lignosulfonic acid, 4-bromobenzene sulfonic acid, o-methoxybenzene sulfonic acid, 2, 4-dimethoxybenzene sulfonic acid, p-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid, o-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid, 2, 4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and 2,4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid.
The preparation method of the biodiesel is characterized in that in the step 2), the mass ratio of methanol to the pretreated restaurant waste oil and solid acid catalyst is (30-45): 100: (0.10-0.40).
Advantageous effects
1. The method has the advantages that the sulfonic acid type solid acid is used as the catalyst, the catalytic action on esterification is remarkable, compared with other catalysts, the reaction efficiency is high, the reaction time is short, the catalyst dosage is small, the yield of the biodiesel is high, the alcohol/oil ratio is low, the material consumption and the energy consumption can be greatly reduced (see table 1), and the method can be used for preparing the biodiesel by the catalytic reaction of vegetable oil with high acid value or acidified oil or waste catering oil and fat.
2. When concentrated sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst to catalyze the ester exchange reaction between waste oil and methanol to prepare biodiesel (reference document: Belchangdong, Licorson, Lieberry, microwave-assisted kitchen garbage to prepare biodiesel [ J ]. modern chemical engineering, 2019,39(06): 144-148), equipment is seriously corroded, the yield of the biodiesel is low (60.17%), products are not easily separated after reaction, a sulfonic acid type solid acid catalyst has small corrosion effect on the equipment, can be recycled after catalytic reaction, has small environmental pollution, and is low in product coloring degree and easy to separate. The method for producing fatty acid methyl ester by using cheap oil such as waste oil in catering industry as raw material can reduce environmental pollution, change waste into valuable and has good economic and environmental benefits.
Detailed Description
The experimental protocol is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
Example 1:
weighing 50.0g of restaurant waste oil, centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove impurities mechanically, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain the pretreated restaurant waste oil. The mass ratio of the pretreated waste cooking oil to the methanol to the sulfanilic acid is 100: 45: 0.10, stirring and reacting for 60min at 60 ℃, standing for 1h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating and recovering methanol to obtain biodiesel; the lower layer liquid is taken out and evaporated to recover methanol and glycerin, and the yield of the biodiesel reaches 92.5 percent.
Example 2:
weighing 50.0g of restaurant waste oil, centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove impurities mechanically, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain the pretreated restaurant waste oil. The mass ratio of the pretreated waste restaurant oil and fat, methanol and lignosulfonic acid is 100: 45: 0.40, stirring and reacting for 60min at 60 ℃, standing for 1h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating and recovering methanol to obtain biodiesel; and (3) taking the lower layer liquid, evaporating to remove methanol, recovering glycerol, and simultaneously recovering the glycerol, wherein the yield of the biodiesel reaches 96.9%.
Example 3:
weighing 50.0g of restaurant waste oil, centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove impurities mechanically, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain the pretreated restaurant waste oil. The mass ratio of the pretreated waste restaurant oil to the methanol to the 4-bromobenzenesulfonic acid is 100: 45: 0.27, stirring and reacting for 60min at 60 ℃, standing for 1h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating and recovering methanol to obtain biodiesel; the lower layer liquid is taken out and evaporated to recover methanol and glycerin, and the yield of the biodiesel reaches 94.4 percent.
Example 4:
weighing 50.0g of restaurant waste oil, centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove impurities mechanically, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain the pretreated restaurant waste oil. The mass ratio of the pretreated waste restaurant oil to the methanol to the o-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid is 100: 45: 0.12, stirring and reacting for 60min at 60 ℃, standing for 1h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating and recovering methanol to obtain biodiesel; the lower layer liquid is taken out to recover methanol and glycerin simultaneously through evaporation, and the yield of the biodiesel reaches 93.1 percent.
Example 5:
weighing 50.0g of restaurant waste oil, centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove impurities mechanically, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain the pretreated restaurant waste oil. The mass ratio of the pretreated waste restaurant oil, methanol and 2, 4-dimethoxy benzene sulfonic acid is 100: 45: 0.18, stirring and reacting for 60min at 60 ℃, standing for 1h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating and recovering methanol to obtain biodiesel; the lower layer liquid is taken out and evaporated to recover methanol and glycerin, and the yield of the biodiesel reaches 92.7 percent.
Example 6:
weighing 50.0g of restaurant waste oil, centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove impurities mechanically, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain the pretreated restaurant waste oil. The mass ratio of the pretreated waste restaurant oil to the methanol to the p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid is 100: 45: 0.15, stirring and reacting for 60min at 60 ℃, standing for 1h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating and recovering methanol to obtain biodiesel; the lower layer liquid is taken out and evaporated to recover methanol and glycerin, and the yield of the biodiesel reaches 94.0 percent.
Example 7:
weighing 50.0g of restaurant waste oil, centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove impurities mechanically, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain the pretreated restaurant waste oil. The mass ratio of the pretreated waste restaurant oil to the methanol to the o-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid is 100: 45: 0.14, stirring and reacting for 60min at 60 ℃, standing for 1h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating and recovering methanol to obtain the biodiesel; the lower layer liquid is taken out and evaporated to recover methanol and glycerin, and the yield of the biodiesel reaches 94.0 percent.
Example 8:
weighing 50.0g of restaurant waste oil, centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove impurities mechanically, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain the pretreated restaurant waste oil. The mass ratio of the pretreated waste restaurant grease, methanol and 2, 4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid is 100: 45: 0.24, stirring and reacting for 60min at 60 ℃, standing for 1h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating and recovering methanol to obtain biodiesel; the lower layer liquid is taken out to recover methanol and glycerin simultaneously through evaporation, and the yield of the biodiesel reaches 93.8 percent.
Example 9:
weighing 50.0g of restaurant waste oil, centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove impurities mechanically, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain the pretreated restaurant waste oil. The mass ratio of the pretreated waste restaurant grease, methanol and 2,4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid is 100: 45: 0.32, stirring and reacting for 60min at 60 ℃, standing for 1h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating and recovering methanol to obtain biodiesel; the lower layer liquid is taken out and evaporated to recover methanol and glycerin, and the yield of the biodiesel reaches 95.3 percent.
Example 10
Washing the recovered sulfanilic acid with ethanol, adding concentrated sulfuric acid, sulfonating at 150 ℃ for 1h, and regenerating the used sulfanilic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the sulfanilic acid is 15: 1, the regenerated sulfanilic acid is marked as A. Weighing 50.0g of restaurant waste oil, centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove impurities mechanically, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain the pretreated restaurant waste oil. The mass ratio of the pretreated waste cooking oil to the methanol to the sulfanilic acid is 100: 45: 0.10, stirring and reacting for 60min at 60 ℃, standing for 1h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating and recovering methanol to obtain biodiesel; the lower layer liquid is taken out to recover methanol and glycerin simultaneously through evaporation, and the yield of the biodiesel reaches 89.4 percent.
TABLE 1 comparison of the results of the synthesis of biodiesel catalyzed by sulfonic acid type solid acid catalyst and the catalysts in the literature
Figure 663658DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
[ Note 1] Wang Tianren, True nationality, Mayi, etc. research on biodiesel preparation from high acid value oil by one-step method [ J ] solar energy bulletin, 2019,40(3):838 one 842.
In conclusion, the sulfonic acid type solid acid is used as the catalyst, has obvious catalytic action on the ester exchange reaction between the waste oil and the methanol, and has the advantages of high reaction efficiency, short reaction time, less catalyst consumption, high yield of the biodiesel, low alcohol/oil ratio, greatly reduced material consumption and energy consumption, small corrosion on equipment, low coloring degree of products and easy separation compared with other catalysts. The sulfonic acid type solid acid after catalytic reaction can be recycled for recycling, has little pollution to the environment, and can be used for preparing biodiesel by the catalytic reaction of vegetable oil with high acid value or acidified oil or waste catering grease.

Claims (3)

1. A method for producing biodiesel by catalyzing restaurant waste oil through a solid acid catalyst comprises the following steps:
1) centrifuging the restaurant waste oil to remove mechanical impurities, and removing water from the restaurant waste oil to obtain pretreated restaurant waste oil;
2) stirring and reacting the pretreated restaurant waste oil, methanol and a solid acid catalyst at 55-70 ℃ for 60-80 min, standing for 0.5-2 h, layering, taking the upper layer liquid, and evaporating to recover methanol to obtain biodiesel; the lower layer liquid was evaporated to remove methanol and glycerol was recovered.
2. The method for producing biodiesel by catalyzing restaurant waste oil and fat with the solid acid catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the solid acid catalyst is one of sulfanilic acid, lignosulfonic acid, 4-bromobenzenesulfonic acid, o-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid, 2, 4-dimethoxybenzenesulfonic acid, p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, o-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, 2, 4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and 2,4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.
3. The method for producing biodiesel by catalyzing restaurant waste oil and fat with the solid acid catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the mass ratio of the methanol to the pretreated restaurant waste oil and fat to the solid acid catalyst is (30-45): 100: (0.10-0.40).
CN202011009377.5A 2020-09-23 2020-09-23 Method for synthesizing biodiesel under catalysis of solid acid catalyst Pending CN112625805A (en)

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JP2008001856A (en) * 2006-06-26 2008-01-10 Doshisha Method for producing biodiesel fuel
CN101396668A (en) * 2008-10-23 2009-04-01 福建师范大学 Preparation method of lignosulphonate solid catalyst for producing biology diesel oil
CN101550348A (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-07 西安市宝润实业发展有限公司 Processing technology for preparing biodiesel and byproducts thereof by multistage molecular distillation
CN102824928A (en) * 2012-09-14 2012-12-19 聊城大学 Solid acid catalyst for preparing biodiesel and preparation method as well as application of solid acid catalyst
CN103614244A (en) * 2013-12-02 2014-03-05 江南大学 Method for preparing biodiesel by using carbon-based sulfonic acid functionalized solid acid as catalyst
CN104892809A (en) * 2015-05-11 2015-09-09 江南大学 Synthesized biodiesel sulfonic acid funtionalized polymer catalyst, and preparation method thereof
US20150322359A1 (en) * 2013-03-20 2015-11-12 M Energy Co., Ltd. Method for preparing biodiesel

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008001856A (en) * 2006-06-26 2008-01-10 Doshisha Method for producing biodiesel fuel
CN101550348A (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-07 西安市宝润实业发展有限公司 Processing technology for preparing biodiesel and byproducts thereof by multistage molecular distillation
CN101396668A (en) * 2008-10-23 2009-04-01 福建师范大学 Preparation method of lignosulphonate solid catalyst for producing biology diesel oil
CN102824928A (en) * 2012-09-14 2012-12-19 聊城大学 Solid acid catalyst for preparing biodiesel and preparation method as well as application of solid acid catalyst
US20150322359A1 (en) * 2013-03-20 2015-11-12 M Energy Co., Ltd. Method for preparing biodiesel
CN103614244A (en) * 2013-12-02 2014-03-05 江南大学 Method for preparing biodiesel by using carbon-based sulfonic acid functionalized solid acid as catalyst
CN104892809A (en) * 2015-05-11 2015-09-09 江南大学 Synthesized biodiesel sulfonic acid funtionalized polymer catalyst, and preparation method thereof

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