CN112624734B - 一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。其技术方案是:以棕刚玉或高铝矾土25~35质量份、废高炉炭砖20~35质量份、广西白泥细粉5~10质量份、废石墨电极细粉10~15质量份、活性氧化铝微粉4~9质量份、硅铁粉5~10质量份、SiBCN微粉5~8质量份为原料,以占所述原料10~25wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂,经湿碾、挤出成型,制得环保型无水炮泥。本发明借助硅铁粉在高温下催化酚醛树脂提高残碳率以及原位形成碳化硅晶须,利用SiBCN在高温抗氧化过程中与活性氧化铝原位形成莫来石和硼酸铝,所制备的环保型无水炮泥的工艺简单、环境友好,具备体积稳定性高、易烧结、高温强度高、抗氧化能力强、抗铁水冲刷能力和抗侵蚀性能优良的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高炉出铁口用耐火材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。
背景技术
炮泥作为排放高炉内熔融铁水和渣的出铁口的封堵用关键耐火材料,需要满足以下要求:能够封堵出铁口并形成稳定的泥包、在规定的时间内容易开口排出熔融铁水、抗侵蚀和耐磨损。因而,在当今高炉大型化的趋势下,随着出铁时间的延长、出铁强度的提高,使得出铁口炮泥面临严峻的挑战。在高炉出铁过程中,炮泥作为渣铁侵蚀和冲刷最严重的区域,其抗铁水冲刷能力、抗渣侵蚀性能、抗氧化性能以及高温体积稳定性直接决定着高炉出铁口的使用寿命。因此,如何提高高炉出铁口炮泥的抗渣/铁水冲刷能力、高温强度和抗氧化性能是制备高性能炮泥的关键。
在国家环境保护的政策下,高炉出铁口用炮泥通过以酚醛树脂取代沥青或焦油为结合剂,制备环保型炮泥。“一种无水环保炮泥”(CN 107285750A)的专利技术,以酚醛树脂为结合剂制备环保炮泥虽然解决了致癌烟气的产生、改善了工人炉前操作环境,但是酚醛树脂经高温碳化形成残碳量较低的玻璃态碳,导致炮泥在高温下的气孔率显著增加。炮泥气孔率的提高严重降低了材料的抗渣侵蚀/渗透性能以及抗铁水冲刷能力,并且炮泥的高温强度也明显下降,缩短了高炉出铁口用炮泥的使用寿命。为解决环保炮泥中残碳量低、高温气孔率高的问题,“高炉用环保炮泥及制备方法”(CN 105439569A)的专利技术,公开了一种添加二茂铁催化剂的环保炮泥,利用二茂铁在高温下对结合剂裂解形成的含碳气体进行吸附、溶解并析出,形成具有晶态结构的碳,能提高结合剂的残碳率,达到降低炮泥高温气孔率的效果。然而,此方法制得的环保炮泥虽解决了结合剂的残碳量低的问题,但是并未提高炮泥的抗氧化性能。炮泥作为高炉出铁口控流部件,在大型高炉高通量、长时间出铁时,必然会因高温氧化而发生结构剥落,导致炮泥的抗铁水冲刷、抗渣侵蚀性能降低。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术缺陷,目的是提供一种工艺简单的高炉出铁口用环保型无水炮泥的制备方法,用该方法制备的环保型无水炮泥易烧结、高温强度高、抗氧化能力强、不污染环境、抗铁水冲刷能力和抗侵蚀性能优良等优点,能够满足高炉出铁口的服役要求。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
原料的成分包括:粒度3~5mm的棕刚玉或高铝矾土25~35质量份、不大于3mm的废高炉炭砖20~35质量份、广西白泥细粉5~10质量份、废石墨电极细粉10~15质量份、活性氧化铝微粉4~9质量份、硅铁粉5~10质量份、SiBCN微粉5~8质量份。以占所述原料10~25wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂。将所述原料和结合剂湿碾20~30分钟,经挤泥机挤出成型,即得环保型无水炮泥。
所述棕刚玉的Al2O3含量≥95wt%;所述高铝矾土的Al2O3含量≥90wt%。
所述废高炉炭砖的颗粒级配是:粒径为1~3mm占所述废高炉炭砖的45~50wt%,粒径小于1mm占所述废高炉炭砖的25~30wt%,粒径小于1mm占所述废高炉炭砖的25~30wt%。
所述废石墨电极细粉中碳含量≥90wt%,粒度≤0.074mm。
所述活性氧化铝微粉中Al2O3含量≥98wt%,粒度≤2μm。
所述硅铁粉中Si含量≥60wt%,粒度≤0.074mm;所述SiBCN微粉的粒度≤5μm。
所述热固性酚醛树脂的残碳率≥44wt%。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下积极效果:
本发明在环保型无水炮泥中引入硅铁粉为外加剂,充分发挥硅铁合金在高温下作为催化作用,一方面将酚醛树脂在高温裂解过程中形成的CO、CH4和C2H2等气体催化为一维碳纳米管,降低炮泥的高温气孔率的同时,对炮泥进行原位增强增韧,提高炮泥的高温强度和抗铁水冲刷能力;另一方面,硅铁粉在高温下,也能扮演着催化剂的角色,促进硅铁粉中的硅与炮泥中的碳源(酚醛树脂裂解碳、含碳气体)原位生成碳化硅晶须,即能堵塞炮泥的开口气孔,又能发挥碳化硅晶须对铁渣和铁水的不润湿性,提高炮泥的抗渣侵蚀和抗铁水冲刷能力。
本发明制备的环保型无水炮泥引入SiBCN和活性氧化铝微粉,通过SiBCN的防氧化机制提高炮泥的高温抗氧化性能,以及原位形成莫来石和硼酸铝提高炮泥的体积稳定性和高温烧结性能和结合强度。在高炉长时间出铁过程中,空气势必沿着炮泥的开口气孔向内部扩散,进而对炮泥中碳源进行氧化。当炮泥中存在SiBCN时,空气中的氧气与SiBCN反应并生成二氧化硅和氧化硼,达到保护炮泥中碳源的效果;由于炮泥中同时也引入了活性氧化铝微粉,一方面SiBCN氧化形成的二氧化硅与活性氧化铝发生莫来石化过程,原位莫来石的形成存在一定的体积膨胀效应,有利于炮泥的高温体积稳定性。另一方面,SiBCN氧化形成的氧化硼,在高温下也能与活性氧化铝反应形成硼酸铝,起到促进炮泥烧结的作用,增加炮泥的高温强度。因而,本发明所制备的环保型无水炮泥既具备抗氧化能力,还具有高温强度大,抗铁水冲刷、抗渣侵蚀性能强的优点。
本发明制备的环保型无水炮泥时,还以废高炉炭砖和废石墨电极细粉取代传统的焦炭,既能实现资源再利用、减少固废垃圾的产生,又能发挥废高炉炭砖和石墨电极细粉对铁水和渣的不润湿性提高炮泥的抗铁水和渣的侵蚀性能。再者,石墨电极细粉具备优异的润滑效果,能显著提高炮泥的马夏值。
本发明制备的环保型无水炮泥经检测:苯并芘释放量<40mg/kg;1400℃×2h体积密度为1.80~1.95g/cm3;1400℃×2h耐压强度21~25MPa,抗折强度为9~14MPa,铁水熔蚀指数3.22~3.58%,炉渣熔蚀指数3.13~3.36%。
因此,本发明具有工艺简单、环境友好的特点,所制备的高炉出铁口用环保型无水炮泥易烧结、高温强度高、抗氧化能力强、抗铁水冲刷能力和抗侵蚀性能优良。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述,并非对其保护范围的限制。
所述棕刚玉的Al2O3含量≥95wt%;所述高铝矾土的Al2O3含量≥90wt%。
所述废高炉炭砖的颗粒级配是:粒径为1~3mm占所述废高炉炭砖的45~50wt%,粒径小于1mm占所述废高炉炭砖的25~30wt%,粒径小于1mm占所述废高炉炭砖的25~30wt%。
所述废石墨电极细粉中碳含量≥90wt%,粒度≤0.074mm。
所述活性氧化铝微粉中Al2O3含量≥98wt%,粒度≤2μm。
所述硅铁粉中Si含量≥60wt%,粒度≤0.074mm;所述SiBCN微粉的粒度≤5μm。
所述热固性酚醛树脂的残碳率≥44wt%。
实施例1
一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
原料的成分包括:粒度3~5mm的棕刚玉25~30质量份、不大于3mm的废高炉炭砖28~35质量份、广西白泥细粉5~8质量份、废石墨电极细粉13~15质量份、活性氧化铝微粉5~9质量份、硅铁粉7~10质量份、SiBCN微粉5~7质量份。以占所述原料10~18wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂。将所述原料和结合剂湿碾20~27分钟,经挤泥机挤出成型,即得环保型无水炮泥。
本实施例1制备的环保型无水炮泥经检测:苯并芘释放量为36mg/kg;1400℃×2h体积密度为1.80~1.87g/cm3;1400℃×2h耐压强度21~22MPa,抗折强度为9~11MPa,铁水熔蚀指数3.22~3.42%,炉渣熔蚀指数3.13~3.28%。
实施例2
一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
原料的成分包括:粒度3~5mm的棕刚玉30~35质量份、不大于3mm的废高炉炭砖20~28质量份、广西白泥细粉7~10质量份、废石墨电极细粉10~13质量份、活性氧化铝微粉4~8质量份、硅铁粉5~8质量份、SiBCN微粉6~8质量份。以占所述原料17~25wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂。将所述原料和结合剂湿碾23~30分钟,经挤泥机挤出成型,即得环保型无水炮泥。
本实施例2制备的环保型无水炮泥经检测:苯并芘释放量为38mg/kg;1400℃×2h体积密度为1.85~1.92g/cm3;1400℃×2h耐压强度21~23MPa,抗折强度为9~13MPa,铁水熔蚀指数3.26~3.39%,炉渣熔蚀指数3.20~3.35%。
实施例3
一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
原料的成分包括:粒度3~5mm的高铝矾土25~30质量份、不大于3mm的废高炉炭砖28~35质量份、广西白泥细粉5~8质量份、废石墨电极细粉13~15质量份、活性氧化铝微粉5~9质量份、硅铁粉7~10质量份、SiBCN微粉5~7质量份。以占所述原料10~18wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂。将所述原料和结合剂湿碾20~27分钟,经挤泥机挤出成型,即得环保型无水炮泥。
本实施例3制备的环保型无水炮泥经检测:苯并芘释放量为36mg/kg;1400℃×2h体积密度为1.87~1.90g/cm3;1400℃×2h耐压强度21~23MPa,抗折强度为10~13MPa,铁水熔蚀指数3.25~3.55%,炉渣熔蚀指数3.22~3.36%。
实施例4
一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
原料的成分包括:粒度3~5mm的高铝矾土30~35质量份、不大于3mm的废高炉炭砖20~28质量份、广西白泥细粉7~10质量份、废石墨电极细粉10~13质量份、活性氧化铝微粉4~8质量份、硅铁粉5~8质量份、SiBCN微粉6~8质量份。以占所述原料17~25wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂。将所述原料和结合剂湿碾23~30分钟,经挤泥机挤出成型,即得环保型无水炮泥。
本实施例4制备的环保型无水炮泥经检测:苯并芘释放量为35mg/kg;1400℃×2h体积密度为1.84~1.90g/cm3;1400℃×2h耐压强度22~25MPa,抗折强度为9~12MPa,铁水熔蚀指数3.31~3.58%,炉渣熔蚀指数3.13~3.29%。
实施例5
一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
原料的成分包括:粒度3~5mm的棕刚玉10~18质量份和粒度3~5mm的高铝矾土15~17质量份、不大于3mm的废高炉炭砖28~35质量份、广西白泥细粉5~8质量份、废石墨电极细粉13~15质量份、活性氧化铝微粉5~9质量份、硅铁粉7~10质量份、SiBCN微粉5~7质量份。以占所述原料10~18wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂。将所述原料和结合剂湿碾20~27分钟,经挤泥机挤出成型,即得环保型无水炮泥。
本实施例5制备的环保型无水炮泥经检测:苯并芘释放量为37mg/kg;1400℃×2h体积密度为1.83~1.92g/cm3;1400℃×2h耐压强度22~24MPa,抗折强度为9~13MPa,铁水熔蚀指数3.29~3.52%,炉渣熔蚀指数3.16~3.34%。
实施例6
一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
原料的成分包括:粒度3~5mm的棕刚玉10~18质量份和粒度3~5mm的高铝矾土15~17质量份、不大于3mm的废高炉炭砖20~28质量份、广西白泥细粉7~10质量份、废石墨电极细粉10~13质量份、活性氧化铝微粉4~8质量份、硅铁粉5~8质量份、SiBCN微粉6~8质量份。以占所述原料17~25wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂。将所述原料和结合剂湿碾23~30分钟,经挤泥机挤出成型,即得环保型无水炮泥。
本实施例6制备的环保型无水炮泥经检测:苯并芘释放量为38mg/kg;1400℃×2h体积密度为1.84~1.95g/cm3;1400℃×2h耐压强度21~23MPa,抗折强度为10~13MPa,铁水熔蚀指数3.25~3.50%,炉渣熔蚀指数3.15~3.36%。
实施例7
一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
原料的成分包括:粒度3~5mm的棕刚玉15~17质量份和粒度3~5mm的高铝矾土10~18质量份、不大于3mm的废高炉炭砖28~35质量份、广西白泥细粉5~8质量份、废石墨电极细粉13~15质量份、活性氧化铝微粉5~9质量份、硅铁粉7~10质量份、SiBCN微粉5~7质量份。以占所述原料10~18wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂。将所述原料和结合剂湿碾20~27分钟,经挤泥机挤出成型,即得环保型无水炮泥。
本实施例7制备的环保型无水炮泥经检测:苯并芘释放量为37mg/kg;1400℃×2h体积密度为1.86~1.93g/cm3;1400℃×2h耐压强度21~23MPa,抗折强度为9~13MPa,铁水熔蚀指数3.28~3.58%,炉渣熔蚀指数3.13~3.30%。
实施例8
一种环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
原料的成分包括:粒度3~5mm的棕刚玉15~17质量份和粒度3~5mm的高铝矾土10~18质量份、不大于3mm的废高炉炭砖20~28质量份、广西白泥细粉7~10质量份、废石墨电极细粉10~13质量份、活性氧化铝微粉4~8质量份、硅铁粉5~8质量份、SiBCN微粉6~8质量份。以占所述原料17~25wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂。将所述原料和结合剂湿碾23~30分钟,经挤泥机挤出成型,即得环保型无水炮泥。
本实施例8制备的环保型无水炮泥经检测:苯并芘释放量为36mg/kg;1400℃×2h体积密度为1.80~1.90g/cm3;1400℃×2h耐压强度22~25MPa,抗折强度为11~14MPa,铁水熔蚀指数3.24~3.55%,炉渣熔蚀指数3.14~3.35%。
本具体实施方式与现有技术相比,具有如下积极效果:
本具体实施方式在环保型无水炮泥中引入硅铁粉为外加剂,充分发挥硅铁合金在高温下作为催化作用,一方面将酚醛树脂在高温裂解过程中形成的CO、CH4和C2H2等气体催化为一维碳纳米管,降低炮泥的高温气孔率的同时,对炮泥进行原位增强增韧,提高炮泥的高温强度和抗铁水冲刷能力;另一方面,硅铁粉在高温下,也能扮演着催化剂的角色,促进硅铁粉中地硅与炮泥中的碳源(酚醛树脂裂解碳、含碳气体)原位生成碳化硅晶须,即能堵塞炮泥的开口气孔,又能发挥碳化硅晶须对铁渣和铁水的不润湿性,提高炮泥的抗渣侵蚀和抗铁水冲刷能力。
本具体实施方式制备的环保型无水炮泥引入SiBCN和活性氧化铝微粉,通过SiBCN的防氧化机制提高炮泥的高温抗氧化性能,以及原位形成莫来石和硼酸铝提高炮泥的体积稳定性和高温烧结性能和结合强度。在高炉长时间出铁过程中,空气势必沿着炮泥的开口气孔向内部扩散,进而对炮泥中碳源进行氧化。当炮泥中存在SiBCN时,空气中的氧气与SiBCN反应并生成二氧化硅和氧化硼,达到保护炮泥中碳源的效果;由于炮泥中同时也引入了活性氧化铝微粉,一方面SiBCN氧化形成的二氧化硅与活性氧化铝发生莫来石化过程,原位莫来石的形成存在一定的体积膨胀效应,有利于炮泥的高温体积稳定性。另一方面,SiBCN氧化形成的氧化硼,在高温下也能与活性氧化铝反应形成硼酸铝,起到促进炮泥烧结的作用,增加炮泥的高温强度。因而,本发明所制备的环保型无水炮泥既具备抗氧化能力,还具有高温强度大,抗铁水冲刷、抗渣侵蚀性能强的优点。
本具体实施方式制备的环保型无水炮泥时,还以废高炉炭砖和废石墨电极细粉取代传统的焦炭,既能实现资源再利用、减少固废垃圾的产生,又能发挥废高炉炭砖和石墨电极细粉对铁水和渣的不润湿性提高炮泥的抗铁水和渣的侵蚀性能。再者,石墨电极细粉具备优异的润滑效果,能显著提高炮泥的马夏值。
本具体实施方式制备的环保型无水炮泥经检测:苯并芘释放量<40mg/kg;1400℃×2h体积密度为1.80~1.95g/cm3;1400℃×2h耐压强度21~25MPa,抗折强度为9~14MPa,铁水熔蚀指数3.22~3.58%,炉渣熔蚀指数3.13~3.36%。
因此,本具体实施方式具有工艺简单、环境友好的特点,所制备的高炉出铁口用环保型无水炮泥易烧结、高温强度高、抗氧化能力强、抗铁水冲刷能力和抗侵蚀性能优良。
Claims (7)
1.一种环保型无水炮泥的制备方法,其特征在于:原料的成分包括:粒度3~5mm的棕刚玉或高铝矾土25~35质量份、不大于3mm的废高炉炭砖20~35质量份、广西白泥细粉5~10质量份、废石墨电极细粉10~15质量份、活性氧化铝微粉4~9质量份、硅铁粉5~10质量份、SiBCN微粉5~8质量份;以占所述原料10~25wt%的热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂;将所述原料和结合剂湿碾20~30分钟,经挤泥机挤出成型,即得环保型无水炮泥。
2.如权利要求1所述的环保型无水炮泥的制备方法,其特征在于:所述棕刚玉的Al2O3含量≥95wt%,所述高铝矾土的Al2O3含量≥90wt%。
3.如权利要求1所述的环保型无水炮泥的制备方法,其特征在于:所述废石墨电极细粉中碳含量≥90wt%,粒度≤0.074mm。
4.如权利要求1所述的环保型无水炮泥的制备方法,其特征在于:所述活性氧化铝微粉中Al2O3含量≥98wt%,粒度≤2μm。
5.如权利要求1所述的环保型无水炮泥的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硅铁粉中Si含量≥60wt%,粒度≤0.074mm;所述SiBCN微粉的粒度≤5μm。
6.如权利要求1所述的环保型无水炮泥的制备方法,其特征在于:所述热固性酚醛树脂的残碳率≥44wt%。
7.一种环保型无水炮泥,其特征在于:所述环保型无水炮泥是根据权利要求1~6项中任一项所述环保型无水炮泥的制备方法所制备的环保型无水炮泥。
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CN109180206A (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-11 | 通达耐火技术股份有限公司 | 一种钛复合抗侵蚀耐磨耐火浇注料的制备方法 |
CN110272264B (zh) * | 2019-05-21 | 2022-09-13 | 上海宝钢工业技术服务有限公司 | 用于高炉的无水炮泥及制备方法 |
CN111943653B (zh) * | 2020-07-01 | 2023-02-03 | 长兴云峰炉料有限公司 | 一种高炉出铁口用环保型无水炮泥及其制备方法 |
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