CN112596105A - Seismic wave forward continuation method based on FPGA - Google Patents

Seismic wave forward continuation method based on FPGA Download PDF

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CN112596105A
CN112596105A CN202110017633.3A CN202110017633A CN112596105A CN 112596105 A CN112596105 A CN 112596105A CN 202110017633 A CN202110017633 A CN 202110017633A CN 112596105 A CN112596105 A CN 112596105A
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wave
wave field
fpga
field
calculation
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杨文珺
陆敏旻
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Shanghai Xuehu Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Xuehu Technology Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
    • G01V2210/51—Migration

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil-gas exploration, in particular to a seismic wave forward continuation method based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array). the method comprises the steps of calculating a seismic source wave field, calculating a boundary auxiliary wave field and calculating wave field synthesis, wherein the forward continuation of the seismic source wave field involves absorption boundary calculation and wave equation solution, and the current boundary is selected as PML; the seismic wave forward continuation method based on the FPGA realizes the wave field forward continuation process on the FPGA, can realize that the calculation process does not depend on a CPU, further reduces the time of interaction and data circulation with the CPU, and accelerates the whole calculation process.

Description

Seismic wave forward continuation method based on FPGA
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil-gas exploration, in particular to a seismic wave forward continuation method based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array).
Background
With the continuous deepening of the exploration degree of the oil and gas field, the ordinary method is easy to find that the oil and gas field is almost not left, but the oil and gas resource is a necessary product for modern industry, so that the exploration can be only carried out on regions with complex structures and oceans. The existing imaging method mostly uses a kirchhoff ray method for imaging processing, the searchlightness of the method to a saline structure and a complex geological structure is not enough, and a Reverse Time Migration (RTM) method is used for imaging an underground geological structure. The imaging method is based on the wave equation and solves the acoustic partial differential equation by using a high-order difference equation in a time-space domain, the method can truly simulate the propagation process of waves in the underground, has no inclination angle limitation, is suitable for ocean and complex geological structures, has obvious advantages in the aspect of complex three-dimensional structure imaging, and has higher imaging precision than a ray method, wherein the most important process is a forward continuation process, and a great amount of forward calculation requirements are met in the academic and industrial fields.
The imaging is carried out by using the reverse time migration method in the oil and gas geological exploration process, the solution of the wave equation is involved, the calculated amount in the process is huge, the multi-core multithreading is carried out on the GPU accelerator card in the prior art, and the calculation is greatly improved compared with the traditional CPU calculation.
However, in the current stage, the GPU acceleration card is expensive and high in power consumption, and the existing scheme calls the GPU to perform parallel computation by calling a CUDA platform issued by NVIDIA corporation, but the GPU is implemented as general computation, a large amount of scheduling is performed, only part of the flow of the algorithm is accelerated, and the CPU and the GPU frequently interact with each other, so that the effective computation duty ratio is low, and finally the parallel computation speed is low.
An FPGA (field Programmable Gate array) is a product developed further on the basis of Programmable devices such as PAL, GAL, CPLD and the like, is a semi-custom circuit in the field of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), is a Programmable logic array, and can effectively solve the problem of insufficient Gate circuits of the original devices. The basic structure of the FPGA comprises a programmable input/output unit, a configurable logic block, a digital clock management module, an embedded block RAM, wiring resources, an embedded special hard core and a bottom layer embedded functional unit. The method is based on the customizable and programmable characteristics of the FPGA, equivalent deformation can be made aiming at the algorithm solving process, so that the concurrency performance of an FPGA chip is fully exerted during calculation, the calculation instruction does not need to wait, the calculation of seamless connection is realized in a pipelining mode, the instruction scheduling, instruction execution waiting and data carrying time of traditional Von Neumann architecture chips such as a CPU (central processing unit) and a GPU (graphics processing unit) is saved, the calculating process is greatly accelerated, and the data statistics is more than 5 times faster than that of a homovalent GPU and more than one hundred times faster than that of the CPU.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical problems, the invention provides a seismic wave forward continuation method based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array), which utilizes the hardware characteristic of the FPGA, realizes the forward continuation process, reasonably splits and combines the calculation process, calculates the data in a running water mode, fully utilizes hardware resources, and is faster and lower in power consumption under the same precision compared with the traditional GPU (graphics processing unit) scheme.
The technical scheme utilizes the hardware characteristic of the FPGA, realizes the timing continuation process, and reasonably splits and combines the calculation process, thereby achieving the purpose of calculating data in a running water mode, fully utilizing hardware resources, and being faster and lower in power consumption under the same precision compared with the traditional GPU scheme.
An FPGA-based seismic wave forward continuation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: transmitting corresponding coordinate data to be calculated into an FPGA chip from a storage medium, reading the data from a memory by the FPGA chip to wait for calculation signals in the chip, wherein the corresponding coordinate data comprises a seismic source wave field W, a velocity model V and an initial wave field P0Initial auxiliary wavefield B0；
Step S2: after receiving the calculation signal, the seismic source wave field W, the velocity model V and the initial auxiliary wave field B are processed0And an initial wavefield P0Carrying out sequential assembly;
step S3: at the initial wavefield P0Adding wavelet value to corresponding coordinate of wavelet;
step S4: solving the wave equation by using a differential equation mode, and initiating an auxiliary wave field B through a speed model V0Initial wave field P0Forming data required by calculation of the current time slice;
step S5: solving the initial auxiliary wave field according to a wave equation introducing PML boundary calculation to obtain a boundary auxiliary wave field B at the next momentt+1；
Step S6: computing the wavefield P at the current time using the assembled datatAnd storing the wave field P of the final result at the current momentt；
Step S7: repeating the steps S2 to S6 to obtain the wave field P at the final moment(nmax)。
The seismic wave forward continuation method based on the FPGA is characterized in that a wave field P is formed(nmax)And taking out the wave field from the FPGA memory, and storing the wave field in a storage medium in an upper computer, wherein the obtained result is the wave field timing continuation result.
The seismic wave forward continuation method based on the FPGA is characterized in that the wave equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002887550120000031
p (x, y, z, t) is the wave field
v (x, y, z) is the medium velocity
The seismic wave forward continuation method based on the FPGA is characterized in that the differential equation mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0002887550120000032
wherein M is the order.
The seismic wave forward continuation method based on the FPGA is characterized in that a wave equation for PML boundary calculation is introduced as follows:
Figure BDA0002887550120000033
Figure BDA0002887550120000041
Figure BDA0002887550120000042
Figure BDA0002887550120000043
the technical scheme has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the seismic wave forward continuation method based on the FPGA realizes the wave field forward continuation process on the FPGA, can realize that the calculation process does not depend on a CPU, further reduces the time of interaction and data circulation with the CPU, and accelerates the whole calculation process.
Drawings
The invention and its features, aspects and advantages will become more apparent from reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are flow charts of the method calculations of the present invention;
wherein Pn in the figure: current time-sliced wavefield data; pn-1: time-sliced wavefield data; v: a velocity parameter field; wm: a difference coefficient; pn + 1: slicing the wavelength data at a later time; b: an auxiliary wavefield; dx: attenuation coefficient on the x component; dy: attenuation coefficient on the y-component; dz: attenuation coefficient on the z-component.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the wave field forward continuation flow includes three steps, namely, calculation of a seismic source wave field, calculation of a boundary auxiliary wave field, and calculation of wave field synthesis, wherein the forward continuation of the seismic source wave field involves absorption boundary calculation and wave equation solution, and a current boundary is selected as PML; the main continuation method probably includes preparing data according to the calculation equation, calculating the source wave field according to the Ricker wavelet, and then calculating the boundary auxiliary wave field, wave field PtUp to a maximum value.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps of S1: transmitting corresponding coordinate data to be calculated into an FPGA chip from a storage medium, reading the data from a memory by the FPGA chip to wait for calculation signals in the chip, wherein the corresponding coordinate data comprises a seismic source wave field W, a velocity model V and an initial wave field P0Initial auxiliary wavefield B0；
Step S2: after receiving the calculation signal, the seismic source wave field W, the velocity model V and the initial auxiliary wave field B are processed0And an initial wavefield P0Carrying out sequential assembly;
step S3: at the initial wavefield P0Adding wavelet value to corresponding coordinate of wavelet;
step S4: solving the wave equation by using a differential equation mode, and initiating an auxiliary wave field B through a speed model V0Initial wave field P0Forming data required by calculation of the current time slice;
step S5: solving the initial auxiliary wave field according to a wave equation introducing PML boundary calculation to obtain a boundary auxiliary wave field B at the next momentt+1；
Step S6: computing the wavefield P at the current time using the assembled datatAnd storing the wave field P of the final result at the current momentt；
Step S7: repeating the steps S2 to S6 to obtain the wave field P at the final moment(nmax). Preferably, the wave field P(nmax)And taking out the wave field from the FPGA memory, and storing the wave field in a storage medium in an upper computer, wherein the obtained result is the wave field timing continuation result.
Preferably, the wave equation is:
Figure BDA0002887550120000051
p (x, y, z, t) is the wave field
v (x, y, z) is the medium velocity
The difference equation mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0002887550120000061
wherein M is the order.
The wave equation for introducing the PML boundary calculation is:
Figure BDA0002887550120000062
Figure BDA0002887550120000063
Figure BDA0002887550120000064
Figure BDA0002887550120000065
those skilled in the art will appreciate that those skilled in the art can implement the modifications in combination with the prior art and the above embodiments, and the details are not described herein. Such variations do not affect the essence of the present invention and are not described herein.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, in that devices and structures not described in detail are understood to be implemented in a manner common in the art; those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments, without affecting the spirit of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above, without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.

Claims (5)

1. An FPGA-based seismic wave forward continuation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: transmitting corresponding coordinate data to be calculated into an FPGA chip from a storage medium, reading the data from a memory by the FPGA chip to wait for calculation signals in the chip, wherein the corresponding coordinate data comprises a seismic source wave field W, a velocity model V and an initial wave field P0Initial auxiliary wavefield B0；
Step S2: after receiving the calculation signal, the seismic source wave field W, the velocity model V and the initial auxiliary wave field B are processed0And an initial wavefield P0Carrying out sequential assembly;
step S3: at the initial wavefield P0Adding wavelet value to corresponding coordinate of wavelet;
step S4: solving the wave equation by using a differential equation mode, and initiating an auxiliary wave field B through a speed model V0Initial wave field P0Forming data required by calculation of the current time slice;
step S5: solving the initial auxiliary wave field according to a wave equation introducing PML boundary calculation to obtain a boundary auxiliary wave field B at the next momentt+1；
Step S6: computing the wavefield P at the current time using the assembled datatAnd storing the wave field P of the final result at the current momentt；
Step S7: repeating the steps S2 to S6 to obtain the wave field P at the final moment(nmax)。
2. The FPGA-based seismic wave forward continuation method of claim 1, characterized in that a wave field P is formed(nmax)And taking out the wave field from the FPGA memory, and storing the wave field in a storage medium in an upper computer, wherein the obtained result is the wave field timing continuation result.
3. The FPGA-based seismic wave forward continuation method of claim 1, wherein the wave equation is as follows:
Figure FDA0002887550110000011
p (x, y, z, t) is the wave field
v (x, y, z) is the medium velocity.
4. The FPGA-based seismic wave forward continuation method of claim 3, wherein the difference equation mode is as follows:
Figure FDA0002887550110000021
wherein M is the order.
5. The FPGA-based seismic wave forward continuation method of claim 4, wherein the wave equation introduced into the PML boundary calculation is as follows:
Figure FDA0002887550110000022
Figure FDA0002887550110000023
Figure FDA0002887550110000024
Figure FDA0002887550110000025
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