CN112624585A - Method for manufacturing physical toughened glass cylindrical rod - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing physical toughened glass cylindrical rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN112624585A CN112624585A CN202011414720.4A CN202011414720A CN112624585A CN 112624585 A CN112624585 A CN 112624585A CN 202011414720 A CN202011414720 A CN 202011414720A CN 112624585 A CN112624585 A CN 112624585A
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- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Ca] Chemical compound [Na].[Ca] VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005347 annealed glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/02—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid
- C03B27/028—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid the liquid being water-based
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a physical toughened glass cylindrical rod, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing a heating device, a cylindrical glass rod in an annealing state and a vessel filled with room temperature water, then filling the cylindrical glass rod into the heating device, placing the vessel below the heating device, then heating by adopting the heating device, when the heating temperature reaches the softening point of the cylindrical glass rod, enabling the soft cylindrical glass rod to freely fall into the water of the vessel, and naturally cooling the water in the vessel to the normal temperature, then tempering the soft cylindrical glass rod to obtain the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod; the advantage provides the experimental body for the research of the self-sustaining destruction of physics toughened glass cylinder stick, makes the research of the self-sustaining destruction of physics toughened glass cylinder stick convert the theory into the entity experiment to for the design and the performance evaluation of some protection system that more are close to with the physical toughened glass cylinder stick performance provide experimental data and support, make the design accuracy and the performance of these protective apparatus promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing physical toughened glass, in particular to a method for manufacturing a cylindrical rod of the physical toughened glass.
Background
The problem of brittle material fracture is of great concern in the scientific research and engineering fields. The propagation rule and fracture mechanism of cracks in brittle materials are important research directions of fracture mechanics. The research on crack initiation conditions, expansion paths, development rules of a damage array surface, fragment size distribution rules of the brittle material in the damage process and energy conversion relations of the whole fracture process has deep scientific value, and theoretical calculation models and experimental supports can be provided for design and performance evaluation of protection systems such as a tempered glass window, a missile transparent ceramic protective cover, a ceramic armor, a concrete cover and the like.
The tempered glass has the advantages of high brightness, wide application and wide research interest, and is an important object in the field of brittle material fracture research. At present, the experimental and theoretical researches on the strength problems (such as bending strength and impact strength) of annealed glass, chemically toughened glass and physically toughened glass are relatively mature.
The last 80 s of the century have gradually started the research on the phenomenon of the breaking wave in the process of breaking glass. The failure wave refers to the phenomenon that the crack of the brittle material is rapidly split and expanded under the action of strong load, and the propagation of the front end of the crack is similar to a wave front. The breaking wave is a special mode of breakage of brittle materials under extreme conditions. The research aiming at the destructive wave is mainly divided into two directions, wherein one direction is based on a high-speed impact experiment, and the laws of the impact strength, the propagation speed of the destructive wave and the shear wave speed of the chemical toughened glass and the physical toughened glass are researched. The research on the aspect is mature, and the mechanical property and the fracture mode of the tempered glass under the action of strong load are basically revealed. The other direction is based on the self-sustaining damage (self-explosion) experiment of the toughened glass, and the crack propagation and strain energy conversion mechanism of the physical toughened glass are researched. The physical toughened glass is in a stress state that the interior is pulled and the exterior is pressed, once the local breakage occurs, the crack can automatically and continuously extend under the action of the residual stress of the toughened glass and penetrate through the whole glass body.
Currently, only flat-plate-shaped physically tempered glass is commercially produced, and therefore research on self-sustaining damage of physically tempered glass is mainly focused on the damage experiment of flat-plate-shaped physically tempered glass at present. The self-sustaining failure rate of the flat-plate-shaped physical toughened glass is far lower than the failure rate under the impact loading condition and also lower than the Rayleigh wave speed of the material. Because the stress gradient of the flat physical toughened glass is parallel to the two planes, the observation of the photoelasticity and the calculation of the internal stress are very inconvenient, so that the internal crack propagation condition and the stress field near the damage front can not be quantitatively analyzed, and the root cause for limiting the crack propagation speed in the physical toughened glass plate is difficult to determine. The current theoretical research shows that the toughening degree range of the cylindrical physical toughened glass (namely the cylindrical rod of the physical toughened glass) is wider than that of the flat-plate physical toughened glass, so that the comparative research on crack propagation under different stress levels is more convenient; the internal stress of the cylindrical physical toughened glass is distributed in a cylindrical coordinate system, so that an analytic solution is provided, and an accurate fracture mechanical model can be established more conveniently; theoretically, the strain energy density of the cylindrical physical toughened glass is higher, the crack propagation speed is higher, and the fragment size is smaller. In fact, cylindrical physically tempered glass is of more particular significance in scientific research than flat physically tempered glass. Therefore, the cylindrical physical toughened glass has relatively high demand in the research field of the dynamic fracture of the brittle material.
However, as described above, only flat plate-shaped physically tempered glass is commercially produced at present, and therefore, there is no apparatus and process for specially producing cylindrical physically tempered glass. The structure and performance of the flat-plate-shaped physical toughened glass are obviously different from those of cylindrical physical toughened glass, and the current equipment for producing the flat-plate-shaped physical toughened glass is specially designed for the flat-plate-shaped physical toughened glass and cannot be suitable for producing the cylindrical rod of the physical toughened glass. Therefore, the current research on the self-sustaining damage of the cylindrical rod of the physical toughened glass is still in a theoretical research state, and the physical experiment cannot be carried out, so that corresponding experimental data cannot be obtained, and therefore in the design and performance evaluation of certain protection systems which are closer to the performance of the cylindrical rod of the physical toughened glass, only the experimental data of the flat-plate-shaped physical toughened glass can be referred, and finally, the space for improving the design precision and the performance of the protection equipment is large.
Therefore, the manufacturing method of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod capable of manufacturing the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod with excellent performance is designed, an experimental body is provided for the research of the self-sustaining damage of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod, the research of the self-sustaining damage of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod is converted from theory to entity experiment, and therefore experimental data support is provided for the design and performance evaluation of certain protection systems with performance closer to that of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod, and the manufacturing method has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for manufacturing a physical toughened glass cylindrical rod, which can successfully manufacture the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod with excellent performance, provide an experimental body for the research of the self-sustaining damage of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod and convert the research of the self-sustaining damage of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod from theory to entity experiment, thereby providing experimental data support for the design and performance evaluation of certain protection systems with the performance closer to that of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod and improving the design precision and performance of the protection devices.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for manufacturing a physical toughened glass cylindrical rod comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a heating device, a cylindrical glass rod in an annealing state and a vessel filled with room temperature water, wherein the cylindrical glass rod is a common glass rod made of glass with the softening point lower than 1300 ℃, and the height of the water surface in the vessel is larger than that of the cylindrical glass rod;
and 4, after the water in the vessel is naturally cooled to the normal temperature, tempering the soft cylindrical glass rod to form a solid cylindrical glass rod, wherein the solid cylindrical glass rod is the prepared physical tempered glass rod.
The heating device comprises a heating component, a mounting rack, a T-shaped cover with the temperature higher than 1500 ℃, a U-shaped clamp with the temperature higher than 1500 ℃, a suspension wire with the temperature higher than 1500 ℃, an electric thermocouple for detecting the heating temperature of the heating component, a display screen for displaying the heating temperature of the heating component, a wire holder and a fixing clamp, wherein the heating component comprises a heat-insulating pipe with the temperature higher than 1500 ℃, a heating pipe with the temperature higher than 1500 ℃ and an electric heating wire, the inner surface of the heating pipe is a smooth surface, the outer surface of the heating pipe is provided with a spiral groove, the electric heating wire is wound in the spiral groove, the heat-insulating pipe is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the heating pipe, the heat-insulating pipe is provided with two wire outlet holes, and two ends of the electric heating wire can penetrate out of the heat-insulating pipe from the two wire outlet holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the up end of heating pipe with the up end of insulating tube flush, the heating pipe down the terminal surface with the lower terminal surface of insulating tube also flush, the T type cover and be provided with first via hole and second via hole, first via hole be located the center department of T type lid, the second via hole be located one side of first via hole, first via hole be used for passing hang the silk, the second via hole be used for installing the thermocouple, the T type lid can follow the upper end opening part of heating pipe fill in with the upper end opening of heating pipe with the upper end opening of insulating tube cover simultaneously, the connection terminal on be provided with the through wires hole, in non-use state, the mounting bracket the heating element the T type lid the U type press from both sides the connection terminal the fixation clamp, The utility model discloses a heating device, including a heating pipe, a mounting bracket, a suspension wire, a thermocouple, a display screen, a U-shaped clamp, a thermocouple, a wire holder, a T-shaped cover stopper, a U-shaped clamp opening, a wire hole, a thermocouple, a mounting bracket, a T-shaped cover stopper, a U-shaped clamp opening, a U-shaped clamp, a wire hole, a display screen, a heating wire, a wire and an external power supply. In the structure, the heating device has simple structure, lower cost and easy manufacture and assembly.
The mounting frame comprises a vertical plate, a first transverse plate, a second transverse plate, a third transverse plate and a fourth transverse plate which are arranged along the vertical direction, the first transverse plate, the second transverse plate, the third transverse plate and the fourth transverse plate are all arranged along the horizontal direction, the first transverse plate, the second transverse plate, the third transverse plate and the fourth transverse plate are arranged in parallel at intervals according to the sequence from bottom to top, one side of the first transverse plate, the second transverse plate, the third transverse plate and the fourth transverse plate is respectively fixed on the vertical plate, a space for placing the utensil is formed between the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate, a first through hole is arranged on the second transverse plate and consists of two round holes which are arranged from top to bottom and have different apertures, wherein the aperture of the round hole positioned above is larger than that of the round hole positioned below, the aperture of the round hole that lies in the top in the first through-hole equal the external diameter of insulating tube, the aperture of the round hole that lies in the below in the first through-hole equal the internal diameter of heating pipe, the third diaphragm on be provided with the second through-hole, the aperture of second through-hole equalling in the external diameter of insulating tube, the fourth diaphragm on be provided with and be used for the installation the third through-hole of connection terminal, the aperture of third through-hole not less than the external diameter of insulating tube, first through-hole the second through-hole with the third through-hole all coaxial. In the structure, the mounting frame is simple in structure, low in cost and convenient to mount the heating device.
The specific process of loading the cylindrical glass rod into the heating device in the step 2 is as follows:
step 2-1, assembling the cylindrical glass rod, the U-shaped clamp, the suspension wire and the T-shaped cover together to obtain a first assembly, wherein in the first assembly, the lower end of the suspension wire is fixed at the center of the top of the U-shaped clamp with an opening facing downwards, the cylindrical glass rod is tightly clamped and fixed in the opening of the U-shaped clamp, and the upper end of the suspension wire penetrates out of a first through hole of the T-shaped cover;
2-2, putting the U-shaped clamp and the cylindrical glass rod in the first assembly into the heating tube, and plugging the T-shaped cover into an opening at the upper end of the heating tube to obtain a second assembly;
2-3, mounting a second assembly downwards from the third through hole, wherein the second assembly sequentially passes through the third through hole and the second through hole to enter the first through hole and be supported by the second transverse plate, the upper ends of the heat preservation pipe and the heating pipe are flush with the upper end surface of the second through hole, two wire outlet holes of the heat preservation pipe are positioned between the second transverse plate and the third transverse plate, and two ends of the electric heating wire are pulled out from the two wire outlet holes;
2-4, inserting the wire holder into the third through hole for fixing, wherein the upper end of the suspension wire penetrates through the wire hole to the position above the wire holder, the upper end of the suspension wire is clamped by the fixing clamp, the fixing clamp abuts against the wire holder, and the cylindrical glass rod is suspended in the middle of the heating pipe through the suspension wire;
2-5, inserting the thermocouple into the heating tube from the second through hole, connecting the thermocouple with the display screen, and connecting two ends of the heating wire with an external power supply;
and 2-6, finishing the installation of the cylindrical glass rod.
The cylindrical glass rod is made of calcium sodium glass or high borosilicate glass, the heating pipe is made of quartz glass, ceramic or corundum, the temperature measuring range of the thermocouple is-80 ℃ to 1300 ℃, and the heat preservation pipe is made of ceramic or corundum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that a heating device, a cylindrical glass rod in an annealing state and a vessel filled with room temperature water are prepared, the cylindrical glass rod is a common glass rod and is made of glass with the softening point lower than 1300 ℃, the water level in the vessel is higher than the cylindrical glass rod, then the cylindrical glass rod is put in the heating device, the vessel is placed below the heating device, then the cylindrical glass rod is heated by the heating device, when the heating temperature of the heating device reaches the softening point of the cylindrical glass rod, the cylindrical glass rod enters the softening state to be a soft cylindrical glass rod, at the moment, the soft cylindrical glass rod falls into the water of the vessel to be tempered, and when the water in the vessel is naturally cooled to the room temperature, the soft cylindrical glass rod is tempered to form a solid cylindrical glass rod, the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod prepared by the method has high geometric dimension precision, and the consistency of internal residual stress on the cross section vertical to the axial direction is good, so that the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod with excellent performance can be successfully manufactured by the method, an experimental body is provided for the research of the self-sustaining damage of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod, the research of the self-sustaining damage of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod is converted from theory to entity experiment, experimental data support is provided for the design and performance evaluation of certain protection systems with the performance closer to that of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod, and the design precision and performance of the protection devices are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a heating apparatus of a method for manufacturing a physically tempered glass cylindrical rod according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a heating apparatus of a method of manufacturing a physically tempered glass cylindrical rod according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of photoelastic stripes inside a cylindrical rod of physically tempered glass manufactured by a method of manufacturing a cylindrical rod of physically tempered glass according to the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a first self-sustaining failure state diagram of a cylindrical rod of physically tempered glass manufactured by a method of manufacturing a cylindrical rod of physically tempered glass according to the present invention;
fig. 4(b) is a second self-sustained failure state diagram of the physically tempered glass cylindrical rod manufactured by the method for manufacturing a physically tempered glass cylindrical rod according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
Example (b): a method for manufacturing a physical toughened glass cylindrical rod comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a heating device, a cylindrical glass rod L in an annealing state and a vessel A filled with room temperature water, wherein the cylindrical glass rod L is a common glass rod made of glass with a softening point lower than 1300 ℃, and the water level in the vessel A is higher than the height of the cylindrical glass rod L;
and 4, naturally cooling the water in the vessel to normal temperature, and tempering the soft cylindrical glass rod L to form a solid cylindrical glass rod L, wherein the solid cylindrical glass rod L is the prepared physical tempered glass cylindrical rod.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in this embodiment, the heating device includes a heating assembly, a mounting rack, a T-shaped cover 1 resistant to high temperature above 1500 ℃, a U-shaped clip 2 resistant to high temperature above 1500 ℃, a suspension wire 3 resistant to high temperature above 1500 ℃, a thermocouple 4 for detecting the heating temperature of the heating assembly, a display screen for displaying the heating temperature of the heating assembly, a wire holder 5 and a fixing clip 6, the heating assembly includes a heat preservation pipe 7 resistant to high temperature above 1500 ℃, a heating pipe 8 resistant to high temperature above 1500 ℃ and an electric heating wire 9, the inner surface of the heating pipe 8 is a smooth surface, the outer surface of the heating pipe 8 is provided with a spiral groove, the electric heating wire 9 is wound in the spiral groove, the heat preservation pipe 7 is coaxially sleeved outside the heating pipe 8, two wire outlets are formed on the heat preservation pipe 7, two ends of the electric heating wire 9 can penetrate out of the heat preservation pipe 7 from the two wire outlets one by one, the upper end surface of the heating pipe, the lower end face of the heating pipe 8 is flush with the lower end face of the heat preservation pipe 7, a first through hole and a second through hole are formed in the T-shaped cover 1, the first through hole is located in the center of the T-shaped cover 1, the second through hole is located on one side of the first through hole, the first through hole is used for penetrating through the suspension wire 3, the second through hole is used for installing the thermocouple 4, the T-shaped cover 1 can be plugged into the upper end opening of the heating pipe 8 and the upper end opening of the heat preservation pipe 7 from the upper end opening of the heating pipe 8 to cover the upper end opening of the heating pipe 8 and the upper end opening of the heat preservation pipe 7 simultaneously, the wire holder 5 is provided with a wire penetrating hole, in a non-use state, the mounting frame, the heating assembly, the T-shaped cover 1, the U-shaped clamp 2, the wire holder 5, the fixing clamp 6, the suspension wire 3, the thermocouple 4 and the display screen are in a separated state, in a use state, u type presss from both sides 2 and the internal surface contactless of heating pipe 8, hangs the lower extreme of silk 3 and the upper end center department fixed connection that the U type pressed from both sides 2, and the upper end that hangs silk 3 is passed first via hole and through wires hole and is cliied fixedly by fixation clamp 6, and thermocouple 4 installs in second via hole department, and is connected with the display screen, and the both ends of heating wire 9 are connected with external power source.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in this embodiment, the mounting frame includes a vertical plate 10, a first horizontal plate 11, a second horizontal plate 12, a third horizontal plate 13 and a fourth horizontal plate 14, which are arranged along a vertical direction, the first horizontal plate 11, the second horizontal plate 12, the third horizontal plate 13 and the fourth horizontal plate 14 are all arranged along a horizontal direction, the first horizontal plate 11, the second horizontal plate 12, the third horizontal plate 13 and the fourth horizontal plate 14 are arranged in parallel and at intervals from bottom to top, one side of the first horizontal plate 11, the second horizontal plate 12, the third horizontal plate 13 and one side of the fourth horizontal plate 14 are respectively fixed on the vertical plate 10, a space for placing utensils is formed between the first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 12, a first through hole is arranged on the second horizontal plate 12, the first through hole is composed of two circular holes which are arranged from top to bottom and have different apertures, wherein the aperture of the circular hole above is larger than the aperture of the circular hole below, the aperture of the circular hole above in the first through, the aperture of the round hole below the first through hole is equal to the inner diameter of the heating pipe 8, the third transverse plate 13 is provided with a second through hole, the aperture of the second through hole is equal to the outer diameter of the heat preservation pipe 7, the fourth transverse plate 14 is provided with a third through hole for installing the wire holder 5, the aperture of the third through hole is not smaller than the outer diameter of the heat preservation pipe 7, and the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole are coaxial.
In this embodiment, the specific process of loading the cylindrical glass rod L into the heating device in step 2 is as follows:
step 2-1, assembling a cylindrical glass rod L, U type clamp 2, a suspension wire 3 and a T-shaped cover 1 together to obtain a first assembly, wherein in the first assembly, the lower end of the suspension wire 3 is fixed at the center of the top of the U-shaped clamp 2 with the opening facing downwards, the cylindrical glass rod L is tightly clamped and fixed in the opening of the U-shaped clamp 2, and the upper end of the suspension wire 3 penetrates out of a first through hole of the T-shaped cover 1;
step 2-2, loading the U-shaped clamp 2 and the cylindrical glass rod L in the first assembly body into a heating pipe 8, and plugging a T-shaped cover 1 into an opening at the upper end of the heating pipe 8 to obtain a second assembly body;
2-3, mounting a second assembly downwards from the third through hole, enabling the second assembly to sequentially pass through the third through hole and the second through hole to enter the first through hole and be supported by the second transverse plate 12, enabling the upper ends of the heat preservation pipe 7 and the heating pipe 8 to be flush with the upper end face of the second through hole at the moment, enabling two wire outlet holes of the heat preservation pipe 7 to be located between the second transverse plate 12 and the third transverse plate 13, and pulling out two ends of the electric heating wire 9 from the two wire outlet holes;
step 2-4, inserting the wire holder 5 into the third through hole for fixing, enabling the upper end of the suspension wire 3 to penetrate through the through hole to the position above the wire holder 5, clamping the upper end of the suspension wire 3 through the fixing clamp 6, enabling the fixing clamp 6 to abut against the wire holder 5, and hanging the cylindrical glass rod L in the middle of the heating pipe 8 through the suspension wire 3;
step 2-5, inserting the thermocouple 4 from the second through hole to enable the lower part of the thermocouple to enter the heating pipe 8, connecting the thermocouple 4 with the display screen, and connecting two ends of the heating wire 9 with an external power supply;
and 2-6, finishing the installation of the cylindrical glass rod L.
In this embodiment, the cylindrical glass rod L is made of soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass, the heating tube 8 is made of quartz glass, ceramic or corundum, the thermocouple 4 measures temperature in a range of-80 ℃ to 1300 ℃, and the heat-insulating tube 7 is made of ceramic or corundum.
In the implementation, the diameter of the cylindrical glass rod L is 5 mm, the material is borosilicate glass, and when the cylindrical glass rod L is placed in a heating device for heating, the cylindrical glass rod L is heated to 821 ℃ and then is enabled to freely fall into water for tempering, so that the physical tempered glass cylindrical rod is obtained. The physical toughened glass cylindrical rod is horizontally immersed in pure glycerol, a 525-nanometer wave (green) transmission linear polaroid is adopted, the glycerol and the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod are penetrated, and then photoelastic stripes inside the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod are shot through the circular polaroid, as shown in figure 3. Analysis of the photoelastic stripe in fig. 3 shows that the main stress gradient line inside the cylindrical rod of the physical tempered glass is parallel to the axis of the cylinder, which indicates that the stress inside the cylindrical rod of the physical tempered glass is distributed along the axial direction with consistency. The physical toughened glass cylindrical rod prepared by the embodiment is subjected to a dynamic fracture experiment, the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod is horizontally placed in glycerin, the left side of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod is clamped by two pieces of metal from the upper direction and the lower direction close to the end part area, the left end of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod is broken by a hammer, and cracks propagate inside the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod from the left to the right. The completely broken state of the cylindrical rod of the physical tempered glass is captured by an ultra-high speed camera (100 ten thousand frame rate), as shown in fig. 4(a) and 4(b), a mark at 0 μ s is taken as a starting point, and a mark at 10 μ s is taken as an end point. As can be seen from the analysis of fig. 4(a) and 4(b), the fragments in the area near the axis in fig. 4(a) and 4(b) are relatively fine, the crack runs horizontally, the fragments in the area near the edge are relatively large, and the crack runs obliquely. This shows that the fragments inside the cylinder rod of the physical toughened glass are mainly tensile fracture and belong to type 1 fracture, and the fragments at the edge are shear fractures and belong to type 2 fracture. The fracture experimental result of the physical toughened glass cylindrical rod is consistent with a relevant theoretical model, the self-sustaining fracture speed is about 1900m/s and exceeds the highest speed of 1800m/s in the existing literature, and experimental support is provided for further research on the self-sustaining fracture limit speed.
Claims (5)
1. A method for manufacturing a physical toughened glass cylindrical rod is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing a heating device, a cylindrical glass rod in an annealing state and a vessel filled with room temperature water, wherein the cylindrical glass rod is a common glass rod made of glass with the softening point lower than 1300 ℃, and the height of the water surface in the vessel is larger than that of the cylindrical glass rod;
step 2, putting the cylindrical glass rod into the heating device, and placing the vessel below the heating device;
step 3, heating the cylindrical glass rod by using the heating device, wherein when the heating temperature of the heating device reaches the softening point of the cylindrical glass rod, the cylindrical glass rod enters a softening state to become a soft cylindrical glass rod, and the soft cylindrical glass rod is allowed to freely fall into the water of the vessel for tempering;
and 4, after the water in the vessel is naturally cooled to the normal temperature, tempering the soft cylindrical glass rod to form a solid cylindrical glass rod, wherein the solid cylindrical glass rod is the prepared physical tempered glass rod.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heating device comprises a heating element, a mounting frame, a T-shaped cover with a temperature resistance of at least 1500 ℃, a U-shaped clip with a temperature resistance of at least 1500 ℃, a suspension wire with a temperature resistance of at least 1500 ℃, a thermocouple for detecting the heating temperature of the heating element, a display screen for displaying the heating temperature of the heating element, a wire holder and a fixing clip, the heating element comprises a heat-insulating tube with a temperature resistance of at least 1500 ℃, a heating tube with a temperature resistance of at least 1500 ℃ and an electric heating wire, the inner surface of the heating tube is smooth, the outer surface of the heating tube is provided with a spiral groove, the electric heating wire is wound in the spiral groove, the heat-insulating tube is coaxially sleeved outside the heating tube, and the heat-insulating tube is provided with two wire outlets, the two ends of the heating wire can be in one-to-one correspondence with the two outlet holes to penetrate out of the outer side of the heat preservation pipe, the upper end face of the heating pipe and the upper end face of the heat preservation pipe are flushed, the lower end face of the heating pipe and the lower end face of the heat preservation pipe are flushed, the T-shaped cover is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the first through hole is located at the center of the T-shaped cover, the second through hole is located on one side of the first through hole, the first through hole is used for penetrating the suspension wire, the second through hole is used for installing the thermocouple, the T-shaped cover can be inserted into the upper end opening of the heating pipe to cover the upper end opening of the heating pipe and the upper end opening of the heat preservation pipe at the same time, the wire holder is provided with a threading hole, and in a non-use state, the mounting rack, The heating component, the T-shaped cover, the U-shaped clamp, the wire holder, the fixing clamp, the hanging wire, the thermocouple and the display screen are in a separated state, in the use state, the heating component and the wire holder are respectively arranged on the mounting frame, the T-shaped cover is plugged at the opening at the upper end of the heating pipe, the U-shaped clamp is positioned in the heating pipe with the opening facing downwards, the U-shaped clamp is not contacted with the inner surface of the heating pipe, the lower end of the suspension wire is fixedly connected with the center of the upper end of the U-shaped clamp, the upper end of the suspension wire passes through the first through hole and the threading hole and is clamped and fixed by the fixing clamp, the thermocouple is arranged at the second through hole and connected with the display screen, and two ends of the electric heating wire are connected with an external power supply.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mounting frame comprises a vertical plate, a first transverse plate, a second transverse plate, a third transverse plate and a fourth transverse plate which are vertically arranged, the first transverse plate, the second transverse plate, the third transverse plate and the fourth transverse plate are horizontally arranged, the first transverse plate, the second transverse plate, the third transverse plate and the fourth transverse plate are arranged in parallel at intervals in sequence from bottom to top, one side of each of the first transverse plate, the second transverse plate, the third transverse plate and the fourth transverse plate is respectively fixed on the vertical plate, a space for placing the vessel is formed between the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate, a first through hole is arranged on the second transverse plate, and the first through hole is composed of two circular holes which are vertically arranged and have different apertures, wherein the aperture of the round hole that is located the top is greater than the aperture of the round hole that is located the below, first through-hole in the aperture of the round hole that is located the top equal the external diameter of insulating tube, first through-hole in the aperture of the round hole that is located the below equal the internal diameter of heating pipe, the third diaphragm on be provided with the second through-hole, the aperture of second through-hole equalling in the external diameter of insulating tube, the fourth diaphragm on be provided with and be used for the installation the third through-hole of wire holder, the aperture of third through-hole not less than the external diameter of insulating tube, first through-hole the second through-hole with the third through-hole all coaxial.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step 2 of loading the cylindrical glass rod into the heating device comprises:
step 2-1, assembling the cylindrical glass rod, the U-shaped clamp, the suspension wire and the T-shaped cover together to obtain a first assembly, wherein in the first assembly, the lower end of the suspension wire is fixed at the center of the top of the U-shaped clamp with an opening facing downwards, the cylindrical glass rod is tightly clamped and fixed in the opening of the U-shaped clamp, and the upper end of the suspension wire penetrates out of a first through hole of the T-shaped cover;
2-2, putting the U-shaped clamp and the cylindrical glass rod in the first assembly into the heating tube, and plugging the T-shaped cover into an opening at the upper end of the heating tube to obtain a second assembly;
2-3, mounting a second assembly downwards from the third through hole, wherein the second assembly sequentially passes through the third through hole and the second through hole to enter the first through hole and be supported by the second transverse plate, the upper ends of the heat preservation pipe and the heating pipe are flush with the upper end surface of the second through hole, two wire outlet holes of the heat preservation pipe are positioned between the second transverse plate and the third transverse plate, and two ends of the electric heating wire are pulled out from the two wire outlet holes;
2-4, inserting the wire holder into the third through hole for fixing, wherein the upper end of the suspension wire penetrates through the wire hole to the position above the wire holder, the upper end of the suspension wire is clamped by the fixing clamp, the fixing clamp abuts against the wire holder, and the cylindrical glass rod is suspended in the middle of the heating pipe through the suspension wire;
2-5, inserting the thermocouple into the heating tube from the second through hole, connecting the thermocouple with the display screen, and connecting two ends of the heating wire with an external power supply;
and 2-6, finishing the installation of the cylindrical glass rod.
5. The method for manufacturing a physically tempered glass cylindrical rod according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cylindrical glass rod is made of calcium sodium glass or high borosilicate glass, the heating tube is made of quartz glass, ceramic or corundum, the temperature measurement range of the thermocouple is-80 ℃ to 1300 ℃, and the heat preservation tube is made of ceramic or corundum.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011414720.4A CN112624585A (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Method for manufacturing physical toughened glass cylindrical rod |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011414720.4A CN112624585A (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Method for manufacturing physical toughened glass cylindrical rod |
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| CN202011414720.4A Pending CN112624585A (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Method for manufacturing physical toughened glass cylindrical rod |
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB498584A (en) * | 1938-06-20 | 1939-01-10 | Hartford Empire Co | Method and apparatus for feeding molten glass |
| DE807707C (en) * | 1948-04-19 | 1951-07-02 | Werner Schuller | Method and device for the production of rods or tubes made of glass |
| GB1253681A (en) * | 1968-02-27 | 1971-11-17 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the toughening of glass |
| JPH07291642A (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1995-11-07 | Sony Corp | Apparatus for producing rodlike glass and its production |
| JP2002128535A (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2002-05-09 | Canon Inc | Forming method of glass gob for optical element |
-
2020
- 2020-12-07 CN CN202011414720.4A patent/CN112624585A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB498584A (en) * | 1938-06-20 | 1939-01-10 | Hartford Empire Co | Method and apparatus for feeding molten glass |
| DE807707C (en) * | 1948-04-19 | 1951-07-02 | Werner Schuller | Method and device for the production of rods or tubes made of glass |
| GB1253681A (en) * | 1968-02-27 | 1971-11-17 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the toughening of glass |
| JPH07291642A (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1995-11-07 | Sony Corp | Apparatus for producing rodlike glass and its production |
| JP2002128535A (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2002-05-09 | Canon Inc | Forming method of glass gob for optical element |
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Application publication date: 20210409 |