CN112625457A - 一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112625457A CN112625457A CN202110070094.XA CN202110070094A CN112625457A CN 112625457 A CN112625457 A CN 112625457A CN 202110070094 A CN202110070094 A CN 202110070094A CN 112625457 A CN112625457 A CN 112625457A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- straw
- corn
- corn straws
- soaking
- initiator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011837 N,N-methylenebisacrylamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CJCLDCFGJRZTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tri(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C=C)(C(C)C)C(C)C CJCLDCFGJRZTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/048—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase
- C08J2201/0484—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase the liquid phase being aqueous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2397/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
- C08J2397/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2433/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2433/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2433/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C08J2433/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2479/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2461/00 - C08J2477/00
- C08J2479/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体,由玉米秸秆,二氧化硅,聚吡咯以及甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸,丙烯酰胺,N,N‑亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的共聚物组成。其制备方法为:玉米秸秆粉碎,碱洗,干燥后加入到硅酸钠水溶液中,得秸秆基凝胶后,于硅烷偶联剂的乙醇溶液中浸泡后,再在甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N‑亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的乙醇溶液中浸泡并进行聚合反应后,包裹聚吡咯,冷冻干燥即可。本发明所制备的玉米秸秆太阳能蒸发体为具有高吸水,高孔隙含量的气凝胶,确保所需蒸发水的充分,具有优异隔热性能,减少传导而产生的热量损失,扩大应用范围,提高蒸汽产生率。且该太阳能蒸发体具有良好耐盐及防止盐颗粒的堆积性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物材料领域,具体涉及一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展以及环境污染,水资源匮乏日益突出,由于海水资源丰富,因此海水淡化成为重点研究方向,如反渗透,膜脱盐,超滤,这些脱盐技术往往成本高、耗能高昂未得到推广,太阳能作为一种可再生清洁能源受到人们广泛关注。目前,太阳能界面蒸发,即通过将一种具有多孔结构的蒸发体漂浮于水面上,在水-空气界面处进行光热转换形成局部热区,同时蒸发体的内部多孔结构通过毛细作用向顶部热区连续供水,从而引起蒸发。具有简单、成本低等优点而引起人们关注。高效界面光热的太阳能蒸发器需要包括宽频光吸收、热转换、水传导和水蒸发四个关键因素。然而,普通的多孔介质在饱和液相状态下的热导率会大幅增加,增大了热量向下方水体的散失,使其蒸发性能受限。另外,当前报道的大部分蒸发体石墨烯泡沫、碳海绵等还存在着成本昂贵的问题。玉米秸秆内部具有复杂的多孔结构,可以在高效输水的同时保持良好的隔热,可以作为水蒸气蒸发体使用。使用玉米秸秆作为太阳能蒸汽发生体可以回收利用农业残留物,为大规模经济的海水淡化和废水处理开辟了新途径。然而,目前关于玉米秸秆用于太阳能蒸发器中的研究还存在光热效率低,且玉米秸秆使用多孔结构的蒸发体漂浮于水面上,在水-空气界面处进行光热转换形成局部热区,同时蒸发体的内部多孔结构通过毛细作用向顶部热区连续供水,从而引起蒸发。目前关于玉米秸秆太阳能蒸发体还存光热效率低,且只能应用于漂浮水面上,需垂直排列而受到限制。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体及其制备方法,解决了玉米秸秆太阳能增发体光热效率低,且应用方式受到限制的问题。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体,由玉米秸秆,二氧化硅,聚吡咯以及甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸,丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的共聚物组成;所述太阳能蒸发体为一种气凝胶,具有三层结构,内部为玉米秸秆,外部包裹有二氧化硅及甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸,丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的共聚物,最外层为聚吡咯。
本发明还提供一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取玉米秸秆剪切成 2~5cm,用水清洗,晾干后,粉碎机成40~100目的粒子,加入到质量浓度为1~3%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,40~60℃下,搅拌20~60 min,抽滤,用水洗涤至中性,真空烘箱中干燥12h;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理过的玉米秸秆加入到硅酸钠水溶液中,搅拌至全部溶解; 再向其中加入质量浓度为5~15 %的硫酸,调节pH 值至1~2,然后加入碱性试剂至pH 值为5.0~8.0,搅拌,静置后形成凝胶,用去离子水洗涤后,无水乙醇浸泡24 h,得秸秆基凝胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得秸秆基凝胶在40~60℃下于硅烷偶联剂的乙醇溶液中,浸泡2h,随后于甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的乙醇溶液中10℃~30℃浸泡24h后,移入引发剂的乙醇溶液中,10℃~30℃浸泡2h后,70℃下反应2h,得到秸秆基聚合物凝胶;
(4)步骤(3)所得秸秆基聚合物凝胶以及FeCl3,加入到去离子水中,在氮气保护下,15~35℃搅拌 1h后,5℃下加入吡咯,反应 4小时后,冷冻干燥,即得秸秆基聚合物气凝胶。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述硅酸钠水溶液质量浓度为40%。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述碱性试剂为质量浓度为5~10%的氢氧化钠水溶液或1.0~3.0 mol/L的氨水溶液。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷,甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,乙烯基三异丙基硅烷中的一种或几种;所述硅烷偶联剂的乙醇溶液中硅烷偶联剂的质量浓度为10~30%。
优选的步骤(3)所述引发剂为偶氮类引发剂,可以是偶氮二异丁基引发剂或偶氮二异庚腈引发剂,所述引发剂的乙醇溶液中引发剂的质量浓度为0.1~1%。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明通过分子设计,设计出具有高吸水,高孔洞孔隙的气凝胶,内部具有储水功能,确保所需蒸发水的充分,且该凝胶表面含有聚吡咯层,进行光吸收,将光能转换为热能,进行水的蒸发。且表面聚吡咯层形成一定疏水区域,防止水分进行蒸发时,向内部扩散,增加热量损失,降低蒸汽生产率,同时水分蒸发引起水分减少后,玉米秸秆及二氧化硅,聚吡咯以及丙烯酸,丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的共聚物向表层进行水分释放,确保水分充足。
2、本发明所制备的太阳能蒸发体具有N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联结构,具有耐盐性,且二氧化硅形成孔隙具有优异隔热性能,表面具有一定疏水区的聚吡咯能够减少盐颗粒的堆积。
3、本发明所设计的太阳能蒸发体具有为三维结构,相比单层或双层漂浮光热材料,可更有效地维持更快速的水传输及水蒸发;且本发明所设计的具有储水功能,无需时刻漂浮在水面上与水接触,同时形成的孔隙具有优异隔热性能,可以尽可能消除由于传导而产生的热量损失,扩大应用范围,大大提高蒸汽产生率。
具体实施方式
下述非限制性实施例可以使本领域的普通技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
利用红外摄像机记录表面温度的变化及电子分析天平测量了由于水蒸气产生的水随时间的质量变化,来测定太阳能转换效率即水蒸发速率。
实施例1
(1)取玉米秸秆剪切成 2cm,用水清洗,晾干后,粉碎机成40目的粒子,加入到质量浓度为1的氢氧化钠水溶液中,40℃下搅拌20min,抽滤,用水洗涤至中性,真空烘箱中干燥12h;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理过的10g玉米秸秆加入到50g的40%质量浓度硅酸钠水溶液中,搅拌至全部溶解; 再向其中加入质量浓度为5%的硫酸,调节pH 值至1,然后加入质量浓度为5%的氢氧化钠水溶液至pH值为5.0,搅拌,静置后形成凝胶,用去离子水洗涤后,无水乙醇浸泡24 h,得秸秆基凝胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得秸秆基凝胶在40℃下于质量浓度为10%的乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷的乙醇溶液中,浸泡2h,随后于甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的乙醇溶液中10℃浸泡24h后,移入质量浓度为0.01%的偶氮二异丁基的乙醇溶液中,10℃浸泡2h后,70℃下反应2h,得到秸秆基聚合物凝胶;其中甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的乙醇溶液中,甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,乙醇的质量分别为5g,4g,4g,4g,2g,50g;
(4)步骤(3)所得秸秆基聚合物凝胶以及1g FeCl3,加入到去离子水中,在氮气保护下,15℃搅拌 1h后,5℃下加入5g吡咯,反应 4小时后,冷冻干燥,即得秸秆基聚合物气凝胶。1个太阳光照强度下太阳能水蒸发速率为2.9 kg·m-2·h-1。
实施例2
(1)取玉米秸秆剪切成 3cm,用水清洗,晾干后,粉碎机成60目的粒子,加入到质量浓度为2%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,50℃,搅拌40 min,抽滤,用水洗涤至中性,真空烘箱中干燥12h;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理过的10g玉米秸秆加入到50g的40%质量浓度的硅酸钠水溶液中,搅拌至全部溶解; 再向其中加入质量浓度为10 %的硫酸,调节pH 值至2,然后加入10%的氢氧化钠水溶液至pH 值为6.0,搅拌,静置后形成凝胶,用去离子水洗涤后,无水乙醇浸泡24 h,得秸秆基凝胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得秸秆基凝胶在50℃下于质量浓度为20%甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的乙醇溶液中,浸泡2h,随后于甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的乙醇溶液中20℃浸泡24h后,移入质量浓度为0.5%偶氮二异庚腈引发剂的乙醇溶液中,20℃浸泡2h后,70℃下反应2h,得到秸秆基聚合物凝胶;其中甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的乙醇溶液中,甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,乙醇的质量分别为5g,4g,4g,4g,2g,50g;
(4)步骤(3)所得秸秆基聚合物凝胶以及1.5g FeCl3,加入到去离子水中,在氮气保护下,20℃搅拌 1h后,5℃下加入6g吡咯,反应 4小时后,冷冻干燥,即得秸秆基聚合物气凝胶。1个太阳光照强度下太阳能水蒸发速率为3.1 kg·m-2·h-1。
实施例3
(1)取玉米秸秆剪切成 5cm,用水清洗,晾干后,粉碎机成100目的粒子,加入到质量浓度为3%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,60℃下搅拌60 min,抽滤,用水洗涤至中性,真空烘箱中干燥12h;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理过的8g玉米秸秆加入到质量浓度为40%的硅酸钠水溶液中,搅拌至全部溶解; 再向其中加入质量浓度为15%的硫酸,调节pH 值至2,然后加入3.0 mol/L的氨水溶液至pH 值为8.0,搅拌,静置后形成凝胶,用去离子水洗涤后,无水乙醇浸泡24h,得秸秆基凝胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得秸秆基凝胶在60℃下于质量浓度为30%乙烯基三异丙基硅烷的乙醇溶液中,浸泡2h,随后于甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的乙醇溶液中30℃浸泡24h后,移入到质量浓度为0.1~1%偶氮类引发剂的乙醇溶液中,30℃浸泡2h后,70℃下反应2h,得到秸秆基聚合物凝胶;其中甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的乙醇溶液中,甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,乙醇的质量分别为4g,5g,5g,3g,1g,50g;
(4)步骤(3)所得秸秆基聚合物凝胶以及0.5g FeCl3,加入到去离子水中,在氮气保护下,35℃搅拌 1h后,5℃下加入4g吡咯,反应4小时后,冷冻干燥,即得秸秆基聚合物气凝胶。1个太阳光照强度下太阳能水蒸发速率为2.8kg·m-2·h-1。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体,其特征在于,由玉米秸秆,二氧化硅,聚吡咯以及甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸,丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的共聚物组成;所述太阳能蒸发体为一种气凝胶,具有三层结构,内部为玉米秸秆,外部包裹有二氧化硅及丙烯酸,丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的共聚物,最外层为聚吡咯。
2.一种基于制备权利1所述玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)取玉米秸秆剪切成 2~5cm,用水清洗,晾干后,粉碎机成40~100目的粒子,加入到质量浓度为1~3%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,40~60℃下搅拌20~60 min,抽滤,用水洗涤至中性,真空烘箱中干燥12h;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理过的玉米秸秆加入到硅酸钠水溶液中,搅拌至全部溶解; 再向其中加入质量浓度为5~15 %的硫酸,调节pH 值至1~2,然后加入碱性试剂至pH 值为5.0~8.0,搅拌,静置后形成凝胶,用去离子水洗涤后,无水乙醇浸泡24 h,得秸秆基凝胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得秸秆基凝胶在40~60℃下于硅烷偶联剂的乙醇溶液中,浸泡2h,随后于甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的乙醇溶液中10℃~30℃浸泡24h后,移入引发剂的乙醇溶液中,10℃~30℃浸泡2h后,70℃下反应2h,得到秸秆基聚合物凝胶;
(4)步骤(3)所得秸秆基聚合物凝胶以及FeCl3,加入到去离子水中,在氮气保护下,15~35℃搅拌 1h后,5℃下加入吡咯,反应 4小时后,冷冻干燥,即得秸秆基聚合物气凝胶。
3.根据权利2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述硅酸钠水溶液质量浓度为40%。
4.根据权利2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述碱性试剂为质量浓度为5~10%的氢氧化钠水溶液或1.0~3.0 mol/L的氨水溶液。
5.根据权利2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷,甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,乙烯基三异丙基硅烷中的一种或几种;所述硅烷偶联剂的乙醇溶液中硅烷偶联剂的质量浓度为10~30%。
6.根据权利2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述引发剂为偶氮类引发剂,可以是偶氮二异丁基引发剂或偶氮二异庚腈引发剂,所述引发剂的乙醇溶液中引发剂的质量浓度为0.1~1%。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110070094.XA CN112625457B (zh) | 2021-01-19 | 2021-01-19 | 一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110070094.XA CN112625457B (zh) | 2021-01-19 | 2021-01-19 | 一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112625457A true CN112625457A (zh) | 2021-04-09 |
CN112625457B CN112625457B (zh) | 2022-06-24 |
Family
ID=75294654
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110070094.XA Active CN112625457B (zh) | 2021-01-19 | 2021-01-19 | 一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN112625457B (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113181778A (zh) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-30 | 湖北工业大学 | 基于茶的光热海水淡化膜的制备方法以及光热海水淡化膜 |
CN115301674A (zh) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-08 | 福建农林大学 | 一种基于向日葵秸秆髓芯制备太阳能水蒸发材料的方法及其应用 |
WO2024016454A1 (zh) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-01-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种作物秸秆基海水淡化器的制备方法及其产品 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109734148A (zh) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-10 | 菏泽学院 | 一种用于太阳能蒸发水的生物质碳材料的制备方法及其应用 |
CN111040254A (zh) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-04-21 | 苏州纤创智造新材料科技有限公司 | 一种纤维素基光热转换凝胶材料及其制备方法 |
CN111116976A (zh) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 东华大学 | 一种纳米纤维气凝胶基太阳能水蒸发器及其制备方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-01-19 CN CN202110070094.XA patent/CN112625457B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109734148A (zh) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-10 | 菏泽学院 | 一种用于太阳能蒸发水的生物质碳材料的制备方法及其应用 |
CN111040254A (zh) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-04-21 | 苏州纤创智造新材料科技有限公司 | 一种纤维素基光热转换凝胶材料及其制备方法 |
CN111116976A (zh) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 东华大学 | 一种纳米纤维气凝胶基太阳能水蒸发器及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
GUANGBAO YE: "Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose fiber-silica nanocomposites", 《LUTPUB》 * |
JIYAN LI等: "Ultralight Biomass Porous Foam with Aligned Hierarchical Channels as Salt-Resistant Solar Steam Generators", 《APPLIED MATERIALS&INTERFACES》 * |
ZHE WANG等: "A wood-polypyrrole composite as a photothermal conversion device for solar evaporation enhancement", 《JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A》 * |
孙琳等: "麦秸秆纤维素与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备耐盐性吸水树脂的研究", 《应用化工》 * |
许颖: "太阳能界面蒸发体的设计及其海水淡化特性的研究", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(博士) 基础科学辑》 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113181778A (zh) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-30 | 湖北工业大学 | 基于茶的光热海水淡化膜的制备方法以及光热海水淡化膜 |
WO2024016454A1 (zh) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-01-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种作物秸秆基海水淡化器的制备方法及其产品 |
CN115301674A (zh) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-08 | 福建农林大学 | 一种基于向日葵秸秆髓芯制备太阳能水蒸发材料的方法及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112625457B (zh) | 2022-06-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN112625457B (zh) | 一种基于玉米秸秆的太阳能蒸发体及其制备方法 | |
Chen et al. | Recent progress in solar photothermal steam technology for water purification and energy utilization | |
CN110105917B (zh) | 一种光热复合材料及其制备方法与应用 | |
Wang et al. | Recent progress on the solar‐driven interfacial evaporation based on natural products and synthetic polymers | |
CN107338642A (zh) | 一种功能化非织造布海水淡化材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
WO2021047682A1 (zh) | 一种海水淡化系统 | |
CN110003509B (zh) | 一种具有光热转化功能的石墨烯/纳米纤维杂化凝胶膜的制备方法 | |
Zhang et al. | Improving seawater desalination efficiency by solar driven interfacial evaporation based on biochar evaporator of Nannochloropsis oculata residue | |
CN111892742A (zh) | 一种光热转化高分子太阳能吸收材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
Ma et al. | Biomimetic vertically aligned aerogel with synergistic photothermal effect enables efficient solar-driven desalination | |
CN113860413B (zh) | 一种基于生物质水凝胶/纳米碳材的太阳能蒸发器及其应用 | |
Karami et al. | Materials and structures engineering of sun-light absorbers for efficient direct solar steam generation | |
CN110372056A (zh) | 利用多种物理场进行高速蒸发的蒸发装置及蒸发系统 | |
CN114405421A (zh) | 一种纤维素纳米纤维气凝胶光热界面水蒸发材料及其制备方法 | |
CN109929518A (zh) | 一种氧化石墨烯气凝胶热化学储热复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN114230849A (zh) | 一种具有高效光热转换的多孔气凝胶制备方法 | |
CN114506892A (zh) | 一种光热界面蒸发器及其制备方法和应用 | |
Li et al. | Highly efficient carbonization of nanocellulose to biocarbon aerogels with ultrahigh light absorption efficiency and evaporation rate as bifunctional solar/electric driven steam generator for water purification | |
Huang et al. | Nature-inspired pyramid-shaped 3-dimensional structure for cost-effective heat-localized solar evaporation with high efficiency and salt localization | |
CN101591132A (zh) | 一种城市污泥脱水方法 | |
Jing et al. | Hydrogels as promising platforms for solar-driven water evaporators | |
Zheng et al. | Compressible polyaniline-coated sodium alginate-cattail fiber foam for efficient and salt-resistant solar steam generation | |
Wu et al. | A self-floating photothermal evaporator with 3D gradient water channel for highly efficient solar seawater desalination | |
CN112500586A (zh) | 一种双层-各向异性结构壳聚糖基凝胶材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN112093837A (zh) | 基于清洁能源的海水淡化处理方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |