CN112608054A - High-silicon-content iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-silicon-content iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a high-silicon-content iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of high-silicon type iron tailings, 15-20 parts of red mud, 20-35 parts of coal gangue, 10-15 parts of caustic sludge and 1-5 parts of an alkaline activator. The raw material of the high-silicon type iron tailing-containing multi-element activation composite admixture provided by the invention is the high-silicon type iron tailing, the comprehensive utilization rate of the tailing can be improved by preparing the admixture through multi-element activation, and the multi-element activation is carried out in multiple modes of mechanical activation, thermal activation, chemical activation and mechanical-chemical activation, so that the activation efficiency is greatly improved; the selected red mud, alkaline residue and coal gangue are all solid wastes, and the materials are used for preparing admixtures to be used as resources for recycling; the selected high-silicon type iron tailings and coal gangue contain rich metal oxides, so that the durability of the admixture can be improved. Can reduce environmental pollution, reduce production cost, protect natural ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of mineral resource recycling economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a high-silicon-containing iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The iron tailings are industrial solid wastes generated after processing, refining and sorting iron ores, most iron ore enterprises stack a large part of tailings for backfilling treatment at present, only a small part of tailings are utilized, and the comprehensive utilization rate of the iron tailings in China is only 7% according to statistics. Therefore, the land resource is wasted due to the occupied space, and the environmental pollution is further caused. The iron ore resources in China are abundant, and after 2011, 4011 iron ores are found nationwide, the storage amount is up to 56.67 hundred million tons, the basic storage amount is 192.76 hundred million tons, and the storage amount of the iron ore resources is 743.9 million tons. By 4203 mine sites in 2011, the mining amount of iron ore reaches 13.27 hundred million tons, and the produced iron tailings are thought to be astronomical numbers. Meanwhile, the economic development, industrialization and urbanization of China are continuously promoted, the steel demand is continuously increased, and a large amount of iron tailings can be expected to be generated in the future.
The effective utilization of resources is particularly important after the 21 st century, and the secondary utilization of the iron tailings is more important. In order to solve the above problems, the comprehensive utilization of iron tailings and the improvement of the utilization rate thereof have become hot research points in recent years. The multi-element activation composite admixture of the iron-containing tailings is one of effective ways for recycling the iron tailings. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad continuously research the situation and have obtained certain results. The current comprehensive utilization of iron tailings mainly comprises: and (3) tailings are selected again, and the tailings at the bottom layer of the backfilled goaf are further refined into steel, are filled into the goaf, are used as a soil conditioner, are used for preparing building materials such as ceramics and bricks, are multi-structural layers of asphalt pavements, are cement concrete products and the like. It has been found that iron tailings sands have a latent pozzolanic activity similar to that of (supplementary) cementitious materials such as cement, silica fume and the like, but are less active and must be activated if further use is desired. Activation of iron tailings sand is mainly divided into three ways: mechanical activation, thermal activation, and chemical activation.
The physical activation causes mutual extrusion among particles through mechanical force, further depolymerizes the inside of the tailing particles, cracks are generated on the surfaces and inside of the particles, the material group phases are gradually uniform, some polar molecules or ions capable of decomposing slag enter the inside of the particles, and finally the activity of the tailing is improved. For example, the invention patent CN102850011A discloses a process for preparing active powder concrete by using iron tailings, which discloses a method for activating iron tailings by using a mechanical grinding means, so that the iron tailings are used as an active powder component of the active powder concrete, but studies show that the chemical activity of the iron tailings cannot be improved by mechanical grinding, and the iron tailings mainly have a physical filling effect at normal temperature.
The activity of the tailings is improved by thermal activation, namely high-temperature calcination, the stable silicon-oxygen tetrahedron and aluminum-oxygen octahedron structures on the surface and inside of the tailings are greatly changed under the action of the high-temperature calcination, the chemical bond of Si-O, Al-O is broken, the atomic arrangement is irregular, and a thermodynamic metastable state is presented, so that the activity is high. The influence of thermal activation on the gelling activity of the iron tailings is researched, and the results show that: kaolinite in tailings is decomposed in the thermal activation process, and after complete decomposition, the activity index reaches the highest. However, many researches find that the activity of the iron tailings cannot be improved by calcining the iron tailings alone, and the activity of the iron tailings can be obviously improved only by adding active substances and the iron tailings for calcining, so that a convenient and effective method for activating the iron tailings is sought, and the iron tailings are further used as auxiliary cementing materials in large quantity, so that the comprehensive utilization of the iron tailings is more and more important.
The chemical activation is to convert substance without hydration activity into material with gelation property by treating with appropriate chemical method, wherein the process comprises adding activator such as alkali (water glass, NaOH), sulfate, etc. to depolymerize silicate network with high degree of polymerization, and decomposing silicon and aluminum ions with Ca (OH)2Function of enteringThe C-S-H gel formed by calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminate hydrate and the like is generated in one step, thereby achieving the purpose of activation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the high-silicon-containing iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture and the preparation method thereof, wherein the high-silicon-containing iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture can improve the strength and durability of concrete, reduce environmental pollution, protect natural ecological environment, reduce production cost and promote the sustainable development of mineral resource recycling economy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A high-silicon-containing iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture is mainly prepared by mixing and activating high-silicon-containing iron tailings, red mud, caustic sludge, coal gangue and an alkaline activator, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of high-silicon type iron tailings, 15-20 parts of red mud, 20-35 parts of coal gangue, 10-15 parts of caustic sludge and 1-5 parts of an alkaline activator.
Further, the high-silicon type iron tailings comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 60~70%、MgO 6%~10%、CaO 5%~8%、Al2O3 4%~7%、Fe2O3 8% -12% of the metal oxide.
Further, the high-silicon type iron tailings are reasonably graded, and are divided into different fineness grades according to particle sizes by using a vibrating screen, wherein the particle size of the iron tailings is 20-35% below 0.075mm, 50-70% between 0.075mm and 0.15mm, 10-15% between 0.15mm and 0.3mm, and 5-10% between 0.3mm and 0.6 mm.
Further, the red mud is industrial solid waste discharged during extraction of alumina in the aluminum production industry, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: fe2O3 30%~45%、Al2O3 15%~20%、SiO2 10%~15%、TiO2 6%~10%、Na25-8% of O and the granularity of red mud20 to 30 μm.
Further, the caustic sludge is solid waste generated by producing soda ash by an ammonia-soda process in a chemical plant, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 50-65% of CaO and SiO2 15%~20 %、MgO 7%~9%、Al2O3 4-7% and the particle size is 25-35 μm.
Further, the alkali activator is composed of NaOH with a degree of 95% or more and Na with a modulus of 2.02SiO3The modulus of the alkaline solution prepared by mixing is 1.0.
Further, the coal gangue is solid waste discharged in a coal mining process and a coal washing process, and consists of the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 2251-65%, 1-4% of MgO, 1-7% of CaO, and Al2O316~36%、Fe2O32~9%、Na2O+K2O1-2.5%, and the fineness of the mixture is 25-30 μm after further grinding.
A preparation method of a multi-element activated composite admixture containing iron tailings comprises the following steps.
Step 1, selecting iron tailings: selecting high-silicon iron tailings, screening by using a vibrating screen according to different systems with different specifications of screen trays and grids, and selecting four grades of iron tailings with the granularity of less than 0.075mm, 0.075 mm-0.15 mm, 0.15 mm-0.3 mm and 0.3 mm-0.6 mm for next activation to prepare the multi-element activation composite admixture.
Step 2, mechanical activation: and (4) carrying out grading grinding on the screened iron tailing sand by adopting a ball mill to obtain primary activated iron tailings.
Step 3, thermal activation: dividing the primary activated iron tailings subjected to mechanical activation into two parts, wherein one part is singly burnt at 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 hours; and performing mixed firing and packaging on the other part of the once activated iron tailings and the red mud according to an orthogonal test proportion, wherein the calcining temperature is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is two 2 hours, so as to obtain the heat activated twice activated iron tailings.
Step 4, chemical activation: NaOH or Na is added into the secondary activated iron tailings after mechanical activation and thermal activation2SiO3The alkaline substance creates an alkaline environment, and the coal is addedChemical activation is carried out on the gangue, the red mud and the alkaline residue, the mixing proportion of alkaline substances is 1% -5% of the total material, and finally the multi-element activation composite admixture of the iron-containing tailings is obtained.
Furthermore, in the step 2, the amount of iron balls in the ball mill is 4 times of that of the materials, and the grinding time is 2-4 h.
Further, in step 4, the mass of water is calculated according to the water-to-gel ratio, and NaOH and Na are added2SiO3According to the following steps of 1: 1.67 mass ratio in water to obtain an alkaline solution with a modulus of 1.0.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows.
The raw material of the high-silicon type iron tailing-containing multi-element activation composite admixture provided by the invention is the high-silicon type iron tailing, the comprehensive utilization rate of the tailing can be improved by preparing the admixture through multi-element activation, and the multi-element activation is carried out in multiple modes of mechanical activation, thermal activation, chemical activation and mechanical-chemical activation, so that the activation efficiency is greatly improved; the selected red mud, alkaline residue and coal gangue are all solid wastes, and the materials are used for preparing admixtures to be used as resources for recycling; the selected high-silicon type iron tailings and coal gangue contain rich metal oxides, such as MgO and Fe2O3Etc. may improve the durability of the blend.
The high-silicon-content iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture provided by the invention can equivalently replace 20-35% of cement in concrete, can reduce the cost of the batch by more than 20%, also greatly improves the strength and durability of the concrete, can reduce environmental pollution, reduce production cost, protect natural ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of mineral resource recycling economy.
The preparation method of the high-silicon-containing iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture provided by the invention adopts a mechanical activation mode of reasonable grading and grading grinding on the selected high-silicon-containing iron tailings, so that the activation efficiency is greatly improved and the activation energy consumption is reduced compared with other mechanical activation. The thermal activation in the preparation method adopts two modes of tailing single burning and tailing red mud mixed burning, and compared with other thermal activation methods, the activation effect is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the multi-element activation composite admixture containing high-silicon type iron tailings.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, wherein the embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments are based on different implementations of the overall concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The flow chart of the preparation method of the high-silicon-containing iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture is shown in figure 1.
A high-silicon-containing iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture is mainly prepared by mixing and activating high-silicon-containing iron tailings, red mud, caustic sludge, coal gangue and an alkaline activator, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of high-silicon type iron tailings, 15-20 parts of red mud, 20-35 parts of coal gangue, 10-15 parts of caustic sludge and 1-5 parts of an alkaline activator.
Further, the high-silicon type iron tailings comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 60~70%、MgO 6%~10%、CaO 5%~8%、Al2O3 4%~7%、Fe2O3 8% -12% of the metal oxide.
Further, the high-silicon type iron tailings are reasonably graded, and are divided into different fineness grades according to particle sizes by using a vibrating screen, wherein the particle size of the iron tailings is 20-35% below 0.075mm, 50-70% between 0.075mm and 0.15mm, 10-15% between 0.15mm and 0.3mm, and 5-10% between 0.3mm and 0.6 mm.
Further, the red mud is industrial solid waste discharged during extraction of alumina in the aluminum production industry, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: fe2O3 30%~45%、Al2O3 15%~20%、SiO2 10%~15%、TiO2 6%~10%、Na2O5-8% and the particle size of the red mud is 20-30 μm.
Further onThe caustic sludge is solid waste generated by producing soda ash by an ammonia-soda process in a chemical plant and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 50-65% of CaO and SiO2 15%~20%、MgO 7%~9%、Al2O3 4-7% and the particle size is 25-35 μm.
Further, the alkali activator is composed of NaOH with a degree of 95% or more and Na with a modulus of 2.02SiO3The modulus of the alkaline solution prepared by mixing is 1.0.
Further, the coal gangue is solid waste discharged in a coal mining process and a coal washing process, and consists of the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 2251-65%, 1-4% of MgO, 1-7% of CaO, and Al2O3 16~36%、Fe2O3 2~9%、Na2O+K2O1-2.5%, and the fineness of the mixture is 25-30 μm after further grinding.
A preparation method of a multi-element activated composite admixture containing iron tailings comprises the following steps.
Step 1, selecting iron tailings: selecting high-silicon iron tailings, screening by using a vibrating screen according to different systems with different specifications of screen trays and grids, and selecting four grades of iron tailings with the granularity of less than 0.075mm, 0.075 mm-0.15 mm, 0.15 mm-0.3 mm and 0.3 mm-0.6 mm for next activation to prepare the multi-element activation composite admixture.
Step 2, mechanical activation: and (4) carrying out grading grinding on the screened iron tailing sand by adopting a ball mill to obtain primary activated iron tailings.
Step 3, thermal activation: dividing the primary activated iron tailings subjected to mechanical activation into two parts, wherein one part is singly burnt at 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 hours; and performing mixed firing and packaging on the other part of the once activated iron tailings and the red mud according to an orthogonal test proportion, wherein the calcining temperature is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is two 2 hours, so as to obtain the heat activated twice activated iron tailings.
Step 4, chemical activation: NaOH or Na is added into the secondary activated iron tailings after mechanical activation and thermal activation2SiO3The alkaline substance creates an alkaline environment, the coal gangue, the red mud and the alkaline residue are added for chemical activation, and the alkaline substanceThe blending proportion is 1% -5% of the total material, and finally the iron-containing tailing multi-element activation composite admixture is obtained.
Furthermore, in the step 2, the amount of iron balls in the ball mill is 4 times of that of the materials, and the grinding time is 2-4 h.
Further, in step 4, the mass of water is calculated according to the water-to-gel ratio, and NaOH and Na are added2SiO3According to the following steps of 1: 1.67 mass ratio in water to obtain an alkaline solution with a modulus of 1.0.
Example 1.
Selecting high-silicon type iron tailings, screening the high-silicon type iron tailings by using a vibrating screen according to different systems of sieve tray grid specifications, selecting four grades of iron tailings with the granularity of less than 0.075mm, 0.075 mm-0.15 mm, 0.15 mm-0.3 mm and 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, grinding the iron tailings with a laboratory ball mill for 2 hours, and carrying out classified grinding on the screened iron tailings to obtain primary activated iron tailings; then calcining the primary activated iron tailings at the temperature of 700 ℃ for 2h to obtain secondary activated iron tailings; and finally, mixing 40% of iron tailings with coal gangue, red mud and the like in a 2% NaOH solution environment for chemical activation to finally obtain the iron-containing tailing multi-element activation composite admixture, and performing a mortar activity strength test, wherein the unconfined compressive strength of 7d and 28d is 25.2MPa and 34.1MPa, and the activity indexes of 7d and 28d are 76% and 105%.
Example 2.
Selecting high-silicon type iron tailings, screening the high-silicon type iron tailings by using a vibrating screen according to different systems of sieve tray grid specifications, selecting four grades of iron tailings with the granularity of less than 0.075mm, 0.075 mm-0.15 mm, 0.15 mm-0.3 mm and 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, grinding the iron tailings for 3 hours by using a laboratory ball mill, and carrying out classified grinding on the screened iron tailings to obtain primary activated iron tailings; then calcining the primary activated iron tailings at the temperature of 700 ℃ for 2h to obtain secondary activated iron tailings; finally, 50% of iron tailings are added with 4% of Na2SiO3Mixing the mixture with coal gangue, red mud and the like in a solution environment for chemical activation to finally obtain the iron-containing tailing multi-element activation composite admixture, and performing a sand-glue activity strength test, wherein the unconfined compressive strength of 7d and 28d is 24.4MPa and 32.9MPa, and the activity indexes of 7d and 28d are 75 percent and 101 percent.
Example 3.
Selecting high-silicon type iron tailings, screening the high-silicon type iron tailings by using a vibrating screen according to different systems of sieve tray grid specifications, selecting four grades of iron tailings with the granularity of less than 0.075mm, 0.075 mm-0.15 mm, 0.15 mm-0.3 mm and 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, grinding the iron tailings with a laboratory ball mill for 2 hours, and carrying out classified grinding on the screened iron tailings to obtain primary activated iron tailings; then calcining the primary activated iron tailings at the temperature of 700 ℃ for 3h to obtain secondary activated iron tailings; and finally, mixing 60% of iron tailings with coal gangue, red mud and the like in a 4% NaOH solution environment for chemical activation to finally obtain the iron-containing tailing multi-element activation composite admixture, and performing a mortar activity strength test, wherein the unconfined compressive strength of 7d and 28d is 23.6MPa and 30.8MPa, and the activity indexes of 7d and 28d are 72% and 100%.
Example 4.
Selecting high-silicon type iron tailings, screening the high-silicon type iron tailings by using a vibrating screen according to different systems of sieve tray grid specifications, selecting four grades of iron tailings with the granularity of less than 0.075mm, 0.075 mm-0.15 mm, 0.15 mm-0.3 mm and 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, grinding the iron tailings with a laboratory ball mill for 2 hours, and carrying out classified grinding on the screened iron tailings to obtain primary activated iron tailings; then calcining the primary activated iron tailings at the temperature of 700 ℃ for 3h to obtain secondary activated iron tailings; finally, 70 percent of iron tailings are added with 4 percent of NaOH and Na2SiO3Mixing the mixture with coal gangue, red mud and the like in a solution environment for chemical activation to finally obtain the iron-containing tailing multi-element activation composite admixture, and performing a sand-cement activity strength test, wherein the unconfined compressive strengths of 7d and 28d are 22.5MPa and 27.9MPa, and the activity indexes of 7d and 28d are 69 percent and 86 percent.
Example 5.
Selecting high-silicon type iron tailings, screening the high-silicon type iron tailings by using a vibrating screen according to different systems of sieve tray grid specifications, selecting four grades of iron tailings with the granularity of less than 0.075mm, 0.075 mm-0.15 mm, 0.15 mm-0.3 mm and 0.3 mm-0.6 mm, grinding the iron tailings with a laboratory ball mill for 2 hours, and carrying out classified grinding on the screened iron tailings to obtain primary activated iron tailings; then mixing and calcining the primary activated iron tailings and the red mud at the temperature of 700 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain secondary activated iron tailings; and finally, mixing 40% of iron tailings with coal gangue and the like in a 4% NaOH solution environment for chemical activation to finally obtain the high-silicon-containing iron tailings multi-element activation composite admixture, and performing a mortar activity strength test, wherein the unconfined compressive strength of 7d and 28d is 24.6MPa and 33.4MPa, and the activity indexes of 7d and 28d are 80% and 108%.
Claims (10)
1. The high-silicon-containing iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture is characterized by being mainly prepared by mixing and activating high-silicon-containing iron tailing, red mud, alkaline residue, coal gangue and an alkaline activator, and comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of high-silicon type iron tailings, 15-20 parts of red mud, 20-35 parts of coal gangue, 10-15 parts of caustic sludge and 1-5 parts of an alkaline activator.
2. The multi-element activation composite admixture containing high-silicon type iron tailings of claim 1, wherein the high-silicon type iron tailings comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 60~70%、MgO 6%~10%、CaO 5%~8%、Al2O3 4%~7%、Fe2O3 8% -12% of the metal oxide.
3. The high-silicon-containing iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-silicon-containing iron tailing is reasonably graded, and the iron tailing is divided into different fineness grades according to particle size by using a vibrating screen, specifically, the particle size of 0.075mm or less accounts for 20% -35%, the particle size of 0.075 mm-0.15 mm accounts for 50% -70%, the particle size of 0.15 mm-0.3 mm accounts for 10% -15%, and the particle size of 0.3 mm-0.6 mm accounts for 5% -10%.
4. The high-silicon-content iron tailing multi-element activation composite admixture as defined in claim 1, wherein the red mud is industrial solid waste discharged during extraction of alumina in aluminum production industry, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: fe2O3 30%~45%、Al2O3 15%~20%、SiO2 10％~15%、TiO2 6%~10%、Na2O5-8% and the particle size of the red mud is 20-30 μm.
5. The multi-element activation composite admixture containing high-silicon type iron tailings of claim 1, wherein the caustic sludge is solid waste generated by ammonia-soda process production of soda ash in chemical plants, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 50-65% of CaO and SiO2 15%~20%、MgO 7%~9%、Al2O3 4-7% and the particle size is 25-35 μm.
6. The diversified composite admixture of high-silicon containing iron tailings of claim 1, wherein the alkaline activator is composed of NaOH with a degree of 95% or more and Na with a modulus of 2.02SiO3The modulus of the alkaline solution prepared by mixing is 1.0.
7. The multi-element activation composite admixture containing high-silicon type iron tailings of claim 1, wherein the coal gangue is solid waste discharged in a coal mining process and a coal washing process, and consists of the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 51~65%、MgO 1~4%、CaO 1~7%、Al2O3 16~36%、Fe2O3 2~9%、Na2O+K2O1-2.5%, and the fineness of the mixture is 25-30 μm after further grinding.
8. The preparation method of the multi-element activation composite admixture containing the high-silicon type iron tailings of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting iron tailings: selecting high-silicon iron tailings, screening by using a vibrating screen according to different systems with different specifications of screen trays and grids, and selecting four grades of iron tailings with the particle sizes of less than 0.075mm, 0.075 mm-0.15 mm, 0.15 mm-0.3 mm and 0.3 mm-0.6 mm for next activation to prepare a multi-element activation composite admixture;
step 2, mechanical activation: carrying out grading grinding on the screened iron tailing sand by using a ball mill to obtain primary activated iron tailings;
step 3, thermal activation: dividing the primary activated iron tailings subjected to mechanical activation into two parts, wherein one part is singly burnt at 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 hours; performing mixed firing and packing on the other part of the primary activated iron tailings and the red mud according to an orthogonal test proportion, wherein the calcining temperature is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is two 2 hours, so as to obtain the heat-activated secondary activated iron tailings;
step 4, chemical activation: NaOH or Na is added into the secondary activated iron tailings after mechanical activation and thermal activation2SiO3The alkaline substance creates an alkaline environment, the coal gangue, the red mud and the alkaline residue are added for chemical activation, the mixing proportion of the alkaline substance is 1 to 5 percent of the total material, and finally the multi-element activation composite admixture of the iron-containing tailings is obtained.
9. The preparation method of the multi-element activation composite admixture containing the high-silicon type iron tailings in the claim 8, wherein the iron ball amount in the ball mill in the step 2 is 4 times of that of the materials, and the milling time is 2 h-4 h.
10. The preparation method of the multi-element activation composite admixture containing the high-silicon type iron tailings as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step 4, the mass of water is calculated through the water-to-gel ratio, and NaOH and Na are added2SiO3According to the following steps of 1: 1.67 mass ratio in water to obtain an alkaline solution with a modulus of 1.0.
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| CN113683332A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-23 | 山西省玻璃陶瓷科学研究所（有限公司） | Preparation method of red mud and coal gangue accelerator |
| CN114230223A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-25 | 东北大学 | Multi-solid-waste admixture, preparation method thereof and cement mortar |
| CN115010433A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-06 | 南京工程学院 | High-silicon-content iron tailing concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN116535186A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-08-04 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Non-sintered water permeable material of full solid waste recycled aggregate and preparation method thereof |
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