CN112593926A - Method and system for measuring cementing quality of cased well by using SH wave - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring cementing quality of cased well by using SH wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for measuring cementing quality of a cased well by using SH waves. The method comprises the following steps: pushing a transmitting probe against the wall of a well in a cased well, and exciting SH waves on the inner wall of the casing through the transmitting probe; pushing a receiving probe against the well wall at a set source distance position, and receiving the SH waves in the casing along the circumferential direction through the receiving probe; judging whether the amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value or not; if so, indicating that the cementing quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor; if not, the cementing quality of the interface I and the interface II is good; when the bonding quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor, acquiring a dispersion curve through a plurality of receiving waveforms; and determining an interface cementation quality result according to the shape and the number of the dispersion curves, wherein the interface cementation quality result is that the interface cementation quality I is poor and the interface cementation quality II is poor. The invention directly measures the SH wave of the inner wall of the casing and is sensitive to water layers on the interface I and the interface II of the cased well, thereby being capable of accurately and effectively measuring and evaluating the well cementation quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cased well cementing quality measurement, in particular to a method and a system for measuring cased well cementing quality by using SH (shear) waves.
Background
In the process of petroleum exploration and development, well cementation needs to be carried out on a drilled underground casing, and the casing and a stratum are cemented together. The quality of the cementing quality of the well cementation has important significance on the production of crude oil. The detection of well cementation quality is only acoustic amplitude and variable density logging and SBT logging at present. Wherein the sound amplitude and variable density logging evaluates the well cementation quality by measuring the casing wave amplitude excited by the centered sound source. This presupposes that the instrument needs to be centered and that the frequency range excited by the transmitting probe in the instrument must be within the frequency range in which the casing wave is present. The first condition is realized by adding a centralizer, the second condition has no uniform standard, and the frequency range excited by each instrument manufacturer and the transmitting probes of various transducer structures is greatly different. The result is measured by one instrument of the prior acoustic amplitude and variable density well logging, no comparability exists between the instruments, and meanwhile, the judgment of whether the casing wave is measured or not can not be carried out. Because the evaluation criterion of the cementing quality is the amplitude of the casing wave, one takes the amplitude of the measured waveform (usually the head wave) as the evaluation criterion at a specific time (i.e., the time from the casing wave propagation to the source distance at which the casing wave is received) according to the result of geometric acoustics. The wave acoustic conclusions inform that the excitation of the casing wave is also closely related to the frequency. The amplitude is large at some frequencies and small at some frequencies; in the case of slot crossing, some frequencies increase in amplitude and some decrease in amplitude. In actual production, the casing wave is not excited by the instrument at all, the amplitude of the measured waveform is very small at the specific time, and the casing wave amplitude is still very small due to serious string grooves. The well section to be measured is judged to be well-cementing quality and cementing quality according to the amplitude of the head wave, and the well-cementing quality is not actually measured. This condition can result in a large amount of water being produced after perforation due to the string of slots. Such instances are common in various oil fields throughout the country, seriously affecting normal oil field production, and particularly occurring more and more frequently in key exploratory wells and ultra-deep wells, causing significant errors and economic losses. SBT logging is also a measure of casing waves and has the problem of whether a casing wave is excited in the casing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for measuring cementing quality of a cased well by using SH waves, which can accurately and effectively measure and evaluate the cementing quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method for measuring cementing quality of a cased well by using SH waves comprises the following steps:
pushing a transmitting probe against a well wall in a cased well, and exciting SH waves with consistent vibration amplitude at each azimuth angle on the inner wall of a casing through the transmitting probe along the circumferential direction;
pushing a receiving probe against a well wall at a set source distance position, and receiving SH waves which vibrate along the circumferential direction and propagate along the z direction in a casing through the receiving probe;
judging whether the amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value or not;
if the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value, the cementing quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor;
if the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is smaller than or equal to a set amplitude threshold value, the cementing quality of the interface I and the interface II is good;
when the bonding quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor, processing the received waveforms with a plurality of different source distances by a phase method to obtain a dispersion curve;
and determining an interface cementation quality result according to the shape and the number of the dispersion curves, wherein the interface cementation quality result is that the interface cementation quality I is poor and the interface cementation quality II is poor.
Optionally, determining an interface cementation quality result according to the shape and the number of the dispersion curves, where the interface cementation quality result is that the interface cementation quality of the interface I is poor and the interface cementation quality of the interface II is poor, and specifically includes:
when the dispersion curve only has one straight line passing through the origin and one hyperbolic curve, the I interface cementing quality is poor;
and when the dispersion curve has a plurality of lines, determining that the II interface cementation quality is poor.
Optionally, pushing the transmitting probe against the borehole wall in the cased borehole, and exciting, by the transmitting probe, the SH wave vibrating in the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the casing, where the vibration amplitudes of the azimuths are consistent, specifically includes:
pushing the transmitting vibrators of the plurality of transmitting probes uniformly distributed along the circumference against the inner wall of the casing at the same depth position by using a plurality of pushing arms, and simultaneously exciting to obtain a plurality of axisymmetric vibrations which have the same vibration displacement and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein the axisymmetric vibrations are SH waves, and each transmitting probe comprises a plurality of transmitting vibrators for simultaneously exciting the same vibration displacement.
Optionally, the receiving probes are distributed at different depth positions along the well axis.
A system for measuring cementing quality of cased wells using SH waves, comprising:
the SH wave transmitting module is used for pushing the transmitting probe against a well wall in the cased well, and exciting SH waves with consistent vibration amplitude at each azimuth angle on the inner wall of the casing pipe along the circumferential direction through the transmitting probe;
the SH wave receiving module is used for pushing the receiving probe against the well wall at a set source distance position, receiving the SH wave which is vibrated along the circumferential direction in the sleeve and transmitted along the z direction through the receiving probe;
the judging module is used for judging whether the amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value or not;
the first judgment result determining module is used for determining that the cementing quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor when the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value;
the second judgment result determining module is used for determining that the bonding quality of the interface I and the interface II is good when the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is smaller than or equal to a set amplitude threshold value;
the dispersion curve acquisition module is used for acquiring a dispersion curve when the bonding quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor;
and the interface cementation quality result determining module is used for determining an interface cementation quality result according to the shape and the number of the frequency dispersion curves, wherein the interface cementation quality result is that the interface cementation quality I is poor and the interface cementation quality II is poor.
Optionally, the interface bond quality result determining module specifically includes:
the I interface cementation quality difference determining unit is used for determining the I interface cementation quality difference when the dispersion curve only has one straight line and one hyperbolic curve passing through the origin;
and the interface II cementing quality difference determining unit is used for determining that the interface II cementing quality is poor when the dispersion curve has a plurality of strips.
Optionally, the SH wave transmitting module specifically includes:
and the SH wave transmitting unit is used for pushing the transmitting vibrators of the transmitting probes which are uniformly distributed along the circumference against the inner wall of the sleeve at the same depth position by using a plurality of pushing arms, and simultaneously exciting to obtain a plurality of axisymmetric vibrations which have the same vibration displacement and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein the axisymmetric vibrations are SH waves, and each transmitting probe comprises a plurality of transmitting vibrators for simultaneously exciting the same vibration displacement.
Optionally, the receiving probes are distributed at different depth positions along the well axis.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the present invention no longer makes use of casing waves propagating in the well fluid. And the transmitting probe group is pushed against the inner wall of the casing in the cased well, and the vibration in the axial symmetry circumferential direction is directly excited, namely the SH wave vibrating along the circumferential direction is excited. The wave is only related to the transverse wave velocity of the solid layer, and when no cement is cemented outside the casing, namely no cement solid exists, or the casing and the cement layer are separated by water, the SH wave is only reflected inside the casing to form a mode wave, and the energy cannot be transmitted into the stratum through the coupling of the casing and the cement sheath. Since the energy is not propagated into the formation because it can only be reflected multiple times inside the casing, a very large amplitude casing SH wave is formed on the casing inner wall. The cementing condition of the cementing quality I interface can be effectively evaluated by measuring the SH wave of the casing.
When the interface II is not well cemented, the water layer of the interface II blocks the SH wave and cannot continuously propagate to the stratum, only two layers of media, namely a cement layer and a casing, are left to reflect the SH wave for multiple times, and the SH mode wave formed after reflection is different from the cementing of the interface I and has a plurality of SH mode waves.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cementing quality measurement of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for measuring cementing quality of a cased well by using SH waves according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the circumference of a transmitting probe according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional spectrum of an SH wave received on the casing inner wall when the cased well I interface of the present invention is poorly consolidated;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional spectrum of an SH wave received on the inner wall of a casing when the cased well II interface of the present invention is poorly consolidated;
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional spectrum of SH waves received on the inside wall of a cased well when the cased well of the present invention is well consolidated;
FIG. 7 is a system configuration diagram for measuring cased hole cementing quality using SH waves in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for measuring cementing quality of a cased well by using SH waves, which can accurately and effectively measure and evaluate the cementing quality.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention comprises the following steps: a method for measuring the cementing quality of a cased well by using SH waves applies a device for measuring the cementing quality of the cased well by using SH waves, and figure 2 is a well cementing quality measuring schematic diagram of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus comprises a transmitting probe 1, a receiving probe 2 and a casing 3. The transmitting probe 1 is attached to the well wall, a plurality of transmitting vibrators of the transmitting probe are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, each transmitting vibrator is pressed on the inner wall of the sleeve along the radial direction to excite vibration in the circumferential direction, and all the transmitting vibrators are excited simultaneously. The receiving probes 2 are arranged along the axis, each receiving probe is attached to the well wall, and each receiving probe only needs one receiving vibrator to receive vibration. The transmitting probe 1 and the receiving probe 2 are attached to the inner wall of the casing 3. The circumference of the transmitting probe 1 requires consistent vibration displacement along the circumferential direction of each position of the circumference, and a plurality of transmitting vibrators in the transmitting probe 1 pushed by a plurality of arms are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method for measuring cementing quality of cased wells by using SH waves. As shown in fig. 3, a method for measuring cementing quality of a cased well by using SH wave comprises:
step 101: pushing away against the wall of a well with transmitting probe in the cased well, through transmitting probe arouses on the casing inner wall along the vibration of circumferencial direction, the unanimous SH wave of vibration amplitude of each azimuth, SH wave are the axisymmetric structure, specifically include:
pushing the transmitting vibrators of the plurality of transmitting probes uniformly distributed along the circumference against the inner wall of the casing at the same depth position by using a plurality of pushing arms, and simultaneously exciting to obtain a plurality of axisymmetric vibrations which have the same vibration displacement and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein the axisymmetric vibrations are SH waves, and each transmitting probe comprises a plurality of transmitting vibrators for simultaneously exciting the same vibration displacement.
The vibration along the circumferential direction is excited at equal intervals on the sleeve wall by the transmitting vibrators in the transmitting probe, and the vibration energy excited by each transmitting vibrator is the same, so that an axisymmetric SH wave can be formed in the circumferential direction.
Step 102: pushing a receiving probe against the borehole wall at a set source-range position, and receiving the SH waves in the casing, which vibrate along the circumferential direction and propagate along the z direction, through the receiving probe.
Step 102 also uses a pushing arm to push the receiving probe receiving the circumferential vibration against the inner wall of the casing, so as to receive the circumferential vibration displacement on the inner wall of the casing. This displacement is propagated through the casing wall in the direction of the well axis to the receiving location.
The receiving probes in step 102 are distributed at different depth positions of the well axis at equal intervals, the vertical distances from the transmitting probes are different, and one depth position is provided with one or more receiving probes distributed on the horizontal circumference.
Step 103: and judging whether the amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value.
Step 104: and if the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value, the cementing quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor.
Step 105: and if the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is less than or equal to the set amplitude threshold value, the cementing quality of the interface I and the interface II is good.
When the I, II interface is cemented, excited circumferential vibration energy is coupled into the formation through both interfaces and the amplitude of the received waveform at the receiving location is relatively small. And when the interface I or the interface II is not well cemented, the vibration energy is blocked by a liquid interface generated when the cementation is not good, the vibration energy returns to the cement sheath and the casing pipe, and the amplitude of the received waveform is increased sharply. Therefore, a large amplitude of the received waveform indicates poor cementing quality.
Step 106: and when the bonding quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor, processing the received waveforms with a plurality of different source distances by a phase method to obtain a frequency dispersion curve.
Step 107: determining an interface cementation quality result according to the shape and the number of the dispersion curves, wherein the interface cementation quality result is that the interface cementation quality I is poor and the interface cementation quality II is poor, and the step 107 specifically comprises the following steps:
when the dispersion curve only has one straight line and one hyperbolic curve passing through the origin, the I interface cementing quality is poor;
and when the dispersion curve has a plurality of lines, determining that the II interface cementation quality is poor.
The dispersion curve is in the range of 0 to 300 kHz.
The SH waves used in the present invention are transverse waves, which propagate only in solid media and can be coupled only between solid media: from the casing to the cement sheath and further coupled to the formation. When the I interface is not well cemented and a water layer appears, the SH wave is completely blocked by the water layer and cannot be further coupled and propagated into the cement sheath and the stratum. When the interface II is not well cemented and a water layer appears, the SH wave is completely blocked in the water layer, and is reflected back to the cement ring and the casing pipe, so that the SH wave cannot be coupled to the stratum. Relative to the SV wave utilized in the existing axisymmetric excited amplitude and variable density logging, the SH wave is completely blocked at the position of a water ring, and the energy of the SV wave can still be coupled (through normal displacement and normal stress continuity) in the water layer. Because the water layer is thin, the thickness of the water layer is much less than the wavelength, and therefore the acoustic energy coupled through the ultra-thin water layer to the cement sheath can still be relatively large. Whereas SH waves encounter the water layer and are completely blocked. No vibrational energy is coupled into the water and is therefore extremely sensitive to the presence of the water layer. Compared with the common sound amplitude variable density method, the method has high sensitivity.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the judgment sensitivity on the cementing quality of the well cementation is high. The interface cementing property of the composite material can be effectively displayed regardless of the poor interface cementing property I or the poor interface cementing property II. When the interface II cementation is poor and a water layer exists, the SH wave is completely blocked, energy is only reflected back and forth in the casing and the cement ring and does not enter the stratum, the amplitude received in the well is still large, the dispersion curve is dense and is different from the sparse dispersion curve when the interface I cementation is poor.
2. The inner wall of the sleeve is smooth, the measurement is easy to carry out by sticking the well wall, the continuous measurement is easy to construct, the well cementation quality detection is little influenced by the measuring environment, the waveform amplitude is large, and the measurement precision is high.
3. The well cementation quality evaluation is easy, and the measurement result of a well section of an empty casing is not required to be scaled (acoustic amplitude and variable density well logging requires that data of a well section without complete cementation can be used for evaluating the well cementation quality).
4. Multi-cased wells are also capable of measuring and evaluating the quality of the cemented cement.
5. When a horizontal well or an instrument is seriously eccentric, the effective measurement of the cementing quality of the well cementation can be realized as long as the pushing arm can effectively push the transmitting probe against the well wall. Since instrument eccentricity has little effect on SH wave measurements.
FIG. 7 is a system configuration diagram for measuring cased hole cementing quality using SH waves in accordance with the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, a system for measuring cementing quality of a cased well using SH waves includes:
the SH wave transmitting module 201 is used for pushing the transmitting probe against a well wall in a cased well, and exciting SH waves with consistent vibration amplitude at each azimuth angle on the inner wall of the casing pipe along the circumferential direction through the transmitting probe;
and an SH wave receiving module 202, which is used for pushing the receiving probe against the well wall at the set source distance position, and receiving the SH wave which is vibrated along the circumferential direction and propagates along the z direction in the casing through the receiving probe. The receiving probes are distributed at different depth positions (in the direction of the well axis).
The determining module 203 is configured to determine whether the amplitude of the received SH wave is greater than a set amplitude threshold.
The first determination result determining module 204 is configured to determine that the bonding quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor when the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is greater than a set amplitude threshold.
And a second determination result determining module 205, configured to determine that the bonding quality of the interface I and the interface II is good if the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is less than or equal to the set amplitude threshold.
And the dispersion curve acquisition module 206 is configured to, when the bonding quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor, acquire a dispersion curve by processing waveforms received by a plurality of different source distances through a phase method.
And the interface cementation quality result determining module 207 is used for determining an interface cementation quality result according to the shape and the number of the dispersion curves, wherein the interface cementation quality result is that the interface cementation quality I is poor and the interface cementation quality II is poor.
The interface bond quality result determining module 207 specifically includes:
and the I interface cementation quality difference determining unit is used for determining that the I interface cementation quality is poor when the dispersion curve only has one straight line and one hyperbolic curve passing through the origin.
And the interface II cementing quality difference determining unit is used for determining that the interface II cementing quality is poor when the dispersion curve has a plurality of strips.
The SH wave transmitting module 201 specifically includes:
and the SH wave transmitting unit is used for pushing the transmitting vibrators of the transmitting probes which are uniformly distributed along the circumference against the inner wall of the sleeve at the same depth position by using a plurality of pushing arms, and simultaneously exciting to obtain a plurality of axisymmetric vibrations which have the same vibration displacement and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein the axisymmetric vibrations are SH waves, and each transmitting probe comprises a plurality of transmitting vibrators for simultaneously exciting the same vibration displacement.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a method for measuring cementing quality of a cased well by using an axisymmetrically excited SH wave, which comprises the following steps:
first, an axisymmetric SH wave emitting probe 1 capable of exciting circumferential displacement is pushed against the borehole wall, as shown in fig. 2. The transmitting probe 1 is composed of a plurality of arms, each arm is provided with a shear component excitation vibrator (the polarization direction is along the circumferential direction, the electrode direction is along the radius direction), each excitation vibrator is attached to the inner wall of a sleeve, and the vibration displacement along the circumferential direction is excited on the inner wall of the sleeve. The excited vibrators on all arms are excited simultaneously on the whole circumference 4, a circumferential vibration displacement is generated on the inner wall of the sleeve, as shown by the arrow of the circumference 4, and the displacement excited by each vibrator is the same, so that the vibration displacement along the circumferential direction is independent of the circumferential angle, and axisymmetric vibration displacement along the circumferential direction is formed. The axially symmetric circumferentially induced vibrational displacements thus excited propagate at shear wave velocity in the casing and cement sheath and formation along both radius r and well axis z, are continuous at the interface, and are related only to circumferential tangential stresses, and radial displacements urAnd a displacement u in the z directionzThe main stress in the radial direction is irrelevant, and no coupling relation exists. Such sound waves are calledSH waves, which cannot be coupled through a liquid such as water. When the sleeve meets a water layer, the sleeve is completely blocked, no vibration energy enters into liquid and is reflected back to the steel material in the sleeve, and mode wave propagation is formed in the sleeve.
When the cementing quality of the well cementation is good, the interface of the sleeve and the cement sheath can continuously couple the vibration energy of the SH wave to the cement sheath through shear stress, and the interface of the cement sheath and the stratum can continuously couple the vibration energy of the SH wave to the stratum through shear stress and spread along the directions of z and r. When the interface cementation between the casing and the cement sheath is poor, liquid is usually located at the interface position between the casing and the cement sheath, and SH waves cannot be transmitted in the liquid because only longitudinal waves and no shear stress are transmitted in the liquid, so that the SH waves are reflected back to the inside of the steel pipe at the outer interface of the steel pipe, and the vibration energy of the SH waves is completely blocked by the liquid. At the interface inside the casing, the SH wave cannot enter the well fluid and is reflected again inside the casing. In this way, the SH waves inside the casing reflect back and forth at the inner and outer interfaces of the casing to form mode waves. The amplitude of the mode wave is larger, and when the interface cementation between the casing and the cement sheath is good and the interface cementation between the cement sheath and the stratum is not good, a water layer exists on the interface between the cement sheath and the stratum. At this time, the SH wave is reflected back to the cement sheath at the outer interface of the cement sheath and further passes through the cement sheath into the casing, is reflected back into the casing once again when the inner wall of the casing encounters fluid in the well, and is finally reflected back and forth within the casing and the cement sheath. The propagation medium, which is composed of both the casing and the cement sheath, determines the propagation velocity and amplitude of the SH waves therein. Since the SH wave cannot propagate in the liquid, it cannot be received in the liquid in the well. I.e. it is not possible to measure in the liquid the acoustic waves propagating along the liquid as in ordinary sonic logging. The receiving probe 2 is also attached to the well wall, and the vibration of the inner wall of the casing along the circumferential direction is measured by using the receiving probe made of a transverse wave sheet (the polarization direction of an electrode and a piezoelectric sheet is vertical, the polarization direction is along the circumferential direction, and the electrode is in the radius direction).
Shear stress τ for 5.5 inch casing and 8.5 inch wellrθActing on the inner wall of the casing for the source of the impact, the inner wall of the casing receiving a circumferential displacement uθFIG. 4 is the present inventionA two-dimensional spectrogram of SH waves received on the inner wall of a casing when the I interface of the open casing well is not well consolidated is shown in FIG. 4, and u when the I interface is not well consolidatedθThe frequency band of 100kHz to 200kHz distributes only two mode waves. FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional spectrum of an SH wave received on the inner wall of a casing when the cased well II interface of the present invention is poorly consolidated. As shown in FIG. 5, when the interface II is not well bonded, uθThe frequency band of 100kHz to 200kHz distributes a plurality of mode waves. FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional spectrum of SH waves received on the inside wall of a casing when the cased hole of the present invention is well cemented, as shown in FIG. 6, u when the cased hole is well cementedθThe frequency band of 100kHz to 200kHz is distributed with a plurality of mode waves, the amplitude of the mode waves is small compared with the amplitude of the mode waves when cementation is not good, and the corresponding distribution shape is greatly different from the distribution shape of the mode waves when cementation is not good. In actual measurement, the frequency ranges of the transmitting probe and the receiving probe can be taken to be 100kHz to 200 kHz. Thus, the frequency range of the transmitted sound wave and the received sound wave is between 100kHz and 200kHz, and the dispersion curves obtained by processing the sound waves received from different source distances are only distributed obviously between 100kHz and 200 kHz. And respectively comparing the processed dispersion curves with the dispersion curves of the two-dimensional spectrums under the three conditions of theoretical calculation, and judging the well cementation quality of the cased well to be in the condition by judging the curve shape of which condition is closest to the curve shape of which condition.
The difference of the invention from the original sound wave method is that:
1. the measuring mode is changed, and the acoustic wave propagating along the casing, the cement sheath and the stratum is directly measured. The detection and evaluation of the well cementation quality are not indirectly realized by measuring the coupled sound wave characteristics of the liquid transmission in the well.
2. The cementing quality is measured by exciting transverse waves propagating in the solid, and the cementing quality is measured by utilizing the continuity of vibration and shear stress in the circumferential direction. The shear stress in the liquid is zero, the transverse wave can not be transmitted into the liquid, and the transverse wave energy in the solid is increased when the liquid-solid interface is reflected back to the solid, so that when the interface I or the interface II is not well cemented, the amplitude of SH wave on the inner wall of the casing is obviously increased, and the cementing quality can be judged according to the amplitude.
3. The method is not affected by the borehole to propagation characteristics.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring cementing quality of a cased well by using SH waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pushing a transmitting probe against a well wall in a cased well, and exciting SH waves with consistent vibration amplitude at each azimuth angle on the inner wall of a casing through the transmitting probe along the circumferential direction;
pushing a receiving probe against a well wall at a set source distance position, and receiving SH waves which vibrate along the circumferential direction and propagate along the z direction in a casing through the receiving probe;
judging whether the amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value or not;
if the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value, the cementing quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor;
if the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is smaller than or equal to a set amplitude threshold value, the cementing quality of the interface I and the interface II is good;
when the bonding quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor, processing the received waveforms with a plurality of different source distances by a phase method to obtain a dispersion curve;
and determining an interface cementation quality result according to the shape and the number of the dispersion curves, wherein the interface cementation quality result is that the interface cementation quality I is poor and the interface cementation quality II is poor.
2. The method for measuring the cementing quality of the cased well by using the SH wave according to the claim 1, wherein the interface cementing quality result is determined according to the shape and the number of the dispersion curves, and the interface cementing quality result is the poor interface cementing quality I and the poor interface cementing quality II, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when the dispersion curve only has one straight line passing through the origin and one hyperbolic curve, the I interface cementing quality is poor;
and when the dispersion curve has a plurality of lines, determining that the II interface cementation quality is poor.
3. The method for measuring cementing quality of the cased well cementing according to the SH wave of claim 1, wherein the launching probe is pushed against the well wall in the cased well, the launching probe excites the SH wave on the inner wall of the casing pipe along the circumferential direction, the vibration amplitude of each azimuth angle is consistent, and the SH wave is in an axisymmetric structure, and specifically comprises:
pushing the transmitting vibrators of the plurality of transmitting probes uniformly distributed along the circumference against the inner wall of the casing at the same depth position by using a plurality of pushing arms, and simultaneously exciting to obtain a plurality of axisymmetric vibrations which have the same vibration displacement and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein the axisymmetric vibrations are SH waves, and each transmitting probe comprises a plurality of transmitting vibrators for simultaneously exciting the same vibration displacement.
4. The method for measuring cased hole cementing quality using SH waves of claim 1, wherein the receiving probes are distributed at different depth locations along the well axis.
5. A system for measuring cementing quality of cased wells by using SH waves is characterized by comprising the following components:
the SH wave transmitting module is used for pushing the transmitting probe against a well wall in the cased well, and exciting SH waves with consistent vibration amplitude at each azimuth angle on the inner wall of the casing pipe along the circumferential direction through the transmitting probe;
the SH wave receiving module is used for pushing the receiving probe against the well wall at a set source distance position, receiving the SH wave which is vibrated along the circumferential direction in the sleeve and transmitted along the z direction through the receiving probe;
the judging module is used for judging whether the amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value or not;
the first judgment result determining module is used for determining that the cementing quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor when the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is larger than a set amplitude threshold value;
the second judgment result determining module is used for determining that the bonding quality of the interface I and the interface II is good when the waveform amplitude of the received SH wave is smaller than or equal to a set amplitude threshold value;
the frequency dispersion curve acquisition module is used for processing the received waveforms with different source distances by a phase method to acquire a frequency dispersion curve when the bonding quality of the interface I or the interface II is poor;
and the interface cementation quality result determining module is used for determining an interface cementation quality result according to the shape and the number of the frequency dispersion curves, wherein the interface cementation quality result is that the interface cementation quality I is poor and the interface cementation quality II is poor.
6. The system for measuring cased hole cementing quality by using SH wave according to claim 5, wherein the interface cementing quality result determining module specifically comprises:
the I interface cementation quality difference determining unit is used for determining that the I interface cementation quality difference exists when the dispersion curve only has one straight line and one hyperbolic curve passing through the origin;
and the interface II cementing quality difference determining unit is used for determining that the interface II cementing quality is poor when the dispersion curve has a plurality of strips.
7. The system for measuring cased hole cementing quality by using SH wave according to claim 5, wherein the SH wave transmitting module specifically comprises:
and the SH wave transmitting unit pushes the transmitting vibrators of the transmitting probes uniformly distributed along the circumference against the inner wall of the sleeve at the same depth position by using a plurality of pushing arms, and simultaneously excites to obtain a plurality of axisymmetric vibrations which have the same vibration displacement and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein the axisymmetric vibrations are SH waves, and each transmitting probe comprises a plurality of transmitting vibrators for exciting the same vibration displacement simultaneously.
8. The system for measuring cased hole cementing quality using SH waves of claim 5, wherein the receiving probes are distributed at different depth locations along the well axis.
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