CN112620376A - Self-rotating forward extrusion forming die and method - Google Patents
Self-rotating forward extrusion forming die and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112620376A CN112620376A CN202011468072.0A CN202011468072A CN112620376A CN 112620376 A CN112620376 A CN 112620376A CN 202011468072 A CN202011468072 A CN 202011468072A CN 112620376 A CN112620376 A CN 112620376A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/14—Making other products
- B21C23/142—Making profiles
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-rotating forward-rotating extrusion forming die and a method, which comprise a first fixing assembly, a male die, a female die, an extrusion die, a thrust ball bearing, a second fixing assembly and a fixing sleeve, wherein the first fixing assembly comprises an upper die plate, an upper base plate and a fixing plate, the upper base plate and the upper die plate are positioned by a positioning pin and fixedly connected through an inner hexagonal bolt after the male die is placed at the center of the fixing plate, the extrusion die is placed below the female die and fixedly connected with the female die through a pin, the thrust ball bearing is fixedly assembled between the extrusion die and a lower base plate through a middle ring, and the middle ring is fixedly connected with the lower base plate. The self-rotation of the female die and the extrusion die is realized through the structural design of the die, and the driving of a motor is not needed; and the blank is subjected to severe torsional deformation in the rotary die, so that the forming load is reduced, the structure is refined, the performance is improved, and the high-performance section is prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material plastic forming, in particular to a self-rotating forward extrusion forming die and a method.
Background
Forward extrusion is a common technology for preparing sectional materials, and has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, simple equipment, flexible production and the like. However, during the forward extrusion process, relative movement occurs between the billet and the female die, and the frictional resistance is large (accounting for 30-40% of the total energy consumption), so that the extrusion force and the energy consumption are increased. The strong friction heating effect also limits the improvement of the extrusion speed of the low-melting-point and medium-melting-point alloys such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like, so that the head temperature of the extruded section is low, the tail end temperature is high, the metal flow is uneven, the central flow rate is higher than that of the edge, and the mechanical properties have anisotropy. In addition, the deformation of the forward extrusion technology is small (controlled by the extrusion ratio), the grain refining effect on the blank is limited, and the comprehensive mechanical properties of the extruded profile can not meet higher use requirements gradually.
At present, on the basis of forward extrusion, applying a rotational movement to the die or billet is an effective way to solve the above-mentioned problems. The method can effectively change the action direction of the frictional resistance between the blank and the die in the extrusion forming process, obviously reduce the forming load, simultaneously make the blank subject to torsional shear deformation, improve the deformation, effectively refine crystal grains and improve the performance of the section.
After searching the prior art, the prior art discloses a plurality of forming methods for applying rotary motion in positive extrusion, such as: the application number is 201510372069.1 Chinese invention patent application discloses a spiral step extrusion die and application (publication number: CN104985014A), which discloses a spiral step extrusion die, wherein a spiral step is arranged on the conical convex or concave surface of the die to realize the rotation in the extrusion process of a blank to prepare a section bar or a pipe; chinese patent application No. CN200810064386.7 discloses "metal extrusion molding method of a rotary die" (patent No. ZL200810064386.7), which discloses a metal extrusion molding method of a rotary die, wherein a die is rotated at a certain angular velocity to change the action of friction force between a blank and the die, thereby reducing the molding load.
In 2018, the master thesis of xi political dragon, "torsional extrusion process and die design research" designs and manufactures torsional extrusion dies, and drives the torsional dies to rotate through a motor, so that blank torsional extrusion forming is realized.
The forming method of the rotary extrusion of the blank, which is related in the patent documents and articles, can realize the torsional deformation of the blank in the extrusion forming process, but the process of arranging the spiral steps in the die increases the processing difficulty and precision of the die, the blank still moves relative to the female die, the plastic fluidity of the blank is poor, the die is easy to damage, and the extrusion forming load is high; the process of driving the die to rotate by the motor needs to design and transform a forming die and equipment, the equipment is complex, and the input cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the following defects in the prior art that a motor needs to be additionally arranged on equipment to realize the rotation of a die, the energy consumption is high in the processing process, and the deformation of a blank is poor, and provides a self-rotating forward extrusion forming die.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a self-rotating forward extrusion forming die comprises a first fixing component, a male die, a female die, an extrusion die, a thrust ball bearing, a second fixing component and a fixing sleeve;
the first fixing assembly comprises an upper template, an upper padding plate and a fixing plate, wherein after a male die is placed in the center of the fixing plate, the upper padding plate and the upper template are positioned through a positioning pin and fixedly connected through an inner hexagon bolt, the extrusion die is arranged below a female die and fixedly connected with the female die through a pin, a thrust ball bearing is fixedly assembled between the extrusion die and the lower padding plate through a middle ring, and the middle ring is fixedly connected with the lower padding plate;
the second fixing component comprises a lower base plate and a lower template, and the fixing sleeve is used for ensuring the relative positions of the extrusion die and the thrust ball bearing and is connected with the lower template through bolts and nuts.
Preferably, the male die is axially and sequentially processed into an extrusion part and a rotating part, and the rotating part is processed into a spiral shape.
Preferably, the inner surface part of the female die is processed with a spiral groove matched with the rotary part of the male die, and the rotary part of the male die is axially pressed into the spiral groove of the female die. The concave die can generate circumferential tangential component force and rotate.
Preferably, the thrust ball bearing is used for supporting the extrusion die and the female die so as to enable the extrusion die to be extruded.
Preferably, a group of balls are arranged between the upper end surface of the extrusion die and the fixed sleeve.
Preferably, the bottom of the lower template is provided with a counter bore corresponding to the T-shaped bolt, the fixing sleeve is provided with a corresponding through hole, and the fixing sleeve is fixed with the hexagon nut through the T-shaped bolt penetrating out of the lower template and the lower backing plate.
Preferably, the extrusion die is used to control the diameter of the shaped profile.
The invention discloses a using method of a self-rotating forward extrusion forming die, which comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting a blank by a sawing machine, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
s2: and (3) performing spin forward extrusion forming:
preparing before forming: after the die is assembled, the die is arranged on a press machine, the blank and a stub bar are heated to extrusion forming temperature and are kept warm, the press machine moves upwards to drive the male die to leave the inner cavity of the female die, a blowtorch is adopted to preheat the male die and the female die, and a lubricant is coated on the male die and the female die;
forming process: putting a blank into a female die, moving a press down, enabling the end part of a male die to be in contact with the blank, starting to axially extrude the blank, enabling a rotating part of the male die to be matched with a spiral groove of the female die to generate circumferential tangential component force on the female die, enabling the female die to drive an extrusion die and the blank to rotate, and enabling the blank to be rotationally extruded under the action of the male die; when the height of the blank is reduced to the excess height, the male die moves upwards, the feeding head is placed in the female die, the male die moves downwards to extrude the stub bar, and the stub bar completely extrudes the blank.
Preferably, the material and the diameter of the stub bar are the same as those of the billet, and the height of the stub bar is ensured to ensure that the billet can be completely extruded from the extrusion die.
Preferably, the stub bar can be replaced by the next blank, and the blank is made of magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention has the innovation that the female die and the extrusion die are rotated by matching the male die with the female die, so that the extrusion equipment is not required to be modified, and the equipment investment is reduced;
2. the female die and the extrusion die rotate, so that the action direction of friction force between the blank and the female die is changed, the energy consumption can be reduced, the forming load can be reduced, the blank is subjected to torsional shear deformation, the deformation is increased, the structure can be refined, and the comprehensive mechanical property can be improved;
3. by replacing the extrusion dies with different diameters, the profiles with different diameters can be prepared, and the process flexibility is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the working state of the mold according to the present invention when a blank is placed therein;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the working state of the die in the extrusion process according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a working state when the mold is placed into a stub bar according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a male die in the die of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a female die in the die of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a hexagon socket bolt 1, a positioning pin 2, an upper template 3, an upper backing plate 4, a fixing plate 5, a male die 6, a female die 7, a blank 8, a fixed sleeve 9, a ball 10, a pin 11, an extrusion die 12, a thrust ball bearing 13, a middle ring 14, a nut 15, a lower backing plate 16, a bolt 17T, a lower template 18 and a stub bar 19.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-5, a self-rotating forward extrusion forming die comprises a first fixing component, a male die 6, a female die 7, an extrusion die 12, a thrust ball bearing 13, a second fixing component and a fixing sleeve 9;
the first fixing assembly comprises an upper template 3, an upper padding plate 4 and a fixing plate 5, wherein after a male die 6 is placed at the center of the fixing plate 5, the upper padding plate 4 and the upper template 3 are positioned by a positioning pin 2 and fixedly connected through a hexagon socket head cap screw 1, an extrusion die 12 is arranged below a female die 7, the extrusion die 12 is fixedly connected with the female die 7 through a pin 11, a thrust ball bearing 13 is fixedly assembled between the extrusion die 12 and a lower padding plate 16 through a middle ring 14, and the middle ring 14 is fixedly connected with the lower padding plate 16;
the second fixing component comprises a lower cushion plate 16 and a lower template 18, the fixing sleeve 9 is used for ensuring the relative positions of the extrusion die 12 and the thrust ball bearing 13, and is connected with the lower template 18 through a bolt and a nut 15.
In the invention, after the assembly of the die is finished, the die is arranged on a press machine, a blank 8 and a stub bar 19 are heated to extrusion forming temperature and are kept warm, the press machine moves upwards to drive a male die 6 to leave an inner cavity of a female die 7, a blowtorch is adopted to preheat the male die 6 and the female die 7, a lubricant is coated on the male die 6 and the female die 7, then the blank 8 is placed into the female die 7, the press machine moves downwards, the end part of the male die 6 is contacted with the blank 8 to begin to axially extrude the blank 8, meanwhile, the rotating part of the male die 6 is matched with the spiral groove of the female die 7 to generate circumferential tangential component force on the female die 7, the female die 7; when the height of the blank 8 is reduced to the residual height, the male die 6 moves upwards, the stub bar 19 is placed into the female die 7, the male die 6 moves downwards to extrude the stub bar 19, and the stub bar 19 completely extrudes the blank 8; and the blank 8 is subjected to severe torsional deformation in the rotary die, so that the forming load is reduced, the structure is favorably refined, the performance is improved, and the high-performance section is prepared.
In the preferred technical scheme of the embodiment, the male die 6 is axially and sequentially processed into an extrusion part and a rotating part, and the rotating part is processed into a spiral shape.
In the preferred technical scheme in the embodiment, the inner surface part of the female die 7 is processed with a spiral groove matched with the rotating part of the male die 6, and the rotating part of the male die 6 is axially pressed into the spiral groove of the female die 7, so that circumferential tangential component force can be generated in the female die 7 to generate rotary motion.
In the preferred technical scheme of this embodiment, the thrust ball bearing 13 is used for supporting the extrusion die 12 and the female die 7, so that the friction force is smaller and the rotation is smoother when the extrusion die 12 and the female die 7 rotate.
In the preferred technical scheme of this embodiment, a set of balls 10 is placed between the upper end surface of the extrusion die 12 and the fixed sleeve 9, so that the sliding friction between the upper end surface of the extrusion die 12 and the fixed sleeve 9 originally becomes rolling friction, and the friction force is smaller during the rotation of the extrusion die 12 and the rotation is easier.
In the preferred technical scheme of this embodiment, the bottom of the lower template 18 is provided with a counter bore corresponding to the T-shaped bolt 17, the fixing sleeve 9 is provided with a corresponding through hole, the fixing sleeve 9 is fixed by the cooperation of the T-shaped bolt 17 penetrating out of the lower template 18 and the lower backing plate 16 and the hexagon nut 15, so that the lower template 18 and the lower backing plate 16 can be easily detached from the fixing sleeve 9, and the extrusion die 12 can be conveniently replaced.
In the preferred technical scheme of this embodiment, the extrusion die 12 is used for controlling the diameter of the formed profile, and the forming requirements of various profiles can be met by replacing the extrusion die 12 with different inner diameters and replacing the extrusion die 12 with different inner diameters.
The invention discloses a using method of a self-rotating forward extrusion forming die, which comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting the blank 8 by a sawing machine, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
s2: and (3) performing spin forward extrusion forming:
preparing before forming: after the die is assembled, the die is arranged on a press machine, the blank 8 and the stub bar 19 are heated to the extrusion forming temperature and are kept warm, the press machine moves upwards to drive the male die 6 to leave the inner cavity of the female die 7, a blowtorch is adopted to preheat the male die 6 and the female die 7, and a lubricant is coated on the male die 6 and the female die 7;
forming process: putting the blank 8 into the female die 7, moving the press down, enabling the end part of the male die 6 to be in contact with the blank 8, starting to axially extrude the blank 8, enabling the rotating part of the male die 6 to be matched with the spiral groove of the female die 7 to generate circumferential tangential component force on the female die 7, enabling the female die 7 to drive the extrusion die 12 and the blank 8 to rotate, and enabling the blank 8 to be rotationally extruded under the action of the male die 6; when the height of the blank 8 is reduced to the excess height, the male die 6 moves upwards, the stub bar 19 is placed into the female die 7, the male die 6 moves downwards to extrude the stub bar 19, and the stub bar 19 completely extrudes the blank 8.
In the preferred technical scheme in this embodiment, the stub bar 19 can be replaced by the next billet 8, and the billet 8 is made of magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy, so that the previous billet 8 is extruded from the extrusion die 12, and thus the effect of continuous extrusion is achieved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A self-rotating forward extrusion forming die is characterized in that: comprises a first fixing component, a male die (6), a female die (7), an extrusion die (12), a thrust ball bearing (13), a second fixing component and a fixing sleeve (9);
the first fixing assembly comprises an upper template (3), an upper padding plate (4) and a fixing plate (5), after a male die (6) is placed at the center of the fixing plate (5), the upper padding plate (4) and the upper template (3) are positioned through positioning pins (2) and fixedly connected through hexagon socket head bolts (1), an extrusion die (12) is placed below a female die (7), the extrusion die (12) is fixedly connected with the female die (7) through pins (11), a thrust ball bearing (13) is fixedly assembled between the extrusion die (12) and a lower padding plate (16) through a middle ring (14), and the middle ring (14) is fixedly connected with the lower padding plate (16);
the second fixing component comprises a lower base plate (16) and a lower template (18), the fixing sleeve (9) is used for ensuring the relative positions of the extrusion die (12) and the thrust ball bearing (13), and is connected with the lower template (18) through a bolt and a nut (15).
2. A self-rotating forward extrusion forming die according to claim 1, wherein the male die (6) is axially processed into an extrusion part and a rotating part in sequence, and the rotating part is processed into a spiral shape.
3. A self-rotating forward extrusion forming die according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface part of the female die (7) is provided with a spiral groove matched with the rotating part of the male die (6), and the rotating part of the male die (6) is axially pressed into the spiral groove of the female die (7).
4. A die for forward extrusion with spinning rotation according to claim 1, wherein the thrust ball bearing (13) is used for supporting the extrusion die (12) and the female die (7) to make the extrusion die (12).
5. A die for forward extrusion with spinning rotation according to claim 1, wherein a set of balls (10) is placed between the upper end surface of the extrusion die (12) and the fixed sleeve (9).
6. A self-rotating forward extrusion forming die according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the lower template (18) is provided with a countersunk hole corresponding to the T-shaped bolt (17), the fixing sleeve (9) is provided with a corresponding through hole, and the fixing sleeve (9) is fixed with the hexagon nut (15) through the T-shaped bolt (17) penetrating through the lower template (18) and the lower backing plate (16).
7. A die for forward extrusion with spinning rotation according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion die (12) is used to control the diameter of the shaped profile.
8. A method for using the spin-spin forward extrusion molding die according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting a blank (8) by a sawing machine, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
s2: and (3) performing spin forward extrusion forming:
preparing before forming: after the die is assembled, the die is arranged on a press machine, the blank (8) and the stub bar (19) are heated to the extrusion forming temperature and are kept warm, the press machine moves upwards to drive the male die (6) to leave the inner cavity of the female die (7), a blowtorch is adopted to preheat the male die (6) and the female die (7), and a lubricant is coated on the male die and the female die;
forming process: putting a blank (8) into a female die (7), moving a press down, enabling the end part of a male die (6) to be in contact with the blank (8), starting to axially extrude the blank (8), enabling a rotating part of the male die (6) to be matched with a spiral groove of the female die (7) to generate circumferential tangential component force on the female die (7), enabling the female die (7) to drive an extrusion die (12) and the blank (8) to generate rotary motion, and rotationally extruding the blank (8) under the action of the male die (6); when the height of the blank (8) is reduced to the excess height, the male die (6) moves upwards, the stub bar (19) is placed into the female die (7), the male die (6) moves downwards to extrude the stub bar (19), and the blank (8) is completely extruded by the stub bar (19).
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the material and diameter of the head (19) are the same as the billet (8), and the height of the head (19) is such that the billet (8) can be completely extruded from the extrusion die (12).
10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the stub bar (19) is replaced by the next billet (8), and the billet (8) is made of magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy.
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| CN114406076A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | Double blind hole fan shaft combined machining die and rotary near-net forming process |
| CN115069809A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-20 | 中北大学 | Forming die and method for ultrahigh-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy |
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| CN115069809B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-29 | 中北大学 | Forming method of ultrahigh-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy |
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