CN112624168A - Waste liquid treatment method of aluminum-air battery - Google Patents

Waste liquid treatment method of aluminum-air battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112624168A
CN112624168A CN202011554676.7A CN202011554676A CN112624168A CN 112624168 A CN112624168 A CN 112624168A CN 202011554676 A CN202011554676 A CN 202011554676A CN 112624168 A CN112624168 A CN 112624168A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
aluminum
solid phase
primary
waste liquid
filtrate
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Pending
Application number
CN202011554676.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
董正豪
李世华
薛业建
何立子
张遂超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ningbo Aluminum New Energy Co ltd
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Ningbo Aluminum New Energy Co ltd
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Priority to CN202011554676.7A priority Critical patent/CN112624168A/en
Publication of CN112624168A publication Critical patent/CN112624168A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/46Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/04Chlorides
    • C01D3/06Preparation by working up brines; seawater or spent lyes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/04Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
    • C01F7/14Aluminium oxide or hydroxide from alkali metal aluminates

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste liquid treatment method of an aluminum-air battery, which comprises the following steps: s1: after the aluminum-air battery is discharged, the electrolyte becomes strong alkali waste liquid containing aluminum hydroxide precipitate and metaaluminate; s2: primary solid phase and primary filtrate are obtained by primary precipitation and filtration; s3: washing the primary solid phase with water to obtain primary aluminum hydroxide particles, diluting the primary filtrate with water washing liquid, precipitating and filtering again to obtain a secondary solid phase and a secondary filtrate, and washing the secondary solid phase with water; s4: adding aluminum salt into the secondary filtrate, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, carrying out tertiary precipitation and filtration to obtain a tertiary solid phase and a tertiary filtrate, drying the tertiary solid phase to obtain secondary aluminum hydroxide particles, directly using the secondary aluminum hydroxide particles as a raw material or calcining the secondary solid phase to obtain an aluminum oxide product, and drying and crystallizing the tertiary filtrate to obtain an inorganic salt product. The method for treating the waste liquid of the aluminum-air battery can realize harmless treatment of the waste liquid and graded recycling of high-value aluminum hydroxide, and meanwhile, inorganic salt products are by-produced.

Description

Waste liquid treatment method of aluminum-air battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal air batteries, in particular to a waste liquid treatment method of an aluminum air battery.
Background
The metal air battery is also called as a metal air fuel battery or a metal fuel battery, and the metal air battery is a power generation/energy storage device which directly converts chemical energy of light metal such as magnesium and aluminum serving as fuel into electric energy by taking metal such as high-purity aluminum and magnesium serving as a negative electrode, oxygen serving as a positive electrode, potassium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide solution or sodium chloride solution serving as electrolyte and the like. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high specific energy density, low cost, high safety, low heat radiation, low noise, long storage time, long discharge life, wide adaptive temperature range, rich resources, greenness, no pollution and the like; has great commercial application prospect.
However, the electrolyte in the metal-air battery has a long service life, cannot be recycled for an unlimited number of times, discharge and corrosion occur simultaneously under alkaline conditions, and the reaction product is soluble Al (OH)4And insoluble Al (OH)3White gummy precipitate and as the reaction proceeds, but OH-The ion concentration is reduced, which causes the performance of the battery to be attenuated, so that the waste liquid in the operation process of the metal-air battery has to be treated. Meanwhile, the existing method for treating the waste liquid of the metal-air battery cannot realize the complete recycling of aluminum ions in metaaluminate in the waste liquid, so that not only is the resource seriously wasted, but also the ecological environment is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a waste liquid treatment method of an aluminum-air battery, which aims to solve the problems that aluminum ions in the waste liquid of the existing metal-air battery cannot be completely recovered or the recovery and utilization values are low.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a waste liquid treatment method of an aluminum-air battery comprises the following steps:
s1: the electrolyte participates in chemical reaction in the aluminum-air battery, and after the battery discharge is finished, the electrolyte becomes strong alkali waste liquid containing aluminum hydroxide precipitate and metaaluminate; the pH value of the strong alkali waste liquid is more than 14;
s2: pumping the strong base waste liquid obtained in the step S1 into a filter for primary precipitation and filtration, and obtaining a primary solid phase and a primary filtrate after filtration and separation;
s3: washing the primary solid phase obtained in the step S2 in a washing tank, wherein the washed primary solid phase is dried to obtain a primary aluminum hydroxide particle product, a washing solution is used for diluting the primary filtrate obtained in the step S2, the primary filtrate is diluted and stirred and then precipitated and filtered again, a secondary solid phase and a secondary filtrate are obtained after filtration and separation, and the secondary solid phase returns to the washing tank and is washed with the primary solid phase obtained in the step S2;
s4: stirring the secondary filtrate obtained in the step S3, adding aluminum salt, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, carrying out tertiary precipitation and filtration operation, filtering and separating to obtain a tertiary solid phase and a tertiary filtrate, drying the tertiary solid phase to obtain secondary aluminum hydroxide particles, wherein the secondary aluminum hydroxide particles can be directly used as raw materials or calcined to obtain an aluminum oxide product, and drying and crystallizing the tertiary filtrate to obtain an inorganic salt product.
Further, the electrolyte is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
Further, the aluminum salt is a salt containing aluminum ions, and is preferably aluminum chloride or aluminum chloride hexahydrate.
Further, the inorganic salt product is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.
Further, the pH value is 6.0-8.0.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for treating the waste liquid of the aluminum-air battery realizes the recycling of all high-value ions in the waste liquid by utilizing the washing of deionized water and the addition of aluminum salt and combining a method of filtering and precipitating step by step.
According to the method for treating the waste liquid of the aluminum-air battery, the pH value of the liquid after the waste liquid treatment is neutral, and the problem of strong alkali corrosion is solved.
The method for treating the waste liquid of the aluminum-air battery realizes the graded recycling of high-value aluminum ions in the waste liquid and creates the highest recycling value.
The method for treating the waste liquid of the aluminum-air battery also realizes the complete recycling of the salt such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride in the waste liquid, and further improves the recycling value of the waste liquid.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a waste liquid treatment method of an aluminum-air battery of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the method for treating waste liquid of an aluminum-air battery of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
s1: the electrolyte participates in chemical reaction in the aluminum-air battery, and after the battery discharge is finished, the electrolyte becomes strong alkali waste liquid containing aluminum hydroxide precipitate and metaaluminate; the metaaluminate is electrochemically dissolved by the aluminum substrate and then separated out in an aluminum ion form, and reacts with hydroxyl in the electrolyte to form aluminum hydroxide precipitate, and partial aluminum hydroxide precipitate further reacts with hydroxyl ions in the electrolyte to obtain metaaluminate; the electrolyte prepared in a fresh mode is a high-concentration sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, when the electrolyte participates in the electrochemical reaction of the aluminum air battery, electrolyte waste liquid containing metaaluminate is obtained, and the pH value of the electrolyte waste liquid is larger than 14;
s2: pumping the strong base waste liquid obtained in the step S1 into a filter for primary precipitation and filtration, and obtaining a primary solid phase and a primary filtrate after filtration and separation; the metaaluminate radical is hydrolyzed to generate aluminum hydroxide solid, the reaction process belongs to reversible reaction, and the solid-liquid two-phase effective separation is realized through the filtering action of a filter;
s3: washing the primary solid phase obtained in the step S2 in a washing tank, wherein the washed primary solid phase is dried to obtain a primary aluminum hydroxide particle product, a washing solution is used for diluting the primary filtrate obtained in the step S2, the primary filtrate is diluted and stirred and then precipitated and filtered again, a secondary solid phase and a secondary filtrate are obtained after filtration and separation, and the secondary solid phase returns to the washing tank and is washed with the primary solid phase obtained in the step S2; through a water washing mode, on one hand, ionic impurities attached to the surfaces of the aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles are eluted, on the other hand, water washing liquid after the ionic impurities are eluted is used for diluting primary filtrate, and further secondary filtration separation is carried out to separate out aluminum metaaluminate which is not completely hydrolyzed during primary precipitation and filtration in the form of aluminum hydroxide solid; a large amount of metaaluminate is recycled in the form of high-value first-grade aluminum hydroxide nanoparticle products through fractional precipitation filtration and circular water washing;
s4: stirring the secondary filtrate obtained in the step S3, adding aluminum salt which is aluminum chloride or aluminum chloride hexahydrate, adjusting the pH value to 6.0-8.0, carrying out tertiary precipitation filtration operation, obtaining a tertiary solid phase and a tertiary filtrate after filtration and separation, drying the tertiary solid phase to obtain secondary aluminum hydroxide particles, wherein the secondary aluminum hydroxide particles can be directly used as a raw material or calcined to obtain an aluminum oxide product, and drying and crystallizing the tertiary filtrate to obtain a sodium chloride or potassium chloride inorganic salt product. Aluminum salt is added, aluminum ions in the aluminum salt promote the hydrolysis reaction of metaaluminate radical, the reversible reaction is carried out rightwards, aluminum hydroxide precipitate is generated, meanwhile, the solution after the reaction is neutral, the problem of alkali corrosion does not exist, after three times of precipitation and filtration operation, a byproduct sodium chloride or potassium chloride inorganic salt product is obtained from the filtrate, and secondary aluminum hydroxide particles can be obtained after three times of solid phase drying and calcination.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (5)

1. The method for treating the waste liquid of the aluminum-air battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: the electrolyte participates in chemical reaction in the aluminum-air battery, and after the battery discharge is finished, the electrolyte becomes strong alkali waste liquid containing aluminum hydroxide precipitate and metaaluminate;
s2: pumping the strong base waste liquid obtained in the step S1 into a filter for primary precipitation and filtration, and obtaining a primary solid phase and a primary filtrate after filtration and separation;
s3: washing the primary solid phase obtained in the step S2 in a washing tank, wherein the washed primary solid phase is dried to obtain a primary aluminum hydroxide particle product, a washing solution is used for diluting the primary filtrate obtained in the step S2, the primary filtrate is diluted and stirred and then precipitated and filtered again, a secondary solid phase and a secondary filtrate are obtained after filtration and separation, and the secondary solid phase returns to the washing tank and is washed with the primary solid phase obtained in the step S2;
s4: stirring the secondary filtrate obtained in the step S3, adding aluminum salt, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, carrying out tertiary precipitation and filtration operation, filtering and separating to obtain a tertiary solid phase and a tertiary filtrate, drying the tertiary solid phase to obtain secondary aluminum hydroxide particles, wherein the secondary aluminum hydroxide particles can be directly used as raw materials or calcined to obtain an aluminum oxide product, and drying and crystallizing the tertiary filtrate to obtain an inorganic salt product.
2. The method for treating waste liquid of an aluminum-air battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
3. The method of treating a waste liquid of an aluminum-air battery according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum salt is a salt containing aluminum ions, preferably aluminum chloride or aluminum chloride hexahydrate.
4. The method for treating waste liquid of an aluminum-air battery according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt product is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.
5. The method for treating waste liquid of an aluminum-air battery according to claim 1, wherein the pH is 6.0 to 8.0.
CN202011554676.7A 2020-12-24 2020-12-24 Waste liquid treatment method of aluminum-air battery Pending CN112624168A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114044533A (en) * 2021-12-14 2022-02-15 中国科学技术大学 Energy-saving process for producing aluminum chloride

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104495890A (en) * 2014-12-11 2015-04-08 昆明冶金研究院 Recycling process of sodium aluminate solution in aluminum-air battery preparation process
CN106410330A (en) * 2016-10-19 2017-02-15 深圳市锐劲宝能源电子有限公司 Aluminum-air battery recycling method
CN106575807A (en) * 2014-04-03 2017-04-19 斐源有限公司 Method for regenerating alkaline solutions
CN106663830A (en) * 2014-04-13 2017-05-10 奥科宁克有限公司 Systems and methods for regeneration of aqueous alkaline solution
CN108493508A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-09-04 中南大学 The recovery method and system of aluminium in aluminium-air cell electrolyte
CN110380159A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-10-25 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 A kind of aluminium-air cell and its electrolyte recoverying and utilizing method
CN111470661A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-07-31 斯瑞尔环境科技股份有限公司 Method for recovering and preparing aluminum-containing compound and sulfite from aluminum-containing waste alkali liquor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106575807A (en) * 2014-04-03 2017-04-19 斐源有限公司 Method for regenerating alkaline solutions
CN106663830A (en) * 2014-04-13 2017-05-10 奥科宁克有限公司 Systems and methods for regeneration of aqueous alkaline solution
CN104495890A (en) * 2014-12-11 2015-04-08 昆明冶金研究院 Recycling process of sodium aluminate solution in aluminum-air battery preparation process
CN106410330A (en) * 2016-10-19 2017-02-15 深圳市锐劲宝能源电子有限公司 Aluminum-air battery recycling method
CN108493508A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-09-04 中南大学 The recovery method and system of aluminium in aluminium-air cell electrolyte
CN110380159A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-10-25 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 A kind of aluminium-air cell and its electrolyte recoverying and utilizing method
CN111470661A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-07-31 斯瑞尔环境科技股份有限公司 Method for recovering and preparing aluminum-containing compound and sulfite from aluminum-containing waste alkali liquor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114044533A (en) * 2021-12-14 2022-02-15 中国科学技术大学 Energy-saving process for producing aluminum chloride

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Application publication date: 20210409