CN112608131A - Sludge fly ash ceramsite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sludge fly ash ceramsite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 34
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 4
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001052560 Thallis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
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- C04B33/1328—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues without additional clay
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses sludge fly ash ceramsite and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ceramsite comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45 to 75 percent of sludge, 20 to 50 percent of fly ash, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of starch, 2 to 4 percent of calcium carbonate and 0.5 to 1.5 percent of sodium humate. The preparation method of the ceramsite comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, weighing, uniformly mixing, granulation, drying, screening, preheating, high-temperature roasting and cooling to obtain the finished ceramsite. The invention realizes the large-scale, harmless and resource utilization of the sludge, solves the defect that the sludge treatment easily causes secondary pollution to the environment, realizes the resource utilization of various solid wastes by blending the solid waste fly ash, improves the utilization rate and the added value of the solid wastes, changes the sludge and the fly ash into valuable things, greatly reduces the treatment cost special for the solid wastes, is beneficial to environmental protection and has good social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to sludge fly ash ceramsite and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Sludge is a product left after sewage treatment, and is a complex heterogeneous body consisting of organic residues, bacteria, thalli, inorganic particles, colloids and the like. The organic matter, pathogen, heavy metal and the like which are difficult to degrade are rich in the organic matter, pathogen, heavy metal and the like, and if the organic matter, the pathogen, the heavy metal and the like are not treated or are not properly treated, the organic matter, the pathogen, the heavy metal and the like can threaten the environment greatly. At present, the main sludge disposal methods comprise land utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration treatment, water body consumption and the like. However, these disposal methods are likely to cause secondary pollution to the environment, and have low treatment efficiency and high cost. With the increasing importance of sludge, the sludge recycling technology is considered as a fundamental way of sludge disposal.
The fly ash is one of three wastes in industry as an industrial solid waste remained after coal combustion. With the rapid development of the power industry, the emission amount of fly ash is increased sharply. On the one hand, the large amount of discharged fly ash not only occupies land resources and causes waste of the land resources, but also can cause pollution to soil, water and atmosphere and harm to the natural environment and human health. On the other hand, the utilization mode of the fly ash is mainly used as an admixture of concrete at present, the utilization amount is limited, and the additional value is low. Therefore, the comprehensive research on the fly ash can reasonably utilize the discharged fly ash as resources, and the comprehensive research has obvious research value on protecting resources, protecting the environment and improving the utilization amount and additional value of the fly ash.
The ceramsite is a light coarse aggregate with a ceramic or enamel shell, has the characteristics of low density, large specific surface area, high porosity, high cylinder pressure strength, developed microporous structure, good heat-insulating property and the like, is widely applied to the fields of building materials, gardening, chemical engineering, water treatment and the like, and has large market demand. At present, clay or shale and other non-renewable natural resources are mainly used as raw materials in the traditional ceramsite in China, on one hand, minerals such as the clay and the shale cannot be used in large quantities for a long time due to the restriction of self resource attributes and the limitation of a national cultivated land protection system, and on the other hand, the traditional ceramsite is influenced by the prices of the minerals such as the clay and the shale, so that the production cost is too high, and the yield of the traditional ceramsite is limited. With the promulgation of the environmental protection tax Law of the people's republic of China, the environmental protection is increasing, the solid waste treatment becomes a problem to be solved urgently, and the resource utilization of the solid waste is more and more emphasized.
Chinese patent (application No. 201910163375.2) discloses a method for preparing ceramsite filter material by using 50-70% of sludge, 10-30% of adhesive, 5-15% of foaming agent and 5-20% of additive as raw materials and through weighing, stirring, granulating, drying and roasting, wherein the cylinder pressure strength is 3.33-7.08MPa, and the specific surface area is 4.54-6.82 x 104cm2(ii) in terms of/g. Chinese patent (application No. 201510985517.5) discloses a method for preparing ceramsite filter material by using clay, water supply sludge and sewage sludge as raw materials and carrying out air drying, grinding, granulating and roasting, wherein the porosity of the ceramsite filter material is 42.3-53.21%, and the specific surface area is 0.55-0.74 multiplied by 104cm2(ii) in terms of/g. Chinese patent (application No. 200810230795.X) discloses a method for preparing a ceramsite filter material by using 50-70% of waste glass, 25-45% of sludge and 3-10% of additive as raw materials and through crushing, mixing, granulating, roasting and cooling, wherein the cylinder pressure strength is 5.2MPa, and the hydrochloric acid solubility is 9.5%.
According to the standard of "ceramsite filter material QB/T4383-2012", the method has specific detection indexes for the relevant performance of the ceramsite filter material.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the standard of the haydite filter material QB/T4383-2012 requires that the cylinder pressure strength of the haydite filter material is more than or equal to 8MPa, but the cylinder pressure strength of the haydite filter material prepared by the prior art cannot meet the minimum requirement in the standard, or the specific surface area of the haydite filter material after the cylinder pressure strength meets the standard cannot meet the standard and is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 104cm2The minimum requirement of/g, or the hydrochloric acid dissolvability does not meet the requirement of less than or equal to 2 percent in the standard.
(2) Some patents adopt clay as a raw material to prepare a ceramsite filter material, and do not accord with the national sustainable development strategy.
(3) The usage amount of solid waste in the raw materials used in some patents is only 50-70%, the utilization rate of the solid waste is not high, and in addition, the proportion of the added adhesive, the foaming agent and the additive is high, so that the raw material cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides sludge fly ash ceramsite and a preparation method thereof. The method realizes the large-scale, harmless and resource utilization of the sludge, overcomes the defect that the sludge treatment easily causes secondary pollution to the environment, realizes the resource utilization of various solid wastes by doping the solid waste fly ash, improves the utilization rate and the added value of the solid wastes, changes the sludge and the fly ash into valuable, greatly reduces the treatment cost special for the solid wastes, is favorable for environmental protection, and has good social and economic benefits.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.
The sludge fly ash ceramsite is prepared by mixing, granulating and roasting sludge, fly ash and an additive which are used as raw materials; the additive is a mixture of starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate.
The raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45 to 75 percent of sludge, 20 to 50 percent of fly ash, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of starch, 2 to 4 percent of calcium carbonate and 0.5 to 1.5 percent of sodium humate.
The sludge is taken from a sludge dewatering workshop of a sewage treatment plant, and the water content is 60%; the sludge comprises the following components: 35-45 wt% of silicon oxide, 18-24 wt% of aluminum oxide, 10-16 wt% of iron oxide, 5-8 wt% of calcium oxide, 3-6 wt% of magnesium oxide, 2-4 wt% of potassium oxide and 1-3 wt% of sodium oxide;
the coal ash is taken from a coal gasification device and comprises the following components: 33.9-59.7 wt% of silicon oxide, 16.5-35.4 wt% of aluminum oxide, 1.5-19.7 wt% of iron oxide, 0.8-10.4 wt% of calcium oxide, 0.7-1.9 wt% of magnesium oxide, 0.6-2.9 wt% of potassium oxide and 0.2-1.1 wt% of sodium oxide.
The cylinder pressure strength of the ceramsite is 8.7-14.6MPa, the sum of the breakage rate and the wear rate is 0.64-2.17%,the mud content is 0.23-0.62%, the hydrochloric acid solubility is 0.21-1.12%, the void ratio is more than or equal to 40%, and the specific surface area is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 104cm2/g。
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.
The preparation method of the sludge fly ash ceramsite comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment: respectively drying sludge and fly ash with the water content of 60% to constant weight, grinding, and sieving by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain sludge and fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing and uniformly mixing: respectively weighing the sludge, the fly ash and the additive in the step S1 according to a certain proportion, putting the mixture into a ball mill, and stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed for 60-120min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein the additive is a mixture of starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate.
S3, granulating: putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, drying: putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying to obtain dried raw material balls;
s5, screening: screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4, and selecting raw material balls with the particle size of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating: preheating the raw material balls sieved in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at the preheating temperature of 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ for 10-30min to obtain preheated raw material balls;
s7, roasting: placing the preheated pellets in the step S6 into a muffle furnace for roasting at the temperature of 900-1200 ℃ for 5-25min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, cooling: and (5) naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step (S7) in a muffle furnace to obtain the finished ceramsite.
In step S2, the mass percentages of the mixed raw materials are 45-75% of sludge, 20-50% of fly ash, 0.5-1.5% of starch, 2-4% of calcium carbonate and 0.5-1.5% of sodium humate.
And S4, drying the wet pellets in the S3 in an oven to obtain dried pellets, wherein the drying temperature is 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, and the drying time is 60-120 min.
In step S5, the pellets with the particle size of less than 5-15mm obtained in step S4 are re-pulverized and granulated.
And S8, naturally cooling the ceramsite obtained in the step S7 in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the main raw materials for preparing the ceramsite belong to solid waste resources, the source is wide, the resource utilization of various solid wastes is realized, the resource utilization rate of the solid wastes is improved, the sludge and the fly ash are turned into wealth, the special treatment cost for the solid wastes is greatly reduced, the environment protection is facilitated, the effective resource utilization of the sludge and the fly ash is realized, and the ceramsite has good economic benefit and social benefit.
(2) The invention uses the sludge and the fly ash as main raw materials to replace clay, shale and other minerals to prepare the ceramsite, thereby saving mineral resources.
(3) The preparation method of the ceramsite adopts the sludge and the fly ash as main raw materials, is assisted by the additive, optimizes the raw material proportion and the operation parameters, ensures that the internal structure of the ceramsite is more stable, and further improves various performances of the ceramsite, thereby ensuring that the ceramsite has light weight and good barrel pressure strength, void ratio and specific surface area.
(4) The preparation method of the ceramsite adopts the sludge and the fly ash as main raw materials and is supplemented with the additive, and as the main raw materials of the ceramsite are solid wastes and the used additive is low in cost, compared with other similar products, the ceramsite has a certain cost advantage and simultaneously all performances of the ceramsite reach the related standards of the similar products.
(5) The preparation process is simple, and the heat generated in the ceramsite cooling process can also be used in the drying process of the sludge and the ceramsite, so that the energy consumption is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the sludge fly ash ceramsite.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The sludge fly ash ceramsite is prepared by mixing, granulating and roasting sludge, fly ash and an additive serving as raw materials, wherein the additive is a mixture of starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate. The raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45 to 75 percent of sludge, 20 to 50 percent of fly ash, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of starch, 2 to 4 percent of calcium carbonate and 0.5 to 1.5 percent of sodium humate. The addition of the additive not only is beneficial to granulation and molding and improves the strength of the ceramsite, but also can form volatile gas in the roasting process and promote the formation of a porous structure in the product.
In the scheme of the invention, the sludge fly ash ceramsite is prepared by taking sludge and fly ash as main raw materials, wherein the sludge is taken from a sludge dewatering workshop of a sewage treatment plant and has the water content of 60 percent; the sludge comprises the following components: 35-45 wt% of silicon oxide, 18-24 wt% of aluminum oxide, 10-16 wt% of iron oxide, 5-8 wt% of calcium oxide, 3-6 wt% of magnesium oxide, 2-4 wt% of potassium oxide and 1-3 wt% of sodium oxide.
The coal ash is taken from a coal gasification device, has higher silicon-aluminum content and huge yield, and can generate better synergistic effect with sludge in the roasting process. The preparation mainly comprises the following components: 33.9-59.7 wt% of silicon oxide, 16.5-35.4 wt% of aluminum oxide, 1.5-19.7 wt% of iron oxide, 0.8-10.4 wt% of calcium oxide, 0.7-1.9 wt% of magnesium oxide, 0.6-2.9 wt% of potassium oxide and 0.2-1.1 wt% of sodium oxide.
According to the firing mechanism of the ceramsite, the sludge contains elements such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide and the like, so that the ceramsite has the ceramic forming condition, but the sludge has high silicon oxide content and low aluminum oxide content, and the ceramsite directly roasted at high temperature has low mechanical strength and is easy to damage. The fly ash has higher silicon-aluminum content than the sludge, can make up the defect of low content of sludge aluminum oxide in the roasting process, is beneficial to ceramic formation and improves the strength of ceramic particles; therefore, the fly ash can generate a synergistic effect with the sludge to improve the possibility of ceramic formation, and the fly ash is supplemented with an additional auxiliary agent to improve the gas yield in the roasting process so as to form a large amount of microporous structures on the surface and inside of the ceramic particles; the sludge and the fly ash are industrial wastes, the sludge and the fly ash are used as main raw materials, and the sludge fly ash ceramsite with excellent performance and high strength is prepared by mixing the sludge and the fly ash with additives, so that the sludge fly ash ceramsite not only accords with the concepts of 'synchronous treatment of multiple wastes' and 'treatment of cost by wastes', but also expands the utilization path of solid wastes while consuming a large amount of solid wastes.
When the sludge, the fly ash and the additive are sintered into the ceramsite according to the mass fraction, the cylinder pressure strength is 8.7-14.6MPa, the sum of the breakage rate and the wear rate is 0.64-2.17%, the sludge content is 0.23-0.62%, the hydrochloric acid solubility is 0.21-1.12%, the void ratio is more than or equal to 40%, and the specific surface area is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 104cm2(ii) in terms of/g. The ceramsite disclosed by the invention has the advantages of light weight, high cylinder pressure strength, high void ratio, large specific surface area and the like, is excellent in performance, and can meet the requirement standard of the ceramsite used in the field of water treatment.
The preparation method of the sludge fly ash ceramsite comprises the steps of pretreating raw materials, weighing, uniformly mixing, granulating, drying, screening, preheating, roasting at high temperature and cooling to obtain the ceramsite. As shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation process is as follows:
s1, raw material pretreatment: respectively drying sludge and fly ash with the water content of 60% to constant weight, grinding, and sieving by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain sludge and fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing and uniformly mixing: respectively weighing the sludge, the fly ash and the additive in the step S1 according to a certain proportion, putting the mixture into a ball mill, and stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed for 60-120min to obtain a mixed raw material; the additive is a mixture of starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate, and the mass percentage of the raw materials is as follows: 45 to 75 percent of sludge, 20 to 50 percent of fly ash, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of starch, 2 to 4 percent of calcium carbonate and 0.5 to 1.5 percent of sodium humate.
S3, granulating: putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, drying: drying the raw material balls in the step S3 in an oven to obtain dried raw material balls, wherein the drying temperature is 100-;
s5, screening: screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4, selecting raw material balls with the particle size of 5-15mm for later use, and re-crushing and granulating the raw material balls with the particle size of not more than 5-15 mm;
s6, preheating: preheating the raw material balls sieved in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at the preheating temperature of 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ for 10-30min to obtain preheated raw material balls;
s7, roasting: roasting the material balls preheated in the step S6 in a muffle furnace at the roasting temperature of 900-1200 ℃ for 5-25min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, cooling: and (5) naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step (S7) in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
Example 1
In this example, the following raw materials and methods were used:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of sludge, 50% of fly ash, 1.5% of starch, 2% of calcium carbonate and 1.5% of sodium humate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the sludge and the fly ash with the water content of 60% respectively to constant weight, grinding, and screening by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain the sludge and the fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing the sludge and the fly ash treated in the step S1, weighing starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate at the same time, and sending the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed for 60min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein, the sludge accounts for 45 percent, the fly ash accounts for 50 percent, the starch accounts for 1.5 percent, the calcium carbonate accounts for 2 percent, and the sodium humate accounts for 1.5 percent;
s3, putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 120min, so that dried raw material balls are obtained;
s5, screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4 by a screening machine, and selecting raw material balls of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating the raw material balls of 5-15mm in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at 200 ℃ for 30min to obtain preheated material balls;
s7, roasting the pellets preheated in the step S6 in a muffle furnace at the roasting temperature of 900 ℃ for 25min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step S7 in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
Example 2
In this example, the following raw materials and methods were used:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of sludge, 50% of fly ash, 1% of starch, 3% of calcium carbonate and 1% of sodium humate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the sludge and the fly ash with the water content of 60% respectively to constant weight, grinding, and screening by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain the sludge and the fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing the sludge and the fly ash treated in the step S1, weighing starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate at the same time, and sending the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed for 120min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein, the sludge accounts for 45 percent, the fly ash accounts for 50 percent, the starch accounts for 1 percent, the calcium carbonate accounts for 3 percent, and the sodium humate accounts for 1 percent;
s3, putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 60min, so that dried raw material balls are obtained;
s5, screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4 by a screening machine, and selecting raw material balls of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating the raw material balls of 5-15mm in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 20min to obtain preheated material balls;
s7, roasting the pellets preheated in the step S6 in a muffle furnace at 1050 ℃ for 15min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step S7 in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
Example 3
In this example, the following raw materials and methods were used:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of sludge, 50% of fly ash, 0.5% of starch, 4% of calcium carbonate and 0.5% of sodium humate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the sludge and the fly ash with the water content of 60% respectively to constant weight, grinding, and screening by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain the sludge and the fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing the sludge and the fly ash treated in the step S1, weighing starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate at the same time, and sending the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed for 100min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein, the sludge accounts for 45 percent, the fly ash accounts for 50 percent, the starch accounts for 0.5 percent, the calcium carbonate accounts for 4 percent, and the sodium humate accounts for 0.5 percent;
s3, putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 100min, so that dried raw material balls are obtained;
s5, screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4 by a screening machine, and selecting raw material balls of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating the raw material balls of 5-15mm in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at 400 ℃ for 10min to obtain preheated material balls;
s7, roasting the pellets preheated in the step S6 in a muffle furnace at 1200 ℃ for 5min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step S7 in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
Example 4
In this example, the following raw materials and methods were used:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of sludge, 35% of fly ash, 1.5% of starch, 2% of calcium carbonate and 1.5% of sodium humate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the sludge and the fly ash with the water content of 60% respectively to constant weight, grinding, and screening by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain the sludge and the fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing the sludge and the fly ash treated in the step S1, weighing starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate at the same time, and sending the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed for 110min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein, the sludge accounts for 60 percent, the fly ash accounts for 35 percent, the starch accounts for 1.5 percent, the calcium carbonate accounts for 2 percent, and the sodium humate accounts for 1.5 percent;
s3, putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 110min, so that dried raw material balls are obtained;
s5, screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4 by a screening machine, and selecting raw material balls of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating the raw material balls of 5-15mm in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at 200 ℃ for 30min to obtain preheated material balls;
s7, roasting the pellets preheated in the step S6 in a muffle furnace at the roasting temperature of 900 ℃ for 25min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step S7 in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
Example 5
In this example, the following raw materials and methods were used:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of sludge, 35% of fly ash, 1% of starch, 3% of calcium carbonate and 1% of sodium humate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the sludge and the fly ash with the water content of 60% respectively to constant weight, grinding, and screening by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain the sludge and the fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing the sludge and the fly ash treated in the step S1, weighing starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate at the same time, and sending the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed for 60min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein, the sludge accounts for 60 percent, the fly ash accounts for 35 percent, the starch accounts for 1 percent, the calcium carbonate accounts for 3 percent, and the sodium humate accounts for 1 percent;
s3, putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 120min, so that dried raw material balls are obtained;
s5, screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4 by a screening machine, and selecting raw material balls of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating the raw material balls of 5-15mm in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 20min to obtain preheated material balls;
s7, roasting the pellets preheated in the step S6 in a muffle furnace at 1050 ℃ for 15min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step S7 in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
Example 6
In this example, the following raw materials and methods were used:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of sludge, 35% of fly ash, 0.5% of starch, 4% of calcium carbonate and 0.5% of sodium humate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the sludge and the fly ash with the water content of 60% respectively to constant weight, grinding, and screening by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain the sludge and the fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing the sludge and the fly ash treated in the step S1, weighing starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate at the same time, and sending the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed for 120min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein, the sludge accounts for 60 percent, the fly ash accounts for 35 percent, the starch accounts for 0.5 percent, the calcium carbonate accounts for 4 percent, and the sodium humate accounts for 0.5 percent;
s3, putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 60min, so that dried raw material balls are obtained;
s5, screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4 by a screening machine, and selecting raw material balls of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating the raw material balls of 5-15mm in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at 400 ℃ for 10min to obtain preheated material balls;
s7, roasting the pellets preheated in the step S6 in a muffle furnace at 1200 ℃ for 5min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step S7 in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
Example 7
In this example, the following raw materials and methods were used:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 75% of sludge, 20% of fly ash, 1.5% of starch, 2% of calcium carbonate and 1.5% of sodium humate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the sludge and the fly ash with the water content of 60% respectively to constant weight, grinding, and screening by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain the sludge and the fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing the sludge and the fly ash treated in the step S1, weighing starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate at the same time, and sending the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed for 80min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein, the sludge accounts for 75 percent, the fly ash accounts for 20 percent, the starch accounts for 1.5 percent, the calcium carbonate accounts for 2 percent, and the sodium humate accounts for 1.5 percent;
s3, putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 120min, so that dried raw material balls are obtained;
s5, screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4 by a screening machine, and selecting raw material balls of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating the raw material balls of 5-15mm in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at 200 ℃ for 30min to obtain preheated material balls;
s7, roasting the pellets preheated in the step S6 in a muffle furnace at the roasting temperature of 900 ℃ for 25min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step S7 in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
Example 8
In this example, the following raw materials and methods were used:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 75% of sludge, 20% of fly ash, 1% of starch, 3% of calcium carbonate and 1% of sodium humate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the sludge and the fly ash with the water content of 60% respectively to constant weight, grinding, and screening by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain the sludge and the fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing the sludge and the fly ash treated in the step S1, weighing starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate at the same time, and sending the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed for 90min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein, the sludge accounts for 75 percent, the fly ash accounts for 20 percent, the starch accounts for 1 percent, the calcium carbonate accounts for 3 percent, and the sodium humate accounts for 1 percent;
s3, putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 90min, so that dried raw material balls are obtained;
s5, screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4 by a screening machine, and selecting raw material balls of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating the raw material balls of 5-15mm in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 20min to obtain preheated material balls;
s7, roasting the pellets preheated in the step S6 in a muffle furnace at 1050 ℃ for 15min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step S7 in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
Example 9
In this example, the following raw materials and methods were used:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 75% of sludge, 20% of fly ash, 0.5% of starch, 4% of calcium carbonate and 0.5% of sodium humate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the sludge and the fly ash with the water content of 60% respectively to constant weight, grinding, and screening by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain the sludge and the fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing the sludge and the fly ash treated in the step S1, weighing starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate at the same time, and sending the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed for 80min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein, the sludge accounts for 75 percent, the fly ash accounts for 20 percent, the starch accounts for 0.5 percent, the calcium carbonate accounts for 4 percent, and the sodium humate accounts for 0.5 percent;
s3, putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 100min, so that dried raw material balls are obtained;
s5, screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4 by a screening machine, and selecting raw material balls of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating the raw material balls of 5-15mm in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at 400 ℃ for 10min to obtain preheated material balls;
s7, roasting the pellets preheated in the step S6 in a muffle furnace at 1200 ℃ for 5min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step S7 in a muffle furnace, and cooling to below 60 ℃ to obtain the finished ceramsite.
The bulk density, porosity, specific surface area, hydrochloric acid solubility, sludge content, the sum of breakage rate and wear rate, and barrel pressure strength of the product obtained in examples 1 to 9 were measured according to the national standard "haydite filter material QB/T4383-2012", and the results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, according to the relevant detection standard of the national standard "Haydite Filter Material QB/T4383-2012", the required cylinder pressure strength is not less than 8MPa, the sum of the breakage rate and the wear rate is not more than 6%, the mud content is not more than 1%, the hydrochloric acid solubility is not more than 2%, the void ratio is not less than 40%, and the specific surface area is not less than 2 × 104cm2(ii) in terms of/g. The ceramsite of the invention has the cylinder pressure strength of 8.7-14.6MPa, preferably 9-14.6MPa, the sum of the breakage rate and the wear rate of 0.64-2.17%, preferably 0.64-2%, the mud content of 0.23-0.62%, preferably 0.23-0.6%, the hydrochloric acid solubility of 0.21-1.12%, preferably 0.21-1%, and the void ratio of 43.95-5793%, preferably 45 to 57.93%, with a specific surface area of 4.58X 104-7.96×104cm2Per g, preferably 5X 104-7.96×104cm2(ii) in terms of/g. Through data comparison, various detection data of the ceramsite are superior to various detection requirements in the national standard ceramsite filter material QB/T4383-2012. The ceramsite disclosed by the invention has the advantages of light weight, high cylinder compressive strength, large void ratio and the like, is excellent in performance, can meet the requirement standard of ceramsite filter materials used in the field of water treatment, and has a wide application prospect.
While the present invention has been described in terms of its functions and operations with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise functions and operations described above, and that the above-described embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A sludge fly ash ceramsite is characterized in that the sludge fly ash ceramsite is prepared by mixing, granulating and roasting sludge, fly ash and additives which serve as raw materials; the additive is a mixture of starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate.
2. The sludge fly ash ceramsite of claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise, by mass: 45 to 75 percent of sludge, 20 to 50 percent of fly ash, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of starch, 2 to 4 percent of calcium carbonate and 0.5 to 1.5 percent of sodium humate.
3. The sludge fly ash ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the sludge is obtained from a sludge dewatering plant of a sewage treatment plant, and has a water content of 60%; the sludge comprises the following components: 35-45 wt% of silicon oxide, 18-24 wt% of aluminum oxide, 10-16 wt% of iron oxide, 5-8 wt% of calcium oxide, 3-6 wt% of magnesium oxide, 2-4 wt% of potassium oxide and 1-3 wt% of sodium oxide.
4. The sludge fly ash ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash is obtained from a coal gasification device, and comprises the following components: 33.9-59.7 wt% of silicon oxide, 16.5-35.4 wt% of aluminum oxide, 1.5-19.7 wt% of iron oxide, 0.8-10.4 wt% of calcium oxide, 0.7-1.9 wt% of magnesium oxide, 0.6-2.9 wt% of potassium oxide and 0.2-1.1 wt% of sodium oxide.
5. The sludge fly ash ceramsite of claim 1, wherein the ceramsite has a barrel pressure strength of 8.7-14.6MPa, a sum of a breakage rate and a wear rate of 0.64-2.17%, a mud content of 0.23-0.62%, a hydrochloric acid solubility of 0.21-1.12%, a void ratio of not less than 40%, and a specific surface area of not less than 2 x 104cm2/g。
6. A method for preparing the sludge fly ash ceramsite as set forth in any one of the claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment: respectively drying sludge and fly ash with the water content of 60% to constant weight, grinding, and sieving by using a 100-mesh standard sieve to obtain sludge and fly ash with the particle size of less than 0.147 mm;
s2, weighing and uniformly mixing: respectively weighing the sludge, the fly ash and the additive in the step S1 according to a certain proportion, putting the mixture into a ball mill, and stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed for 60-120min to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein the additive is a mixture of starch, calcium carbonate and sodium humate.
S3, granulating: putting the mixed raw materials in the step S2 into a disc granulator for granulation to obtain raw material balls;
s4, drying: putting the raw material balls in the step S3 into an oven for drying to obtain dried raw material balls;
s5, screening: screening the raw material balls dried in the step S4, and selecting raw material balls with the particle size of 5-15mm for later use;
s6, preheating: preheating the raw material balls sieved in the step S5 in a muffle furnace at the preheating temperature of 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ for 10-30min to obtain preheated raw material balls;
s7, roasting: placing the preheated pellets in the step S6 into a muffle furnace for roasting at the temperature of 900-1200 ℃ for 5-25min to obtain roasted ceramsite;
s8, cooling: and (5) naturally cooling the ceramsite roasted in the step (S7) in a muffle furnace to obtain the finished ceramsite.
7. The method for preparing sludge fly ash ceramsite according to claim 6, wherein the raw materials mixed in step S2 comprise, by mass, 45% -75% of sludge, 20% -50% of fly ash, 0.5% -1.5% of starch, 2% -4% of calcium carbonate, and 0.5% -1.5% of sodium humate.
8. The method for preparing sludge fly ash ceramsite according to claim 6, wherein in step S4, the raw material pellets obtained in step S3 are placed in an oven for drying, so as to obtain dried raw material pellets, wherein the drying temperature is 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, and the drying time is 60-120 min.
9. The method for preparing sludge fly ash ceramsite according to claim 6, wherein in step S5, the raw material balls with the particle size of less than 5-15mm obtained in step S4 are crushed again for granulation.
10. The method for preparing sludge fly ash ceramsite according to claim 6, wherein in step S8, the baked ceramsite obtained in step S7 is naturally cooled in a muffle furnace to below 60 ℃, and then the finished ceramsite is obtained.
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| CN114409425A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-29 | 河北工业大学 | Preparation method of sludge-based porous high-water-absorption ceramsite |
| CN115745651A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 苏州市宏宇环境科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of lightweight porous sludge ceramsite |
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| CN115745651B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-11-14 | 苏州市宏宇环境科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of lightweight porous sludge ceramsite |
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Application publication date: 20210406 |