CN112621549B - Method for rheologically polishing spherical part with through hole - Google Patents
Method for rheologically polishing spherical part with through hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN112621549B CN112621549B CN202011494532.7A CN202011494532A CN112621549B CN 112621549 B CN112621549 B CN 112621549B CN 202011494532 A CN202011494532 A CN 202011494532A CN 112621549 B CN112621549 B CN 112621549B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/003—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor whereby the workpieces are mounted on a holder and are immersed in the abrasive material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/12—Accessories; Protective equipment or safety devices; Installations for exhaustion of dust or for sound absorption specially adapted for machines covered by group B24B31/00
Abstract
The invention provides a force rheological polishing method for a spherical part with a through hole, which utilizes a special workpiece clamp to clamp a workpiece (5); the workpiece clamp comprises a clamping shaft (2), an upper limiting plate (3) which can be sleeved on the clamping shaft (2), and a lower limiting plate (4) which can be fixed at the lower end of the clamping shaft (2); the clamping shaft (2) is provided with a shaft shoulder (201) for forming axial limiting on the upper limiting plate (3); the upper limiting plate (3) and/or the lower limiting plate (4) are/is provided with limiting steps for limiting the radial movement of the workpiece; during polishing, the workpiece (5) rotates in the polishing groove (1) filled with the force rheological polishing liquid along with the workpiece clamp and revolves relative to the polishing groove (1), and the material is removed under the shearing action of the force rheological polishing liquid, so that the surface polishing purpose is achieved. The method can realize high-efficiency and high-quality polishing of the surface of the spherical part with the through hole, reduce the labor cost and improve the production benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a precision and ultra-precision machining technology, in particular to a force rheological polishing method for a spherical part with a through hole.
Background
For the spherical part with the through hole as shown in fig. 1, because the outer surface of the spherical part is in a spherical special shape, when the outer surface of the spherical part is polished, a worker polishing the outer surface by using a traditional belt sander can not ensure the consistency of the surface gloss, and the worker has high labor intensity, low working efficiency and serious pollution.
The force rheological polishing technology takes non-Newtonian fluid with shear thickening property as base liquid to prepare polishing liquid, during the polishing process, relative motion is formed between the polishing liquid and the surface of a workpiece, so that the non-Newtonian fluid is subjected to shear action to generate a shear thickening phenomenon (reversible change), the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid is rapidly increased, the non-Newtonian fluid instantly presents the characteristic similar to solid, the holding force on abrasive particles is enhanced, a flexible 'fixed abrasive tool' is formed at a processing position, and the high-efficiency and high-quality polishing of the surface of the workpiece can be realized; the flow characteristic of the non-Newtonian fluid polishing solution ensures that the formed fixed abrasive tool can keep good goodness of fit with curved surfaces with different curvatures, so that the non-Newtonian fluid polishing solution can be used for polishing curved surface parts; meanwhile, the non-Newtonian fluid is easy to obtain, low in cost and harmless to the environment. However, there is currently a lack of suitable force rheology polishing processes for the polishing processing requirements of spherical parts as shown in fig. 1.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application provides the method for polishing the spherical part with the through hole by force flow change, the method can realize the high-efficiency and high-quality polishing of the surface of the spherical part with the through hole, the labor cost is reduced, and the production benefit is improved.
The application provides the following technical scheme:
a method for polishing spherical parts with through holes by force flow change comprises the steps of clamping a workpiece by a special workpiece clamp; the workpiece clamp comprises a clamping shaft, an upper limiting plate and a lower limiting plate, wherein the upper limiting plate can be sleeved on the clamping shaft, and the lower limiting plate can be fixed at the lower end of the clamping shaft; the clamping shaft is provided with a shaft shoulder for forming axial limiting on the upper limiting plate; the upper limiting plate and/or the lower limiting plate are/is provided with limiting steps for limiting the radial movement of the workpiece; in a clamping state, the clamping shaft penetrates through a through hole in the workpiece, the upper end of the workpiece abuts against the upper limiting plate, the lower end of the workpiece abuts against the lower limiting plate, the upper limiting plate abuts against a shaft shoulder on the clamping shaft, and the lower limiting plate is fixedly connected with the lower end of the clamping shaft to axially limit the workpiece; meanwhile, the workpiece is matched with a limiting step on the upper limiting plate and/or the lower limiting plate to realize radial limiting; during polishing, the workpiece rotates in the polishing groove filled with the force rheological polishing liquid along with the workpiece clamp and revolves relative to the polishing groove, and the material is removed under the shearing action of the force rheological polishing liquid, so that the purpose of surface polishing is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the force rheological polishing method adopts the specific workpiece clamp to clamp the spherical part with the through hole, and enables the workpiece clamped by the workpiece clamp to simultaneously revolve and rotate in the polishing groove and form relative motion with polishing liquid in the polishing groove, so that the surface material of the workpiece is quickly and uniformly removed, the high-efficiency and high-quality polishing of the surface of the spherical part with the through hole can be realized, the cost of workers is reduced, and the production benefit is improved.
As an optimization scheme, in the method for rheologically polishing the spherical part with the through hole, the upper limiting plate is provided with an upper limiting step matched with one end of the workpiece, and the lower limiting plate is provided with a lower limiting step matched with the other end of the workpiece; under the clamping state, the upper limiting step and the lower limiting step are respectively matched with two ends of the workpiece to limit the workpiece in the radial direction. The two ends of the workpiece are radially limited through the limiting steps arranged on the upper limiting plate and the lower limiting plate, and the clamping stability and reliability are high.
As an optimized scheme, in the method for rheologically polishing the spherical part with the through hole, the clamping shaft can be arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane during polishing, and the polishing solution can submerge the workpiece by 1-2 mm.
In the method for polishing spherical parts with through holes by force rheology, for convenience of implementation, during polishing, the upper end of the clamping shaft is connected with a rotation shaft arranged on a revolution plate, the revolution plate drives a motor to rotate through the revolution plate so as to enable a workpiece to revolve in a polishing groove, and the rotation shaft drives the motor to rotate through the rotation so as to enable the workpiece to rotate in the polishing groove.
As an optimized scheme, in the method for the mechanical rheological polishing of the spherical part with the through hole, the surface material of the workpiece is bearing steel; in the mechanical rheological polishing solution, abrasive particles account for 10-20 wt%, a shear rheological dispersed phase accounts for 40-60 wt%, and the balance is water. Further, the abrasive particles can adopt alumina (the particle size can be 3000-8000 meshes, and when the abrasive particles are implemented, the particle size of the abrasive is selected according to the processing precision requirement), and the shear rheological dispersed phase can be composed of 1, 3-propylene glycol and nano-silica according to the mass ratio of 5:0.8-1 (the specification of the nano-silica can be SP 100). The polishing solution is adopted to process bearing steel materials, and the processing efficiency is high.
In the method for polishing the spherical part with the through hole by force rheology, a heat exchange medium is adopted to cool the force rheology polishing solution in the polishing tank during polishing. Therefore, the temperature of the polishing solution and the workpiece can be prevented from rising after shearing action, the temperature exceeds the reasonable range of the process requirement, and shutdown cooling is avoided.
Further, in the method for the mechanical rheological polishing of the spherical part with the through hole, the polishing groove at least comprises a groove bottom and a groove outer ring; the interior of the tank bottom is hollow to form a fluid cavity A, a separation strip A is arranged in the fluid cavity A, and a circulating water inlet A and a circulating water outlet A which are communicated with the outside are respectively arranged on two sides of the separation strip A; the inner part of the groove outer ring is hollow to form a B fluid cavity, a B separation strip is arranged in the B fluid cavity, and a B circulating water inlet and a B circulating water outlet which are communicated with the outside are respectively arranged on two sides of the B separation strip; the circulating water outlet A and the circulating water outlet B are communicated with an inlet of the circulating temperature adjusting device through pipelines, and correspondingly, the circulating water inlet A and the circulating water inlet B are communicated with an outlet of the circulating temperature adjusting device through pipelines, so that a circulating loop is formed; the circulation loop is provided with a liquid heat exchange medium, during polishing, the temperature of the rheologic polishing liquid in the polishing tank rises and then transfers heat to the liquid heat exchange medium, and the circulation temperature adjusting device enables the liquid heat exchange medium in the circulation loop to circularly flow and exchange heat with an external heat exchange medium when flowing through the circulation temperature adjusting device so as to dissipate the heat.
Therefore, during polishing, the liquid heat exchange medium can circularly flow under the action of the circulating temperature adjusting device, the temperature of the liquid heat exchange medium is maintained within a certain range by carrying out heat exchange with an external heat exchange medium when the liquid heat exchange medium flows through the circulating temperature adjusting device, and when the temperature difference exists between the polishing liquid in the polishing tank and the liquid heat exchange medium in the polishing tank, the polishing liquid and the liquid heat exchange medium carry out heat exchange, so that the temperature of the polishing liquid is maintained within a process requirement range.
Further, in the method for polishing the spherical part with the through hole by means of force rheology, a group of A external drainage strips and a group of A internal drainage strips are correspondingly arranged in the fluid cavity A along the circumferential direction; the outer end of the A outer drainage strip is abutted against the outer side wall of the A fluid cavity, and a gap is reserved between the inner end of the A outer drainage strip and the inner side wall of the A fluid cavity; the inner end of the inner drainage strip A is abutted against the inner side wall of the fluid cavity A, and a gap is reserved between the outer end of the inner drainage strip A and the outer side wall of the fluid cavity A; the A outer drainage strips and the A inner drainage strips are alternately arranged to form an A snake-shaped flow passage; a group of upper drainage strips B and a group of lower drainage strips B are correspondingly arranged in the fluid cavity B along the circumferential direction; the upper end of the upper drainage strip B is abutted against the upper side wall of the fluid cavity B, and a gap is reserved between the lower end of the upper drainage strip B and the lower side wall of the fluid cavity B; the lower end of the lower drainage strip B is abutted against the lower side wall of the fluid cavity B, and a gap is reserved between the upper end of the lower drainage strip B and the upper side wall of the fluid cavity B; and the upper drainage strips B and the lower drainage strips B are alternately arranged to form a snake-shaped flow passage B. Therefore, during polishing, the liquid heat exchange medium flows along the snake-shaped flow channel in the polishing groove, the flow path is long, and the heat exchange efficiency is high.
Further, in the method for rheologically polishing the spherical part with the through hole, the circulating temperature adjusting device comprises a pump and a heat exchanger connected with the pump. The circulating temperature adjusting device adopts the structure, is easy to implement and is beneficial to popularization.
Further, in the method for polishing the spherical part with the through hole by force rheology, a pipeline connected with an inlet of the circulating temperature adjusting device is provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the pump through a temperature feedback control element. Therefore, the rotating speed of the pump can be controlled according to the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor, the flow of the liquid heat exchange medium is regulated, and the pump is operated at a lower rotating speed when the temperature of the liquid heat exchange medium flowing out of the polishing groove is within a set range, so that the energy consumption is reduced; when the temperature of the liquid heat exchange medium flowing out of the polishing groove exceeds a certain set value, the pump is controlled to operate at a high rotating speed, the flow of the liquid heat exchange medium is accelerated, and therefore the heat exchange with the polishing liquid is accelerated.
Further, in the aforementioned method for polishing a spherical part with a through hole by mechanical rheology, the outer surface of the polishing tank is covered with a heat insulating material. The external surface of the polishing groove is covered by the heat insulation material, so that heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the air around the polishing groove is prevented, and the heat insulation effect on the liquid heat exchange medium is realized, so that the heat exchange efficiency between the liquid heat exchange medium and the polishing solution is higher.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention with a passing spherical element;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a workpiece holder holding a workpiece during polishing of a workpiece with a passing ball feature using the force rheology polishing method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a front projection view of the structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A of the structure of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial view of the view in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a force rheology polishing apparatus in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the kinematic assembly in the rheo-polishing apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the thumb wheel in the force rheology polishing apparatus in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a system for temperature control of a rheo-polishing fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a polishing receptacle in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the polishing receptacle of FIG. 10 from another perspective;
FIG. 12 is a side projection view of a polishing receptacle in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a bottom view of a polishing receptacle in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the polishing receptacle of FIG. 13 taken along line B;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the polishing receptacle of FIG. 13 taken along line C;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view (with the outer layer removed) of the internal structure of a polishing receptacle in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of another perspective of the internal structure of the polishing receptacle of FIG. 16;
FIG. 18 is a perspective view of another perspective of the internal structure of the polishing receptacle of FIG. 16.
In the drawings, the reference numbers: 1-polishing groove, 101-groove bottom, 1011-A fluid cavity, 1012-A division strip, 1013-A circulating water inlet, 1014-A circulating water outlet, 1015-A external drainage strip, 1016-A internal drainage strip, 102-groove external ring, 1021-B fluid cavity, 1022-B division strip, 1023-B circulating water inlet, 1024-B circulating water outlet, 1025-B upper drainage strip, 1026-B lower drainage strip, 103-groove external ring, 1031-C fluid cavity, 1032-C division strip, 1033-C circulating water inlet, 1034-C circulating water outlet, 1035-C upper drainage strip and 1036-C lower drainage strip; 2-clamping shaft, 201-shaft shoulder, 202-coupling seat; 3-upper limiting plate, 301-upper limiting ladder; 4-lower limiting plate, 401-lower limiting ladder; 5-workpiece 5; 6-revolution plate; 7-a rotation shaft, 701-a coupling head; 8-revolution plate driving motor; 9-rotating shaft driving motor; 10-a pump; 11-heat exchange means; 12-a temperature sensor; 13-temperature feedback control element; 14-a base; 15-conductive slip rings; 16-lifting device, 1601-lifting shaft, 1602-lifting driving element, 1603-portal frame; 17-a transmission fixture block; 18-thumb wheel, 1801-drive slot.
Detailed Description
The invention according to the present application will be further described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description (examples), but the invention is not limited thereto.
The method of the invention can be used for surface polishing of spherical parts with through-holes as shown in figure 1.
During machining, the workpiece 5 is held by the workpiece holder. In a clamping state, as shown in fig. 2-5, the clamping shaft 2 penetrates through a through hole 501 in the workpiece 5, the upper end of the workpiece 5 abuts against the upper limiting plate 3, the lower end of the workpiece 5 abuts against the lower limiting plate 4, the upper limiting plate 3 abuts against a shaft shoulder 201 on the clamping shaft 2, and the lower limiting plate 4 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the clamping shaft 2 to axially limit the workpiece 5; meanwhile, the workpiece 5 is radially limited by matching with the limiting steps on the upper limiting plate 3 and/or the lower limiting plate 4.
During polishing, the workpiece 5 rotates in the polishing tank 1 filled with the rheologic polishing liquid along with the workpiece fixture and revolves relative to the polishing tank 1, and the material is removed under the shearing action of the rheologic polishing liquid, so that the surface polishing purpose is achieved.
The method of force rheology polishing of the present invention can be implemented using a force rheology polishing apparatus as shown in figure 6. Referring to fig. 6-8, the rheo-polishing apparatus includes an apparatus body and a workpiece holder; the apparatus body includes a chassis 14; a polishing groove 1 is arranged on the bottom frame 14, and the polishing groove 1 consists of a groove bottom 101, a groove outer ring 102 and a groove inner ring 103; a motion assembly is correspondingly arranged above the polishing groove 1; the movement assembly comprises a revolution plate 6; a group of rotating shafts 7 which are distributed along the circumferential direction and can rotate are arranged on the revolution plate 6, the upper ends of the rotating shafts 7 are in transmission connection with a rotating shaft driving motor 9, and the lower ends of the rotating shafts 7 are provided with connecting heads 701 for connecting the workpiece clamps; the revolution plate 6 is coupled with a lifting shaft 1601 of the lifting device 16 through a revolute pair, and the lifting shaft 1601 can be driven by a lifting driving element 1602 of the lifting device 16 to move up and down; the lifting shaft 1601 is sleeved with a conductive slip ring 15, and the rotating shaft driving motor 9 is electrically connected with the conductive slip ring 15 (when the lifting device works, an external power supply supplies power to the rotating shaft driving motor 9 through the conductive slip ring 15); a poking wheel hole 301 is formed in the middle of the revolution plate 6, a group of transmission clamping blocks 17 are arranged on the edge of the poking wheel hole 301 along the circumferential direction, correspondingly, a poking wheel 18 capable of being driven by the revolution driving motor 8 is arranged on the outer side of the groove inner ring 103, and a transmission clamping groove 1801 used for being matched with the transmission clamping blocks 17 is formed in the poking wheel 18; the lifting shaft 1601 is coaxially arranged with the thumb wheel 18; the workpiece clamp comprises a clamping shaft 2, an upper limiting plate 3 which can be sleeved on the clamping shaft 2, and a lower limiting plate 4 which can be fixed at the lower end of the clamping shaft 2; the clamping shaft 2 is provided with a shaft shoulder 201 for forming axial limiting on the upper limiting plate 3; the upper end of the clamping shaft 2 is provided with a coupling seat 202 which can be matched with a coupling head 701 to form fixed connection; and the upper limiting plate 3 and the lower limiting plate 4 are provided with limiting steps for limiting the radial movement of the workpiece.
In a clamping state, the clamping shaft 2 penetrates through a through hole 501 in the workpiece 5, the upper end of the workpiece 501 abuts against the upper limiting plate 3, the lower end of the workpiece 501 abuts against the lower limiting plate 4, the upper limiting plate 3 abuts against a shaft shoulder 201 on the clamping shaft 2, and the lower limiting plate 4 is fixedly connected (in threaded connection) with the lower end of the clamping shaft 2 to axially limit the workpiece; meanwhile, the workpiece is matched with the limiting steps on the upper limiting plate 3 and the lower limiting plate 4 to realize radial limiting.
During polishing, the workpiece 5 can simultaneously perform revolution and rotation (the revolution is realized by the rotation of the revolution plate 6, and the rotation is realized by the rotation of the rotation shaft 7) in the polishing tank 1 filled with the force rheological polishing liquid along with the workpiece fixture, and the material on the surface of the workpiece is removed under the shearing action of the force rheological polishing liquid, so that the surface polishing purpose is achieved.
In the above device, the rotation shaft driving motor 9 is connected with the rotation shaft 7 through a belt driving structure (synchronous belt). The number of the rotating shafts 7 is 6, the number of the rotating shaft driving motors 9 is 2, and each rotating shaft driving motor 9 is in transmission connection with 3 rotating shafts 7 through a belt.
In the device, the transmission fixture block 17 is hinged with the revolution plate 6. Therefore, the transmission clamping block 17 can be matched with the transmission clamping groove 1801 more easily.
In the above device, the upper limiting plate 3 is provided with an upper limiting step 301 matched with one end of the workpiece, and the lower limiting plate 4 is provided with a lower limiting step 301 matched with the other end of the workpiece. After the clamping is completed, the upper limiting step 301 and the lower limiting step 301 respectively form radial limiting with two ends of the workpiece.
In the above apparatus, the lifting device 16 further includes a gantry 1603 installed on the underframe 14, and the lifting driving element 1602 is installed on the gantry 1603; the lifting driving element 1602 is an electric screw rod. When in use, the electric screw rod can drive the revolution plate 6 to ascend or descend. After the workpiece is clamped, the electric screw rod drives the revolution plate 6 to descend, so that the transmission clamping block 17 is matched with the transmission clamping groove 1801 on the shifting wheel 18, the shifting wheel 18 drives the revolution plate 6 to revolve, after polishing is finished, the shifting wheel 18 stops rotating, the electric screw rod drives the revolution plate 6 to ascend, and then the polished workpiece is detached from the workpiece clamp.
In the above device, referring to fig. 9-18, the inside of the tank bottom 101 is hollow to form an a fluid cavity 1011, a separation strip 1012 is arranged in the a fluid cavity 1011, and a circulating water inlet 1013 and a circulating water outlet 1014 which are communicated with the outside are respectively arranged on both sides of the separation strip 1012; the inside of the groove outer ring 102 is hollow to form a B fluid cavity 1021, a B separation strip 1022 is arranged in the B fluid cavity 1021, and a B circulating water inlet 1023 and a B circulating water outlet 1024 which are communicated with the outside are respectively arranged on two sides of the B separation strip 1022; the inner part of the groove inner ring 103 is hollow to form a C fluid chamber 1031, a C separating strip 1032 is arranged in the C fluid chamber 1031, and a C circulating water inlet 1033 and a C circulating water outlet 1034 which are communicated with the outside are respectively arranged on two sides of the C separating strip 1032; the circulating water outlet 1014, the circulating water outlet 1024B and the circulating water outlet 1034C are communicated with the inlet of the circulating temperature adjusting device through pipelines, and correspondingly, the circulating water inlet 1013, the circulating water inlet 1023 and the circulating water inlet 1033A are communicated with the outlet of the circulating temperature adjusting device through pipelines, so that a circulating loop is formed; the circulating loop is provided with a liquid heat exchange medium, and the circulating temperature adjusting device can make the liquid heat exchange medium in the circulating loop circularly flow and exchange heat with an external heat exchange medium when flowing through the circulating temperature adjusting device. The polishing tank 1 is connected with the circulating temperature adjusting device through a pipeline to form a polishing liquid temperature adjusting and controlling system, and the temperature of the rheologic polishing liquid in the polishing process can be controlled, so that the temperature of the rheologic polishing liquid is maintained in a range meeting the technological requirements. (Heat is generated by shearing action of the workpiece and the polishing liquid during polishing)
In the above device, a group of a external drainage strips 1015 and a group of a internal drainage strips 1016 are correspondingly arranged in the a fluid cavity 1011 along the circumferential direction; the outer end of the A outer drainage strip 1015 abuts against the outer side wall of the A fluid cavity 1011, and a gap is reserved between the inner end of the A outer drainage strip and the inner side wall of the A fluid cavity 1011; the inner end of the A inner drainage strip 1016 abuts against the inner side wall of the A fluid cavity 1011, and a gap is reserved between the outer end of the A inner drainage strip and the outer side wall of the A fluid cavity 1011; the A outer drainage strips 1015 and the A inner drainage strips 1016 are alternately arranged to form an A snake-shaped flow channel; a group of upper drainage strips 1025 and a group of lower drainage strips 1026 are correspondingly arranged in the fluid cavity 1021 along the circumferential direction; the upper end of the B upper drainage strip 1025 abuts against the upper side wall of the B fluid cavity 1021, and a gap is reserved between the lower end of the B upper drainage strip 1025 and the lower side wall of the B fluid cavity 1021; the lower end of the B lower drainage strip 1026 is abutted against the lower side wall of the B fluid cavity 1021, and a gap is reserved between the upper end of the B lower drainage strip and the upper side wall of the B fluid cavity 1021; the B upper drainage strips 1025 and the B lower drainage strips 1026 are alternately arranged to form a B snake-shaped flow channel; a group of C upper drainage strips 1035 and a group of C lower drainage strips 1036 are correspondingly arranged in the C fluid cavity 1031 along the circumferential direction; the upper end of the C upper drainage strip 1035 abuts against the upper side wall of the C fluid chamber 1031, and a gap is reserved between the lower end of the C upper drainage strip 1035 and the lower side wall of the C fluid chamber 1031; the lower end of the C lower drainage strip 1036 abuts against the lower side wall of the C fluid chamber 1031, and a gap is reserved between the upper end of the C lower drainage strip 1036 and the upper side wall of the C fluid chamber 1031; the C upper drainage strips 1035 and the C lower drainage strips 1036 are alternately arranged to form a C serpentine channel.
In the device, the groove bottom 101, the groove outer ring 102 and the groove inner ring 103 are all of a double-layer structure, the outer layer is fixed through screws, and the joint of the inner layer and the outer layer is subjected to sealing treatment (when the device works, the inner layer is in contact with polishing liquid). The gap between the two layers is the fluid cavity, which is obtained by the design of two layers, thus the method is easy to implement and has low manufacturing cost.
In the above apparatus, the circulation temperature adjusting device comprises a pump 10, and a heat exchange device 11 connected with the pump 10. The heat exchanging device 11 has two fluid passages, one is a flow passage of the liquid heat exchanging medium, and the other is a flow passage of the external heat exchanging medium, when in operation, the pump 10 makes the liquid heat exchanging medium circularly flow, and the liquid heat exchanging medium flows into the heat exchanging device 11 and then exchanges heat with the external heat exchanging medium flowing into the heat exchanging device 11.
In the above-described plant, the heat exchanger 11 is an air-water cooler, and the liquid heat exchange medium flows into the heat exchanger 11 and exchanges heat with air (external heat exchange medium) flowing through the heat exchanger 11.
In the above device, a pipeline connected to the inlet of the circulating temperature adjusting device is provided with a temperature sensor 13, and the temperature sensor 13 is electrically connected to the pump 10 through a temperature feedback control element 14. In operation, the temperature sensor 13 detects the temperature of the liquid heat exchange medium flowing out of the polishing tank 1, and the temperature feedback control element 14 adjusts the rotation speed of the pump 10 based on the detection result of the temperature sensor 13.
In the above apparatus, the outer surface of the polishing tank 1 is covered with a heat insulating material. The heat insulating material can prevent the liquid heat exchange medium from exchanging heat with the air around the polishing bath 1.
In the above-described apparatus, the liquid heat exchange medium is water (water is readily available and is pollution-free and is a preferred liquid heat exchange medium for carrying out the present invention).
In one embodiment, the process requires that the temperature of the polishing slurry be controlled to 25 ± 3 ℃. The temperature of the external heat exchange medium is set to 20 ℃ (in this case, the room temperature is controlled to be 20 ℃ by using an air conditioner, and actually, an inlet of the external heat exchange medium on the heat exchange device 11 can also be connected with an outlet of the air conditioning equipment through a pipeline), during polishing, the temperature sensor 13 detects the temperature of the liquid heat exchange medium flowing out of a fluid cavity inside the polishing tank 1 in real time, when the temperature sensor 13 detects that the temperature rises to 27.5 ℃, the pump 10 is controlled to increase the rotating speed, the flowing of the liquid heat exchange medium is accelerated, the heat exchange is accelerated, and after the temperature sensor 13 detects that the temperature drops to 22 ℃, the temperature feedback control element 14 controls the pump 10 to operate at a lower rotating speed. In this case, the temperature of the electrorheological polishing fluid is maintained within the 25 + -3 deg.C range required for the polishing process.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the form of the heat exchanging device 11 is not limited to the air-water cooler in the above-described embodiment, and the external heat exchanging medium is not limited to air (or liquid), as long as the liquid heat exchanging medium can exchange heat with the external heat exchanging medium in the heat exchanging device 11, and the temperature of the liquid heat exchanging medium can be maintained within a required range. In the practice of the present invention, the heat exchange unit 11 may be made by itself or may be purchased directly from the market in the appropriate size.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to a specific example of a method of the invention for rheo-polishing:
this embodiment performs a polishing process on the workpiece 5 in the above-described force rheology polishing apparatus shown in fig. 6.
In this embodiment, the workpiece 5 is made of bearing steel; in the adopted mechanical rheological polishing solution, the abrasive particles account for 15 wt%, the shear rheological dispersed phase accounts for 50 wt%, and the balance is water, and when the polishing solution is prepared, the abrasive particles and the shear rheological dispersed phase are added into the water and are uniformly stirred to obtain the polishing solution; wherein, the abrasive particles adopt 3000-mesh alumina, and the shear rheological dispersion phase consists of 1, 3-propylene glycol and nano-silica (SP100) according to the mass ratio of 5: 1. During polishing, the temperature of the polishing solution is controlled to be 25 +/-3 ℃, the polishing solution is submerged in the whole workpiece 5, the rotation shaft 7 rotates (autorotation) at the rotating speed of 20rpm, the revolution plate 6 rotates (revolution) at the rotating speed of 50rpm, and the revolution radius of the workpiece 5 is 460 mm.
The initial surface roughness Ra of the workpiece is 230nm-300nm, the surface roughness Ra is reduced to about 60nm after the workpiece is machined for 20 minutes, and the spherical surface roughness is reduced to about 20nm and tends to be stable after the workpiece is machined for 30 minutes.
The above general description of the invention and the description of the specific embodiments thereof should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the invention. Those skilled in the art can add, reduce or combine the technical features disclosed in the general description and/or the embodiments to form other technical solutions within the scope of the present invention without departing from the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for rheologically polishing the spherical part with the through hole is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method utilizes a special workpiece clamp to clamp a workpiece (5); the workpiece clamp comprises a clamping shaft (2), an upper limiting plate (3) which can be sleeved on the clamping shaft (2), and a lower limiting plate (4) which can be fixed at the lower end of the clamping shaft (2); the clamping shaft (2) is provided with a shaft shoulder (201) for forming axial limiting on the upper limiting plate (3); the upper limiting plate (3) and/or the lower limiting plate (4) are/is provided with limiting steps for limiting the radial movement of the workpiece;
in a clamping state, the clamping shaft (2) penetrates through a through hole (501) in the workpiece (5), the upper end of the workpiece (5) abuts against the upper limiting plate (3), the lower end of the workpiece (5) abuts against the lower limiting plate (4), the upper limiting plate (3) abuts against a shaft shoulder (201) on the clamping shaft (2), and the lower limiting plate (4) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the clamping shaft (2) to axially limit the workpiece (5); meanwhile, the workpiece (5) is matched with the limiting ladder on the upper limiting plate (3) and/or the lower limiting plate (4) to realize radial limiting;
during polishing, the workpiece (5) rotates in the polishing groove (1) filled with the force rheological polishing liquid along with the workpiece clamp and revolves relative to the polishing groove (1), and the material is removed under the shearing action of the force rheological polishing liquid, so that the surface polishing purpose is achieved;
during polishing, cooling the force rheological polishing solution in the polishing tank (1) by using a heat exchange medium;
in the method, the polishing groove (1) at least comprises a groove bottom (101) and a groove outer ring (102); the interior of the tank bottom (101) is hollow to form an A fluid cavity (1011), an A separation strip (1012) is arranged in the A fluid cavity (1011), and a circulating water inlet (1013) and a circulating water outlet (1014) which are communicated with the outside are respectively arranged on two sides of the A separation strip (1012); the interior of the groove outer ring (102) is hollow to form a B fluid cavity (1021), a B separating strip (1022) is arranged in the B fluid cavity (1021), and a B circulating water inlet (1023) and a B circulating water outlet (1024) which are communicated with the outside are respectively arranged on two sides of the B separating strip (1022);
the circulating water outlet A (1014) and the circulating water outlet B (1024) are communicated with an inlet of the circulating temperature adjusting device through pipelines, and correspondingly, the circulating water inlet A (1013) and the circulating water inlet B (1023) are communicated with an outlet of the circulating temperature adjusting device through pipelines, so that a circulating loop is formed; the circulation loop is provided with a liquid heat exchange medium, during polishing, the temperature of the rheologic polishing liquid in the polishing tank (1) rises and then transfers heat to the liquid heat exchange medium, and the circulation temperature adjusting device enables the liquid heat exchange medium in the circulation loop to circularly flow and exchange heat with an external heat exchange medium when flowing through the circulation temperature adjusting device so as to dissipate heat.
2. The method for rheologically polishing a spherical part with through-holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: an upper limiting step (301) matched with one end of the workpiece (5) is arranged on the upper limiting plate (3), and a lower limiting step (401) matched with the other end of the workpiece (5) is arranged on the lower limiting plate (4); under the clamping state, the upper limiting ladder (301) and the lower limiting ladder (401) are respectively matched with two ends of the workpiece (5) to limit the workpiece (5) in the radial direction.
3. The method for rheologically polishing a spherical part with through-holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: during polishing, the clamping shaft (2) is arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and polishing liquid submerges the workpiece (5) by 1-2 mm.
4. The method for rheologically polishing a spherical part with through-holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: during polishing, the upper end of the clamping shaft (2) is connected with a rotating shaft (7) arranged on a revolution plate (6), the revolution plate (6) is driven to rotate by a revolution plate driving motor (8) to enable the workpiece (5) to revolve in the polishing groove (1), and the rotating shaft (7) is driven to rotate by a rotating driving motor (9) to enable the workpiece (5) to rotate in the polishing groove (1).
5. The method for rheologically polishing a spherical part with through-holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface material of the workpiece (5) is bearing steel; in the mechanical rheological polishing solution, abrasive particles account for 10-20 wt%, a shear rheological dispersed phase accounts for 40-60 wt%, and the balance is water.
6. The method for rheologically polishing a spherical part with through-holes according to claim 1, characterized in that:
a group of A external drainage strips (1015) and a group of A internal drainage strips (1016) are correspondingly arranged in the A fluid cavity (1011) along the circumferential direction; the outer end of the A outer drainage strip (1015) is abutted against the outer side wall of the A fluid cavity (1011), and a gap is reserved between the inner end of the A outer drainage strip and the inner side wall of the A fluid cavity (1011); the inner end of the A inner drainage strip (1016) is abutted against the inner side wall of the A fluid cavity (1011), and a gap is reserved between the outer end of the A inner drainage strip and the outer side wall of the A fluid cavity (1011); the A outer drainage strips (1015) and the A inner drainage strips (1016) are alternately arranged to form an A snake-shaped flow channel;
a group of upper drainage strips (1025) and a group of lower drainage strips (1026) are correspondingly arranged in the fluid cavity (1021) along the circumferential direction; the upper end of the upper drainage strip (1025) is propped against the upper side wall of the fluid cavity (1021) and a gap is reserved between the lower end of the upper drainage strip (1025) and the lower side wall of the fluid cavity (1021); the lower end of the B lower drainage strip (1026) is abutted against the lower side wall of the B fluid cavity (1021), and a gap is reserved between the upper end of the B lower drainage strip and the upper side wall of the B fluid cavity (1021); the B upper drainage strips (1025) and the B lower drainage strips (1026) are alternately arranged to form a B snake-shaped flow passage.
7. The method for rheologically polishing a spherical part with through-holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the circulation temperature adjusting device comprises a pump (10) and a heat exchanger (11) connected with the pump (10).
8. The method for rheologically polishing a spherical part with through-holes according to claim 7, characterized in that: and a pipeline connected with the inlet of the circulating temperature adjusting device is provided with a temperature sensor (12), and the temperature sensor (12) is electrically connected with the pump (10) through a temperature feedback control element (13).
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| CN114434312A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-05-06 | 新昌浙江工业大学科学技术研究院 | Bearing outer race inner raceway force rheological polishing machine |
| CN114147620A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-08 | 新昌浙江工业大学科学技术研究院 | Brush auxiliary force rheological polishing device and polishing method for thin-wall annular part |
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| CN105234697A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-13 | 江苏神通阀门股份有限公司 | Ball part positioning machining tool and application method thereof |
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