Disclosure of Invention
In order to make the water seepage resistance and the chloride ion permeation resistance of the concrete relatively better, the application provides high-performance concrete and a preparation method thereof.
The application provides a high-performance concrete and a preparation method thereof, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-performance concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 360 parts of cement, 60-110 parts of fly ash, 25-60 parts of slag powder, 830 parts of fine aggregate, 1100 parts of coarse aggregate, 120 parts of water and 5-15 parts of a water reducing agent, wherein the fine aggregate comprises medium sand and coarse sand, and the weight ratio of the medium sand to the coarse sand is 1:1, the coarse aggregate comprises crushed stones of 5-10mm and crushed stones of 10-20mm, and the weight ratio of the crushed stones of 5-10mm to the crushed stones of 10-20mm is 3: 7.
by adopting the technical scheme, as the crushed stone with the weight ratio of the medium sand to the coarse sand of 1:1 and the crushed stone with the weight ratio of 5-10mm to the crushed stone with the weight ratio of 10-20mm of 3:7 are adopted, when the concrete is prepared, the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate can form good gradation, so that the aggregates in the concrete are more densely stacked and have higher strength, and further, the particle diameters of the fly ash and the slag powder added in the raw materials and the particle diameters of the fly ash and the slag powder can form gradient with the particle diameters of the cement particles and are filled in gaps among the aggregates, so that the concrete has higher compaction degree and higher water seepage resistance and chloride ion seepage resistance.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent can improve the strength of concrete when cement is solidified, and is favorable for improving the durability of the concrete.
Preferably, the water-gel ratio of the raw materials is 0.37, the sand rate is 44%, and the mixing amount of the water reducing agent is 2.1%.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the water-cement ratio is 0.37, the sand rate is 44 percent, and the mixing amount of the water reducing agent is 2.1 percent, the aggregate and the gel material in the concrete can be relatively more tightly combined to improve the compactness, and the water reducing agent can play a better promoting role.
Preferably, the raw material also comprises 1-5 parts of polyacrylamide.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polyacrylamide can be hydrolyzed in cement slurry, and calcium hydroxide generated by cement hydration reaction is reduced, so that the hydration of cement is promoted, the early strength of concrete is improved, and meanwhile, cement particles can be tightly combined with aggregate, and the compactness of concrete is improved.
Preferably, the raw material also comprises 5-15 parts of water-soluble chitosan.
By adopting the technical scheme, the molecular chain of the water-soluble chitosan can coat the fly ash particles, the slag powder particles and the cement particles in the cement slurry and is absorbed by the polyacrylamide, so that the combination in the cement is relatively tighter, cracks or capillary pipelines are not easy to generate, and the impermeability of the concrete is improved.
Preferably, the raw materials also comprise 5-10 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
By adopting the technical scheme, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose has a high-molecular-weight network structure in the cement slurry, the molecular chain of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose can be wound with water-soluble chitosan, and the particles in the concrete are combined with the surface of the aggregate by the attraction of polyacrylamide, so that capillary channels and cracks are relatively difficult to appear in the combination of the gel particles and the aggregate, and the impermeability is higher.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the polyacrylamide to the water-soluble chitosan to the carboxymethyl cellulose is 3:9: 7.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the weight ratio of the polyacrylamide to the water-soluble chitosan to the carboxymethyl cellulose is 3:9:7, the compounding effect of the polyacrylamide to the water-soluble chitosan to the carboxymethyl cellulose is relatively better, so that the impermeability and the strength are obviously improved.
A high-performance concrete and a preparation method thereof comprise the following preparation steps: weighing the raw materials of the concrete, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the high-performance concrete.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation method has the advantages that the operation steps are relatively simple when the concrete is prepared, so that the operation cost for preparing the concrete is relatively low.
Preferably, the method comprises the following preparation steps: dividing water into two parts, adding a water reducing agent and water-soluble chitosan into one part of water, stirring and dissolving, adding cement, fly ash and slag powder, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a gel mixture; adding polyacrylamide and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into the other part of water, stirring and dissolving, adding coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain an aggregate mixture; and uniformly stirring and mixing the aggregate mixture and the gel mixture to obtain the high-performance concrete.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polyacrylamide and the aggregate are stirred firstly, so that the polyacrylamide is adhered to the surface of the aggregate firstly, and when the polyacrylamide and the aggregate are mixed and stirred later, the water-soluble chitosan can be attracted to the surface of the aggregate, and the concrete is wound by the carboxymethyl cellulose, so that the density degree of the concrete is higher, and the impermeability and the compressive strength of the concrete are improved.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the weight ratio of the medium sand to the coarse sand is 1:1, and the weight ratio of the crushed stone with the thickness of 5-10mm to the crushed stone with the thickness of 10-20mm is 3:7, when the concrete is prepared, good gradation can be formed between the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate, so that the aggregates in the concrete are more densely stacked and have higher strength, and the particle diameters of the fly ash and the slag powder can form gradient with the particle diameter of the cement particles and are filled in gaps between the aggregates, so that the concrete has higher compaction degree, higher water seepage resistance and higher chloride ion permeation resistance.
2. The molecular chain of the water-soluble chitosan can coat the fly ash particles, the slag powder particles and the cement particles in the cement slurry and is absorbed by the polyacrylamide, so that the combination in the cement is relatively tighter, cracks or capillary channels are not easy to generate, and the anti-permeability capability of the concrete is improved.
3. The polyacrylamide and the aggregate are stirred firstly, so that the polyacrylamide is firstly adhered to the surface of the aggregate, and when the polyacrylamide and the aggregate are mixed and stirred later, the water-soluble chitosan can be attracted to the surface of the aggregate and wound by the carboxymethyl cellulose, so that the density of the concrete is higher, and the water seepage resistance, the chloride ion permeation resistance and the compressive strength of the concrete are improved.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The source information of the raw materials and components involved in the present invention is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 specification and purchase information of raw materials
Examples
The components and proportions in the examples are shown in table 2:
table 2 composition and ratio of high performance concrete
The preparation method of each example is as follows:
examples 1 to 3
Weighing the components according to the proportion in the table 2, and preparing the high-performance concrete according to the following steps;
s1, weighing a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, adding the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent into water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a water reducing agent water solution for later use;
s2, weighing cement, fly ash and slag powder, placing the cement, fly ash and slag powder into a stirring device, stirring for 10min, adding medium sand, coarse sand, crushed stone of 5-10mm, crushed stone of 10-20mm and the water reducing agent aqueous solution prepared in the step S1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the high-performance concrete.
Examples 4 to 6
Weighing the components according to the proportion in the table 2, and preparing the high-performance concrete according to the following steps;
s1, weighing a certain amount of water, equally dividing the water into two parts, adding one part of the water into the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, stirring and dissolving to obtain a water reducing agent aqueous solution for later use; adding polyacrylamide into the other part of water, stirring and dissolving to prepare a compound solution for later use;
s1-1, uniformly stirring the compound solution prepared in the step S1, medium sand, coarse sand, crushed stone of 5-10mm and crushed stone of 10-20mm to prepare an aggregate mixture for later use;
s2, uniformly stirring the water reducing agent aqueous solution prepared in the step S1, cement, fly ash and slag powder, adding the aggregate mixture prepared in the step S1-1, uniformly stirring and mixing to prepare the high-performance concrete.
Examples 7 to 9
Weighing the components according to the proportion in the table 2, and preparing the high-performance concrete according to the following steps;
s1, weighing a certain amount of water, equally dividing the water into two parts, adding one part of the water into a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent and water-soluble chitosan, stirring and dissolving to obtain a water reducing agent aqueous solution for later use; adding polyacrylamide into the other part of water, stirring and dissolving to prepare a compound solution for later use;
s1-1, uniformly stirring the compound solution prepared in the step S1, medium sand, coarse sand, crushed stone of 5-10mm and crushed stone of 10-20mm to prepare an aggregate mixture for later use;
s2, uniformly stirring the water reducing agent aqueous solution prepared in the step S1, cement, fly ash and slag powder, adding the aggregate mixture prepared in the step S1-1, uniformly stirring and mixing to prepare the high-performance concrete.
Examples 10 to 13
Weighing the components according to the proportion in the table 2, and preparing the high-performance concrete according to the following steps;
s1, weighing a certain amount of water, equally dividing the water into two parts, adding one part of the water into a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent and water-soluble chitosan, stirring and dissolving to obtain a water reducing agent aqueous solution for later use; adding polyacrylamide and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into the other part of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a compound solution for later use;
s1-1, uniformly stirring the compound solution prepared in the step S1, medium sand, coarse sand, crushed stone of 5-10mm and crushed stone of 10-20mm to prepare an aggregate mixture for later use;
s2, uniformly stirring the water reducing agent aqueous solution prepared in the step S1, cement, fly ash and slag powder, adding the aggregate mixture prepared in the step S1-1, uniformly stirring and mixing to prepare the high-performance concrete.
Example 14
Weighing the components according to the proportion in the table 2, and preparing the high-performance concrete according to the following steps;
s1, weighing a certain amount of water, equally dividing the water into two parts, adding one part of the water into the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, stirring and dissolving to obtain a water reducing agent aqueous solution for later use; adding polyacrylamide and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into the other part of water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a compound solution for later use;
s1-1, uniformly stirring the compound solution prepared in the step S1, medium sand, coarse sand, crushed stone of 5-10mm and crushed stone of 10-20mm to prepare an aggregate mixture for later use;
s2, uniformly stirring the water reducing agent aqueous solution prepared in the step S1, cement, fly ash and slag powder, adding the aggregate mixture prepared in the step S1-1, uniformly stirring and mixing to prepare the high-performance concrete.
Comparative example
The components and the proportions of the recycled concrete prepared in each proportion are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 Components and proportions of high-performance concrete in various proportions
Comparative examples 1 to 3
Weighing the components according to the proportion in the table 3, and preparing the high-performance concrete according to the following steps;
s1, weighing a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, adding the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent into water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a water reducing agent water solution for later use;
s2, weighing cement, fly ash and slag powder, placing the cement, fly ash and slag powder into a stirring device, stirring for 10min, adding medium sand, coarse sand, crushed stone of 5-10mm, crushed stone of 10-20mm and the water reducing agent aqueous solution prepared in the step S1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the high-performance concrete.
Performance test
The performance test method of the recycled concrete prepared in the above examples and comparative examples is as follows:
1. compressive strength: making a standard test block according to GB/T50081-2002 standard of common concrete mechanical property test method, and measuring the compressive strength of the standard test block for 7 days and 28 days;
2. water penetration resistance: and (3) testing the water penetration depth of the concrete standard test block according to a step-by-step pressurization method in GB/T50082-2009 'test method standard for long-term performance and durability of common concrete'.
3. Resistance to chloride ion permeation: and testing the chloride ion penetration depth of the concrete standard test block according to a rapid chloride ion migration coefficient method in GB/T50082-2009 test method standards for long-term performance and durability of common concrete.
TABLE 4 results of performance testing of high performance concrete prepared in each example
TABLE 5 Performance test results for high Performance concrete prepared according to each of the comparative examples
It can be seen by combining example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 with tables 4 and 5 that when slag powder is added to concrete, the compressive strength and impermeability of the concrete in 28 days are higher than those of comparative example 3, and after fly ash is added to comparative example 2, the performances are better improved than those of comparative example 3. The particle sizes of the slag powder and the fly ash can form gradient with the particle size of the cement particles, and the slag powder and the fly ash are filled in gaps between coarse aggregates and fine aggregates to enable concrete to be more compact, so that the compressive strength and the impermeability of the concrete are improved, and the compressive strength and the impermeability of the concrete in example 1 are obviously higher than those of comparative examples 1-3. Meanwhile, the slag powder and the fly ash absorb calcium hydroxide formed during cement hydration and form C-S-H gel, so that crystal grains formed during cement hydration are reduced, the concrete forms a self-dense microstructure in an aggregate interface area, and the effect of resisting chloride ion permeation is obviously improved.
When the water-cement ratio is 0.37, the sand ratio is 44%, and the water reducing agent is added in an amount of 2.1%, the aggregate and the gel material in the concrete can be combined more tightly to improve the compactness, and the water reducing agent can play a better promoting role, as can be seen by combining the example 1 with the example 3 and combining the tables 2 and 4.
As can be seen by combining examples 1 and 4 and tables 2 and 4, the compressive strength of concrete after 7 days of addition of polyacrylamide is increased from 41.8MPa of example 1 to 45.2MPa of example 4, calcium hydroxide generated by hydration of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, which are main components of cement, is generated at the early stage of setting after polyacrylamide is added into concrete, and the amount of calcium hydroxide is reduced after polyacrylamide is hydrolyzed, so that tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate are promoted to be hydrated to generate calcium silicate, and the early strength of concrete is increased. And the polyacrylamide is stirred with coarse aggregate and fine aggregate in advance, so that molecular chains are fixed on the surface of the aggregate, when the polyacrylamide is stirred with the gel material, particles in the gel material are condensed to be tightly combined with the interface of the aggregate, pores are reduced, and a synergistic effect is formed with the grading of the particle sizes of the fly ash and the slag powder, so that the chloride ion permeation resistance is obviously improved.
Combining example 4 and example 7 with tables 2 and 4, it can be seen that the early strength of example 7 was increased by a small amount at 46.5MPa compared to 45.2MPa of example 5, and the water penetration depth was reduced to 5.6mm, and the chloride ion mobility was also reduced to 4.75 x 10-12m2And/s, after the water-soluble chitosan is added into the concrete, the water seepage resistance and the chloride ion permeability resistance are obviously improved. When polyacrylamide is hydrolyzed in alkaline cement slurry, the polymer of the polyacrylamide shows negative charges, and the water-soluble chitosan polymer has positive charges in the alkaline cement slurry, so that the hydrolyzed polyacrylamide can absorb the water-soluble chitosan towards the surface of aggregate, and the water-soluble chitosan is firstly and uniformly stirred with a cement gel material and cross-linked with slag powder, fly ash and cement particles when preparing concrete.
It can be seen by combining example 7 and example 10 and table 2 and table 4 that the compressive strength for 7 days and the compressive strength for 28 days of example 10 are significantly improved compared with the compressive strength for 7 days and the compressive strength for 28 days of example 7, the water seepage resistance and the chloride ion permeation resistance are significantly improved, the carboxymethylcellulose sodium, the water-soluble chitosan and the polyacrylamide can have stronger combination property, after the cement gel material and the aggregate are stirred, the carboxymethylcellulose sodium forms a microscopic net in the cement slurry, when the polyacrylamide attracts the water-soluble chitosan toward the aggregate, molecular chains of the carboxymethylcellulose sodium can be cross-linked and wound with the water-soluble chitosan, and a dense net is formed to coat the interface of the aggregate, so that the internal structure of the concrete after being dried is relatively denser, when water or chloride ions permeate into the concrete, water molecules or chloride ions are blocked by the formed net structure, thereby obviously improving the water seepage resistance and the chloride ion permeation resistance.
By combining example 10 and example 13 and table 2 and table 4, it can be seen that when the weight ratio of polyacrylamide, water-soluble chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose is 3:9:7, polyacrylamide, water-soluble chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose can have a better compounding effect, thereby improving various properties of concrete.
When the combination of example 4, example 10 and example 14 and the combination of tables 2 and 4 show that the concrete performance is not improved significantly compared with example 4 when only polyacrylamide and carboxymethylcellulose sodium are added to the concrete, and the coating effect of the network structure formed by the carboxymethylcellulose sodium on cement particles is not significant. Compared with the embodiment 14, the performance of the embodiment 10 is obviously improved, and the carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and the polyacrylamide can play a stronger compounding effect in the concrete, so that the performance of the concrete is obviously improved.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.