CN112593134B - Niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910009818 Ti3AlC2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
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Abstract
The invention provides a niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of lithium ion battery materials. The niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material comprises two-dimensional layered titanium carbide and niobium loaded on the two-dimensional layered titanium carbide; the molar ratio of the niobium to the titanium in the titanium carbide is 1: (2-9). The niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material is niobium-doped 312-phase Ti3C2The MXene material has obviously improved two-dimensional structure strength of the original MXene, and the specific capacity is approximately kept at 200mAh/g by carrying out a cyclic specific capacity test at a current density of 0.1A/g. The performance remained stable after 500 cycles with less than 5% performance decay. The preparation method of the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material can successfully prepare the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, and has the advantages of simple preparation process and easy operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery materials, in particular to a niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Energy and environmental crisis have prompted people to accelerate the development of green energy sources represented by solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, and the like, which are intermittent energy sources and need to be used in combination with energy storage devices. Lithium ion batteries are widely used in consumer electronics, power storage and large-scale power grids due to their characteristics of high energy density, high power density, high output voltage, no memory effect, etc., wherein the requirements for energy density in the field of power storage are particularly outstanding.
However, the conventional lithium ion battery has poor rate property, so that the service life is short, and the lithium ion battery becomes a short plate of the lithium ion battery. Therefore, development of electrode materials capable of improving the rate capability of lithium batteries is an inevitable direction of development.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, and a preparation method and an application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, which comprises two-dimensional layered titanium carbide and niobium loaded on the two-dimensional layered titanium carbide; the molar ratio of the niobium to the titanium in the titanium carbide is 1: (2-9).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing titanium powder, niobium powder, aluminum powder and carbon powder, and sequentially carrying out pre-pressing forming and spark plasma sintering to obtain niobium-doped Ti3AlC2(ii) a The molar ratio of the titanium powder to the aluminum powder to the carbon powder is 3: 1: 2, the molar ratio of the niobium powder to the titanium powder is 1: (2-9);
doping the niobium with Ti3AlC2And after crushing, etching aluminum by adopting hydrofluoric acid to obtain the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material.
Preferably, the pressure of the pre-pressing forming is 2kN, and the time is 2-5 min.
Preferably, the sintering pressure of the discharge plasma sintering is 10-50 MPa.
Preferably, the temperature of the spark plasma sintering is 1350-1450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-60 min.
Preferably, the vacuum degree of the atmosphere for the discharge plasma sintering is 10 Pa.
Preferably, the rate of temperature increase to the temperature of the spark plasma sintering is 50 ℃/min.
Preferably, the mass fraction of hydrofluoric acid for etching aluminum by hydrofluoric acid is 50%.
The invention also provides the application of the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material in the technical scheme or the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme as a negative electrode material in a lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material is mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride, acetylene black and N-methyl pyrrolidone and then coated on a copper foil; the mass ratio of the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material to the polyvinylidene fluoride to the acetylene black is 8: 1:1.
the invention provides a niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, which comprises two-dimensional layered titanium carbide and niobium loaded on the two-dimensional layered titanium carbide; the molar ratio of the niobium to the titanium in the titanium carbide is 1: (2-9). The niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material is niobium-doped 312-phase Ti3C2MXene material with obviously improved primary 312 phase Ti3C2The MXene has two-dimensional structure strength, the cyclic specific capacity test is carried out at the current density of 0.1A/g, and the specific capacity is approximately kept at 200 mAh/g; the performance remained stable after 500 cycles with less than 5% performance decay.
The invention also provides the niobium-doped two-dimensional layer in the technical schemeThe preparation method of the titanium carbide-like composite material can successfully prepare the niobium-doped 312-phase Ti3C2MXene material; moreover, the preparation method provided by the invention is simple in process and easy to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is (Ti)0.9Nb0.1)3C2A graph of specific capacity and coulombic efficiency at a current density of 0.1A/g;
FIG. 2 is (Ti)0.8Nb0.2)3C2A plot of specific capacity at 0.1A/g current density;
FIG. 3 is Ti2Nb1C2A plot of specific capacity at 0.1A/g current density;
FIG. 4 is Ti2Nb1C2A rate performance graph at a current density of 0.05A/g-5A/g-0.05A/g;
FIG. 5 shows the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material obtained in examples 1 to 3 and Ti obtained in comparative example 13AlC2XRD diffractogram of (a);
FIG. 6 shows Ti obtained in example 32Nb1C2EDS spectrum of (a).
Detailed Description
The invention provides a niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, which comprises two-dimensional layered titanium carbide and niobium loaded on the two-dimensional layered titanium carbide; the molar ratio of the niobium to the titanium in the titanium carbide is 1: (2-9).
In the present invention, the molar ratio of niobium to titanium in titanium carbide is preferably 1: 9. 1: 4 or 1: 2. in the invention, the two-dimensional layered titanium carbide is 312-phase Ti3C2MXene materials.
The niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material is niobium-doped 312-phase Ti3C2MXene material with obviously improved primary 312 phase Ti3C2The MXene has two-dimensional structure strength, the cyclic specific capacity test is carried out at the current density of 0.1A/g, and the specific capacity is approximately kept at 200 mAh/g; the performance is still stable after 500 cycles, and the performance is not attenuatedTo 5%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing titanium powder, niobium powder, aluminum powder and carbon powder, and sequentially carrying out pre-pressing forming and spark plasma sintering to obtain niobium-doped Ti3AlC2(ii) a The molar ratio of the titanium powder to the aluminum powder to the carbon powder is 3: 1: 2, the molar ratio of the niobium powder to the titanium powder is 1: (2-9);
doping the niobium with Ti3AlC2And after crushing, etching aluminum by adopting hydrofluoric acid to obtain the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material.
Mixing titanium powder, niobium powder, aluminum powder and carbon powder, and sequentially carrying out prepressing molding and discharge plasma sintering to obtain niobium-doped Ti3AlC2(ii) a The molar ratio of the titanium powder to the aluminum powder to the carbon powder is 3: 1: 2, the molar ratio of the niobium powder to the titanium powder is 1: (2-9).
In the present invention, the particle diameters of the titanium powder, the niobium powder, the aluminum powder, and the carbon powder are independently preferably 300 mesh. In the present invention, the mixing manner of the titanium powder, the niobium powder, the aluminum powder and the carbon powder is specifically preferably: and (3) wet mixing the titanium powder, the niobium powder, the aluminum powder and the carbon powder with alcohol for 30min, and drying for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃.
In the present invention, the molar ratio of the niobium powder to the titanium powder is preferably 1: 9. 1: 4 or 1: 2.
in the present invention, the pressure of the preliminary press molding is preferably 2 kN; the time is preferably 2-5 min.
In the invention, the sintering pressure of the spark plasma sintering is preferably 10-50 MPa, and more preferably 20-40 MPa; the sintering pressure is the pressure applied to the mould in the spark plasma sintering process; the temperature is preferably 1350-1450 ℃, and further preferably 1400 ℃; the rate of heating to the temperature for spark plasma sintering is preferably 50 ℃/min; the heat preservation time is preferably 20-60 min, and more preferably 30 min; the degree of vacuum of the atmosphere is preferably 10 Pa.
Obtaining niobium doped Ti3AlC2Then, the invention dopes the niobium with Ti3AlC2And after crushing, etching aluminum by adopting hydrofluoric acid to obtain the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material.
In the present invention, the crushed niobium is doped with Ti3AlC2The particle size of (A) is preferably 300 to 2000 mesh. In the invention, the mass fraction of the hydrofluoric acid for etching aluminum by the hydrofluoric acid is preferably 50%; the temperature for etching aluminum by hydrofluoric acid is preferably 50 ℃; the hydrofluoric acid etching of aluminum is preferably carried out under the condition of water bath, namely, the crushed niobium is doped with Ti3AlC2Mixing with hydrofluoric acid, and heating and etching in water bath; the time for etching the hydrofluoric acid is not particularly limited, as long as niobium can be doped with Ti3AlC2And completely etching the middle aluminum layer.
The invention also provides the application of the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material in the technical scheme or the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme as a negative electrode material in a lithium ion battery.
In the invention, when the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material is used as a negative electrode material in a lithium ion battery, the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material is preferably mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), acetylene black and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and then coated on a copper foil; the mass ratio of the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material to the polyvinylidene fluoride to the acetylene black is preferably 8: 1:1.
the niobium doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material and the preparation method and application thereof provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparation of (Ti)1-xNbx)3C2The molar ratio of Ti to Nb is 9: 1:
weighing titanium powder, niobium powder, aluminum powder and carbon powder according to the molar ratio of 2.7:0.3:1.2: 1.9; the particle diameters of the four powders are all 300 meshes, the four powders are wet-mixed with alcohol for 30min, and thenVacuum drying at 80 deg.C for 12 hr; prepressing and molding the mixed powder for 2min under the condition of 2 kN; then adjusting the atmosphere vacuum degree to 10Pa and the sintering pressure to 10MPa, heating to 1350 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 20min, and sintering by using discharge plasma to obtain the niobium-doped Ti3AlC2。
Doping niobium with Ti3AlC2Crushing, selecting powder between 300 meshes and 2000 meshes, etching for 12 hours by using HF with the mass fraction of 50%, heating in water bath at 50 ℃ to obtain the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, and marking as (Ti)0.9Nb0.1)3C2。
Mixing niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, PVDF and acetylene black according to the weight ratio of 8: 1:1, uniformly mixing the components in NMP, coating the mixture on a copper foil, drying the copper foil, and cutting the copper foil according to specifications; and (3) carrying out cycle performance tests on button batteries with different current densities, wherein the electrodes are lithium sheets and are assembled into 2036 specifications.
FIG. 1 is (Ti)0.9Nb0.1)3C2The specific capacity of the cycle and the coulombic efficiency at a current density of 0.1A/g are shown in a graph in figure 1: the initial specific capacity is 350 mAh/g; the specific capacity is increased from 140mAh/g to 180mAh/g as the cycle number is increased, and the lithium ion battery has excellent charge-discharge reversibility.
Example 2
Preparation of (Ti)1-xNbx)3C2The molar ratio of Ti to Nb is 4: 1:
weighing titanium powder, niobium powder, aluminum powder and carbon powder according to the molar ratio of 2.4:0.6:1.3: 1.8; the particle sizes of the four powders are all 300 meshes, and the four powders are wet-mixed with alcohol for 30 min; then drying for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃; prepressing and molding the mixed powder for 2min under the condition of 2 kN; then adjusting the atmosphere vacuum degree to 10Pa and the sintering pressure to 20MPa, heating to 1400 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 30min, and performing discharge plasma sintering to obtain niobium-doped Ti3AlC2。
Doping niobium with Ti3AlC2Pulverizing, selecting powder of 300-2000 meshes, and using mass fraction of 5Etching with 0% HF for 12h, heating in water bath at 50 deg.C to obtain niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material (Ti)0.8Nb0.2)3C2。
Mixing niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, PVDF and acetylene black according to the weight ratio of 8: 1:1, uniformly mixing the components in NMP, coating the mixture on a copper foil, drying the copper foil, and cutting the copper foil into the copper foil according to specifications; and (3) carrying out cycle performance tests on button batteries with different current densities, wherein the electrodes are lithium sheets and are assembled into 2036 specifications.
FIG. 2 is (Ti)0.8Nb0.2)3C2The specific capacity of the cycle at a current density of 0.1A/g is shown in FIG. 2: the initial specific capacity is 350 mAh/g; the specific capacity is increased from 140mAh/g to 210mAh/g as the cycle number is increased, and the lithium ion battery has excellent charge-discharge reversibility.
Example 3
Preparation of (Ti)1-xNbx)3C2The molar ratio of Ti to Nb is 2:1:
weighing titanium powder, niobium powder, aluminum powder and carbon powder according to the molar ratio of 2:1:1.4: 1.8; the particle sizes of the four powders are all 300 meshes, the four powders are wet-mixed with alcohol for 30min, and then vacuum-dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃; prepressing and molding the mixed powder for 2min under the condition of 2 kN; then adjusting the atmosphere vacuum degree to 10Pa and the sintering pressure to 50MPa, heating to 1450 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 60min, and performing discharge plasma sintering to obtain the niobium-doped Ti3AlC2。
Doping niobium with Ti3AlC2Crushing, selecting powder of 300-2000 meshes, etching for 12h by using HF with the mass fraction of 50%, heating in water bath at 50 ℃ to obtain the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material, and marking as Ti2Nb1C2。
Mixing niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide, PVDF and acetylene black according to the weight ratio of 8: 1:1, uniformly mixing the components in NMP, coating the mixture on a copper foil, drying the copper foil, and cutting the copper foil into the copper foil according to specifications; and (3) carrying out cycle performance tests on button batteries with different current densities, wherein the electrodes are lithium sheets and are assembled into 2036 specifications.
FIG. 3 is Ti2Nb1C2The specific capacity of the cycle at a current density of 0.1A/g is shown in FIG. 3: the initial specific capacity is 300 mAh/g; the specific capacity is increased from the minimum 150mAh/g to 210mAh/g along with the increase of the cycle number, and the lithium ion battery has excellent charge-discharge reversibility.
FIG. 4 is Ti2Nb1C2The rate performance graph at current densities of 0.05A/g-5A/g-0.05A/g can be seen from FIG. 4: ti2Nb1C2Good rate capability, which shows that Ti2Nb1C2The stability of (2) is good.
Comparative example 1
According to a molar ratio of 3: 1: 2, weighing titanium powder, aluminum powder and carbon powder; the particle sizes of the three powders are all 300 meshes, and the three powders are mixed with alcohol for 30 min; then drying for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃; prepressing and molding the mixed powder for 2min under the condition of 2 kN; then adjusting the atmosphere vacuum degree to 10Pa and the sintering pressure to 20MPa, heating to 1400 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 30min, and sintering by using discharge plasma to obtain Ti3AlC2。
FIG. 5 shows the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material obtained in examples 1 to 3 and Ti obtained in comparative example 13AlC2XRD diffractogram of (a). FIG. 6 shows the Ti two-dimensional layered niobium-doped titanium carbide composite material obtained in example 32Nb1C2EDS spectrum of (a). As can be seen in conjunction with fig. 5 and 6: since the radii of the metal cations of Nb and Ti are almost the same and can be freely replaced in theory, the XRD spectrogram of the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material obtained in examples 1-3 and a standard substance (Ti obtained in comparative example 1) can be used3AlC2) PDF card 312 phase Ti3AlC2By contrast, examples 1 to 3 proved that Ti of 312 phases was synthesized3AlC2MAX material. Then the niobium doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material Ti obtained in the example 3 is subjected to EDS2Nb1C2Scanning is carried out, the distribution of Nb element can be seen, and the synthesis is proved to be niobium-doped 312-phase Ti3C2MXene materials.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material is characterized by comprising two-dimensional layered titanium carbide and niobium loaded on the two-dimensional layered titanium carbide; the molar ratio of the niobium to the titanium in the titanium carbide is 1: (2-9);
the titanium carbide is 312 phase Ti3C2MXene material;
the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material is prepared by the method comprising the following steps of:
mixing titanium powder, niobium powder, aluminum powder and carbon powder, and sequentially carrying out pre-pressing forming and spark plasma sintering to obtain niobium-doped Ti3AlC2(ii) a The molar ratio of the titanium powder to the aluminum powder to the carbon powder is 3: 1: 2, the molar ratio of the niobium powder to the titanium powder is 1: (2-9);
doping the niobium with Ti3AlC2And after crushing, etching aluminum by adopting hydrofluoric acid to obtain the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material.
2. The method of preparing a niobium doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
mixing titanium powder, niobium powder, aluminum powder and carbon powder, and sequentially carrying out pre-pressing forming and spark plasma sintering to obtain niobium-doped Ti3AlC2(ii) a The molar ratio of the titanium powder to the aluminum powder to the carbon powder is 3: 1: 2, the molar ratio of the niobium powder to the titanium powder is 1: (2-9);
doping the niobium with Ti3AlC2And after crushing, etching aluminum by adopting hydrofluoric acid to obtain the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pressure of the pre-press molding is 2kN and the time is 2-5 min.
4. The production method according to claim 2, wherein a sintering pressure of the spark plasma sintering is 10 to 50 MPa.
5. The preparation method according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the temperature of the spark plasma sintering is 1350-1450 ℃, and the holding time is 20-60 min.
6. The production method according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the degree of vacuum of the atmosphere for the discharge plasma sintering is 10 Pa.
7. The production method according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the rate of raising the temperature to the temperature of the spark plasma sintering is 50 ℃/min.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the hydrofluoric acid is used for etching aluminum at a mass fraction of 50%.
9. The niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material according to claim 1 or the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 8 is applied to a lithium ion battery as a negative electrode material.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the niobium doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material is mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride, acetylene black and N-methylpyrrolidone and then coated on a copper foil; the mass ratio of the niobium-doped two-dimensional layered titanium carbide composite material to the polyvinylidene fluoride to the acetylene black is 8: 1:1.
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| Ti-Al-C原位反应制备MAX相Ti3AlC2及其性能调控;韩婷;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库（工程I辑）》;20190815(第8期);正文第9-12页 * |
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