CN112621000B - Welding method of closed impeller - Google Patents
Welding method of closed impeller Download PDFInfo
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- CN112621000B CN112621000B CN202011550748.0A CN202011550748A CN112621000B CN 112621000 B CN112621000 B CN 112621000B CN 202011550748 A CN202011550748 A CN 202011550748A CN 112621000 B CN112621000 B CN 112621000B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for processing a closed impeller, in particular to a method for welding the closed impeller, which comprises the following steps: processing a groove; backing welding, namely backing welding is carried out in a downhill port by adopting GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding), and at least two backing welding passes are welded; back chipping, namely back chipping the welding position through milling, and milling at least one layer of backing weld bead during back chipping; performing penetrant inspection; welding an upper groove; welding a lower groove; performing ray inspection; correcting; processing a positioning groove; assembling the blades; assembling a wheel cover plate assembly; loading into a welding tool; backing welding; filling and welding; cover surface welding; shaping; and (4) stress is eliminated. The welding method of the closed impeller provided by the invention effectively solves the problems of poor quality of welding seams and short service life caused by stress concentration in the welding process of the conventional closed impeller, and the product has the advantages of high welding quality, small stress, stable structure and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machining method of a closed impeller, in particular to a welding method of the closed impeller.
Background
Shrouded impellers are the most prominent rotor components of centrifugal compressors. The centrifugal compressor has low energy consumption, high stability, no pollution and convenient full-automatic control, and is widely applied to the industries of petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, food, waste heat recovery, environmental protection and the like. The compressor drives the impeller to rotate at high speed, the working speed reaches more than 3000rpm, the sucked gas is accelerated, the kinetic energy and the static pressure energy of the sucked gas are increased simultaneously, and the static pressure energy of the sucked gas is further increased in the subsequent diffuser and the exhaust shell so as to achieve the purpose of heating and pressurizing the compressed medium. The blades of the closed impeller are connected with the impeller back plate and the impeller cover plate, so that the compression efficiency is high, but the manufacturing difficulty is high. At present, the closed impeller mainly comprises the following components: the wheel hub is mainly used for being connected with a transmission shaft to provide power; 2, an air inlet used for leading in working media; the blades provide enough strength to bear the working centrifugal force, the pneumatic performance is ensured, the rotational inertia is reduced, and the working efficiency of the compressor is influenced by the design of the flow channel; 4 wheels of back plates for transmitting rotary power to drive the medium to rotate; the 5-wheel cover plate is generally thinner than the wheel back plate, and the sealing medium does work in a rotating mode, so that the efficiency is improved. The form of the main part is shown in the first process drawing.
When the closed impeller rotates, the closed impeller is subjected to huge tangential force and radial force under the action of centrifugal force, and the thermal stress, the vibration stress and the corrosion action of high-temperature steam. The related data shows that the stress at the joint of the wheel back plate of the impeller, the hub and the blades is large, and the local area reaches 200-300MPa. The local stress at the joint of the blade and the air inlet reaches 300-400MPa. The impeller is a rotor moving part and needs dynamic balance correction, so that the compressor is ensured to have higher efficiency and lower vibration noise. The closed impeller is complex in structure and mainly adopts a welding manufacturing method, but the problems of poor welding seam quality, large welding stress, unstable structure, large product vibration and short service life exist after the welding of the existing product is finished.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a welding method of a closed impeller, which has the advantages of high welding seam quality, small welding stress, stable structure, small product vibration and long service life, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a welding method of a closed impeller comprises the following steps:
s110, processing a groove, wherein an upper groove and a lower groove are processed at the butt joint welding position of the wheel back plate and the butt joint welding position of the wheel cover plate, the upper groove and the lower groove form an X-shaped groove, the upper groove is positioned on the outer side of the closed impeller, the lower groove is positioned on the inner side of the closed impeller, and the depth of the upper groove is 0.3-0.4 times the thickness of the plate;
s120, backing welding, namely backing welding is carried out in a downhill port by adopting GTAW, and at least two backing welding passes are welded;
s130, back chipping, namely, back chipping the welding position through milling, wherein at least one layer of backing weld bead is milled during back chipping;
s140, performing penetration inspection, wherein the rest backing weld bead has no crack;
s150, welding the upper groove by adopting GTAW, and performing backing welding, filling welding and cover surface welding during welding;
s160, welding the lower groove by adopting GTAW, and performing filling welding and/or cover surface welding during welding;
s170, performing radiographic inspection, and performing complete inspection on all welding beads, wherein the welding beads do not have the defects of overproof pores, cracks and incomplete penetration;
s180, correcting, namely correcting welding deformation of the welded independent wheel back plate assembly and the welded independent wheel cover plate assembly by using an oil pressure machine, and correcting a plane;
s190, processing positioning grooves, namely processing positioning grooves for positioning the blades on the wheel back plate assembly and the wheel cover plate assembly;
s200, assembling the blades, namely, arranging the blades which are machined and formed and have consistent weight into a positioning groove of the wheel back plate assembly, and then adopting GTAW low-current spot welding to ensure that welding spots are uniform and smooth;
s210, assembling a wheel cover plate assembly, inserting a positioning groove of the wheel cover plate assembly onto a blade, and performing GTAW low-current spot welding to ensure that welding spots are uniform and smooth;
s220, installing a welding tool, and installing the closed impeller into the welding tool for preventing welding deformation;
s230, backing welding, namely backing welding is carried out on two sides of the blade by adopting GTAW;
s240, filling and welding, namely filling and welding two sides of the blade by adopting GTAW;
s250, cover surface welding, namely adopting GTAW to weld the cover surfaces on the two sides of the blade;
s260, shaping;
and S270, eliminating stress, and eliminating stress by adopting vibration.
Further, the bevel angle of the upper bevel and the bevel angle of the lower bevel are both 70 ± 2.5 °.
Further, the width of a welding leg between the blade and the wheel cover plate and the wheel back plate is not less than the thickness of the blade or the wheel back plate.
Further, the depth of the positioning groove is not more than 0.5mm.
Furthermore, a welding wire with the diameter of 2mm is adopted during backing welding, the welding current is 130-160A, the welding speed is 13-16 cm/min, and the linear energy is 6-10 KJ/cm.
Furthermore, welding wires with the diameter of 2.4mm are adopted during filling welding and cover surface welding, the welding current is 140-160A, the welding speed is 15-20 cm/min, and the linear energy is 7-12 KJ/cm.
Further, during GTAW welding, the purity of the protective gas Ar is 99.99%, and the flow rate is 10-15L/min; before welding, removing water vapor and heating the mixture to 20-50 ℃ by flame.
Furthermore, the temperature between welding passes is less than or equal to 100 ℃ during GTAW welding.
Further, in the step S190 and the step S200, the deviation between the arc shape of the vane and the positioning arc line of the positioning slot is not greater than 0.5mm.
Further, the size deviation of welding angles of the two sides of the fillet welding between the blade and the wheel cover plate and the wheel back plate is not more than 2mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the welding method of the closed impeller provided by the invention effectively solves the problems of poor quality of welding seams and short service life caused by stress concentration in the welding process of the conventional closed impeller, and the product has the advantages of high welding quality, small stress, stable structure and long service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a shrouded impeller;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the beveling and welding of a wheel backing plate and a wheel cover plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a positioning groove for processing a vane;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the welding of the blades to the wheel back and wheel cover plate, respectively.
In the figure, 1, a hub; 2. an air inlet; 3. a blade; 4. a wheel back plate; 41. positioning a groove; 5. a wheel cover plate.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a welding method of a shrouded impeller includes the steps of:
s110, processing a groove, wherein an upper groove and a lower groove are processed at the butt joint welding position of the wheel back plate and the butt joint welding position of the wheel cover plate, the upper groove and the lower groove form an X-shaped groove, the upper groove is positioned on the outer side of the closed impeller, the lower groove is positioned on the inner side of the closed impeller, and the depth of the upper groove is 0.3-0.4 times of the plate thickness;
s120, backing welding, namely backing welding is carried out in a downhill slope by adopting GTAW, and at least two backing weld passes are welded;
s130, back chipping, namely, back chipping the welding position through milling, wherein at least one layer of backing weld bead is milled during back chipping;
s140, performing penetration inspection, wherein the rest backing weld bead has no crack;
s150, welding the upper groove by adopting GTAW, and performing backing welding, filling welding and cover surface welding during welding;
s160, welding the lower groove by adopting GTAW, and performing filling welding and/or cover surface welding during welding;
s170, performing radiographic inspection, and performing complete inspection on all welding beads, wherein the welding beads do not have the defects of overproof pores, cracks and incomplete penetration;
s180, correcting, namely correcting welding deformation of the welded independent wheel back plate assembly and the welded independent wheel cover plate assembly by using an oil pressure machine, and correcting a plane;
s190, processing positioning grooves, namely processing positioning grooves for positioning the blades on the wheel back plate assembly and the wheel cover plate assembly;
s200, assembling the blades, namely, arranging the blades which are machined and formed and have consistent weight into a positioning groove of the wheel back plate assembly, and then adopting GTAW low-current spot welding to ensure that welding spots are uniform and smooth;
s210, assembling a wheel cover plate assembly, inserting a positioning groove of the wheel cover plate assembly into the blade, and performing GTAW low-current spot welding to ensure that welding spots are uniform and smooth;
s220, installing the closed impeller into a welding tool for preventing welding deformation;
s230, backing welding, namely backing welding is carried out on two sides of the blade by adopting GTAW;
s240, filling and welding, namely filling and welding two sides of the blade by adopting GTAW;
s250, cover surface welding, namely adopting GTAW to weld the cover surfaces on the two sides of the blade;
s260, shaping;
and S270, stress is eliminated, and stress is eliminated by adopting vibration.
The bevel angle of the upper bevel and the bevel angle of the lower bevel are both 70 +/-2.5 degrees. The root gap is 1-2 mm.
The width of the welding leg between the blade and the wheel cover plate and the wheel back plate is not less than the thickness of the blade or the wheel back plate.
The depth of the positioning groove is not more than 0.5mm.
The backing welding adopts a welding wire with the diameter of 2mm, the welding current is 130-160A, the welding speed is 13-16 cm/min, and the linear energy is 6-10 KJ/cm.
The diameter of the welding wire is 2.4mm when filling welding and cover surface welding are carried out, the welding current is 140-160A, the welding speed is 15-20 cm/min, and the linear energy is 7-12 KJ/cm.
During GTAW welding, the purity of Ar protective gas is 99.99%, and the flow rate is 10-15L/min; before welding, removing water vapor and heating to 20-50 ℃ by flame.
And during GTAW welding, the temperature between welding passes is less than or equal to 100 ℃.
In the step S190 and the step S200, a deviation between the arc shape of the vane and the positioning arc line of the positioning groove is not greater than 0.5mm.
And the dimensional deviation of welding angles on two sides of the fillet welding between the blade and the wheel cover plate and the wheel back plate is not more than 2mm.
Welding is an uneven heating process, obvious welding deformation exists, welding internal stress influences microstructure and mechanical properties of a base material, a welding seam area has a coarse grain structure, and a fusion line area has grain boundary inclusions, brittle metal phases and structural unevenness. The T-shaped fillet weld of the blade, the wheel back plate and the wheel cover plate has important influences on the structural strength, the structural stability, the technological performance, the rotating dynamic balance performance and the corrosion resistance of the impeller due to fusion of the root of the fillet weld, the size of the fillet weld and the forming shape during welding. The defects of undercut, surface pores, polished sharp corners and the like of the welding line become origins of corrosive medium accumulation and stress concentration, and stress corrosion cracks are aggravated.
The impeller, the wheel cover plate and the wheel back plate are made of super duplex stainless steel material S32750, and duplex stainless steel is formed by mixing ferrite and austenite, has good plasticity and toughness, and integrates excellent corrosion resistance, high strength and easy manufacturing and processing performance. The high chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen in the duplex stainless steel make the duplex stainless steel have very good resistance to local corrosion of chloride, pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion; the acid and alkali corrosion resistance is greatly superior to that of the standard austenitic stainless steel. The tensile strength of the duplex stainless steel is improved by about 35 percent compared with that of 316 austenitic stainless steel, and the performance of the area of the closed impeller under the action of larger centrifugal force is ensured.
The welding of the closed impeller is carried out by adopting a manual argon arc welding GTAW welding method, small current and multi-layer and multi-pass welding are adopted, the cleaning of welding seams and the interlayer temperature are strictly controlled, and the strength and the corrosion resistance of welding seam metal are ensured. Cleaning before welding and between layers: the welding seams and the edges are polished by 10mm and cleaned, and the welding seams and the edges are cleaned by alcohol scrubbing without oxide skins, oil stains and dust. And cleaning and descaling each layer of welding seam. Multilayer multi-pass straight-in welding is adopted.
Part of backing weld is removed in the welding of the wheel back plate and the wheel cover plate, and backing weld passes of not less than two are adopted during the backing weld, so that the quality from the second to the backing weld passes can be improved. The backing weld may have defects such as air holes, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, cracks and the like, and the defects can be effectively avoided after the first backing weld and part of the second backing weld are removed, particularly the backing weld exceeding the root part of the groove is removed, and the backing weld with unstable welding quality is effectively removed. And after cleaning, carrying out penetrant flaw detection inspection, and welding the other side under the condition of ensuring no crack defect. Under the condition that the welding seam can be freely contracted, the welding residual tensile stress ratio is smaller, the plastic deformation capability of the base metal cannot be lost, and the strength of the product is guaranteed.
The butt welding seam is subjected to 100% radiographic inspection according to the national standard, and is inspected and accepted according to the standard, so that defects such as overproof air holes, cracks, incomplete penetration and the like do not exist, the quality of the welding seam of a product is ensured, and the stability and the service life of the closed impeller are improved.
As shown in fig. 2, when the wheel back plate and the wheel cover plate are welded, firstly welding a backing weld bead 1 and a backing weld bead 2, then back chipping, wherein the back chipping range is shown by dotted lines in the figure, the backing weld bead 1 is completely removed, part of a second backing weld bead 2 is removed, then the wheel back plate or the wheel cover plate is turned over, welding of a backing weld bead 3 is carried out from the outer side surface, then filling welding is carried out, a filling weld bead 4 is formed, then facing welding is carried out, a facing weld bead 5 is formed, the wheel back plate or the wheel cover plate is turned over, and welding of a facing weld bead 6 is carried out from the inner side surface.
As shown in fig. 4, the backing bead 1 and the backing bead 2 are first welded between the blade and the wheel back plate, then the backing bead 1 and the backing bead 2 are welded between the blade and the wheel cover plate, the filler bead 3 and the filler bead 4 are welded between the blade and the wheel back plate, then the filler bead 3 and the filler bead 4 are welded between the blade and the wheel cover plate, the cover bead 5 to 10 is welded between the blade and the wheel cover plate again, and finally the cover bead 5 to 10 is welded between the blade and the wheel back plate.
The welding of the blade adopts T-shaped fillet welding. The first layer of backing weld ensures even fusion, the final weld corner has the same thickness as the blade, and the blade can bear enough centrifugal acting force. The fillet weld is uniformly and continuously formed, the surface is smooth or concave in an arc shape, the upper side and the lower side of the weld corner are uniform in size, the size deviation of the forming bulge and the weld corners on the two sides is prevented from being larger than 2mm, and obvious undercut and poor forming are not allowed. Fillet welds at two ends of the outer circle of the blade at the air inlet and the air outlet need to be in smooth transition, the weld can be locally reinforced, the area is more easily eroded by media, and a welding crack source and corrosion are easily generated.
After the closed impeller is welded, mechanical straightening is carried out firstly, and part of welding residual stress is eliminated through vibration, so that the product is more stable. And then machining is carried out according to the drawing, the assembling size of the hub and the transmission shaft is ensured, and the thickness of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate is uniform, so that the subsequent dynamic balance of the rotor is facilitated.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive step, which shall fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A welding method of a closed impeller is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s110, processing a groove, wherein an upper groove and a lower groove are processed at the butt joint welding position of the wheel back plate and the butt joint welding position of the wheel cover plate, the upper groove and the lower groove form an X-shaped groove, the upper groove is positioned on the outer side of the closed impeller, the lower groove is positioned on the inner side of the closed impeller, and the depth of the upper groove is 0.3-0.4 times of the plate thickness;
s120, backing welding, namely backing welding is carried out in a downhill port by adopting GTAW, and at least two backing welding passes are welded;
s130, back chipping, namely, back chipping the welding position through milling, wherein at least one layer of backing weld bead is milled during back chipping;
s140, performing penetration inspection, wherein the rest backing weld bead has no crack;
s150, welding the upper groove by adopting GTAW, and performing backing welding, filling welding and cover surface welding during welding;
s160, welding the lower groove by adopting GTAW, and performing filling welding and/or cover surface welding during welding;
s170, performing radiographic inspection, and performing complete inspection on all welding beads, wherein the welding beads do not have the defects of overproof pores, cracks and incomplete penetration;
s180, correcting, namely correcting welding deformation of the welded independent wheel back plate assembly and the welded independent wheel cover plate assembly by using an oil pressure machine, and correcting a plane;
s190, processing positioning grooves, namely processing positioning grooves for positioning the blades on the wheel back plate assembly and the wheel cover plate assembly;
s200, assembling blades, namely, arranging the blades which are machined and formed and have consistent weight into a positioning groove of a wheel back plate assembly, and then adopting GTAW low-current spot welding to ensure that welding spots are uniform and smooth;
s210, assembling a wheel cover plate assembly, inserting a positioning groove of the wheel cover plate assembly onto a blade, and performing GTAW low-current spot welding to ensure that welding spots are uniform and smooth;
s220, installing the closed impeller into a welding tool for preventing welding deformation;
s230, backing welding, namely backing welding is carried out on two sides of the blade by adopting GTAW;
s240, filling and welding, namely filling and welding two sides of the blade by adopting GTAW;
s250, cover surface welding, namely adopting GTAW to weld the cover surfaces on the two sides of the blade;
s260, shaping;
s270, stress is eliminated, and vibration is adopted to eliminate the stress;
the impeller, the wheel cover plate and the wheel back plate are made of super duplex stainless steel S32750;
wherein, the welding of blade adopts T type fillet weld.
2. The welding method of a shrouded impeller according to claim 1,
the groove angle of the upper groove and the groove angle of the lower groove are both 70 +/-2.5 degrees.
3. The welding method of a shrouded impeller according to claim 1,
the width of the welding leg between the blade and the wheel cover plate and the wheel back plate is not less than the thickness of the blade or the wheel back plate.
4. The welding method of a shrouded impeller according to claim 1,
the depth of the positioning groove is not more than 0.5mm.
5. The welding method of a shrouded impeller according to claim 1,
the backing welding adopts a welding wire with the diameter of 2mm, the welding current is 130-160A, the welding speed is 13-16 cm/min, and the linear energy is 6-10 KJ/cm.
6. The welding method of a shrouded impeller according to claim 1,
the diameter of the welding wire is 2.4mm when filling welding and cover surface welding are carried out, the welding current is 140-160A, the welding speed is 15-20 cm/min, and the linear energy is 7-12 KJ/cm.
7. The welding method of a shrouded impeller according to claim 1,
during GTAW welding, the purity of Ar protective gas is 99.99%, and the flow rate is 10-15L/min; before welding, removing water vapor and heating the mixture to 20-50 ℃ by flame.
8. The welding method of a shrouded impeller according to claim 1,
and during GTAW welding, the temperature between welding passes is less than or equal to 100 ℃.
9. The welding method of a shrouded impeller according to claim 1,
in the step S190 and the step S200, the deviation between the arc shape of the blade and the positioning arc line of the positioning groove is not greater than 0.5mm.
10. The welding method of a shrouded impeller according to claim 1,
and the dimensional deviation of welding angles on two sides of the fillet welding between the blade and the wheel cover plate and the wheel back plate is not more than 2mm.
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| CN200946590Y (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2007-09-12 | 上海凯泉泵业（集团）有限公司 | Stainless steel stamping and welding impeller |
| US8253069B2 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2012-08-28 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Slideable welding power source housing assembly |
| CN102011749A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-04-13 | 江苏国泉泵业制造有限公司 | Round head punched blade non-clogging impeller |
| KR20130075604A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-05 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Piping connection partial welding method |
| CN202971303U (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-06-05 | 上海莲盛泵业制造有限公司 | Centrifugal pump impeller |
| CN109352142A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-02-19 | 广州增立钢管结构股份有限公司 | A kind of GMAW-Ar welding method of Q420B steel plate |
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