CN112600283B - Startup and shutdown circuit - Google Patents

Startup and shutdown circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112600283B
CN112600283B CN202110228898.8A CN202110228898A CN112600283B CN 112600283 B CN112600283 B CN 112600283B CN 202110228898 A CN202110228898 A CN 202110228898A CN 112600283 B CN112600283 B CN 112600283B
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China
Prior art keywords
microcontroller
power
control circuit
signal
power supply
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CN202110228898.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112600283A (en
Inventor
童友连
杨国全
曹亚曦
王克彦
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Zhejiang Huachuang Video Signal Technology Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Huachuang Video Signal Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
    • G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
    • G06F1/3237—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken by disabling clock generation or distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96—Touch switches
    • H03K17/964—Piezo-electric touch switches

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a power on/off circuit, which can reduce the electric quantity loss of a lithium battery as much as possible by cutting off the connection between a lithium battery power supply and a microcontroller on the basis of meeting the normal power on/off requirements of terminal equipment. This switching on and shutting down circuit includes: the switch module is used for generating a first signal according to the first pressing operation; the microcontroller sets the main circuit module to be in a power-down state according to the first signal and sends a second signal to the power management module, wherein the second signal is used for disconnecting the power management module from the microcontroller; the switch module is used for generating a third signal within the duration of the second pressing operation; the power supply management module supplies power to the microcontroller according to the third signal; and the electrified microcontroller periodically generates a fourth signal, the main circuit module is set to be in an electrified state, and the fourth signal is used for controlling the power management module to continuously supply power to the microcontroller after the second pressing operation is cancelled.

Description

Startup and shutdown circuit
The present application claims priority from the chinese patent application filed on 15/10/2020 and entitled "a power on/off circuit" under the reference of the chinese patent office, application number 202011102691.8, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of embedded equipment, in particular to a startup and shutdown circuit.
Background
At present, the lithium battery has the advantages of high charging speed, long service life and the like, and is widely applied to various terminal devices, such as intelligent wearable devices. In the prior art, a lithium battery power supply is mainly managed in two ways. Firstly, manage lithium battery power through mechanical switch, both can ensure that terminal equipment carries out normal switching on and shutting down operation, can make lithium battery power and external circuit disconnection when terminal equipment is in the shutdown state again to reduce the circuit loss of lithium cell under the shutdown state. However, the mechanical switch has a large volume and cannot be applied to miniaturized terminal equipment; secondly, the lithium battery power supply is managed by the low-power processor, but when the terminal device is in a shutdown state, the low-power processor is still in a working state, that is, the low-power processor still consumes the electric quantity stored by the lithium battery power supply in the shutdown state. If the low-power-consumption processor is forcibly powered off, namely the lithium battery power supply is disconnected with the low-power-consumption sensor in a shutdown state, the subsequent terminal equipment cannot be normally started.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a power on/off circuit which is suitable for a miniaturized terminal device and can reduce the power loss of a lithium battery power supply in a power off state of the terminal device as much as possible on the premise of meeting the normal power on/off function of the terminal device.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a power on/off circuit, which can reduce the electric quantity loss of a lithium battery in a power off state of a terminal device as much as possible by cutting off the connection between the lithium battery and a microcontroller on the basis of meeting the normal power on/off function of the terminal device.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a switching circuit, where the switching circuit includes: the output end of the switch module is respectively connected with a first input end of the microcontroller and a first input end of the power management module, the first input end of the power management module is connected with a first output end of the microcontroller, a second input end of the power management module is connected with a second output end of the microcontroller, the first output end of the power management module is connected with the second input end of the microcontroller, and a third output end of the microcontroller is connected with the first input end of the main circuit module; the microcontroller is powered by the power management module and controls the main circuit module to be in a power-on state; the switch module generates different control signals based on different pressing time lengths;
the switch module is used for receiving a first pressing operation from a user and generating a first signal according to the first pressing operation;
the microcontroller sets the main circuit module to be in a power-down state according to the first signal and sends a second signal to the power management module, wherein the second signal is used for disconnecting the power management module from the microcontroller;
the switch module is used for receiving a second pressing operation from a user and generating a third signal within the duration of the second pressing operation, wherein the pressing time lengths corresponding to the first pressing operation and the second pressing operation are different;
the power supply management module supplies power to the microcontroller according to the third signal;
and the powered microcontroller periodically generates a fourth signal and sets the main circuit module to be in a powered-on state, wherein the fourth signal is used for controlling the power management module to continuously supply power to the microcontroller after the second pressing operation is cancelled.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the initial state, the microcontroller supplies power through the power management module and controls the main circuit module to be electrified, namely, the terminal equipment is in a starting state at the moment. On one hand, if the first pressing operation is performed on the switch module, the switch module may output a control signal, such as a first signal, corresponding to the first pressing operation duration according to the corresponding relationship between the pressing operation duration and the signal, and the microcontroller may power down the main circuit module according to the first signal, that is, the terminal device enters the shutdown state. Meanwhile, the microcontroller can send a second signal to the power management module, and the inside of the power management module can be in a non-conducting state through the second signal, namely, the connection between the power management module and the microcontroller is cut off, so that the electric quantity loss of the power management module is reduced as much as possible in a shutdown state of the terminal equipment.
On the other hand, when the terminal device is in a shutdown state, the switch module may be subjected to a second pressing operation, and then the switch module may output a control signal, such as a third signal, corresponding to the second pressing operation duration according to a corresponding relationship between the pressing operation duration and the signal, and the power management module temporarily powers on the microcontroller based on the third signal, that is, the third signal only exists within the second pressing operation duration, and once the switch module is released, the third signal disappears, and the microcontroller is in a power-down state again. Therefore, the microcontroller after being temporarily powered on can send the fourth signal to the power management module, so that the power management module can continuously supply power to the microcontroller. That is, the power management module may continue to supply power to the microcontroller even if the second pressing operation is deactivated. After the microcontroller obtains continuous power supply, the main circuit module can be set to be in a power-on state, and then the terminal equipment is started. The power on/off circuit can meet the normal power on/off requirements of the terminal equipment, and can reduce the electric quantity loss of the power management module as much as possible when the terminal equipment is in a power off state.
Optionally, the power management module includes a first power supply channel, the first power supply channel includes a lithium battery and a MOSFET control circuit that are sequentially connected, an output end of the MOSFET control circuit is connected with a second input end of the microcontroller, and the MOSFET control circuit is in a non-conducting state when the main circuit module is in a power-down state;
the MOSFET control circuit is connected with the output end of the switch module and used for receiving the third signal so as to enable the MOSFET control circuit to be conducted within the duration time of the second pressing operation;
the lithium battery supplies power to the microcontroller through the MOSFET control circuit in a conducting state.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first power supply channel, namely the lithium battery and the MOSFET control circuit which are connected in sequence, exists in the power management module, so that when the main circuit module is in a power failure state, namely the terminal equipment is in a shutdown state, the MOSFET control circuit can be considered to be in a non-conduction state. Meanwhile, the MOSFET control circuit is also connected with the output end of the switch module. Once a user continuously presses the switch module for a specific time, a third signal can be generated, the MOSFET control circuit can be conducted under the action of the third signal, and then the lithium battery can supply power to the microcontroller through the MOSFET control circuit in a conducting state.
Optionally, the MOSFET control circuit is connected to the first output terminal of the microcontroller, and is configured to receive the fourth signal, where the fourth signal is used to turn on the MOSFET control circuit after the second pressing operation is cancelled, and the fourth signal is of the same type as the third signal.
In the embodiment of the invention, due to the self property of the switch module, namely, the third signal is generated when the switch module is pressed, and the third signal is cancelled when the switch module is released, the third signal can only power on the microcontroller temporarily, and obviously, the starting requirement of the terminal equipment cannot be met. The temporarily powered microcontroller may output a fourth signal to the MOSFET control circuit, where the fourth signal may be considered to be a signal of the same type as the third signal, so that the MOSFET control circuit is continuously in a conducting state, i.e. the first power supply channel is continuously conducting, and at this time, the first power supply channel may continue to supply power to the microcontroller even if the second pressing operation is removed.
Optionally, the power management module further includes a second power supply channel, the second power supply channel includes the lithium battery and a charge and discharge control circuit connected in sequence, an output end of the charge and discharge control circuit is connected to a second input end of the microcontroller and a second input end of the main circuit module, respectively, an input end of the charge and discharge control circuit is connected to a second output end of the microcontroller, and the charge and discharge control circuit is in a non-conducting state when the main circuit module is in a power-down state;
the microcontroller sends a fifth signal to the charge and discharge control circuit and cancels the fourth signal, the fifth signal is used for enabling the charge and discharge control circuit to be conducted again and switching a power supply channel from the first power supply channel to the second power supply channel, and the load value allowed to be borne by the second power supply channel is larger than the load value allowed to be borne by the first power supply channel;
the lithium battery supplies power to the microcontroller and the main circuit module through the charge and discharge control circuit in a conducting state.
In the implementation of the present invention, it is considered that after the terminal device is powered on, the power management module not only needs to supply power to the microcontroller, but also needs to supply power to the main circuit module. And if the user heavily uses the terminal equipment, the main circuit module consumes more electric quantity, namely for the power management module, the main circuit module is regarded as a larger load. Therefore, a second power supply channel is further arranged inside the power management module, namely, the lithium battery and the charge-discharge control circuit are sequentially connected, and since the load value allowed to be borne by the second power supply channel is greater than the load value allowed to be borne by the first power supply channel, the first power supply channel can be switched to the second power supply channel after the terminal equipment is started. For example, the microcontroller may send a fifth signal to the charge and discharge control circuit, and the fifth signal may turn on the charge and discharge control circuit, so that the second power supply channel is turned on; meanwhile, the microcontroller can cancel the fourth signal continuously sent to the MOSFET control circuit, so that the first power supply channel is cut off, and the switching from the first power supply channel to the second power supply channel is completed. And then, the lithium battery can supply power to the microcontroller and the main circuit module through the charge-discharge control circuit in a conducting state so as to meet the power supply requirement when the terminal equipment runs with a large load after being started.
Optionally, the power management module further includes:
the input of stabiliser respectively with MOSFET control circuit's output and charge and discharge control circuit's output is connected, the output of stabiliser with microcontroller's second input is connected, be used for with the original voltage step-down of lithium cell extremely microcontroller's operating voltage.
In the implementation of the invention, the output voltage of the lithium battery is still higher after passing through the MOSFET control circuit or the charge-discharge control circuit, so that in order to ensure the normal operation of the microcontroller and avoid the damage caused by overlarge input voltage, the output end of the MOSFET control circuit and the output end of the charge-discharge control circuit can be connected with the voltage stabilizer, thereby reducing the original voltage of the lithium battery to the working voltage required by the microcontroller.
Optionally, the power management module further includes:
the first ideal diode is arranged between the MOSFET control circuit and the voltage stabilizer, and the second ideal diode is arranged between the charge-discharge control circuit and the voltage stabilizer, the first ideal diode is used for preventing the first power supply channel from generating current backflow when the second power supply channel is conducted, and the second ideal diode is used for preventing the second power supply channel from generating current backflow when the first power supply channel is conducted.
In the embodiment of the invention, as only one power supply channel is conducted between the first power supply channel and the second power supply channel at the same time, when one power supply channel is conducted, the current backflow problem can be generated to the other power supply channel. Therefore, the first ideal diode is arranged on the MOSFET control circuit and the voltage stabilizer, the second ideal diode is arranged on the charge-discharge control circuit and the voltage stabilizer, and the problem of possible current backflow is avoided through the unidirectional conductivity of the ideal diodes.
Optionally, the switch module is a tact switch.
In the embodiment of the invention, the small-size light-touch switch can be selected in consideration of the fact that the mechanical switch is large in size and cannot be applied to miniaturized terminal equipment.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and the resistor is arranged between the tact switch and the MOSFET control circuit and is used for reducing the current of a branch circuit formed by the lithium battery, the MOSFET control circuit and the tact switch.
In the embodiment of the invention, the branch circuit formed by the lithium battery, the MOSFET control circuit and the tact switch may damage the MOSFET control circuit due to overlarge current, so that the resistor can be arranged in the branch circuit, thereby reducing the current in the branch circuit and avoiding the damage of the MOSFET control circuit due to the overlarge current.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and the third ideal diode is arranged between the tact switch and the microcontroller and is used for preventing the microcontroller from generating current backflow to the MOSFET control circuit.
In the embodiment of the invention, the third ideal diode is arranged between the tact switch and the microcontroller, so that the situation that the current flows backwards to the MOSFET control circuit due to the higher potential at the microcontroller in the shutdown process of the tact switch is avoided.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, including: any embodiment of the invention provides a switching circuit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power on/off circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power management module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power management module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a power management module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power management module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Currently, lithium batteries are widely used in various terminal devices due to their excellent characteristics, such as fast charging speed and long service life. However, the lithium battery itself also has a certain defect that if the lithium battery is not charged for a long time, the electric quantity of the lithium battery itself will be continuously consumed, and once the lithium battery itself is in an over-discharge state (i.e., the electric quantity stored in the lithium battery itself is exhausted), the lithium battery cannot be normally charged. Usually, when the terminal device is in a power-on state, a user can easily detect the electricity consumption condition of the lithium battery, and when the electricity consumption of the lithium battery is low, the lithium battery is charged in time. However, if the terminal device is in a shutdown state, the user cannot know the electricity consumption of the lithium battery, and if the terminal device is not used for a long time, the electricity of the lithium battery is likely to be exhausted, so that normal charging cannot be performed.
In the prior art, a lithium battery power supply is mainly managed in two ways. First, the lithium battery power supply is managed through a mechanical switch. The mode can meet the normal on-off requirement of the terminal equipment, and can thoroughly cut off the connection between the lithium battery power supply and the external circuit when the terminal equipment is in the off state, so that the electric quantity loss of the lithium battery power supply is reduced as much as possible when the terminal equipment is in the off state. Secondly, the lithium battery power supply is managed through the low-power processor, and although the normal on-off requirement of the terminal equipment can be met, when the terminal equipment is in the off state, the low-power processor needs to be in the working state. If the lithium battery power supply is forcibly disconnected from the low-power-consumption processor, the low-power-consumption processor cannot detect any operation of the user due to the loss of power supply, for example, the power-on operation of the user, so that the terminal equipment cannot be normally powered on.
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a power on/off circuit, which is suitable for a miniaturized terminal device and can reduce power consumption of the terminal device in a power off state on the premise of ensuring a normal power on/off function of the terminal device.
The switching circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. Referring to fig. 1, a power on/off circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
the power supply comprises a switch module 101, a power management module 102, a microcontroller 103 and a main circuit module 104, wherein the output end of the switch module 101 is respectively connected with a first input end of the microcontroller 103 and a first input end of the power management module 102, a second input end of the power management module 102 is connected with a first output end of the microcontroller 103, a third input end of the power management module 102 is connected with a second output end of the microcontroller 103, a first output end of the power management module 102 is connected with a second input end of the microcontroller 103, and a third output end of the microcontroller 103 is connected with a first input end of the main circuit module 104; the microcontroller 103 is powered by the power management module 102 and controls the main circuit module 104 to be in a power-on state; the switch module 101 generates different control signals based on different pressing durations;
the switch module 101 is configured to receive a first pressing operation from a user and generate a first signal according to the first pressing operation;
the microcontroller 103 sets the main circuit module 104 to a power-down state according to the first signal, and sends a second signal to the power management module 102, wherein the second signal is used for disconnecting the power management module 102 from the microcontroller 103;
the switch module 101 is configured to receive a second pressing operation from the user, and generate a third signal within a duration of the second pressing operation, where pressing durations corresponding to the first pressing operation and the second pressing operation are different;
the power management module 102 supplies power to the microcontroller 103 according to the third signal;
the powered microcontroller 103 periodically generates a fourth signal, and sets the main circuit module 104 to be in a powered-on state, where the fourth signal is used to control the power management module 102 to continue to supply power to the microcontroller 103 after the second pressing operation is cancelled.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in an initial state, the power management module 102 supplies power to the microcontroller 103, and the microcontroller 103 controls the main circuit module 104 to be powered on. That is, after the main circuit module 104 is successfully powered on, the terminal device carrying the switch circuit can be considered to be in the on state. Then, the user may perform a pressing operation on the switch module 101, and it should be understood that a corresponding relationship between the pressing time duration of the switch module 101 and the triggered signal is pre-established in the on/off circuit, for example, a preset first signal corresponding to 3s of continuous pressing on the switch module 101, so that by detecting the time duration of the current pressing operation, for example, the current pressing operation is a first pressing operation, and the time duration of the first pressing operation is 3s, it may be determined that the signal output by the current switch module 101 is the first signal. Microcontroller 103 responds to the first signal and sets main circuit module 104 to a power down state. That is, when the main circuit module 104 is in a power-off state, the terminal device carrying the switch-on/off circuit may be considered to be in a power-off state. The microcontroller 103 and the power management module 102 are still connected at this time, which means that even if the terminal device is in the power-off state, the microcontroller 103 will continue to consume the power of the power management module 102 because the microcontroller 103 is still in the operating state. The microcontroller 103 may output a control signal to the power management module 102 at this time, for example, the microcontroller 103 outputs a second signal to the power management module 102, and sets the inside of the power management module 102 to a non-conducting state through the second signal. That is, the second signal can disconnect the power management module 102 and the microcontroller 103, and then the microcontroller 103 is in a power-down state, and the power consumption of the power management module 102 is no longer consumed, so that the problem of reducing the power consumption of the power management module 102 when the terminal device is in a power-off state is solved.
In the above process, after the terminal device is in the shutdown state, the power management module 102 is disconnected from the microcontroller 103, so that the effect of reducing the power consumption of the power management module 102 in the shutdown state of the terminal device is achieved, but it is required to ensure that the power on/off circuit can be used for normally powering on the terminal device.
For example, if the preset duration of pressing the switch module 101 for 1s corresponds to a third signal, the switch module 101 may detect the duration of the current pressing operation, for example, if the current pressing operation is the second pressing operation and the duration of the second pressing operation is 1s, it may be determined that the signal output by the switch module 101 is the third signal. The power management module 102 is responsive to the third signal to provide power to the microcontroller 103. Considering that the third signal is only valid for the duration of the second pressing operation, and once the second pressing operation is cancelled, the microcontroller 103 will power down again, so that the microcontroller 103 can send a control signal to the power management module 102 after power-up. For example, the microcontroller 103 sends a fourth signal to the power management module 102, by means of which the power management module 102 can be controlled in reverse, i.e. after the second pressing operation is deactivated, the power management module 102 can still supply power to the microcontroller 103. Once the microcontroller 103 obtains continuous power supply, the main circuit module 104 may be set to a power-on state, that is, when the main circuit module 104 is in the power-on state, the terminal device carrying the switch-on/off circuit may be considered to be turned on.
Considering that the terminal device is in the power-off state, the power management module 102 is already disconnected from the microcontroller 103, i.e. the microcontroller 103 is in the power-down state. Then it is necessary for the boot process after shutdown to no longer rely directly on the microcontroller 103 to detect the user's boot operation. However, the power management module 102 still has power inside, so the power management module 102 can complete the boot process of the terminal device.
Based on the description of the functional implementation of the power management module 102, the power management module 102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by the following sub-modules, which may specifically include: referring to fig. 2, the first power supply channel includes a lithium battery 1021 and a MOSFET control circuit 1022 which are connected in sequence, an output end of the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is connected to a second input end of the microcontroller 103, and the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is in a non-conducting state when the main circuit module 104 is in a power-down state.
Considering that the lithium battery 1021 serves as a power source of the entire terminal device, it still has power when the terminal device is in a power-off state. Since one end of the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is connected to the lithium battery 1021 and the other end is connected to the second input terminal of the microcontroller 103. Therefore, during the power-on process, only the conducting state of the MOSFET control circuit 1022 needs to be changed, that is, the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is switched from the original non-conducting state to the conducting state, and then the microcontroller 103 can obtain power supply through the MOSFET control circuit 1022.
In one possible implementation, the input terminal of the MOSFET control circuit 1022 may be connected to the output terminal of the switch module 101, so that the MOSFET control circuit 1022 may receive the third signal from the output of the switch module 101. The MOSFET control circuit 1022 can be switched on by this third signal, i.e. the first supply channel is switched on, and the microcontroller 103 can be supplied with power on the basis of the first supply channel. That is, after the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is turned on, the lithium battery 1021 can supply power to the microcontroller 103 through the turned-on MOSFET control circuit 1022.
Considering that the third signal is generated only during the second pressing operation duration of the user, the microcontroller 103 is powered off again when the second pressing operation is cancelled by the user and the third signal disappears. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the microcontroller 103 can be continuously powered by means of feedback control.
As a possible implementation, the microcontroller 103 may periodically send a fourth signal to the input of the MOSFET control circuit 1022 after power up. The input terminal of the MOSFET control circuit 1022 can keep itself in the on state continuously by receiving the fourth signal, so that the first power-on channel can stably supply power to the microcontroller 103. That is, as long as the fourth signal is present, even if the user cancels the second pressing operation, the power supply to the microcontroller 103 is not affected.
It should be understood that the third signal (from the second pressing operation of the switch module 101 by the user) and the fourth signal (from the microcontroller 103) in the above process are both from different sources, but are used to turn on the MOSFET control circuit 1022, and the fourth signal should be of the same type as the third signal. For example, when the input terminal of the MOSFET control circuit 1022 inputs a low level, the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is turned on, and then the third signal output by the switch module 101 should be a low level, and the fourth signal continuously output by the microcontroller 103 should also be a low level; similarly, when the input terminal of the MOSFET control circuit 1022 inputs a high level, the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is turned on, and then the third signal output by the switch module 101 should be a high level, and the fourth signal continuously output by the microcontroller 103 should also be a high level. The type of conduction level of the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is not particularly limited in this application.
It is considered that the microcontroller 103 can set the main circuit module 104 to a power-on state after stable power supply, i.e. the terminal device is powered on. However, after the terminal device is turned on, the user may perform various operations with respect to the terminal device, for example, play a large game through the terminal device, thereby causing a serious power consumption of the terminal device. Then it can be considered that the user needs to bear a large load when playing a large game for the power management module 102. However, the MOSFET control circuit 1022 cannot be used to carry a large load due to its own characteristics. Then, in order to enable the power management module 102 to carry a larger load after the terminal device is powered on, so as to meet the heavy usage of the terminal device by the user, another power channel may be designed in the power management module 102, and the power channel can carry a larger load than the first power channel. The power supply channel where the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is located is only used during the power-on process, and once the microcontroller 103 can stably supply power, the power supply channel can be switched to another power supply channel.
In a possible embodiment, the power management module 102 further includes a second power supply channel, please refer to fig. 3, the second power supply channel includes a lithium battery 1021 and a charge and discharge control circuit 1023, an output end of the charge and discharge control circuit 1023 is connected to a second input end of the microcontroller 103 and a second input end of the main circuit module 104, an input end of the charge and discharge control circuit 1023 is connected to a second output end of the microcontroller 103, and the charge and discharge control circuit 1023 is also in a non-conducting state when the main circuit module 104 is in a power-down state.
It is considered that one end of the charge and discharge control circuit 1023 is connected to the lithium battery 1021 and the other end is connected to the second input terminal of the microcontroller 103. Therefore, in the process of switching the power supply channel, on one hand, the conducting state of the charge and discharge control circuit 1023 needs to be changed, that is, the charge and discharge control circuit 1023 is switched from the original non-conducting state to the conducting state; on the other hand, the fourth signal needs to be cancelled, so that the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is switched from conduction to non-conduction, thereby completing the switching of the power supply channel.
In one possible embodiment, on the one hand, the microcontroller 103 may send a control signal to the charge and discharge control circuit 1023. For example, the microcontroller 103 sends a fifth signal to the charge and discharge control circuit 1023, and based on the fifth signal, the charge and discharge control circuit 1023 can be turned on, that is, the second power supply channel formed by the lithium battery 1021 and the charge and discharge control circuit 1023 is turned on; on the other hand, the microcontroller 103 may cancel the fourth signal continuously transmitted to the MOSFET control circuit 1022, that is, the microcontroller 103 stops continuously transmitting the fourth signal to the MOSFET control circuit 1022, and once the MOSFET control circuit 1022 cannot continuously receive the fourth signal, the MOSFET control circuit 1022 changes from the conduction state to the non-conduction state, that is, the first power supply channel formed by the lithium battery 1021 and the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is switched to the non-conduction state.
Through the above process, the first power supply channel is switched to the second power supply channel inside the power management module 102, so that the microcontroller 103 and the main circuit module 104 can be simultaneously powered based on the second power supply channel. That is, the lithium battery 1021 supplies power to the microcontroller 103 and the main circuit module 104 through the charge/discharge control circuit 1023 in a conductive state.
Considering that the lithium battery 1021 is used for supplying power for either the first power supply channel during the power-on process or the second power supply channel after the power-on process, there may be a case that the output voltage of the lithium battery 1021 is not consistent with the actual operating voltage of the microcontroller 103, for example, the output voltage of the lithium battery 1021 is greater than the actual operating voltage of the microcontroller 103, so that the microcontroller 103 is damaged. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the power management module 102 may include a voltage reduction device, and the voltage reduction device is used to reduce the voltage actually output by the lithium battery 1021 and output the reduced voltage to the microcontroller 103.
As a possible implementation manner, referring to fig. 4, the power management module 102 further includes a voltage regulator 1024, an input terminal of the voltage regulator 1024 is connected to an output terminal of the MOSFET control circuit 1022 and an output terminal of the charge and discharge control circuit 1023, and an output terminal of the voltage regulator 1024 is connected to a second input terminal of the microcontroller 103. That is to say, the output end of the first power supply channel and the output end of the second power supply channel are both connected to the input end of the voltage stabilizer 1024, and then the output voltage after voltage reduction processing by the voltage stabilizer 1024 is equal to the working voltage of the microcontroller 103.
For example, the output voltage of the lithium battery 1021 is usually 3.7V, and the working voltage of the microcontroller 103 is 3V, so that the output voltage of the lithium battery 1021 can be reduced from 3.7V to 3V by the voltage regulator 1024, and the microcontroller 103 is in a normal working state.
Consider that there are two power supply channels inside the power management module 102, namely a first power supply channel and a second power supply channel, and only one power supply channel between the first power supply channel and the second power supply channel is in a conducting state at the same time. For example, in the process of starting up, the first power supply channel is in conduction, and the second power supply channel is not in conduction; after the power is turned on, the first power supply channel is not conducted, and the second power supply channel is conducted. For the case that the first power supply channel is turned on and the second power supply channel is not turned on, the potential at the voltage regulator 1024 is lower than the potential at the MOSFET control circuit 1022 but higher than the potential at the charge and discharge control circuit 1023, that is, when the first power supply channel is turned on, the current in the voltage regulator 1024 may flow back into the second power supply channel due to the potential difference, that is, the current flowing backward in the second power supply channel occurs. Similarly, for the situation that the first power supply channel is not conducted and the second power supply channel is conducted, the first power supply channel may also have a current backflow problem.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the power management module 102 further includes a first ideal diode 1025 and a second ideal diode 1026. The above-mentioned potential problem of current back-flow can be avoided by using the unidirectional conductivity of an ideal diode.
In one possible implementation, referring to fig. 5, a first ideal diode 1025 is disposed between the MOSFET control circuit 1022 and the voltage regulator 1024, and a second ideal diode 1026 is disposed between the charge and discharge control circuit 1023 and the voltage regulator 1024. Therefore, no matter which power supply channel is conducted, even if the potential of the power supply channel which is conducted is higher, current cannot flow backward into the other non-conducted power supply channel due to the existence of the ideal diode, and further damage to devices in the power supply channel due to the backward flow of the current is avoided. Specifically, the first ideal diode 1025 can prevent the current from flowing backwards to the first power supply channel when the second power supply channel is turned on, and the second ideal diode 1026 can prevent the current from flowing backwards to the second power supply channel when the first power supply channel is turned on.
Considering that the conventional mechanical switch cannot be applied to a miniaturized terminal device due to its large size, the miniaturized switch may be selected in the embodiment of the present application, and in one possible implementation, the switch module 101 may be a tact switch.
Considering that when the switch module 101 controls the power-on process of the terminal device based on the third signal, the MOSFET control circuit 1022 in the power management module 102 is turned on after receiving the third signal, that is, at this time, the lithium battery 1021, the MOSFET control circuit 1022, and the tact switch module 101 form a branch, so that a part of devices may be damaged due to a large current in the branch, and at this time, the current of the branch needs to be controlled within a reasonable range.
In a possible implementation manner, a resistor may be disposed between the switch module 101 and the power management module 102, that is, a resistor is disposed between the tact switch and the MOSFET control circuit 1022, and a resistance value of the resistor is set according to actual conditions, where no particular limitation is imposed on the resistance value of the resistor, so as to ensure that a current of a branch formed by the lithium battery 1021, the MOSFET control circuit 1022, and the switch module 101 is controlled within a reasonable range, so as to prevent a device in the branch from being damaged.
Considering that the switching module 101 controls the shutdown process of the terminal device based on the first signal, since the microcontroller 103 is powered by the second power supply channel at this time, the charging and discharging control circuit 1023 is in a conductive state, while the MOSFET control circuit 1022 located in the first power supply channel is in a non-conductive state, and the microcontroller 103 is in a power-on state. Then in the branch formed by the MOSFET control circuit 1022, the switching module 101 and the microcontroller 103, the potential at the microcontroller 103 is higher than the potential at the MOSFET control circuit 1022, and then a problem of back-flow of current between the switching module 101 and the microcontroller 103 may occur to the MOSFET control circuit 1022, so that the MOSFET control circuit 1022 is damaged. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, a unidirectional conducting device may be disposed between the switch module 101 and the microcontroller 103, so as to prevent the current from flowing backwards.
In one possible embodiment, a third ideal diode may be disposed between the tact switch 101 and the microcontroller 103, and by using the unidirectional conductivity of the third ideal diode, the current flowing between the tact switch 101 and the microcontroller 103 to the MOSFET control circuit 1022 during shutdown may be prevented, thereby protecting the MOSFET control circuit 1022.
In addition, the power on/off circuit provided in the embodiment of the present invention may also manage a charging process of the terminal device in a power off state.
Specifically, the charging and discharging control circuit 1023 is internally provided with an interface for charging, for example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, and after the external charging device is inserted into the USB interface, the charging and discharging control circuit 1023 which is originally in a non-conductive state is turned on again after receiving the input voltage signal, so that the second power supply channel is also turned on, and then the lithium battery 1021 can supply power to the microcontroller 103 through the turned-on charging and discharging control circuit 1023. After the microcontroller 103 is powered on, the internal state of the charge and discharge control circuit 1023 can be detected through I2C (inter-integrated circuit) communication, and the charging process of the lithium battery 1021 can be managed according to actual requirements. For example, the microcontroller 103 may first control the lithium battery 1021 to perform constant voltage charging, and switch to constant current charging until the electric quantity of the lithium battery 1021 reaches a preset value. The process of the microcontroller 103 performing the charge management on the lithium battery 1021 is not particularly limited.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, where the terminal device includes the switching circuit provided in any embodiment of the present invention. The terminal device may be: smart phones (such as Android phones and IOS phones), tablet computers, notebook computers, palmtop computers, wearable smart devices, and other electronic devices. Other electronic devices are also possible, and the type of terminal device is not particularly limited here.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims (7)

1. A power on/off circuit, comprising: the output end of the switch module is respectively connected with a first input end of the microcontroller and a first input end of the power management module, the first input end of the power management module is connected with a first output end of the microcontroller, a second input end of the power management module is connected with a second output end of the microcontroller, the first output end of the power management module is connected with the second input end of the microcontroller, and a third output end of the microcontroller is connected with the first input end of the main circuit module; the microcontroller is powered by the power management module and controls the main circuit module to be in a power-on state; the switch module generates different control signals based on different pressing time lengths;
the switch module is used for receiving a first pressing operation from a user and generating a first signal according to the first pressing operation;
the microcontroller sets the main circuit module to be in a power-down state according to the first signal and sends a second signal to the power management module, wherein the second signal is used for disconnecting the power management module from the microcontroller;
the switch module is used for receiving a second pressing operation from a user and generating a third signal within the duration of the second pressing operation, wherein the pressing time lengths corresponding to the first pressing operation and the second pressing operation are different;
the power supply management module supplies power to the microcontroller according to the third signal;
the powered microcontroller periodically generates a fourth signal and sets the main circuit module to be in a powered-on state, wherein the fourth signal is used for controlling the power management module to continuously supply power to the microcontroller after the second pressing operation is cancelled;
the power management module comprises a first power supply channel and a second power supply channel;
the first power supply channel comprises a lithium battery and an MOSFET control circuit which are sequentially connected, the output end of the MOSFET control circuit is connected with the second input end of the microcontroller, and the MOSFET control circuit is in a non-conducting state when the main circuit module is in a power-down state;
the MOSFET control circuit is connected with the output end of the switch module and used for receiving the third signal so as to enable the MOSFET control circuit to be conducted within the duration time of the second pressing operation; the MOSFET control circuit is connected with the first output end of the microcontroller and is used for receiving a fourth signal, the fourth signal is used for enabling the MOSFET control circuit to be conducted after the second pressing operation is cancelled, and the type of the fourth signal is the same as that of the third signal;
the lithium battery supplies power to the microcontroller through the MOSFET control circuit in a conducting state;
the second power supply channel comprises the lithium battery and a charge and discharge control circuit which are sequentially connected, the output end of the charge and discharge control circuit is respectively connected with the second input end of the microcontroller and the second input end of the main circuit module, the input end of the charge and discharge control circuit is connected with the second output end of the microcontroller, and the charge and discharge control circuit is in a non-conducting state when the main circuit module is in a power failure state;
the microcontroller sends a fifth signal to the charge and discharge control circuit and cancels the fourth signal, the fifth signal is used for enabling the charge and discharge control circuit to be conducted again and switching a power supply channel from the first power supply channel to the second power supply channel, and the load value allowed to be borne by the second power supply channel is larger than the load value allowed to be borne by the first power supply channel;
the lithium battery supplies power to the microcontroller and the main circuit module through the charge and discharge control circuit in a conducting state.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the power management module further comprises:
the input of stabiliser respectively with MOSFET control circuit's output and charge and discharge control circuit's output is connected, the output of stabiliser with microcontroller's second input is connected, be used for with the original voltage step-down of lithium cell extremely microcontroller's operating voltage.
3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the power management module further comprises:
the first ideal diode is arranged between the MOSFET control circuit and the voltage stabilizer, and the second ideal diode is arranged between the charge-discharge control circuit and the voltage stabilizer, the first ideal diode is used for preventing the first power supply channel from generating current backflow when the second power supply channel is conducted, and the second ideal diode is used for preventing the second power supply channel from generating current backflow when the first power supply channel is conducted.
4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein the switch module is a tact switch.
5. The circuit of claim 4, further comprising:
and the resistor is arranged between the tact switch and the MOSFET control circuit and is used for reducing the current of a branch circuit formed by the lithium battery, the MOSFET control circuit and the tact switch.
6. The circuit of claim 5, further comprising:
and the third ideal diode is arranged between the tact switch and the microcontroller and is used for preventing the microcontroller from generating current backflow to the MOSFET control circuit.
7. A terminal device, characterized in that the terminal device comprises a circuit according to any of claims 1-6.
CN202110228898.8A 2020-10-15 2021-03-02 Startup and shutdown circuit Active CN112600283B (en)

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CN105743476A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-07-06 广东宝莱特医用科技股份有限公司 Turn-on and turn-off circuit
JP6108710B2 (en) * 2012-08-06 2017-04-05 キヤノン株式会社 Information processing apparatus, information processing apparatus control method, and program

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JP6108710B2 (en) * 2012-08-06 2017-04-05 キヤノン株式会社 Information processing apparatus, information processing apparatus control method, and program
CN105743476A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-07-06 广东宝莱特医用科技股份有限公司 Turn-on and turn-off circuit

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