CN112589400A - High-precision duplex planetary gear machining process - Google Patents
High-precision duplex planetary gear machining process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112589400A CN112589400A CN202011117225.7A CN202011117225A CN112589400A CN 112589400 A CN112589400 A CN 112589400A CN 202011117225 A CN202011117225 A CN 202011117225A CN 112589400 A CN112589400 A CN 112589400A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-precision duplex planetary gear machining process which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: a blank forging process, wherein blank forging is carried out on the small planet wheel and the large planet wheel, and the small planet wheel comprises a small planet outer wheel section and an outer matching wheel section which are coaxially connected; step two: a small planet wheel drilling and gear hobbing process, wherein after a vehicle blank is processed on a small planet wheel, the middle part of the small planet wheel is punched, and then a gear hobbing machine is used for simultaneously hobbing the outer sides of two ends of a small planet outer wheel and an outer matching wheel of the small planet wheel to obtain the outer teeth of the small planet wheel and the outer matching teeth of the small planet wheel; step three: carburizing the small planet wheel; step four: polishing the small planet wheel; step five: drilling and hobbing a large planet wheel; step six: a large planet wheel internal tooth drawing process; step seven: carburizing the large planet wheel; step eight: a fine turning process of the large planet wheel; step nine: a pressing procedure; the invention can improve the precision of the duplex planetary gear, so that the duplex planetary gear meets the requirement of 6-level precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile transmission, in particular to a high-precision duplex planetary gear machining process.
Background
Gears are toothed mechanical parts that can mesh with one another and are used in a very wide variety of mechanical transmission and overall mechanical applications. The gear is the main basic drive element of automotive industry, has 18~30 tooth portions in every car usually, and the quality of gear directly influences the noise of car, stationarity and life.
With the continuous development of the automobile industry, the requirements on the precision and the strength of a gear are also continuously improved, as shown in fig. 1, a series of processing steps of integrally forging a blank, turning the blank, drilling, inserting large planet teeth, inserting small planet teeth, carburizing, grinding inner holes and end faces and grinding the large planet teeth are adopted for a planet wheel in the conventional 365 electric wheel project, when a small planet wheel is processed, only gear inserting processing can be performed, the comprehensive precision grade is 9, the precision requirement of 6 grades of the small planet gear cannot be met, the phase deflection angle qualification rate of the large planet wheel is low, and the production cost is increased;
and current planet wheel only wholly carries out a carburization, and big planet wheel is equipped with the recess that extends to the planet wheel axis with little planet wheel junction, and the recess bottom surface is the arcwall face, consequently can have the not good phenomenon of big planet wheel with little planet wheel junction carburization effect among the carburization process to lead to big planet wheel and little planet wheel junction intensity, hardness not enough, lead to having the fracture risk.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision duplex planetary gear machining process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-precision duplex planetary gear machining process is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises that
The method comprises the following steps: a blank forging process, wherein blank forging is carried out on the small planet wheel and the large planet wheel, and the small planet wheel comprises a small planet outer wheel section and an outer matching wheel section which are coaxially connected;
step two: the small planet wheel machining and gear hobbing process comprises the steps that after a blank of a wheel is machined on a small planet wheel, gear hobbing is conducted on the outer sides of two ends of a small planet outer wheel and an outer matching wheel of the small planet wheel simultaneously through a gear hobbing machine, and outer teeth of the small planet wheel and outer matching teeth of the small planet wheel are obtained;
step three: carburizing the small planet wheel;
step four: grinding the inner hole and the end face of the small planet wheel, and then grinding the external teeth of the small planet wheel and the external matching tooth surface of the small planet wheel to enable the tooth part of the small planet wheel to reach more than six-level precision;
step five: a large planet wheel drilling and gear hobbing step, wherein after the large planet wheel is machined, the spoke of the large planet wheel is drilled, and the outer wheel of the large planet wheel is subjected to gear hobbing by using a gear hobbing machine;
step six: the large planet wheel inner tooth pulling process is used for pulling inner teeth of an inner hole of the large planet wheel by taking the outer teeth of the large planet wheel as a phase reference and taking the outer matching teeth of the small planet wheel as a size reference;
step seven: carburizing the large planet wheel;
step eight: a large planetary wheel finish turning process, wherein a finish turning machine is adopted to finish turning the inner teeth and the outer teeth of the large planetary wheel;
step nine: and a pressing process, namely inserting the outer matching teeth of the small planet wheel into the inner teeth of the large planet wheel, pressing and fixing, and then grinding the outer teeth of the large planet wheel.
Preferably, the deflection angle of the outer matching teeth of the small planet wheels and the inner teeth of the large planet wheels is controlled within 0.5 degrees.
Preferably, the third planetary gear carburizing step is as follows: the small planet wheel enters the furnace, propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/h is introduced, the temperature of the furnace is increased to 850-; ensuring that the furnace temperature is 900 ℃ at 850 ℃ and introducing propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/h for 48-60 min, wherein the carbon potential of the product is 1.05%; cooling, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 800-; and discharging and quenching, wherein KR468C quenching oil is adopted for quenching, the oil temperature is controlled at 120 ℃, the product is vertically fed with oil after being fixed by a quenching clamp, the oil tank stirrer is stopped when the product is fed with oil, and the oil tank stirrer is opened for stirring after the gear is quenched and fed with oil, so that carburization is completed.
Preferably, the carburizing process of the seven big planetary wheels comprises the following steps: entering the large planet wheel into the furnace, introducing propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m and the temperature of the furnace is increased to 850-900 ℃ for 150-180 min, and the carbon potential of the product is 1.2%; ensuring that the furnace temperature is 900 ℃ at 850 ℃ and introducing propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/h for 48-60 min, wherein the carbon potential of the product is 1.05%; cooling, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 800-; and discharging and quenching, wherein KR468C quenching oil is adopted for quenching, the oil temperature is controlled at 120 ℃, the product is vertically fed with oil after being fixed by a quenching clamp, the oil tank stirrer is stopped when the product is fed with oil, and the oil tank stirrer is opened for stirring after the gear is quenched and fed with oil, so that carburization is completed.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the duplex planetary gear is divided into two parts to be processed respectively, then the two parts are pressed, the small planetary gear is subjected to hobbing, carburizing and polishing, then the large gear is subjected to hobbing, internal tooth pulling, carburizing and finish turning, the external tooth of the large planetary gear is used as a phase reference, the external matching tooth of the small planetary gear is used as a size reference, and the internal tooth pulling is carried out on the inner hole of the large planetary gear, so that the phase deviation between the large planetary gear and the small planetary gear is reduced; the precision of the duplex planetary gear can be improved through gear hobbing and gear grinding, and the requirement of 6-level precision is met; carry out twice carburization to big planet wheel and little planet wheel respectively and pressfitting again, avoid big planet wheel and little planet wheel junction to appear the not good phenomenon of carburization effect to avoid big planet wheel and little planet wheel junction intensity, hardness not enough, lead to having the fracture risk.
2) The reasonable adjustment of the carburizing temperature, the quenching oil temperature and the quenching oil quality can effectively reduce the thermal stress and the tissue stress of the gear, reduce the deformation of the gear and increase the deformation rule.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a planetary wheel structure of a conventional electric wheel.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the minor planet wheel of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the large planetary gear of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a planet wheel of the electric wheel of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the processing of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a high-precision duplex planetary gear processing technology, which takes the specifications of duplex planetary gears as follows: the addendum circle of the large planet wheel is 165.46mm, the addendum circle of the small planet wheel is 84.39mm as an example, and the steps are specifically shown in fig. 5:
the method comprises the following steps: a blank forging step of forging a blank of a small planet wheel and a large planet wheel, wherein the small planet wheel comprises a small planet outer wheel section 21 and an outer matching wheel section 22 which are coaxially connected (see fig. 2); the forging stock sizes of the small planet wheels and the large planet wheels are phi 90mm x 110mm and phi 170mm x 48mm respectively;
step two: minor planet wheel vehicle processing and gear hobbing process, to minor planet wheel vehicle blank, need control size at external diameter 84.39mm, hole 45.5mm, high 101mm, the gear hobbing machine is carried out the gear hobbing simultaneously to minor planet foreign steamer section 21 and the outer 22 both ends outsides of cooperation wheel section of minor planet wheel outside again, and the gear hobbing processing adopts the high-speed numerical control gear hobbing machine of YS3120CNC of south two quick-witted production, and the lathe main parameter is: the diameter of the maximum workpiece is 200mm, the maximum modulus is 6, the outer teeth of the minor planet gear and the outer matching teeth of the minor planet gear are obtained, and the thickness of the outer teeth is controlled to be detected as follows: the number of the cross-measurement teeth is 5, and the length of a common normal line is 43.15-43.2 mm;
step three: carburizing the small planet wheel; the method comprises the following steps: the small planet wheel enters the furnace, propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/h is introduced, the temperature of the furnace is increased to 850-; ensuring that the furnace temperature is 900 ℃ at 850 ℃ and introducing propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/h for 48-60 min, wherein the carbon potential of the product is 1.05%; cooling, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 800-; and discharging and quenching, wherein KR468C quenching oil is adopted for quenching, the oil temperature is controlled at 120 ℃, the product is vertically fed with oil after being fixed by a quenching clamp, the oil tank stirrer is stopped when the product is fed with oil, and the oil tank stirrer is opened for stirring after the gear is quenched and fed with oil, so that carburization is completed.
In the step, the deformation is reduced by controlling the carburizing temperature; after the gear is carburized, the higher the quenching temperature is, the larger the generated structural stress is, the larger the deformation is, and in order to reduce the deformation, the lower limit temperature of quenching is adopted, and the temperature of quenching oil not only ensures that the oil uniformly circularly flows up and down, but also is beneficial to uniformly cooling parts and reducing the deformation; the KR468C quenching oil is selected to ensure small deformation after gear quenching, and the dispersion difference of the deformation is small.
Step four: little planet wheel gear grinding process grinds the processing to the hole and the terminal surface of little planet wheel earlier, control hole 45mm, total height 100.5mm, grinds the tooth to little planet wheel external tooth and little planet wheel external cooperation tooth flank of tooth of little planet wheel again, makes pinion tooth portion reach more than six grades of precision to ensure that gear tooth thickness accords with following standard after the gear grinding: the number of the cross-measurement teeth is 5, and the length of a common normal line is 42.83-42.85 mm;
step five: big planet wheel drilling gear hobbing process, as shown in fig. 3, carry out 165.46mm of external diameter after the car processing to big planet wheel, hole 72mm, high 41mm, punch big planet wheel spoke 32, reuse gear hobbing machine carries out the gear hobbing to the foreign steamer 31 of big planet wheel, and the thick detection index of external tooth is: the number of the cross-measurement teeth is 8, and the length of a common normal line is 71.35-71.4 mm;
step six: big planet wheel draws internal tooth process to the external tooth of big planet wheel is the phase reference, uses little planet wheel outer cooperation tooth as the size reference, draws the internal tooth to the hole 33 of big planet wheel and mainly guarantees that the gear tooth thickness accords with following standard: the number of the cross-measuring teeth is 5, the common normal length is 42.742-42.796 mm, and during machining, the deflection angle of the outer matching teeth of the small planet wheel and the inner teeth of the large planet wheel is controlled within 1 degree.
Step seven: carburizing the large planet wheel; entering the large planet wheel into the furnace, introducing propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m and the temperature of the furnace is increased to 850-900 ℃ for 150-180 min, and the carbon potential of the product is 1.2%; ensuring that the furnace temperature is 900 ℃ at 850 ℃ and introducing propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/h for 48-60 min, wherein the carbon potential of the product is 1.05%; cooling, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 800-; and discharging and quenching, wherein KR468C quenching oil is adopted for quenching, the oil temperature is controlled at 120 ℃, the product is vertically fed with oil after being fixed by a quenching clamp, the oil tank stirrer is stopped when the product is fed with oil, and the oil tank stirrer is opened for stirring after the gear is quenched and fed with oil, so that carburization is completed.
Step eight: a large planet wheel finish turning process, wherein a finish turning machine is adopted to finish turning the inner teeth and the outer teeth of the large planet wheel until the width of the inner wheel spoke is 39.5 mm;
step nine: and a pressing process, namely inserting the outer matching teeth of the small planet wheel into the inner teeth of the large planet wheel, pressing and fixing, and grinding the outer teeth of the large planet wheel to obtain the integral double-planet gear shown in figure 4.
Compared with the traditional process, the process takes 40 products as samples, and the time of a single part is saved by 28min on average.
Claims (4)
1. A high-precision duplex planetary gear machining process is characterized in that: comprises that
The method comprises the following steps: a blank forging process, wherein blank forging is carried out on the small planet wheel and the large planet wheel, and the small planet wheel comprises a small planet outer wheel section and an outer matching wheel section which are coaxially connected;
step two: the small planet wheel machining and gear hobbing process comprises the steps that after a blank of a wheel is machined on a small planet wheel, gear hobbing is conducted on the outer sides of two ends of a small planet outer wheel section and an outer matching wheel section of the small planet wheel simultaneously through a gear hobbing machine, and outer teeth of the small planet wheel and outer matching teeth of the small planet wheel are obtained;
step three: carburizing the small planet wheel;
step four: grinding the inner hole and the end face of the small planet wheel, and then grinding the external teeth of the small planet wheel and the external matching tooth surface of the small planet wheel to enable the tooth part of the small planet wheel to reach more than six-level precision;
step five: a large planet wheel drilling and gear hobbing step, wherein after the large planet wheel is machined, the spoke of the large planet wheel is drilled, and the outer wheel of the large planet wheel is subjected to gear hobbing by using a gear hobbing machine;
step six: the large planet wheel inner tooth pulling process is used for pulling inner teeth of an inner hole of the large planet wheel by taking the outer teeth of the large planet wheel as a phase reference and taking the outer matching teeth of the small planet wheel as a size reference;
step seven: carburizing the large planet wheel;
step eight: a large planetary wheel finish turning process, wherein a finish turning machine is adopted to finish turning the inner teeth and the outer teeth of the large planetary wheel;
step nine: and a pressing process, namely inserting the outer matching teeth of the small planet wheel into the inner teeth of the large planet wheel, pressing and fixing, and then grinding the outer teeth of the large planet wheel.
2. The high-precision duplex planetary gear machining process according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the deflection angle of the outer matching teeth of the small planet wheels and the inner teeth of the large planet wheels is controlled within 0.5 degree.
3. The high-precision duplex planetary gear machining process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carburizing process of the third small planetary gear comprises the following steps: the small planet wheel enters the furnace, propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/h is introduced, the temperature of the furnace is increased to 850-; ensuring that the furnace temperature is 900 ℃ at 850 ℃ and introducing propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/h for 48-60 min, wherein the carbon potential of the product is 1.05%; cooling, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 800-; and discharging and quenching, wherein KR468C quenching oil is adopted for quenching, the oil temperature is controlled at 120 ℃, the product is vertically fed with oil after being fixed by a quenching clamp, the oil tank stirrer is stopped when the product is fed with oil, and the oil tank stirrer is opened for stirring after the gear is quenched and fed with oil, so that carburization is completed.
4. The high-precision duplex planetary gear machining process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carburizing process of the seven big planetary wheels comprises the following steps: entering the large planet wheel into the furnace, introducing propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m and the temperature of the furnace is increased to 850-900 ℃ for 150-180 min, and the carbon potential of the product is 1.2%; ensuring that the furnace temperature is 900 ℃ at 850 ℃ and introducing propane with the flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/h for 48-60 min, wherein the carbon potential of the product is 1.05%; cooling, namely reducing the furnace temperature to 800-; and discharging and quenching, wherein KR468C quenching oil is adopted for quenching, the oil temperature is controlled at 120 ℃, the product is vertically fed with oil after being fixed by a quenching clamp, the oil tank stirrer is stopped when the product is fed with oil, and the oil tank stirrer is opened for stirring after the gear is quenched and fed with oil, so that carburization is completed.
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Application publication date: 20210402 |