CN112624153B - Porous ammonium nitrate production process - Google Patents
Porous ammonium nitrate production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112624153B CN112624153B CN202110021893.8A CN202110021893A CN112624153B CN 112624153 B CN112624153 B CN 112624153B CN 202110021893 A CN202110021893 A CN 202110021893A CN 112624153 B CN112624153 B CN 112624153B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/18—Nitrates of ammonium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
- B01J2/04—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ammonium nitrate production, and particularly relates to a porous ammonium nitrate production process. The process comprises the following steps: sending ammonium nitrate liquid to a remelting tank, mixing and remelting the ammonium nitrate liquid with unqualified returned materials, adding a trace amount of gas ammonia, sending the mixture to a tower top receiving tank, mixing and stirring the mixture with additives in the tower top receiving tank, simultaneously controlling the steam quantity to stabilize the temperature of the ammonium nitrate liquid in the tower top receiving tank, sending the mixture to a standing spray head group through a pipeline, uniformly scattering the ammonium nitrate sprayed by the standing spray head, exchanging heat with air entering from the bottom of the tower, gradually forming solid particle ammonium nitrate after cooling, collecting the solid particle ammonium nitrate through a tower bottom collecting funnel, converging the solid particle ammonium nitrate liquid to a tower bottom belt, conveying the solid particle ammonium nitrate liquid to a drying roller and the like through a belt. The invention takes liquid ammonium nitrate, additive and wrapping agent as raw materials to produce normal-temperature porous particle ammonium nitrate, and the finished product has good quality. The technology is not limited to a porous ammonium nitrate production device, can be used for producing factory fertilizers in a transferring way, and can be used for producing compound fertilizers after a secondary steaming system and a direct conveying belt feeding bin are added.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ammonium nitrate production, and particularly relates to a porous ammonium nitrate production process.
Background
At present, the existing porous ammonium nitrate production device is basically a KT process device and is mainly characterized in that all units of the device are closely connected, and the front unit and the rear unit are mutually related, such as air dehumidification, liquid ammonia evaporation, a tubular reactor, negative pressure one-section evaporation, square tower granulation, rotary drum drying, fluidized bed cooling, wrapping, packaging and the like, so that the whole process is mature and reliable, and the product quality and consumption are stable. However, the process device has certain disadvantages:
firstly, the whole device is closely connected and must be operated in a linkage manner; the air dehumidification in the front is closely connected with the liquid ammonia evaporation, the tubular reactor must be put into service to perform the air dehumidification, and the air used for drying the product and cooling the fluidized bed in the back is the dehumidification air, so that the whole system can only operate in a unified linkage mode and cannot operate separately and independently.
Secondly, the square tower is adopted for granulation, the scattering space is limited in the falling process of the materials, the phenomenon of tower wall adhesion can occur, the vehicle is stopped and cleaned according to the thickness of the wall adhesion ammonium nitrate after a certain time of accumulation, and otherwise, the wall adhesion ammonium nitrate collapses and crushes a granulation conveying belt.
Thirdly, forced ventilation is adopted in the square tower, the wind speed is high, and the cooling strength is high, so that qualified porous ammonium nitrate products cannot be produced when the temperature is reduced to below-5 ℃.
Fourthly, the fluidized bed cooling process needs to be matched with a fluidized bed, a fluidized bed blower, a fluidized bed induced draft fan, a dehumidifying unit and the like, and multiple machines are used in a matched mode, so that the resistance of a fluidized bed is large, the power consumption is large, and the power consumption is high. Meanwhile, the product is in a fluidized state, so that the product is easy to break. And the fluidized bed needs to be stopped for cleaning, which causes the defect of high labor intensity.
Fifthly, forced ventilation is needed for a granulation washing system, and a washer and an induced draft fan are installed on the top of the granulation tower, so that the power consumption and the manufacturing cost are correspondingly increased.
Sixthly, the porous production process and the KT neutralization evaporation process are integrated, so that the product structure is inconvenient to adjust, and meanwhile, the whole device is large in investment scale and high in investment cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the existing ammonium nitrate production process and provide a porous ammonium nitrate production process. The process is suitable for different ammonium nitrate solution sources, does not stick to the tower wall, can normally run in an extremely cold environment, is an energy-saving, high-efficiency, few in equipment and easy-to-operate porous ammonium nitrate production device suitable for the process, takes liquid ammonium nitrate as a raw material to produce normal-temperature porous granular ammonium nitrate, and has good finished product quality
In order to realize the aim, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a production process of porous ammonium nitrate comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing ammonium nitrate liquid with a special porous additive (the content is 500-800 ppm) after being melted, enabling the mixed substance to enter a granulation tower, spraying out the mixed substance through a head of the granulation tower, exchanging heat with air entering from the bottom of the tower, cooling to form solid ammonium nitrate particles, and drying the solid ammonium nitrate particles in a drying roller;
the second step is that: after entering a drying drum, the materials are picked up by a shoveling plate in the drum and then conveyed, preheated by preheated air from a downstream section, and then enter a countercurrent section to exchange heat with heated air from the countercurrent section, the materials are dried in the process to form porous ammonium nitrate, the porous ammonium nitrate is screened, unqualified materials are screened out and returned to a remelting tank for dissolution, and the porous materials suitable for standard particle sizes enter a plate cooler for cooling;
the third step: porous materials in the plate cooler vertically pass through an intermittent channel between stainless steel heat transfer plates from top to bottom in a dense phase conveying mode, granular ammonium nitrate entering the plate cooler is cooled through cooling circulating water countercurrent flow heat exchange and then through chilled water cocurrent flow heat exchange, a small amount of dehumidification air is uniformly dispersed from the lower part and the middle part through a distribution pipe and is contacted with the porous materials from bottom to top, so that the granular ammonium nitrate is in a protection state of dry air, and moisture absorption and deliquescence between the granular ammonium nitrate and outside air are avoided;
the fourth step: and (3) conveying the granular ammonium nitrate cooled by the plate cooler into a wrapping cylinder through a metering belt, spraying wrapping oil and packaging to obtain a porous ammonium nitrate finished product. And (5) packaging the finished product porous ammonium nitrate in a packaging process.
As a better embodiment in the application, the mass concentration of the ammonium nitrate solution is 96%, the ammonium nitrate solution is sent to a remelting tank by a normal pressure neutralization diluted ammonium nitrate pump, gas ammonia is added into the remelting tank to adjust the pH value, and the ammonium nitrate solution is sent to a top-tower receiving tank by an ammonium nitrate conveying pump after the pH value is proper; after the top of the tower is mixed and stirred with the additive in the tank, the steam quantity of the steam outer coil pipe is controlled by the steam regulating valve to stabilize the temperature of the ammonium nitrate solution in the tank, the ammonium nitrate solution is sent to the standing spray head group through a pipeline, the ammonium nitrate sprayed by the standing spray head is uniformly scattered, exchanges heat with air entering from the bottom of the prilling tower, is cooled to a proper temperature to gradually form solid particle ammonium nitrate, is collected by the lower collecting funnel of the tower and then is converged to the belt at the bottom of the tower, and then is transmitted by the belt at the bottom of the tower to enter the drying drum.
As a better implementation mode in the application, the upward air in the prilling tower carries ammonium nitrate dust, after passing through a movable shutter arranged on the prilling tower, the upward air is washed and discharged through a washing spray head arranged on the top of the tower, the washed concentrated solution finally returns to a drying and washing tank, and the heat and mass transfer of the dust-containing air and the washing solution is realized at the corrugated filler;
as a better embodiment in the application, the temperature of the porous material ammonium nitrate entering the plate cooler in the third step is about 70-90 ℃; cooling to about 30-45 ℃ by circulating water countercurrent heat exchange; then cooling to about 20-32 ℃ by downstream heat exchange of chilled water.
As a better implementation manner in the present application, the prilling tower in the first step is a round tower, and is provided with an electric louver at the bottom of the tower for the air inlet at the bottom of the tower, and is provided with a temperature measuring instrument for the discharge at the bottom of the tower, and a fin heat exchanger is added behind the louver at the bottom of the tower.
As a better embodiment in this application, following current section heated air in the second step comes from air cleaner A and filters the back, send into air heater after the governing valve adjusts the amount of wind, countercurrent segment heated air comes from air cleaner B and filters the back, send into the primary secondary heater of air after the electric butterfly valve adjusts the amount of wind, the heat of the primary secondary heater of air is provided through low evaporation, the material of copying up in the drying cylinder gets off with the heated air heat transfer and accomplishes the crystal form and change at the additive effect, form porous granule, the air that contains the dust comes out from air outlet in the middle of the drying cylinder and gets into dry scrubber, spray the washing back with the washing liquid that comes from dry scrubbing pump, get into dry scrubbing separator, accomplish gas-liquid separation, the gas after the washing is taken out through dry draught fan and is discharged.
As a better implementation manner in the present application, the cooling circulating water in the third step comes from system circulating water, and the flow is adjusted by the regulating valve and then enters the upper section of the cooler for countercurrent heat exchange to cool the particles, so that most of the heat of the product particles is exchanged by the circulating water, thereby reducing the heat exchange load of the lower section of chilled water and reducing the power consumption.
As a preferred embodiment in the present application, in the third step, the chilled water comes from a closed cycle, water in the chilled water tank enters the freeze dryer through the chilled water pump, and after the water comes out of the freeze dryer and is regulated by the chilled water flow meter and the chilled water regulating valve, the chilled water is cooled to a set temperature by the chilled water unit and then sent to the lower section of the plate cooler for downstream heat exchange, so as to finally cool the granular ammonium nitrate.
As a better implementation mode in the application, the required dehumidification air in the third step is provided by a small Roots blower, after dehumidification by a cold dryer and measurement by a dehumidification air flow meter, the dehumidification air enters the bottom and the middle of the plate cooler through the plate-cooling middle-section air inlet valve and the plate-cooling lower-section air inlet valve respectively, and the plate cooler is internally provided with a distribution pipe to ensure that the dehumidification air is uniformly dispersed.
As a preferred embodiment in the present application, in the second step, the screening machine is installed above the plate heat exchanger; the materials are lifted to a high position by a bucket elevator, flow into a screening machine by virtue of gravity, qualified products discharged by the screening machine automatically flow into a plate cooler by virtue of gravity, and cooled finished products automatically flow into a discharge conveying belt of the plate cooler by virtue of gravity and are conveyed to a wrapping machine; unqualified products discharged by the screening machine automatically flow into the remelting tank by means of gravity for recycling.
A porous ammonium nitrate production device comprises a tower top receiving tank, a granulation tower, a remelting tank, a circulating water system, a drying and washing separator, a primary and secondary air heater, a bucket elevator, a screening machine, a plate cooler, a chilled water unit and a cold dryer; wherein the ammonium nitrate liquid is connected with the remelting tank through the normal pressure neutralization dilute ammonium nitrate pump, the gas ammonia source device is also connected with the remelting tank, the remelting tank is communicated with the tower top receiving tank through the ammonium nitrate delivery pump, the additive device is connected with the tower top receiving tank, the tower top receiving tank is internally provided with a stirring device, the tower top receiving tank is internally provided with a low-temperature steam inlet and a low-temperature steam condensate outlet, and the steam outer coil pipe is connected with the low-temperature steam inlet through a steam regulating valve.
The ammonium nitrate solution in the tower top receiving groove is sent to a standing spray head group arranged in the granulation tower through a pipeline, the ammonium nitrate sprayed by the standing spray head is uniformly scattered, exchanges heat with air entering from the tower bottom, gradually forms solid particle ammonium nitrate after being cooled to a proper temperature, is collected by a tower lower collecting funnel, then converges to a tower bottom belt, and enters a drying roller after being transmitted by the tower bottom belt.
The upward air in the tower carries ammonium nitrate dust, after passing through the movable shutter, the air is discharged after being washed and processed by the tower top washing nozzle, the washed concentrated solution finally returns to the drying and washing tank, and the heat and mass transfer of the dust-containing air and the washing solution is realized at the corrugated packing.
The granulation tower adopts a conventional round tower, and natural ventilation is performed in the tower. A top movable shutter is arranged at the top of the granulation tower, and a tower top washing spray head is arranged at the top of the granulation tower; in order to adapt to the production of extremely cold weather, a tower bottom electric shutter is arranged at the tower bottom, and a tower bottom discharge temperature measuring instrument is arranged; can go into the tower amount of wind according to ejection of compact temperature automatically regulated, increased the heater (be fin heat exchanger) simultaneously behind the shutter at the bottom of the tower, only carry out the granulation again after heating the air under extremely cold weather, guarantee extremely cold weather's normal operating. In addition, the circular tower is also suitable for producing other solid products, such as ammonium nitrate prilling and the like, so that the product variety of the device is expanded.
A shoveling plate, an air preheater and an air primary and secondary heater are arranged in the cylinder of the drying roller; the air filter A is connected with the electric butterfly valve II and then connected with an air preheater in the drying drum; and the air filter B is connected with the primary air secondary heater of the drying roller after being connected with the electric butterfly valve I. The middle of the drying drum is provided with an air outlet which is connected with a drying washer, the drying washer is connected with a drying washing separator through a drying washing pump, a drying induced draft fan is arranged on the drying washing separator, and a flushing water pipeline is connected with the drying washing separator.
The lower part of the drying roller is provided with a discharge hole, the discharge hole is provided with a discharge belt, the discharge belt is connected with a bucket elevator, the bucket elevator is connected with a screening machine, materials coming out of the drying roller are lifted to the screening machine through the bucket elevator to be screened, and the screening machine is respectively connected with a remelting tank and a plate cooler.
Stainless steel heat transfer plates are arranged in the plate cooler, and an intermittent channel is formed among the stainless steel heat transfer plates for materials to pass through. The upper part of the plate cooler is connected with a circulating water system; the middle and lower parts are connected with a chilled water system; the plate cooler is also internally provided with a distribution pipe, a small amount of dehumidification air is uniformly dispersed from the lower part and the middle part through the distribution pipe and is contacted with the porous material from bottom to top, so that the granular ammonium nitrate is in a protection state of dry air, and the moisture absorption and deliquescence of the granular ammonium nitrate and the outside air are avoided.
The packaging process is carried out after the plate cooler is connected with the packaging barrel through a metering belt, and the packaged packaging material is placed into a storehouse for storage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the granulation tower adopts a conventional round tower, and can be suitable for granulation of different products: for example, urea, solid ammonium nitrate, porous ammonium nitrate, etc. may be granulated. Compared with the square tower granulation, the method does not stick to the tower wall in the granulation production, and does not need to consider stopping to clean ammonium nitrate blocks hanging on the tower wall; the air rises by means of natural convection, power consumption is reduced, a tower air flow adjusting device is added for adapting to different climatic environments, an air fin heater is added, porous ammonium nitrate can be produced in extremely cold weather, the air can stably run in the environment of minus 30 ℃, and the barrier that the porous ammonium nitrate cannot be produced in extremely cold weather is broken.
And (II) the materials in the plate cooler do not need to be cleaned when the granulation is stopped, the fluidized bed process needs to stop granulating and cleaning the fluidized bed, and the materials can be placed in the plate cooler, so that the labor intensity is reduced, and defective products are not generated.
Compared with the traditional fluidized bed cooling, the powder flow cooling in the novel porous production process only needs the plate cooler, the chilled water unit and the cold drying unit to be matched for use, and compared with the traditional fluidized bed blower, a fluidized bed induced draft fan and a dehumidifying unit high-power device, the novel porous production process has the advantages of less quantity and less power; and get into drying cylinder furnace end stove tail heated air and need not pass through the dehumidification, need not increase the dehumidification unit, the air after the heating can reach dehumidification effect and satisfy the heat and provide the source.
And (IV) the source of 96% liquid ammonium nitrate in the porous production process is not limited to a KT tubular reactor, and can also be ammonium nitrate liquid produced by other devices such as normal-pressure neutralization and pressurization neutralization devices, so that the process has wider adaptation degree, can co-produce porous ammonium nitrate according to the established ammonium nitrate device, reduces the investment cost of enterprises, increases diversified products for the enterprises, and extends the industrial chain of the products.
Compared with the common porous ammonium nitrate process, the process cancels a fluidized bed blower, a fluidized bed induced draft fan and other large fans, the power of the drying induced draft fan is also smaller (the air volume of the drying induced draft fan of the process is only the air volume required in the drying process, and is reduced by about half compared with the air volume of the drying induced draft fan of the common porous ammonium nitrate process), and simultaneously four large-flow fans are cancelled in the granulation tower, so the power consumption of the process is lower than that of the conventional porous ammonium nitrate process.
The process provides a porous ammonium nitrate production device which is not adhered to the tower wall, normally operates in an extremely cold environment, is energy-saving, high-efficiency, few in equipment and easy to operate, takes liquid ammonium nitrate, an additive and a wrapping agent as raw materials, is used for producing normal-temperature porous granular ammonium nitrate, and has good finished product quality. The technology is not limited to a porous ammonium nitrate production device, can also be used for producing factory fertilizers, and can also be used for producing compound fertilizers after a secondary steaming system and a transfer belt direct feeding bin are added.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the process flow of the porous ammonium nitrate production in example 1 of the present invention.
The system comprises 1-a tower top receiving groove, 2-a prilling tower, 3-a fin heat exchanger, 4-a tower bottom conveying belt, 5-a tower top washing groove, 6-a tower top washing pump, 7-a drying and washing cooler, 8-a prilling spray head, 9-a drying induced draft fan, 10-a drying and washing separator, 11-a drying and washing device, 12-an air filter B, 13-an electric butterfly valve I, 14-an air filter A, 15-an electric butterfly valve II, 16-a drying roller, 17-a drying and washing liquid groove, 18-a drying and washing pump, 19-a drying roller discharging belt, 20-a bucket elevator, 21-a sieving machine, 22-a plate cooler, 23-a plate cooler discharging belt, 24-a wrapping cylinder, 25-a unpacking process, 26-a freezing water groove, 27-a freezing water pump, 28-a freezing water machine set, 29-a freezing water flow meter, 30-a tower bottom water regulating valve, 31-a roots fan, 32-a freezing dryer, 33-a plate cooling and middle section, 34-a plate cooling lower section air inlet valve, 35-a remelting groove, 36-a remelting pump, 37-a shutter, 96% of a tower bottom water flow meter, 38-a movable air inlet valve, 40-a movable air heater, 41-a movable air heater, 41-a movable type air heater.
Detailed Description
A porous ammonium nitrate production device comprises a tower top receiving tank 1, a granulation tower 2, a remelting tank 35, a circulating water system, a drying and washing separator 10, an air primary and secondary heater 44, a bucket elevator 20, a screening machine 21, a plate cooler 22, a chilled water unit 28 and a cold dryer 21; wherein nitre ammonium liquid 37 is connected with remelting tank 35 through the dilute ammonium nitrate pump of ordinary pressure neutralization, and gas ammonia source device also is connected with remelting tank 35, and remelting tank receives groove 1 intercommunication through ammonium nitrate delivery pump 36 and top of the tower, and the additive device receives groove 1 with the top of the tower to be connected, and the top of the tower receives to be equipped with agitating unit in the groove 1, receives the groove 1 inside low temperature steam import and the export of low temperature steam condensate of still being provided with at the top of the tower, and the outer coil pipe of steam passes through steam control valve and low temperature steam import and is connected.
The ammonium nitrate solution in the receiving tank 1 at the tower top is sent to a standing spray head group 8 arranged in a granulation tower through a pipeline, the ammonium nitrate sprayed by the standing spray head group 8 is uniformly scattered, exchanges heat with air entering from the tower bottom, gradually forms solid particle ammonium nitrate after being cooled to a proper temperature, is collected by a collecting funnel under the tower, then converges to a belt 4 at the tower bottom, and enters a drying roller 16 after being transmitted by the belt 4 at the tower bottom.
The upward air in the tower carries ammonium nitrate dust, after passing through a movable shutter 40, the air is discharged after being washed and processed by a tower top washing nozzle 39, the washed concentrated solution finally returns to a drying and washing tank, and the heat and mass transfer of the dust-containing air and the washing solution is realized at a corrugated filler 41.
The granulation tower 2 adopts a conventional round tower, the top of the granulation tower is provided with a top movable shutter 40, and the top of the granulation tower is provided with a tower top washing spray head 39; in order to adapt to the production of extremely cold weather, a tower bottom electric shutter 41 is arranged at the tower bottom, and a tower bottom discharge temperature measuring instrument is arranged; can go into the tower amount of wind according to ejection of compact temperature automatically regulated, increased the heater (be fin heat exchanger 3) simultaneously behind the shutter at the bottom of the tower, only carry out the granulation again after heating the air under extremely cold weather, guarantee the normal operating of extremely cold weather. In addition, the circular tower is also suitable for producing other solid products, such as ammonium nitrate prilling and the like, so that the product variety of the device is expanded.
A shoveling plate, an air preheater 43 and an air primary and secondary heater 44 are arranged in the cylinder of the drying roller 16; the air filter A14 is connected with the second electric butterfly valve 15 and then connected with an air preheater 43 in the drying drum 16; the air filter B is connected with the electric butterfly valve I13 and then connected with the primary and secondary air heater 44 of the drying drum 16. An air outlet is arranged in the middle of the drying drum 16 and is connected with a drying washer 17, the drying washer 17 is connected with a drying washing separator 10 through a drying washing pump 18, a drying induced draft fan 9 is arranged on the drying washing separator 10, and a flushing water pipeline is connected with the drying washing separator 10.
The discharging port is formed in the lower portion of the drying roller, the discharging belt 19 is arranged at the discharging port, the discharging belt 19 is connected with the bucket elevator 20, the bucket elevator 20 is connected with the screening machine 21, materials discharged from the drying roller are lifted to the screening machine 21 through the bucket elevator 20 to be screened, and the screening machine 21 is connected with the remelting tank 35 and the plate cooler 22 respectively.
Stainless steel heat transfer plates are arranged in the plate cooler 22, and intermittent channels are formed among the stainless steel heat transfer plates for materials to pass through. The upper part of the plate cooler is connected with a circulating water system; the middle and lower parts are connected with a chilled water system; still be provided with the distributing pipe in the plate cooler, a small amount of dehumidification air passes through the distributing pipe and evenly scatters into from lower part and middle part, from bottom to top with porous material contact for granule ammonium nitrate is in dry air's protected state, thereby avoids the moisture absorption deliquescence with outside air.
The packaging material is connected with a packaging process 25 after being connected with a wrapping cylinder 24 through a metering belt 23 by a plate cooler 22, and is packaged and then placed in a storehouse for storage.
In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the process described in the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should not be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
In the present application,%, unless otherwise specified, means% by mass, i.e., wt%. The following processes are all carried out by using the apparatus described in the detailed description.
Example 1:
a porous ammonium nitrate production process by using a porous ammonium nitrate production device in a specific embodiment comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: an external 96.5% ammonium nitrate liquid 37 is pumped to a remelting tank 35 through a normal pressure neutralizing dilute ammonium nitrate pump, unqualified porous ammonium nitrate particles separated by screening in the remelting tank 35 are melted (heated by steam), gas ammonia is added to adjust the PH to be proper, then the mixture is conveyed to a tower top receiving tank 1 through an ammonium nitrate conveying pump 36, the inside of the tower top receiving tank 1 is mixed and stirred with an additive (octadecylamine) to form a solution containing about 600ppm of the porous ammonium nitrate additive, meanwhile, the steam quantity of a steam outer coil pipe is controlled through a steam adjusting valve to stabilize the temperature of the ammonium nitrate solution in the tower top receiving tank 1 to be about 140 ℃, the ammonium nitrate solution is conveyed to a standing spray head group 8 through a pipeline, the ammonium nitrate sprayed by the standing spray head 8 is uniformly scattered to exchange heat with air entering from the bottom of the tower, the air quantity entering the granulation tower is adjusted through a louver at an air inlet of the granulation tower, ammonium nitrate liquid drops gradually form solid granular ammonium nitrate, the particles at the bottom of the tower are cooled to about 65 ℃, collected by a collecting hopper below the tower, and then are collected to a belt 4 at the bottom of the tower, and then are conveyed to a drying drum 16. The upward air in the tower carries ammonium nitrate dust, after passing through the movable shutter 40, the air is discharged after being washed and processed by the tower top washing nozzle 39, the washed concentrated solution finally returns to the drying and washing tank, and the heat and mass transfer of the dust-containing air and the washing solution is realized at the corrugated packing 41.
The second step: after entering the drying drum 16, the materials are lifted by a shoveling plate in the drum and then conveyed, preheated in a forward flow section with filtered air (heated to 65 ℃ by a heater 43) from an air filter 14, and then entered a reverse flow section to exchange heat with air (heated to 110 ℃ by a heater 44) from the air filter 12, and after the materials are dried to form porous ammonium nitrate (the temperature is about 70 ℃) in the process, the materials are discharged to a drying drum discharging belt 19 and conveyed to a bucket elevator 20, and are lifted to a sieving machine 21 by the bucket elevator 20 to be sieved, coarse particle materials which do not accord with the product standard are sieved and returned to a remelting tank 35 to be dissolved, and porous materials which are accord with the standard particle size flow into a plate cooler 22 by gravity.
The third step: the porous material in stave cooler 22 passes vertically from top to bottom in a dense phase transport through the intermittent passages between the stainless steel heat transfer plates. The plate heat exchanger is divided into an upper section and a lower section, wherein the upper section is cooled by circulating water, and the lower section is cooled by chilled water. The flow rate of circulating water is adjusted by an adjusting valve, so that the temperature of the ammonium nitrate particles at about 70 ℃ is reduced to about 35 ℃ after the countercurrent heat exchange of the circulating water, the ammonium nitrate particles flow into a lower section of chilled water cooling section, the ammonium nitrate particles are reduced to about 25 ℃ through the downstream heat exchange of chilled water, and the temperature of the chilled water is automatically controlled by a water chilling unit. After the air sent by the fan 31 is dehumidified by the dehumidifier 32, the dehumidified air is uniformly dispersed from the lower part and the middle part through the distribution pipe and is contacted with the porous material from bottom to top, so that the granular ammonium nitrate is in a protection state of dry air, and the moisture absorption and the deliquescence between the granular ammonium nitrate and the outside air are avoided.
The fourth step: the qualified granular ammonium nitrate cooled by the plate cooler 22 is metered by the metering belt 23 and then transmitted into the wrapping cylinder 24, wrapped by wrapping oil sprayed by a wrapping spray head according to a certain proportion (the pumping amount of a wrapping oil pump is controlled by a variable frequency motor), sent into a packaging process 25, and packaged and then stored in a warehouse.
The granulation tower in the first step is a round tower, the cross section area of the granulation tower is more than 3-5 times larger than that of a square tower with the same size, and the granular ammonium nitrate cannot be adhered to the wall due to insufficient cross section area of the tower in the descending process, so that the granulation tower cannot be stopped and cleaned due to the phenomenon. Aiming at extreme cold weather of Fukang, if the temperature is lower than minus 5 ℃, a fin heat exchanger 3 is added behind a movable shutter at the bottom of the tower, and granulation is carried out after air is heated only in the extreme cold weather, so that normal production in the extreme cold weather is ensured.
The downstream section heating air in the second step is filtered by an air filter A14, and then is sent into an air preheater 43 after the air quantity is adjusted by an electric butterfly valve 15, the upstream section heating air is filtered by an air filter B12, and then is sent into a primary air secondary heater 44 after the air quantity is adjusted by a dry electric butterfly valve 13, the heat of the heater is provided by low evaporation, the material picked up in the drying cylinder exchanges heat with the heating air under the action of an additive to complete crystal form conversion, so that porous particles are formed, the air containing dust comes out from a middle air outlet of the drying cylinder, enters a drying washer 11, is sprayed and washed with the washing liquid from a drying washer 18, enters a drying washer 10, the gas-liquid separation is completed, and the washed gas is extracted and discharged through a drying induced draft fan 9. And returning the washed ammonium nitrate-containing solution to an ammonium nitrate system for treatment.
And the cooling circulating water in the third step comes from system circulating water, the flow is regulated by a regulating valve and then enters the upper section of the cooler for countercurrent heat exchange to cool the particles, and most heat of the product particles is exchanged by the circulating water, so that the heat exchange load of the lower section of the chilled water is reduced, and the power consumption is reduced. The chilled water comes from closed cycle, and the flow is adjusted through the governing valve, is sent to the next section following current heat transfer after cooling the chilled water to the set temperature through chilled water unit 28, carries out final cooling to granule ammonium nitrate.
The dehumidified air in the third step is provided by the Roots blower 31, is dehumidified by the cold dryer 32, is metered by the flow meter 38, and then enters the bottom and the middle of the plate cooler respectively, and is internally provided with the distribution pipes, so that the uniform dispersion and air intake are ensured.
The result shows that the quality of the obtained product meets the standard requirement of HGT 3280-2011. The first-class product rate reaches more than 75 percent, the power consumption is 3-5 KWh/t lower than that of the conventional porous ammonium nitrate product, and the ammonia consumption can not be measured temporarily. Except for the finished product of the liquid ammonium nitrate, other ammonium nitrate washing liquid is returned to the ammonium nitrate system for retreatment. The granular ammonium nitrate has no other loss except that a small amount of ground is scattered (can be cleaned and recycled).
Example 2
95.5 percent ammonium nitrate liquid 37 from the outside is pumped to a remelting tank 35 by a dilute ammonium nitrate pump, unqualified porous ammonium nitrate particles separated by screening in the remelting tank 35 are melted (heated by steam), gas ammonia is added to adjust the PH to be proper, then the mixture is sent to a tower top receiving tank 1 by an ammonium nitrate conveying pump 36, the mixture and the stirring are carried out in the tower top receiving tank 1 to form a solution containing about 700ppm of the porous ammonium nitrate additive, meanwhile, the steam quantity of a steam outer coil pipe is controlled by a steam regulating valve to stabilize the temperature of the ammonium nitrate solution in the tower top receiving tank 1 to be about 145 ℃, the mixture is sent to a standing spray head group 8 by a pipeline, the ammonium nitrate sprayed by the standing spray head 8 is uniformly scattered to exchange heat with air entering from the bottom of the tower, the air quantity of the granulating tower is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of a louver at an air inlet of the granulating tower, ammonium nitrate liquid drops gradually form solid ammonium nitrate particles, the particles at the bottom of the tower are cooled to about 70 ℃, and then are collected by a tower bottom collecting hopper and then are transferred to a tower bottom belt 4 and then enter a drying drum 16. Air granulated in the tower carries ammonium nitrate dust, the air passes through a movable shutter 40, is washed by a spray washing nozzle 39 at the top of the tower and then is discharged, and the washed ammonium nitrate-containing solution flows into a drying washing tank, wherein the heat transfer and mass transfer of the dust-containing air and the washing liquid are realized at a corrugated filler 41.
After entering a drying roller 16, granulated ammonium nitrate particles are picked up by a shoveling plate in a cylinder and then conveyed, preheated in a forward flow section with filtered air (heated to 65 ℃ by a heater 43) from an air filter 14, and then enter a reverse flow section to exchange heat with air (heated to 120 ℃ by a heater 44) from an air filter 12, after the materials are dried to form porous ammonium nitrate (the temperature is about 80 ℃) in the process, the materials are discharged to a discharging belt 19 of the drying roller and conveyed to a bucket elevator 20, are lifted to a screening machine 21 by the bucket elevator 20 to be screened, coarse granular materials which do not meet the product standard are screened out and returned to a re-melting tank 35 to be dissolved, and then are granulated again, and the porous materials which are suitable for standard particle sizes flow into a plate cooler 22 by gravity.
The porous material in stave cooler 22 passes vertically from top to bottom in a dense phase transport through the intermittent passages between the stainless steel heat transfer plates. The plate heat exchanger is divided into an upper section and a lower section, wherein the upper section is cooled by circulating water, and the lower section is cooled by chilled water. The flow rate of circulating water is regulated by a regulating valve, so that the temperature of the granular ammonium nitrate at about 80 ℃ is reduced to about 35 ℃ after the circulating water carries out countercurrent heat exchange, then the granular ammonium nitrate flows into a lower-section chilled water cooling section, the granular ammonium nitrate is reduced to about 30 ℃ through chilled water cocurrent heat exchange, and the temperature of the chilled water is automatically controlled by a water chilling unit. After the air sent by the fan 31 is dehumidified by the dehumidifier 32, the dehumidified air is uniformly dispersed from the lower part and the middle part through the distribution pipe and is contacted with the porous material from bottom to top, so that the granular ammonium nitrate is in a protection state of dry air, and the moisture absorption and the deliquescence between the granular ammonium nitrate and the outside air are avoided.
The fourth step: the qualified granular ammonium nitrate cooled by the plate cooler 22 is metered by the metering belt 23 and then transmitted into the wrapping cylinder 24, wrapped by wrapping oil sprayed by a wrapping spray head according to a certain proportion (the pumping amount of a wrapping oil pump is controlled by a variable frequency motor), sent into a packaging process 25, and packaged and then stored in a warehouse.
The result shows that the quality of the obtained product meets the standard requirement of HGT 3280-2011. The first-class rate reaches over 75 percent.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A production process of porous ammonium nitrate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing 96% ammonium nitrate liquid with a porous ammonium nitrate additive, feeding the mixed substance into a granulation tower, spraying the mixed substance out of a granulation nozzle, exchanging heat with air entering from the bottom of the tower, cooling to form solid ammonium nitrate particles, and drying the solid ammonium nitrate particles in a drying roller;
the second step is that: after entering a drying drum, the materials are picked up by a shoveling plate in the drum and then conveyed, preheated by preheated air from a downstream section, and then enter a countercurrent section to exchange heat with heated air from the countercurrent section, the materials are dried in the process to form porous ammonium nitrate, the porous ammonium nitrate is screened, unqualified materials are screened out and returned to a remelting tank for melting, and the porous materials suitable for standard particle sizes enter a plate cooler for cooling;
the third step: porous materials in the plate cooler vertically pass through an intermittent channel between stainless steel heat transfer plates from top to bottom in a dense phase conveying mode, granular ammonium nitrate entering the plate cooler is cooled through cooling circulating water countercurrent flow heat exchange and then through chilled water concurrent flow heat exchange, a small amount of dehumidification air is uniformly dispersed from the lower part and the middle part through a distribution pipe in the plate cooler and is contacted with the porous materials from bottom to top, so that the granular ammonium nitrate is in a protection state of dry air, and moisture absorption and deliquescence between the granular ammonium nitrate and outside air are avoided;
the fourth step: conveying the granular ammonium nitrate cooled by the plate cooler into a wrapping cylinder through a metering belt, spraying wrapping oil and packaging to obtain the ammonium nitrate fuel oil;
the granulation tower in the first step is a round tower, an electric shutter is arranged at an air inlet at the bottom of the tower, a temperature measuring instrument for discharging materials at the bottom of the tower is arranged, and a fin heat exchanger is additionally arranged behind the shutter at the bottom of the tower; naturally ventilating the tower of the granulation tower, carrying ammonium nitrate dust by upward air in the tower, washing the ammonium nitrate dust by a washing spray nozzle arranged at the top of the tower after passing through a movable shutter arranged on the granulation tower, emptying the ammonium nitrate dust, and finally returning the washed concentrated solution to a drying and washing tank, wherein the heat and mass transfer of the dust-containing air and the washing solution is realized at a corrugated filler in the granulation tower;
in the third step, the temperature of the porous material ammonium nitrate entering the plate cooler is 70 to 90 ℃; the temperature of the first section is reduced to 30 to 45 ℃ through cooling circulating water countercurrent heat exchange; then cooling to 20-32 ℃ through downstream heat exchange of a second section of chilled water; and the cooling circulating water in the third step comes from system circulating water, the flow is regulated by a regulating valve and then enters the upper section of the cooler for countercurrent heat exchange to cool the particles, and most heat of the product particles is exchanged by the circulating water, so that the heat exchange load of the lower section of the chilled water is reduced, and the power consumption is reduced.
2. The process for producing porous ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass concentration of the ammonium nitrate liquid is 96%, the ammonium nitrate liquid is conveyed to a remelting tank through a dilute ammonium nitrate pump of a neutralization device, gas ammonia is added into the remelting tank to adjust the pH value, and the ammonium nitrate liquid is conveyed to a receiving tank at the top of the tower through an ammonium nitrate conveying pump after the pH value is proper; mixing and stirring the mixture in the tower top receiving tank and the porous ammonium nitrate additive, controlling the steam quantity of the steam outer coil pipe through a steam regulating valve to stabilize the temperature of an ammonium nitrate solution in the tower top receiving tank, sending the ammonium nitrate solution to a standing spray head group through a pipeline, uniformly scattering the ammonium nitrate sprayed by the standing spray head, exchanging heat with air entering from the bottom of a granulation tower, gradually forming solid particle ammonium nitrate after cooling to a proper temperature, collecting the solid particle ammonium nitrate through a tower lower collecting funnel, converging the solid particle ammonium nitrate to a tower bottom belt, and conveying the solid particle ammonium nitrate to a drying drum through the tower bottom belt.
3. The process for producing porous ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the downstream section heating air in the second step is filtered by an air filter A, and then is sent into an air preheater after the air quantity is adjusted by an adjusting valve, the upstream section heating air is filtered by an air filter B, and then is sent into a primary air secondary heater after the air quantity is adjusted by an electric butterfly valve, the heat of the primary air secondary heater is provided by low evaporation, the material picked up in the drying cylinder exchanges heat with the heating air to complete crystal form conversion under the action of a porous ammonium nitrate additive to form porous particles, the air containing dust comes out from a middle air outlet of the drying cylinder to enter a drying washer, and then enters a drying washing separator after being sprayed and washed with washing liquid from a drying washing pump to complete gas-liquid separation, and the washed gas is pumped out by a drying induced draft fan and discharged.
4. The process for producing porous ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the screening machine is arranged above the plate heat exchanger; the materials are lifted to a high position by a bucket elevator, flow into a screening machine by virtue of gravity, qualified products discharged by the screening machine automatically flow into a plate cooler by virtue of gravity, and cooled finished products automatically flow into a discharging conveying belt of the plate cooler by virtue of gravity and are conveyed to a wrapping machine; unqualified products discharged by the screening machine automatically flow into the remelting tank by means of gravity for recycling.
5. The process for producing porous ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, the chilled water comes from closed cycle, the water in the chilled water tank enters the chilled water unit through the chilled water pump, and after the water comes out of the chilled water unit and is regulated by the chilled water flowmeter and the chilled water regulating valve, the chilled water is cooled to a set temperature by the chilled water unit and then is sent to the lower section of the plate cooler for downstream heat exchange, and the granular ammonium nitrate is finally cooled.
6. The process for producing porous ammonium nitrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the required dehumidification air in the third step is provided by a small Roots blower, and after dehumidification by a cold dryer and measurement by a dehumidification air flow meter, the dehumidification air enters the bottom and the middle of the plate cooler through the plate cold middle section air inlet valve and the plate cold lower section air inlet valve respectively, and a distribution pipe is arranged in the plate cooler to ensure that the dehumidification air is uniformly dispersed and fed.
7. A porous ammonium nitrate production device for the porous ammonium nitrate production process as claimed in claim 1, which comprises a tower top receiving tank, a granulation tower, a remelting tank, a circulating water system, a drying and washing separator, a primary and secondary air heater, a bucket elevator, a sieving machine, a plate cooler, a chilled water unit and a cold dryer; the method is characterized in that: the ammonium nitrate liquid is connected with a remelting tank through a normal-pressure neutralization dilute ammonium nitrate pump, a gas ammonia source device is also connected with the remelting tank, the remelting tank is communicated with a tower top receiving tank through an ammonium nitrate delivery pump, an additive device is connected with the tower top receiving tank, a stirring device is arranged in the tower top receiving tank, a low-temperature steam inlet and a low-temperature steam condensate outlet are also arranged in the tower top receiving tank, and a steam outer coil is connected with the low-temperature steam inlet through a steam regulating valve;
the ammonium nitrate solution in the tower top receiving groove is sent to a standing spray head group arranged in a granulation tower through a pipeline, a collecting funnel is arranged below the granulation tower, and the collecting funnel and a tower bottom belt are transmitted to a drying roller through the tower bottom belt;
a discharge port is formed below the drying drum, a discharge belt is arranged at the discharge port and is connected with a bucket elevator, the bucket elevator is connected with a screening machine, materials discharged from the drying drum are lifted to the screening machine through the bucket elevator to be screened, and the screening machine is respectively connected with a remelting tank and a plate cooler;
stainless steel heat transfer plates are arranged in the plate cooler, and an intermittent channel is formed among the stainless steel heat transfer plates for materials to pass through; the upper part of the plate cooler is connected with a circulating water system; the middle and lower parts are connected with a chilled water unit; the plate cooler is also internally provided with a distribution pipe, and a small amount of dehumidified air is uniformly dispersed from the lower part and the middle part through the distribution pipe.
8. The porous ammonium nitrate production apparatus of claim 7, characterized in that: the top of the granulation tower is provided with a top movable shutter, and the top of the tower is provided with a tower top washing spray head; a tower bottom electric shutter is arranged at the tower bottom, a tower bottom discharge temperature measuring instrument is arranged, and a heater is additionally arranged behind the tower bottom shutter;
a shoveling plate, an air preheater and an air primary and secondary heater are arranged in the cylinder of the drying roller; the air filter A is connected with the electric butterfly valve II and then connected with an air preheater in the drying drum; the air filter B is connected with the first electric butterfly valve and then connected with the primary and secondary air heater of the drying drum; the middle of the drying drum is provided with an air outlet which is connected with a drying washer, the drying washer is connected with a drying washing separator through a drying washing pump, a drying induced draft fan is arranged on the drying washing separator, and a flushing water pipeline is connected with the drying washing separator.
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| CN206156760U (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-05-10 | 太原柏悟化工科技有限公司 | Porous ammonium nitrate prilling granulator |
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| CN207435050U (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-06-01 | 天津华景化工新技术开发有限公司 | A kind of production system of bulky grain ammonium nitrate products |
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| WO1981001704A1 (en) * | 1979-12-12 | 1981-06-25 | Nitram Inc | Ammonium nitrate process and products |
| CN104925828A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-23 | 内蒙古乌拉山化肥有限责任公司 | Ammonium nitrate production device and method thereof |
| CN206156760U (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-05-10 | 太原柏悟化工科技有限公司 | Porous ammonium nitrate prilling granulator |
| CN107381599A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-11-24 | 天津华景化工新技术开发有限公司 | A kind of bulky grain ammonium nitrate products and preparation method thereof |
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