CN112614604B - Pulse extraction column organic phase ignition accident source item estimation method - Google Patents
Pulse extraction column organic phase ignition accident source item estimation method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009375 geological disposal Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/007—Recovery of isotopes from radioactive waste, e.g. fission products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for estimating an organic phase fire accident source item of a pulse extraction column, which comprises the following steps: (1) starting; (2) acquiring process parameters; (3) Estimating the mass of the solvent and the surface area of the combustion pool of the current leakage; (4) calculating the x type smoke mass generated by fuel combustion; (5) Calculating the residual mass of the xth flue gas after the flue gas is filtered by a filter and is settled by a pipeline; (6) Calculating the activity of the released xth smoke and the total release activity of all kinds of smoke after the smoke is filtered by a filter and is settled by a pipeline; (7) Estimating the residual oxygen content, and returning to the step (4) for re-estimation; (8) if the fuel is burnt out, the calculation is ended. According to the method, a reasonable estimation method is provided by analyzing the environmental characteristics and available state parameters of a pulse extraction column in a spent fuel post-treatment facility and based on the ignition rule of an organic phase (tributyl phosphate-kerosene mixed solution) of the pulse extraction column, and input conditions are provided for emergency response and emergency decision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear and radiation emergency, and particularly relates to a pulse extraction column organic phase fire accident source item estimation method.
Background
When nuclear fuel is used in a reactor, the consumption of fissile nuclides and the generation of fission products and heavy nuclides cause the change of fuel reactivity, and finally the reactor can not maintain criticality any more, so that the nuclear fuel needs to be replaced to a certain extent. The fuel discharged after irradiation by the reactor is also called spent fuel or irradiated fuel. Spent nuclear fuel must be handled properly because it contains a large amount of radionuclides and is therefore highly radioactive. The spent fuel treatment mainly comprises the processes of storage, transportation, post-treatment, deep geological disposal and the like.
Spent fuel reprocessing is an important link for realizing the recycling and proper disposal of nuclear fuel. The Purex process (Purex) is a chemical process for recovering uranium and plutonium from irradiated nuclear fuel by tributyl phosphate extraction, and is the most effective and successful post-treatment process nowadays. A solvent extraction system, a solvent purification system and an equipment room in a spent fuel post-treatment facility contain a large amount of organic solvents, and potential fire accident potential of organic phase solvents exists. In the uranium and plutonium co-decontamination system, the position with the highest radioactive activity concentration of fission products is a pulse extraction column, the quantity of radioactive nuclides released from a burning solvent is the largest when solvent leakage catches fire in the device, and the main burning substance is a mixed solution of tributyl phosphate and kerosene. In the nuclear emergency condition, the source item estimation needs to be carried out on the accident so as to provide input conditions for emergency response and emergency decision.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pulse extraction column organic phase ignition accident source item estimation method, which is a reasonable estimation method based on the ignition rule of a pulse extraction column organic phase (tributyl phosphate-kerosene mixed solution) by analyzing the environmental characteristics and available state parameters of the pulse extraction column in a spent fuel post-treatment facility and providing input conditions for emergency response and emergency decision.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: a method for estimating the source term of an organic phase fire accident of a pulse extraction column comprises the following steps:
(1) Judging whether the pulse extraction column has a fire accident or not, and starting calculation if the fire accident occurs;
(2) Acquiring process parameters;
(3) According to pulseExtraction column quality on-line monitoring device and sump liquid level alarm device data estimation current leaked solvent quality M f,0 And the surface area S of the combustion chamber pool ；
(4) Calculating the x-th smoke mass m generated by fuel combustion at the current time step x,a,t ；
(5) Calculating the residual mass m of the xth smoke after the xth smoke is filtered by the filter of the exhaust pipeline and subsides in the pipeline and the xth smoke at the current time step x,a,t,J ；
(6) Calculating the activity A of the released x type of smoke at the current time step after the smoke is filtered by a filter of the exhaust pipeline and is settled by the pipeline x,t And the total release activity A of all kinds of smoke at the current time step t ；
(7) Judging whether the fuel is burnt out or not, if not, calculating the mass of the residual available oxygen in the equipment room at the current time step
And initial available oxygen mass
Returning to the step (4) for recalculation;
(8) And if the fuel is burnt out, calculating the total activity A of the organic phase ignition release at all time steps, and finishing the calculation.
Further, one embodiment of the step (1) is to manually start the calculation.
Further, another embodiment in step (1) is to automatically start the calculation by detecting the occurrence of combustion in the pulsed extraction column through the drift behavior of the process monitoring instrument and the increase of the radioactivity of the aerosol in the equipment room.
Further, the process parameters in the step (2) include fixed process parameters, real-time process parameters and real-time monitoring parameters.
Further, the fixed process parameters comprise the height of the equipment room and the volume of the equipment room, the real-time process parameters comprise the volume fraction of tributyl phosphate and the initial mass of the organic solvent of the pulse extraction column in the current process flow, and the real-time monitoring parameters comprise the inlet air flow and the outlet air flow of the equipment room.
Further, the mass M of the solvent currently leaked in the step (3) f,0 And the surface area S of the combustion chamber pool The calculating method comprises the following steps:
M f,0 ＝M o -M l
wherein M is 0 Is the initial mass of the organic solvent of the pulsed extraction column of the current process flow, M 1 Is the current residual organic solvent mass of the pulse extraction column, rho f Is the density of the organic solvent, H pool Is the height of the combustion chamber.
Further, the specific steps of the step (4) include:
(41) Calculating the fuel mass loss rate m' t
Where t is the current time step, h c For combustion convection heat flux density, h f For combustion of radiant heat flux, h r Is the surface radiant heat flux density, h l For latent heat of vaporization of fuel, T t For the solution temperature at the current time step, c f (T t ) Is heat capacity of fuel, T b Is the boiling point of the fuel, T ∞ In order to be at an infinite space temperature,
is the mass ratio of nitrate solution;
(42) Calculating the fuel combustion mass m at the current time step t With the mass of oxygen consumed by combustion of the fuel
m t ＝m" t ·Δt·S pool
Wherein, Δ t is the current time step duration,
mass of oxygen consumed for combustion of a unit mass of fuel;
(43) Calculating the total quantity of heat Q generated by combustion t And the solution temperature T at the next time step t+1
Q t ＝am t h t
Wherein a is the heat release efficiency, h t As heat of combustion of fuel, M room All the equipment quality (including iron on the ground, wall surface and the like) of the equipment room, c s (T t ) The heat capacity of steel is adopted;
(44) Calculating mass fraction omega of fuel combustion at current time step t
Wherein M is f,t The initial remaining fuel mass for the current time step,
mass of oxygen consumed by fuel combustion if current time step
Greater than the current remaining available oxygen mass
The mass of oxygen consumed by the fuel burning at the current time step
Is equal to the currentMass of remaining available oxygen
Namely, it is
(45) Calculating the x-th smoke mass m generated at the current time step x,a,t ，
m x,a,t ＝M x,t ·ω t ·γ x
Wherein M is x,t For the remaining mass of the x-th radionuclide, gamma, at the current time step x The smoke generation rate for the x-th radionuclide.
Further, the specific steps of the step (5) include:
(51) Calculating the residual smoke mass of the smoke before the smoke passes through the jth filter
Wherein m is x,a,t,j-1 The mass of the residual smoke, zeta, after the xth smoke passes through the jth-1 filter x,j The deposition rate per unit path of the x type flue gas in the j section of the pipeline, l j Is the length of the pipe before the jth filter;
(52) Calculating the x-th smoke mass Deltam filtered by the jth filter x,a,t,j
Wherein,
the filtering efficiency of the jth filter on the xth type of smoke;
(53) Calculating the residual smoke mass m after passing through the jth filter x,a,t,j
Wherein, ω is x Is the mass fraction of the x-th radionuclide in the oxide fume;
(54) Calculating the remaining effective filter mass m for the jth filter p,t,j
Wherein m is p,t-1,j For the effective filtering quality remaining one time step before the jth filter,
all the filtered smoke mass for the jth filter;
if the filter has a remaining effective filter mass m p,t,j The mass of the filtered smoke is less than or equal to the mass of the filtered smoke, and the mass of the filtered smoke is set as the residual effective filtering mass m of the filter p,t,j And the filter is failed;
(55) After total J filter filtration and pipeline settlement, the residual mass of the x-th smoke at the current time step is m x,a,t,J 。
Further, the activity A released by the xth smoke in the current time step in the step (6) x,t And the total release activity A of all kinds of smoke at the current time step t The calculating method comprises the following steps:
A x,t ＝a x m x,a,t,J
wherein, a x The specific activity of the X-th radionuclide is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to X.
Further, the residual available oxygen in the equipment room at the current time step in the step (7)Quality of
And initial available oxygen mass
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
for organic solvents, the organic solvents cannot be combusted when the oxygen content in the air reaches eta, so the oxygen content of the exhausted air is supposed to be eta,
wherein,
for the quality of the residual available oxygen in the equipment room at the previous time step, V in Is the inlet air flow, ρ in Is the charge density, V room Is the equipment room air volume.
Further, the method for calculating the total activity a of the organic phase ignition release in the step (8) comprises the following steps:
wherein t is more than 0 and less than or equal to t t ,t t The total time for the organic phase to ignite and burn is shown.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method provides a reasonable estimation method by analyzing the environmental characteristics and available state parameters of a pulse extraction column in the spent fuel post-treatment facility and based on the ignition rule of an organic phase (tributyl phosphate-kerosene mixed solution) of the pulse extraction column, and provides input conditions for emergency response and emergency decision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for estimating the source of an organic phase fire accident in a pulsed extraction column according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for estimating the source of an organic phase fire accident in a pulsed extraction column according to the present invention, the method comprising the following steps:
(1) And judging whether the pulse extraction column has a fire accident or not, and starting calculation if the fire accident occurs.
In the starting module, no interface function is used, and the starting module is started by manual starting or by detecting that the pulse extraction column is burnt through the drifting behavior (pulse extraction column quality and sump liquid level alarm device) of a process monitoring instrument and the radioactive rising phenomenon of the aerosol in the equipment room.
(2) Obtaining process parameters
The acquired process parameters mainly comprise fixed process parameters, real-time process parameters and real-time monitoring parameters.
The fixed process parameters comprise the height of the equipment room, the volume of the equipment room and the like, the real-time process parameters comprise the volume fraction of tributyl phosphate, the initial mass of the organic solvent of the pulse extraction column in the current process flow and the like, and the real-time monitoring parameters comprise the inlet air flow, the outlet air flow and the like of the equipment room.
(3) Estimating the mass M of the solvent leaked at present according to the data of the pulse extraction column quality on-line monitoring device and the water sump liquid level alarm device f,0 (i.e., initial mass of fuel) and combustion bowl surface area S pool The calculation method comprises the following steps:
M f,0 ＝M o -M l
wherein,
M 0 the unit is Kg which is the initial mass of the organic solvent of the pulse extraction column in the current process flow;
M 1 the unit is Kg, which is the mass of the current residual organic solvent of the pulse extraction column;
ρ f is the density of the organic solvent and has the unit of Kg/m 3 ；
H pool Is the height of the combustion chamber in m.
(4) Calculating the x-th smoke mass m generated by fuel combustion at the current time step x,a,t The method comprises the following specific steps:
(41) Firstly, a heat balance formula and a combustion rate empirical formula are combined, the influence of the nitric acid solution on the combustion rate is approximately considered, and the fuel mass loss rate m is calculated " t The calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein,
t is the current time step and is dimensionless;
h c for combustion convective heat flow density, in Kw/m 2 ；
h f The density of heat flow of combustion radiation is given in Kw/m 2 ；
h r Is the surface radiant heat flux density in Kw/m 2 ；
h l The unit is Kj/Kg for the latent heat of fuel evaporation;
T t the solution temperature at the current time step is shown in unit;
c f (T t ) The heat capacity of the fuel is Kj/(Kg. DEG C);
T b is the fuel boiling point, in units of ℃;
T ∞ is an infinite space temperature in units of;
(42) The fuel combustion quality m at the current time step can then be obtained t With the mass of oxygen consumed by combustion of the fuel
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
m t ＝m t "·Δt·S pool
wherein,
delta t is the duration of the current time step, and the unit is s;
(43) The total heat quantity Q generated by combustion t And the solution temperature T at the next time step t+1 Comprises the following steps:
Q t ＝am t h t
wherein,
a is the heat release efficiency, and is dimensionless;
h t the unit is Kj/Kg as the combustion heat of the fuel;
M room the unit is Kg, which is the mass (including iron on the ground, wall and the like) of all equipment in the equipment room;
c s (T t ) The heat capacity of the steel is expressed in Kj/(Kg. DEG C))；
(44) The mass fraction omega of the fuel combustion at the current time step can be obtained t Comprises the following steps:
wherein M is f,t The initial residual fuel mass in Kg at the current time step;
mass of oxygen consumed by fuel combustion if current time step
Greater than the current remaining available oxygen mass
The mass of oxygen consumed by the fuel burning at the current time step
Equal to the current remaining available oxygen mass
Namely, it is
(45) Calculating the x-th smoke mass m generated at the current time step x,a,t
The smoke generated by X radioactive substances and the smoke generated by an organic solvent are shared, wherein the X +1 term is the smoke generated by solvent combustion, the smoke has no radioactivity, and the mass m of the X smoke generated by the current time step x,a,t Comprises the following steps:
m x,a,t ＝M x,t ·ω t ·γ x
wherein,
M x,t the residual mass of the x-th radionuclide in the current time step is Kg;
γ x the smoke generation rate of the x-th radionuclide is dimensionless.
(5) Calculating the residual mass m of the x-th smoke filtered by the filter of the exhaust pipeline and settled by the pipeline at the current time step x,a,t,J
Since a large amount of flue gas generated by combustion is discharged from the exhaust duct, the duct has a filter, and a part of the flue gas is deposited on the filter, it is necessary to estimate the deposition in the duct and the filter. In addition, the flue gas may cause clogging of the filter, and therefore an evaluation of the filter is also required. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(51) Firstly, the residual smoke mass of the smoke before the smoke passes through the jth filter is calculated
Wherein,
m x,a,t,j-1 the unit is Kg, which is the mass of the smoke left after the xth smoke passes through the jth-1 filter;
ζ x,j the deposition rate of the xth section of pipeline per unit path of the xth flue gas is m -1 ；
l j Is the length of the pipeline before the jth filter, and is expressed in m;
(52) Calculating the mass delta m of the xth type smoke filtered by the jth filter x,a,t,j
Wherein,
the filter efficiency of the jth filter to the xth type of smoke is dimensionless;
(53) Calculating the residual smoke mass m after passing through the jth filter x,a,t,j
Wherein, ω is x Is the mass fraction of the x-th radionuclide in the oxide smoke, and is dimensionless;
(54) Calculating the effective filter mass m remaining for the jth filter p,t,j
Wherein m is p,t-1,j Is the remaining effective filtration mass in Kg for the previous time step of the jth filter;
the unit is Kg for all the smoke filtered by the jth filter;
if the remaining effective filter mass m of the filter p,t,j Setting the mass of the filtered smoke as the residual effective filtering mass m of the filter when the mass of the filtered smoke is less than or equal to the mass of the filtered smoke p,t,j And the filter fails.
After filtering by J filters and pipeline sedimentation, the residual mass of the x-th smoke at the current time step is m x,a,t,J 。
(6) Calculating the activity A of the released x type of smoke at the current time step after the smoke is filtered by a filter of the exhaust pipeline and is settled by the pipeline x,t And the total release activity A of all kinds of smoke at the current time step t The calculation method comprises the following steps:
A x,t ＝a x m x,a,t,J
wherein X is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to X, a x The radioactivity of the x type radionuclide is expressed in Bq/Kg;
(7) Judging whether the fuel is burnt out, if not, calculating the current time step equipment roomMass of available oxygen remaining in the reactor
And initial available oxygen mass
And (5) returning to the step (4) for recalculation.
For organic solvents, the organic solvent cannot be combusted when the oxygen content in the air reaches eta, so that the mass of the residual available oxygen in the equipment room at the current time step is the mass of the residual available oxygen in the equipment room at the current time step on the assumption that the oxygen content of the exhausted air is eta
And initial available oxygen mass
Comprises the following steps:
wherein,
V in is the intake air flow rate, and has the unit of m 3 /s；
ρ in The unit is Kg/m for the intake air density 3 ；
V room Is the air volume of the equipment room, and has a unit of m 3 。
(8) And if the fuel is burnt out, calculating the total activity A released by the ignition of the organic phase, and outputting a calculation result.
Total activity A of each radionuclide released by organic phase ignition x Comprises the following steps:
the total activity a of the organic phase on fire release was:
wherein X is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to X, t is more than 0 and less than or equal to t t ，t t The total time of the organic phase ignition combustion is expressed in s.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the apparatus and method of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described in the detailed description, and the detailed description is for the purpose of explanation and not limitation of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which are also included in the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for estimating the source term of an organic phase fire accident of a pulse extraction column is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Judging whether the pulse extraction column has a fire accident or not, and starting calculation if the fire accident occurs;
(2) Acquiring process parameters;
(3) Estimating the mass M of the solvent leaked at present according to the data of the pulse extraction column quality on-line monitoring device and the water sump liquid level alarm device f,0 And the surface area S of the combustion chamber pool ；
(4) Calculating the mass m of the x-th smoke generated by fuel combustion at the current time step x,a,t The method comprises the following specific steps:
(41) Calculating the fuel mass loss rate m' t
Wherein t is the current time step, h c To be burnedConvective heat flux density, h f For combustion of radiant heat flux density, h r Is the surface radiant heat flux density, h l For latent heat of vaporization of fuel, T t For the solution temperature at the current time step, c f (T t ) Is the heat capacity of the fuel, T b Is the boiling point of the fuel, T ∞ In order to achieve an infinite space temperature,
is the mass ratio of nitrate solution;
(42) Calculating the fuel combustion mass m at the current time step t With the mass of oxygen consumed by combustion of the fuel
m t ＝m″ t ·Δt·S pool
Wherein, Δ t is the current time step duration,
mass of oxygen consumed for combustion of a unit mass of fuel;
(43) Calculating the total quantity of heat Q generated by combustion t And the solution temperature T of the next time step t+1
Q t ＝am t h t
Wherein a is the heat release efficiency, h t As heat of combustion of fuel, M room For all equipment masses of the equipment room, c s (T t ) Is the heat capacity of steel, M f,t An initial remaining fuel mass for the current time step;
(44) Calculating the current time step fuelMass fraction of combustion omega t
Mass of oxygen consumed by fuel combustion if current time step
Greater than the current remaining available oxygen mass
The mass of oxygen consumed by the fuel burning at the current time step
Equal to the current remaining available oxygen mass
Namely, it is
(45) Calculating the x-th smoke mass m generated at the current time step x,a,t ，
m x,a,t ＝M x,t ·ω t ·γ x
Wherein M is x,t For the remaining mass of the x-th radionuclide, gamma, at the current time step x Smoke generation rate for the xth radionuclide;
(5) Calculating the residual mass m of the x-th smoke at the current time step after the x-th smoke is filtered by a filter of the exhaust pipeline and is settled by the pipeline x,a,t,J The method comprises the following specific steps:
(51) Calculating the residual smoke mass of the smoke before the smoke passes through the jth filter
Wherein m is x,a,t,j-1 The mass of the residual smoke, zeta, after the xth smoke passes through the jth-1 filter x,j The deposition rate per unit path of the x type flue gas in the j section of the pipeline, l j Is the length of the pipe before the jth filter;
(52) Calculating the x-th smoke mass Deltam filtered by the jth filter x,a,t,j
Wherein,
the filtering efficiency of the jth filter on the xth type of smoke;
(53) Calculating the residual smoke mass m after passing through the jth filter x,a,t,j
Wherein, ω is x Is the mass fraction of the x-th radionuclide in the oxide fume;
(54) Calculating the effective filter mass m remaining for the jth filter p,t,j
Wherein m is p,t-1,j To provide the effective filtering quality remaining for the time step preceding the jth filter,
for the jth filterThe filtered smoke quality is generated by X radionuclides;
if the filter has a remaining effective filter mass m p,t,j Setting the mass of the filtered smoke as the residual effective filtering mass m of the filter when the mass of the filtered smoke is less than or equal to the mass of the filtered smoke p,t,j And the filter is failed;
(55) After filtering by J filters and pipeline sedimentation, the residual mass of the x-th smoke at the current time step is m x,a,t,J ；
(6) According to the residual mass m of the x-th smoke at the current time step x,a,t,J Calculating the activity A of the x-th smoke released at the current time step x,t And the total release activity A of all kinds of smoke at the current time step t ；
(7) Judging whether the fuel is burnt out or not, if not, calculating the mass of the residual available oxygen in the equipment room at the current time step
And initial available oxygen mass
Returning to the step (4) to recalculate,
and
the calculating method comprises the following steps:
for organic solvents, when the oxygen content in the air reaches eta, the organic solvents cannot be combusted, and the oxygen content of the discharged air is eta,
wherein,
for the remaining available oxygen mass, V, in the equipment room at the previous time step in Is the inlet air flow, ρ in Is the intake density, V room Is the equipment room air volume;
(8) And if the fuel is burnt out, calculating the total activity A of the organic phase ignition release at all time steps, and finishing the calculation.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the start-up modes in step (1) include a manual start-up mode and an automatic start-up mode in which the start-up mode is automatically started up when the combustion of the pulsed extraction column is detected by drift behavior of a process monitoring instrument and a rise in activity of an aerosol in an equipment room.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process parameters in step (2) include fixed process parameters, real-time process parameters and real-time monitoring parameters.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fixed process parameters include height of the equipment room and volume of the equipment room, the real-time process parameters include volume fraction of tributyl phosphate in the pulsed extraction column and initial mass of organic solvent in the pulsed extraction column in the current process flow, and the real-time monitoring parameters include inlet air flow and outlet air flow of the equipment room.
5. The method for estimating the source term of organic phase fire accident of pulse extraction column as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass M of solvent currently leaked in step (3) f,0 And the surface area S of the combustion chamber pool The calculating method comprises the following steps:
M f,0 ＝M o -M l
wherein M is 0 Is the initial mass of the organic solvent of the pulsed extraction column of the current process flow, M 1 Is the current residual organic solvent mass of the pulse extraction column, rho f Density of organic solvent, H pool Is the height of the combustion pool.
6. The method for estimating the source of the organic phase fire accident of the pulse extraction column according to claim 1, wherein the activity A of the released activity of the xth smoke in the current time step in the step (6) x,t And the total release activity A of all kinds of smoke at the current time step t The calculation method comprises the following steps:
A x,t ＝a x m x,a,t,J
wherein, a x The specific activity of the X-th radionuclide is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to X.
7. The method for estimating the source term of an organic phase fire accident of a pulse extraction column according to claim 1, wherein the total activity A of the organic phase fire release in all time steps in the step (8) is calculated by:
wherein t is more than 0 and less than or equal to t t ,t t The total time for the organic phase to ignite and burn is shown.
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