CN112624890B - Explosive for rock blasting and rock blasting method - Google Patents

Explosive for rock blasting and rock blasting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112624890B
CN112624890B CN202011619440.7A CN202011619440A CN112624890B CN 112624890 B CN112624890 B CN 112624890B CN 202011619440 A CN202011619440 A CN 202011619440A CN 112624890 B CN112624890 B CN 112624890B
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explosive
parts
sulfate
rock blasting
blasting
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CN112624890A (en
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张云剑
常吕平
戴相龙
周鸣浩
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Guizhou Anxin League Blasting Engineering Co ltd
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Guizhou Anxin League Blasting Engineering Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/28Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
    • C06B31/32Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B31/38Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic
    • C06B31/40Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0008Compounding the ingredient
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B25/04Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D1/00Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D3/00Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an explosive for rock blasting, a preparation method thereof and a blasting method, wherein the explosive for rock blasting comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of explosive, 40-45 parts of molybdenum trioxide powder, 5-10 parts of inorganic ammonium compound, 2-5 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and 2-3 parts of sulfate; the preparation method comprises the following steps: and (3) weighing molybdenum trioxide powder, inorganic ammonium compound, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and sulfate with certain mass, adding the molybdenum trioxide powder, the inorganic ammonium compound, the N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the sulfate into a solvent, heating and stirring uniformly, adding an explosive, stirring uniformly, and volatilizing and drying to obtain crystals, namely the explosive for rock blasting. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the preparation method is simple, convenient to operate and suitable for amplifying preparation; the prepared explosive for rock blasting has higher energy and higher blasting speed, accords with the blasting standard, and is suitable for blasting in harder places such as rock and the like.

Description

Explosive for rock blasting and rock blasting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of explosives and preparation methods thereof, and particularly relates to an explosive for rock blasting and a rock blasting method thereof.
Background
The explosive is a substance which can be burnt and exploded in a very short time, and is a substance which can be exploded by self energy under the action of certain external energy. Generally, the chemical and physical properties of the explosive are stable, but no matter whether the environment is sealed or not, the explosive can perform stable detonation work on the outside even under the condition of zero oxygen supply outside only by strong energy excitation. When the explosive explodes, a large amount of heat energy can be released, high-temperature and high-pressure gas can be generated, and the effects of destroying, throwing, compressing and the like on surrounding substances can be achieved.
In order to construct a tunnel or mine for ore exploitation and the like, the mountain stones are required to be blasted by adopting explosives, and the strong blasting power is required on the basis of ensuring safe use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the application occasion of mountain blasting, the invention provides an explosive for rock blasting, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass:
20-30 parts of explosive, 40-45 parts of molybdenum trioxide powder, 5-10 parts of inorganic ammonium compound, 2-5 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and 2-3 parts of sulfate.
The inorganic ammonium compound is one or more selected from ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate.
The particle size of the molybdenum trioxide powder is 2-10 mu m.
The sulfate is one or more of ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, aluminum sulfate and sodium sulfate.
The explosive is TNT, TNB or azole.
As a further improvement of the invention, the invention also comprises 2-3 parts of dispersing agent, wherein the dispersing agent is one or two of stearic acid and ethyl stearate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing the following components in parts by mass: adding molybdenum trioxide powder, inorganic ammonium compound, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and sulfate into a proper amount of solvent, heating and stirring uniformly, wherein the temperature of heating and stirring is 90-105 ℃, the stirring time is 1-2 hours, the solvent is acetone or acetonitrile, and the dosage of the solvent is sufficient to dissolve the components;
2) And weighing the explosive according to the mass ratio, controlling the temperature at 60-90 ℃ when the explosive is added, adding the explosive, stirring and mixing uniformly, and volatilizing and drying to obtain crystals, namely the explosive for rock blasting.
The invention also provides a method for blasting by the explosive for rock blasting, which comprises the steps of 2.6-3 m of excavation and adopting shallow holes with the diameter of 50 mm; the blast holes are uniformly distributed by adopting an equilateral triangle; the minimum resisting line is 1.5-2.5 m, the hole depth is 3-3.5 m, the hole distance is 1-3 m, the row distance is 1.5-2.5 m, and the dosage of single Kong Zha is 1-3.5 kg.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
(1) The preparation method is simple, convenient to operate and suitable for amplifying preparation;
(2) The prepared material has higher energy and higher blasting speed, accords with the blasting standard, and is suitable for blasting in harder places such as rock and the like;
(3) The blasting method is suitable for blasting hard rocks such as mountain bodies, and has good safety and good controllability.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, and it should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
The invention provides an explosive for rock blasting, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 28 parts of TNT, 40 parts of molybdenum trioxide powder, 9 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate and 2 parts of ethyl stearate, wherein the particle size of the molybdenum trioxide powder is 3 mu m;
the preparation method comprises the steps of adding molybdenum trioxide powder, inorganic ammonium compound, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and sulfate into an acetone solvent according to the mass ratio, wherein the dosage of the solvent is that the components are fully dissolved; stirring at 90 ℃ for 1 hour, heating and stirring uniformly, adding explosive at 60 ℃ and stirring uniformly, and volatilizing and drying to obtain crystals, namely the explosive for rock blasting.
Performance measurement results: density of 0.45g/cm 3 According to the method for measuring the detonation velocity of the industrial explosive GB/T13228-1991, the detonation velocity is 3820m/s.
Example 2
The invention provides an explosive for rock blasting, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts of TNT, 45 parts of molybdenum trioxide powder, 6 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 3 parts of stearic acid, wherein the particle size of the molybdenum trioxide powder is 2 mu m;
the preparation method comprises the steps of adding molybdenum trioxide powder, inorganic ammonium compound, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and sulfate into an acetone solvent according to the mass ratio, wherein the dosage of the solvent is that the components are fully dissolved; stirring at 105 ℃ for 2 hours, heating and stirring uniformly, adding explosive at 90 ℃ and stirring uniformly, and volatilizing and drying to obtain crystals, namely the explosive for rock blasting.
Performance measurement results: density of 1.12g/cm 3 According to the method for measuring the detonation velocity of the industrial explosive GB/T13228-1991, the detonation velocity is 2730m/s.
Example 3
The invention provides an explosive for rock blasting, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of TNB, 40 parts of molybdenum trioxide powder, 5 parts of ammonium chloride, 5 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of stearic acid and 1 part of ethyl stearate, wherein the particle size of the molybdenum trioxide powder is 10 mu m;
the preparation method comprises the steps of adding molybdenum trioxide powder, inorganic ammonium compound, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and sulfate into acetonitrile solvent according to mass ratio, wherein the solvent is used for fully dissolving the components; stirring at 100deg.C for 1 hr, heating and stirring, adding explosive at 70deg.C, stirring, and volatilizing and drying to obtain crystal.
Performance measurement results: density of 0.92g/cm 3 According to the method for measuring the detonation velocity of the industrial explosive GB/T13228-1991, the detonation velocity is measured to be 3265m/s.
Example 4
The invention provides an explosive for rock blasting, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of TNB, 42 parts of molybdenum trioxide powder, 7 parts of ammonium carbonate, 4 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and 2 parts of zinc sulfate, wherein the particle size of the molybdenum trioxide powder is 5 mu m;
the preparation method comprises the steps of adding molybdenum trioxide powder, inorganic ammonium compound, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and sulfate into acetonitrile solvent according to mass ratio, wherein the solvent is used for fully dissolving the components; stirring at 95 ℃ for 2 hours, heating and stirring uniformly, adding explosive at 80 ℃ and stirring uniformly, and volatilizing and drying to obtain crystals, namely the explosive for rock blasting.
Performance measurement results: density of 1.25g/cm 3 According to the method for measuring the detonation velocity of the industrial explosive GB/T13228-1991, the detonation velocity is 2670m/s.
Example 5
The invention provides an explosive for rock blasting, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30 parts of TNB, 40 parts of molybdenum trioxide powder, 10 parts of ammonium carbonate, 4 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and 3 parts of aluminum sulfate, wherein the particle size of the molybdenum trioxide powder is 7 mu m;
the preparation method comprises the steps of adding molybdenum trioxide powder, inorganic ammonium compound, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and sulfate into acetonitrile solvent according to mass ratio, wherein the solvent is used for fully dissolving the components; stirring for 1 hour at 95 ℃, heating and stirring uniformly, adding explosive at 70 ℃ and stirring uniformly, and volatilizing and drying to obtain crystals, namely the explosive for rock blasting.
Performance measurement results: density of 1.59g/cm 3 According to the method for measuring the detonation velocity of the industrial explosive GB/T13228-1991, the detonation velocity is 1897m/s.
Example 6
The invention provides an explosive for rock blasting, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts of TNT, 45 parts of molybdenum trioxide powder, 5 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 3 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and 3 parts of sodium sulfate, wherein the particle size of the molybdenum trioxide powder is 3 mu m; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
The preparation method comprises the steps of adding molybdenum trioxide powder, inorganic ammonium compound, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and sulfate into an acetone solvent according to the mass ratio, wherein the dosage of the solvent is that the components are fully dissolved; stirring at 100deg.C for 2 hr, heating and stirring, adding explosive at 80deg.C, stirring, and volatilizing and drying to obtain crystal.
Performance measurement results: density of 1.06g/cm 3 The detonation velocity was measured to be 1987m/s according to the method for measuring detonation velocity of industrial explosive GB/T13228-1991.
Example 7
The invention provides an explosive for rock blasting, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 21 parts of TNT, 42 parts of molybdenum trioxide powder, 6 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 3 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and 3 parts of sodium sulfate, wherein the particle size of the molybdenum trioxide powder is 9 mu m;
the preparation method comprises the steps of adding molybdenum trioxide powder, inorganic ammonium compound, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and sulfate into an acetone solvent according to the mass ratio, wherein the dosage of the solvent is that the components are fully dissolved; stirring at 100deg.C for 2 hr, heating and stirring, adding explosive at 80deg.C, stirring, and volatilizing and drying to obtain crystal.
Performance measurement results: density of 1.26g/cm 3 According to the method for measuring the detonation velocity of the industrial explosive GB/T13228-1991, the detonation velocity is 2088m/s.
Comparative example 1 was set
N-vinyl pyrrolidone and N-vinyl pyrrolidone are not used on the basis of the example 1, and the other components are kept unchanged, so that the preparation method is the same; performance measurement results: density of 0.66g/cm 3 According to the method for measuring the detonation velocity of the industrial explosive GB/T13228-1991, the detonation velocity is 1766m/s.
Comparative example 2 was set
N-vinyl pyrrolidone and N-vinyl pyrrolidone are not used on the basis of the example 2, and the other components are kept unchanged, so that the preparation method is the same; performance measurement results: density of 0.75g/cm 3 The detonation velocity of the industrial explosive is measured to be 1980m/s according to the detonation velocity measuring method of GB/T13228-1991.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The explosive for rock blasting is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of explosive, 40-45 parts of molybdenum trioxide powder, 5-10 parts of inorganic ammonium compound, 2-5 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and 2-3 parts of sulfate; the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) Weighing the following components in parts by mass: adding molybdenum trioxide powder, inorganic ammonium compound, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and sulfate into a proper amount of solvent, heating and stirring uniformly, wherein the temperature of heating and stirring is 90-105 ℃, the stirring time is 1-2 hours, the solvent is acetone or acetonitrile, and the dosage of the solvent is sufficient to dissolve the components; 2) And weighing the explosive according to the mass ratio, controlling the temperature at 60-90 ℃ when the explosive is added, adding the explosive, stirring and mixing uniformly, and volatilizing and drying to obtain crystals, namely the explosive for rock blasting.
2. The explosive for rock blasting according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic ammonium compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium bicarbonate.
3. An explosive for rock blasting according to claim 1, wherein the molybdenum trioxide powder has a particle size of 2-10 μm.
4. The explosive for rock blasting according to claim 1, wherein the sulfate is one or more of ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and sodium sulfate.
5. An explosive for rock blasting according to claim 1, wherein the explosive is TNT, TNB or an azole type explosive.
6. The explosive for rock blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising 2 to 3 parts of a dispersant, wherein the dispersant is one or both of stearic acid and ethyl stearate.
7. A method for blasting by using the explosive for rock blasting according to claim 6, characterized in that a shallow hole with a diameter of 50mm is used for excavating a step of 2.6-3 m; the blast holes are uniformly distributed by adopting an equilateral triangle; the minimum resisting line is 1.5-2.5 m, the hole depth is 3-3.5 m, the hole distance is 1-3 m, the row distance is 1.5-2.5 m, and the dosage of single Kong Zha is 1-3.5 kg.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1428864A (en) * 1973-03-19 1976-03-17 Ici Australia Ltd Gelled water-bearing explosive compositions
US4078495A (en) * 1974-08-15 1978-03-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Control after burnout for reaction steered missiles
USH969H (en) * 1988-03-28 1991-10-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Fire, temperature and shock resistant explosives
US5099008A (en) * 1991-05-20 1992-03-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Process of reducing shock sensitivity of explosive nitramine compounds by crystal modification
CN103881026A (en) * 2014-03-19 2014-06-25 浙江大学 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) microgel as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN110511311A (en) * 2019-06-25 2019-11-29 西安理工大学 High molecular material for explosive modification and preparation method thereof and explosive modification method

Family Cites Families (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3239120A1 (en) * 2016-04-27 2017-11-01 Clariant International Ltd Water resistance additive for ammonium nitrate - fuel oil (anfo) explosives

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1428864A (en) * 1973-03-19 1976-03-17 Ici Australia Ltd Gelled water-bearing explosive compositions
US4078495A (en) * 1974-08-15 1978-03-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Control after burnout for reaction steered missiles
USH969H (en) * 1988-03-28 1991-10-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Fire, temperature and shock resistant explosives
US5099008A (en) * 1991-05-20 1992-03-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Process of reducing shock sensitivity of explosive nitramine compounds by crystal modification
CN103881026A (en) * 2014-03-19 2014-06-25 浙江大学 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) microgel as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN110511311A (en) * 2019-06-25 2019-11-29 西安理工大学 High molecular material for explosive modification and preparation method thereof and explosive modification method

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