CN112622094B - Method and device for forming high-quality thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tows - Google Patents

Method and device for forming high-quality thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tows Download PDF

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CN112622094B
CN112622094B CN202011429362.4A CN202011429362A CN112622094B CN 112622094 B CN112622094 B CN 112622094B CN 202011429362 A CN202011429362 A CN 202011429362A CN 112622094 B CN112622094 B CN 112622094B
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thermoplastic resin
tows
carbon fiber
prepreg
stretching
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CN112622094A (en
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王宏晓
朱登洁
惠延波
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Henan University of Technology
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Henan University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/14Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length of filaments or wires

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for forming high-quality thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tows. The invention adopts the carbon fiber tows after being expanded and thinned to be fused and compounded with the thermoplastic resin, and the adopted small-tow carbon fibers are easy to be uniformly expanded and thinned, thereby not only improving the wettability of the fibers, but also improving the volume fraction of the fibers.

Description

Method and device for forming high-quality thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tows
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of thermoplastic resin-based fiber reinforced prepreg tows, and particularly relates to a method and a device for forming high-quality thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tows.
Background
In recent years, in the aspect of 3D printing, thermoplastic resin-based carbon fiber reinforced composite materials have attracted much attention due to advantages such as high molding efficiency, low molding cost, and mass production, and are a hot point of research. However, the mechanical properties of the material are poor, and the rigidity and strength of the forming member cannot meet the requirements of the structural bearing member, so that the application range of the forming member is limited. In the aspect of reinforcing wires, carbon fiber also draws wide attention of various industries due to strong mechanical properties, but the carbon fiber has poor forming performance when being applied alone, and cannot be used for 3D printing. If the carbon fiber tows and the thermoplastic resin matrix are compounded to be the prepreg tows, the mechanical property of the 3D printing part can be enhanced, and the forming property of the fibers can be enhanced.
Compared with thermosetting resin, the thermoplastic resin has high viscosity and poor fluidity when being melted, so that the thermoplastic resin has poor wettability when being compounded with fibers, uneven distribution of the compounded pre-impregnated tow resin, low fiber volume fraction, ineffective conversion of material performance, great reduction of mechanical properties of printed parts and no expected effect. However, if the carbon fiber tow is spread to be very thin, the wettability thereof is greatly improved.
The diameter of the tows used by the conventional 3D printing device is 0.4-3mm, and the diameter of a single carbon fiber is about 0.007mm. The prepreg tows with lower carbon fiber volume fraction have poorer mechanical properties and cannot play a role of mechanical bearing, generally, when the carbon fiber volume fraction content is about 60%, the mechanical properties and the printing properties of the prepreg tows are better, and the number of fibers corresponding to the prepreg tows with the diameter of 0.4-3mm under the volume fraction is about 2k-100k. The carbon fiber tows are divided into 1k, 3k, 12k, 24k, 48k and the like, wherein the 48k and above fiber tows are large tow fibers, large tow carbon fiber precursors are seriously gathered, the defects of buckling, adhesion, yarn breakage, angle dislocation, uneven arrangement and the like are easily generated in the fiber spreading process, the large tow carbon fiber precursors are difficult to spread, and the wettability is poor when the resin is compounded with the resin, and the large tow carbon fiber precursors are difficult to compound. The 24k or less tow is a small tow carbon fiber, and is easily spread uniformly, and has good wettability when compounded with a thermoplastic resin.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a high-performance thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tows, which adopts a high-temperature-resistant, high-strength and high-toughness thermoplastic resin matrix to obviously improve the heat resistance, strength and toughness of the prepreg tows.
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention also aims to provide a high-uniformity thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tows, the carbon fiber tows are spread to be as thin as 0.03mm in a transmission spreading mode and then are compounded with thermoplastic resin, so that the wettability of the thermoplastic resin is greatly improved, the uniformity of the carbon fiber and the thermoplastic resin during mixing can be improved, and the quality of the prepreg tows is improved.
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention also aims to provide a thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tows with high fiber volume fraction, and the carbon fiber tows are spread to be as thin as 0.03mm in a transmission spreading mode and then are compounded with an ultrathin thermoplastic resin film, so that the fiber wettability is improved, and the fiber volume fraction can be obviously improved.
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention aims at providing the prepreg tows with any diameter between 0.4 and 3mm, and the invention can provide the carbon fiber prepreg tows with the diameter between 0.4mm and 3mm by superposing and widening the small-tow carbon fibers.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for forming high-quality thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tows is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Designing and selecting the size of the corresponding small-tow carbon fiber and the number of tows according to the diameter requirement of the thermoplastic resin-based carbon fiber prepreg tows;
(2) Simultaneously widening the selected small-tow carbon fibers, and ensuring that the thickness of each bundle of carbon fibers after widening is below 0.03 mm;
(3) Performing preliminary hot-pressing, melting, compounding and curing on each bundle of expanded carbon fibers and a thermoplastic resin film with the thickness of less than 0.03mm to obtain a thermoplastic resin-based carbon fiber prepreg tape;
(4) Pre-rolling the stretched and compounded prepreg tape, and rolling the prepreg tape into a conical shape;
(5) Carrying out secondary melting composite curing on the curled prepreg tape, and extruding into prepreg tows with the designed diameter;
(6) And rolling the extruded prepreg tows into a disc shape for 3D printing.
Furthermore, the widening adopts a method of driving and spreading fibers.
Further, the step (3) is specifically that the spread carbon fiber precursor is rolled into a resin film every other layer, and then the resin films with the same number as the tows are rolled together, and the carbon fiber precursor is heated by a large-diameter heat conduction roller to be compounded.
Further, the heating temperature range is 50-400 ℃.
Further, the temperature range of the secondary melting, compounding and curing in the step (5) is 50-400 ℃.
The invention also provides a high-quality thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tow forming device, which comprises a plurality of stretching devices, a plurality of thermoplastic resin film material rolls, a heat-conducting roller, a traction roller, a first guide wheel, a pre-winding device, a heating melting extrusion device, a second guide wheel and a material receiving device which are sequentially arranged according to the plastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tow forming process, wherein the carbon fibers are stretched by the stretching devices and then are subjected to hot-pressing compounding with the thermoplastic resin films arranged on the thermoplastic resin film material rolls through the heat-conducting roller, then are subjected to pre-winding treatment through the first guide wheel and the pre-winding device, are subjected to heating extrusion and filament drawing through the heating melting extrusion device to be extruded into prepreg tows, and finally are received and wound through the material receiving device.
Furthermore, the stretching device comprises a carbon fiber precursor material roll, a first stretching wheel, a stretching mechanism, a second stretching wheel, a third guide wheel and a fourth guide wheel.
Furthermore, the stretching mechanism comprises a plurality of stretching wheels.
Further, the pre-coiling device comprises an elastic guide mechanism and a plurality of guide grooves, the elastic guide mechanism comprises elastic guide balls and guide hole-opening grooves, and the diameters of the round holes of the guide grooves are reduced in sequence according to the moving direction of the carbon fibers.
Furthermore, the inside of the heating, melting and extruding device is a tapered hole with a large inlet and a small outlet, the diameter of the inlet is the same as that of the pre-curled pre-impregnated tows, and the diameter of the outlet is slightly smaller than that of the pre-impregnated tows required to be formed.
Has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the fiber tows are thinned to be less than 0.03mm and are compounded with the ultrathin thermoplastic resin film, the contact area between the thinned fibers and the resin film is larger, the requirement on the viscosity of a resin matrix is low, the wettability of the resin can be improved without high-viscosity resin, the volume fraction of the fibers can be obviously improved while the uniformity of the compounding of the pre-impregnated tow resin and the fibers is improved, and the mechanical property of the thermoplastic resin-based carbon fiber pre-impregnated tows is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the pre-winding apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A schematic view of the structure of FIG. 2 along line A-A;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 2 along the line B-B;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a heating melt extrusion apparatus;
FIG. 6 is a process flow diagram of the molding method of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a carbon fiber precursor roll, 2 is a first tension wheel, 3 is a stretching mechanism, 4 is a second tension wheel, 5 is a third guide wheel, 6 is a thermoplastic resin film roll, 7 is a fourth guide wheel, 8 is a heat conduction roller, 9 is a traction roller, 10 is a first guide wheel, 11 is a pre-winding device, 12 is a heating and melting extrusion device, 13 is a receiving device, 14 is a second guide wheel, 15 is a stretching wheel, 16 is a thermoplastic resin/carbon fiber pre-dipping belt, 17 is an elastic guide mechanism, 18 is a guide groove, 19 is an elastic guide ball, 20 is a guide opening groove, 21 is an upper guide groove, 22 is a circular hole, and 23 is a lower guide groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a high-quality thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tow forming device includes a plurality of stretching devices, a plurality of thermoplastic resin film material rolls 6, a heat conducting roller 8, a traction roller 9, a first guide wheel 10, a pre-winding device 11, a heating and melting extrusion device 12, a second guide wheel 14 and a material receiving device 13, which are sequentially arranged according to a plastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tow forming process, wherein the carbon fibers are stretched by the stretching devices and then are subjected to hot-pressing compounding with the thermoplastic resin films arranged on the thermoplastic resin film material rolls 6 through the heat conducting roller 8, then are subjected to pre-winding treatment through the first guide wheel 10 and the pre-winding device 11, then are subjected to heating, extruding, filament drawing and extruding through the heating and melting extrusion device 12 to form prepreg tows, and finally are subjected to winding and receiving through the material receiving device 13 to form the prepared thermoplastic resin-based prepreg tows.
The stretching device comprises a carbon fiber precursor roll 1, a first stretching wheel 2, a stretching mechanism 3, a second stretching wheel 4, a third guide wheel 5 and a fourth guide wheel 7.
The stretching mechanism 3 includes a plurality of stretching wheels 15, in this embodiment, five stretching wheels 15 arranged in a staggered manner are used for stretching, and different numbers of stretching wheels 15 can be arranged according to the requirement.
The pre-winding device 11 comprises an elastic guide mechanism 17 and a plurality of guide grooves 18, wherein the elastic guide mechanism 17 comprises an elastic guide ball 19 and a guide perforated groove 20, and the diameters of round holes 22 of the guide grooves 18 are sequentially reduced according to the moving direction of carbon fibers. The guide groove 18 comprises an upper guide groove 21 and a lower guide groove 23, two ends of the upper guide groove 23 and two ends of the lower guide groove 23 are mounted together through fastening bolts, and the middle of the guide groove is provided with a circular hole 22.
The inside of the heating, melting and extruding device 12 is a tapered hole with a large inlet and a small outlet, the diameter of the inlet is the same as that of the pre-curled pre-impregnated tows, and the diameter of the outlet is slightly smaller than that of the pre-impregnated tows which are required to be shaped.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 6, a method for forming a high-quality thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tow comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the diameter requirement of the thermoplastic resin-based carbon fiber prepreg tows, the size of the corresponding small tow carbon fiber and the number of tows are designed and selected
(2) The N bundles of carbon fiber precursors pass through a tension control system, and the carbon fiber precursors respectively pass through a first tension wheel 2 and a second tension wheel 4 to control the precursors to keep a certain weak tension (5-10N), so that stable conveying is realized; carry under weak tension, carry out transmission broadening with the carbon fiber precursor after carrying, concrete process is: the carbon fiber precursor is spread sequentially through a transmission spreading system;
(3) The widened carbon fiber and the thermoplastic resin film are subjected to hot-pressing compounding, and the specific process comprises the following steps: winding n layers of resin films into every other layer of the expanded carbon fiber precursor, then winding the n layers of resin films together, and compounding the resin films through a heat conduction roller 8, wherein the expanded carbon fiber precursor and the thermoplastic resin film are heated through the heat conduction roller 8 when compounded, the heating temperature range is 50-400 ℃, and the heat conduction roller 8 supplies heat through heat conduction oil;
(4) Pre-rolling the compounded thermoplastic resin-based carbon fiber prepreg tape, namely, laying the prepreg tape compounded in the step (3) in a guide hole opening groove 20, preliminarily pre-rolling the prepreg tape by an elastic guide ball 19, and then gradually reducing the centers of round holes 22 of the three guide grooves by adjusting the three guide grooves with the diameters sequentially reduced to play a role in rolling the thermoplastic resin/carbon fiber prepreg tape 16 into a bundle, so as to roll the thermoplastic resin/carbon fiber prepreg tape 16 into a bundle;
(5) Heating, extruding and spinning the pre-coiled pre-impregnated belt, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: the pre-crimped prepreg tape is extruded into a prepreg tow by an extrusion device. The heating, melting and extruding device 12 plays a role in both secondary heating, melting and compounding and molding, the heating temperature range is 50-400 ℃, the interior of the heating device is a conical hole with a large inlet and a small outlet, the diameter of the inlet is the same as that of the pre-impregnated tows pre-curled and molded in the step (4), and the diameter of the outlet is slightly smaller than that of the pre-impregnated tows molded according to the design requirements.
(6) The prepared thermoplastic resin-based prepreg tows are collected into rolls by a material collecting device 13, and a second guide wheel 14 serving as a traction guide device is required between the material collecting device 13 and the heating, melting and extruding device 12.
The invention adopts the thermoplastic resin matrix with high temperature resistance, high strength and high toughness, and obviously improves the heat resistance, strength and toughness of the prepreg tows.
According to the invention, the carbon fiber tows are spread to be as thin as 0.03mm in a transmission spreading mode and then are compounded with the thermoplastic resin, so that the wettability of the thermoplastic resin is greatly improved, the uniformity of the carbon fiber tows and the thermoplastic resin during mixing can be improved, and the quality of the prepreg tows is improved.
According to the invention, the carbon fiber tows are spread to be as thin as 0.03mm in a transmission spreading mode and then are compounded with the ultrathin thermoplastic resin film, so that the fiber wettability is improved, and the volume fraction of the fibers can be obviously improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (1)

1. A method for forming high-quality thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tows is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the device comprises a plurality of stretching devices, a plurality of thermoplastic resin film material rolls, a heat-conducting roller, a traction roller, a first guide wheel, a pre-rolling device, a heating melting extrusion device, a second guide wheel and a material receiving device which are sequentially arranged according to a thermoplastic resin-based continuous fiber prepreg tow forming process, wherein carbon fibers are stretched by the stretching devices, then are subjected to hot-pressing compounding with a thermoplastic resin film arranged on the thermoplastic resin film material rolls through the heat-conducting roller, are subjected to pre-rolling treatment through the first guide wheel and the pre-rolling device, are subjected to heating extrusion and fiber drawing extrusion through the heating melting extrusion device to form prepreg tows, and are finally received into rolls through the material receiving device;
(1) Designing and selecting the size of the corresponding small-tow carbon fiber and the number of tows according to the diameter requirement of the thermoplastic resin-based carbon fiber prepreg tows;
(2) Simultaneously widening the selected small-tow carbon fibers, and ensuring that the thickness of each bundle of carbon fibers after widening is below 0.03 mm;
(3) Performing primary hot-pressing, melting, compounding and curing on each bundle of expanded carbon fibers and a thermoplastic resin film with the thickness of less than 0.03mm to obtain a thermoplastic resin-based carbon fiber prepreg tape;
(4) Pre-rolling the stretched and compounded prepreg tape, and rolling the prepreg tape into a conical shape;
(5) Carrying out secondary melting composite curing on the curled prepreg tape, and extruding into prepreg tows with the designed diameter;
(6) Rolling the extruded prepreg tows into a disc shape for 3D printing;
the broadening adopts a transmission fiber broadening method;
the step (3) is to roll the spread carbon fiber precursor into a resin film at intervals, and then roll the carbon fiber precursor into a resin film with the same number as the tows, and compound the carbon fiber precursor by heating through a heat conducting roller, wherein the heating temperature range is 50-400 ℃;
the temperature range of the secondary melting composite curing in the step (5) is 50-400 ℃;
the stretching device comprises a carbon fiber precursor material roll, a first stretching wheel, a stretching mechanism, a second stretching wheel, a third guide wheel and a fourth guide wheel;
the stretching mechanism comprises a plurality of stretching wheels;
the pre-coiling device comprises an elastic guide mechanism and a plurality of guide grooves, the elastic guide mechanism comprises an elastic guide ball and a guide hole opening groove, and the diameters of round holes of the guide grooves are sequentially reduced according to the moving direction of carbon fibers;
the inside of the heating melting extrusion device is a tapered hole with a large inlet and a small outlet, the diameter of the inlet is the same as that of the pre-curled pre-impregnated tows, and the diameter of the outlet is smaller than that of the pre-impregnated tows molded according to the design requirement.
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