CN112583272A - Based on staggered parallel Class phi2Isolated DC/DC converter of circuit - Google Patents

Based on staggered parallel Class phi2Isolated DC/DC converter of circuit Download PDF

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CN112583272A
CN112583272A CN202010002809.3A CN202010002809A CN112583272A CN 112583272 A CN112583272 A CN 112583272A CN 202010002809 A CN202010002809 A CN 202010002809A CN 112583272 A CN112583272 A CN 112583272A
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unit
capacitor
transformer
inductor
converter
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管乐诗
施震宇
王懿杰
刘畅
徐殿国
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a Class phi based on staggered parallel connection2An isolated DC/DC converter of a circuit, the converter comprising an input unit, Class Φ2The device comprises an inverter unit, a band-pass matching unit, a half-wave rectification unit and an output unit; firstly, through the staggered work of the two-phase circuits, the input current of the system is the sum of the input currents of the two-phase reverse-phase working circuits, so that the input current ripple of the whole system is greatly reduced through the average of the input currents of the two-phase circuits; secondly, at the same output power, the respective currents in the two-phase circuit will be reduced, which will also reduce unnecessary circuit losses. In addition, in order to add the function of electrical isolation and not increase the height of the whole system, the invention adopts a novel planar air-core transformer to replace the traditional vertical transformer, thereby keeping the advantages of small volume and high power density of the high-frequency DC/DC converter.

Description

Based on staggered parallel Class phi2Isolated DC/DC converter of circuit
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric energy conversion, and particularly relates to a Class phi parallel connection based on interleaving2Isolated DC/DC converter of circuit。
Background
With the continuous development of power electronic technology, the market has higher and higher requirements on the aspects of power density, efficiency, volume, transient response speed and the like of a switch-type power electronic system, so that a high-frequency power converter gradually becomes a research hotspot and is widely concerned by numerous scholars at home and abroad. Most of the existing high-frequency DC/DC converter topologies are single-phase non-isolated structures, as shown in FIG. 1, although the required voltage conversion function can be normally realized by the structures, the safety of the whole system is not high because the electrical isolation is not carried out; meanwhile, the single-phase structure firstly causes large ripple waves of input current, possibly causes damage to circuit elements and influences normal work of a system; secondly, the single-phase structure causes a large current to flow through the circuit elements, which increases the circuit loss. For the high-frequency DC/DC converters with electrical isolation function at present, most of the transformers used in these converters are conventional vertical transformers, which often increase the height of the whole converter sharply, and reduce the power density of the whole system seriously, which is not favorable for the development of system miniaturization and integration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a Class phi based on staggered parallel connection2An isolated DC/DC converter of a circuit. The invention aims to solve the problems of large input current ripple and large current flowing through circuit elements by adopting a staggered parallel technology: firstly, through the staggered work of the two-phase circuits, the input current of the system is the sum of the input currents of the two-phase reverse-phase working circuits, so that the input current ripple of the whole system is greatly reduced through the average of the input currents of the two-phase circuits; secondly, at the same output power, the respective currents in the two-phase circuit will be reduced, which will also reduce unnecessary circuit losses. In addition, in order to add the function of electrical isolation and not increase the height of the whole system, the invention adopts a novel planar air-core transformer to replace the traditional vertical transformer, thereby keeping the advantages of small volume and high power density of the high-frequency DC/DC converter.
The invention relates to a Chinese traditional medicineThe invention is realized by the following technical scheme that the invention provides a Class phi parallel connection based on interleaving2An isolated DC/DC converter of a circuit, the converter comprising an input unit, Class Φ2The device comprises an inverter unit, a band-pass matching unit, a half-wave rectification unit and an output unit; class phi2The inverter unit comprises a first inverter unit and a second inverter unit, wherein one end of the first inverter unit is connected with the input unit after being connected with the second inverter unit in parallel, and the other end of the first inverter unit is connected with one end of the band-pass matching unit; the first inversion unit and the second inversion unit have the same circuit structure; the half-wave rectification unit comprises a first rectification unit and a second rectification unit, one end of the first rectification unit is connected with the other end of the band-pass matching unit after the first rectification unit and the second rectification unit are connected in parallel, and the other end of the first rectification unit is connected with the output unit after the first rectification unit and the second rectification unit are connected in parallel; the first rectifying unit and the second rectifying unit have the same circuit structure.
Further, the first inverter unit includes an inductor LF1Switch tube S1Capacitor CF1Inductor L2F1And a capacitor C2F1(ii) a The inductance LF1One end of the input unit is connected with the input unit, and the other end of the input unit is respectively connected with the switch tube S1Drain electrode of (1), capacitor CF1One end of (1), an inductance L2F1Is connected with one end of the switch tube S1The source of (C) is grounded, and the capacitor CF1Is grounded, the inductance L2F1Another terminal of (1) and a capacitor C2F1Is connected to the capacitor C2F1And the other end of the same is grounded.
Further, the band-pass matching unit comprises a capacitor CsTransformer and capacitor CssCapacitor CLPInductor LLS1And an inductance LLS2(ii) a The transformer is formed by coupling two inductors, and the capacitor CsAnd the inductance LF1Is connected to the other end of the capacitor CsThe other end of the first inverter unit is connected with one end of an inductor in the transformer, and the other end of the inductor in the transformer is connected with the other end of the second inverter unit; one end of another inductor in the transformer is connected with the inductorCapacitor CssOne terminal of said capacitor CssThe other end of each of the first and second capacitors is connected to a capacitor CLPOne terminal of (1) and an inductance LLS1Is connected to one end of the capacitor CLPWith the other end of the other inductor in the transformer and with the inductor L, respectivelyLS2Is connected to one end of the inductor LLS1Is connected with one end of the first rectifying unit, and the inductor LLS2And the other end of the second rectifying unit is connected with one end of the second rectifying unit.
Further, the first rectifying unit includes a diode D1Diode D2And a capacitor COUT1(ii) a The diode D1One end of each of the first and second inductors is connected to the inductor LLS1Another terminal of (1) and a diode D2Is connected to one end of the diode D1And the other end of the capacitor COUT1Is connected to one end of the diode D2Is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C is groundedOUT1And the other end of the same is grounded.
Further, the transformer is a planar air-core transformer.
Further, the impedance network formed by each inverter unit needs to satisfy the requirement of one-time switching frequency omegaSAnd triple switching frequency 3 omegaSHigh impedance in the vicinity of the switching frequency 2 omegaSThe voltage between the drain and the source of the switch tube is approximate to a flat top wave, so that the voltage stress at two ends of the switch tube is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of prior art based on Class Φ2A single phase DC/DC converter topology of the circuit;
FIG. 2 shows a Class phi based on interleaving and parallel connection according to the present invention2An isolated DC/DC converter topological graph of the circuit;
FIG. 3 is Class Φ2An inverter circuit diagram;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the main voltage and current waveforms in the circuit;
FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the first half cycle of the circuit;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit of the second half cycle of the circuit;
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of the input current of the single phase circuit;
FIG. 8 is a waveform of an input current for an interleaved parallel circuit;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a 3D model of a planar air-core transformer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
With reference to FIG. 2, the present invention proposes a Class Φ based interleaving parallel connection2An isolated DC/DC converter of a circuit, the converter comprising an input unit, Class Φ2The device comprises an inverter unit, a band-pass matching unit, a half-wave rectification unit and an output unit; class phi2The inverter unit comprises a first inverter unit and a second inverter unit, wherein one end of the first inverter unit is connected with the input unit after being connected with the second inverter unit in parallel, and the other end of the first inverter unit is connected with one end of the band-pass matching unit; the first inversion unit and the second inversion unit have the same circuit structure; the half-wave rectification unit comprises a first rectification unit and a second rectification unit, one end of the first rectification unit is connected with the other end of the band-pass matching unit after the first rectification unit and the second rectification unit are connected in parallel, and the other end of the first rectification unit is connected with the output unit after the first rectification unit and the second rectification unit are connected in parallel; the first rectifying unit and the second rectifying unit have the same circuit structure. The transformer is a planar air-core transformer.
The first inversion unit comprises an inductor LF1Switch tube S1Capacitor CF1Inductor L2F1And a capacitor C2F1(ii) a The inductance LF1One end of the input unit is connected with the input unit, and the other end of the input unit is respectively connected with the switch tube S1Drain electrode of (1), capacitor CF1One end of (1), an inductance L2F1Is connected with one end of the switch tube S1The source of (C) is grounded, and the capacitor CF1Is grounded, the inductance L2F1Another terminal of (1) and a capacitor C2F1Is connected to the capacitor C2F1And the other end of the same is grounded.
The band-pass matching unit comprises a capacitor CsTransformer and capacitor CssCapacitor CLPInductor LLS1And an inductance LLS2(ii) a The transformer is formed by coupling two inductors, and the capacitor CsAnd the inductance LF1Is connected to the other end of the capacitor CsThe other end of the first inverter unit is connected with one end of an inductor in the transformer, and the other end of the inductor in the transformer is connected with the other end of the second inverter unit; one end of another inductor in the transformer is connected with the capacitor CssOne terminal of said capacitor CssThe other end of each of the first and second capacitors is connected to a capacitor CLPOne terminal of (1) and an inductance LLS1Is connected to one end of the capacitor CLPWith the other end of the other inductor in the transformer and with the inductor L, respectivelyLS2Is connected to one end of the inductor LLS1Is connected with one end of the first rectifying unit, and the inductor LLS2And the other end of the second rectifying unit is connected with one end of the second rectifying unit.
The first rectifying unit comprises a diode D1Diode D2And a capacitor COUT1(ii) a The diode D1One end of each of the first and second inductors is connected to the inductor LLS1Another terminal of (1) and a diode D2Is connected to one end of the diode D1And the other end of the capacitor COUT1Is connected to one end of the diode D2Is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C is groundedOUT1And the other end of the same is grounded.
Because the structure and parameters of the two-phase circuit which works in a staggered parallel mode are the same, only the parameters of a single-phase circuit need to be designed. Class phi2The circuit diagram of the inverter is shown in FIG. 3, where RSAnd the equivalent resistance of the matching link and the rectifying link is represented. At Class phi2In the inverter, from LF、CF、L2FAnd C2FImpedance of compositionThe network needs to meet the requirement of one time of switching frequency omegaSAnd triple switching frequency 3 omegaSHigh impedance in the vicinity of the switching frequency 2 omegaSThe voltage between the drain and the source of the switch tube is approximate to a flat top wave, so that the voltage stress at two ends of the switch tube is reduced.
When the load resistance R is not consideredSIn time, the impedance expression across the switching tube can be written as:
Figure BDA0002354130240000041
at twice the switching frequency 2 omegaSIs illustrated by a low impedance Zds(s) at 2. omegaSA zero point is arranged; at one switching frequency omegaSAnd triple switching frequency 3 omegaSHigh impedance nearbyds(s) at ωSAnd 3 omegaSThere is a pole nearby.
The zero point being generally arranged directly at 2 omegaSThe voltage peak value is increased due to the addition of the second harmonic, and the reduction of the voltage stress on the two sides of the switching tube is not facilitated. J2 omegaSSubstitution into ZdsThe numerator of(s) can be solved by the equation:
Figure BDA0002354130240000042
the poles are not generally placed directly at omegaSAnd 3 omegaSBut at ωSAnd 3 omegaSAnd the zero voltage switching-on of the switching tube is facilitated, and the switching loss is reduced. Suppose that two poles are respectively at k1ωSAnd k2ωSA, k1And k2Is a constant number, k1Generally, k is 1.1-1.22Generally, the value is between 2.8 and 2.9; will ZdsAnd(s) denominator replacement: let t be s2Then the problem can be transformed to solve a quadratic equation of unity: t is t2LFCFL2FC2F+t(LFCF+L2FC2F+LFC2F) + 1-0, the two roots of the known equation are each
Figure BDA0002354130240000051
And
Figure BDA0002354130240000052
the method can be obtained by utilizing the Weddar theorem:
Figure BDA0002354130240000053
the formula (2) and the formula (3) are combined to obtain:
Figure BDA0002354130240000054
at this time, if proper C is selected2FThe Class phi can be calculated by the formula (4)2Parameters of the inverter. To this end, Class Φ2And completing parameter design of the inverter.
Analyzing the working mode of the circuit: FIG. 4 shows the main voltage and current waveforms of the interleaved parallel two-phase circuit when the duty ratio of the switching tube is 0.5, including the driving voltage v of the switching tube of the two-phase circuitG1And vG2Input current i of two-phase circuitin1And iin2Total input current iinVoltage v at switch tube end in two-phase circuitD1And vD2The output voltage of the inversion link is the input voltage v of the matching linkmiThe input voltage of the rectifying link is the output voltage v of the matching linkmo。
Switch S in the first half-cycle of each cycle1Off, switch S2Is turned on when the switch S1The circuit diagram equivalent diagram of the phase working is shown in figure 5. In which the input voltage passes through a switch S1Selection of the two-terminal impedance network, inverter output as v in FIG. 4D1The trapezoidal wave is mainly composed of fundamental waves and third harmonic waves, and voltage stress at two ends of the switching tube is reduced. The voltage is applied by the matching linkThe input voltage is processed by the matching link and then sent to the rectifying link, and the circuit outputs stable direct current voltage through the rectification of the rectifying link, so that the voltage conversion function is realized.
Similarly, in the second half of each cycle, switch S1On, switch S2Off, at this time switch S2The circuit diagram equivalent diagram of the phase working is shown in figure 6. The working principle of the circuit is the same as that of the first half cycle.
In order to verify the reduction effect of the designed interleaved parallel circuit on the input current ripple, circuits are respectively built by utilizing PSpice software according to the single-phase circuit parameters obtained by design and the parameters of the interleaved parallel circuit obtained based on the single-phase circuit for simulation, and the input current of the system is measured.
First, a simulation of a single-phase circuit was run, and the observed input current waveform is shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that the peak-to-peak value of the input current reached around 8A. Next, the circuit after the interleaving parallel processing is simulated, and the observed input current waveform is shown in fig. 8, which can be seen from fig. 8: first, the respective input current waveforms of the two-phase circuits connected in parallel alternately as shown by the curve represented by the diamond points and the curve represented by the triangular points (i.e., i in fig. 4)in1And iin2) It can be seen that the peak-to-peak value of the input current of each phase is about 5A, which is lower than the original 8A, indicating that the current of each phase is actually reduced; secondly, as can be seen from the input current waveform of the whole system shown by the curve represented by the square points, the input current of the system (i.e. i in fig. 4)in) The peak-to-peak value is reduced to within 2A, and the reduction is obvious compared with 8A of a single-phase circuit.
In order to verify the advantage of reducing the height of the system by adopting the planar air-core transformer, a transformer with a required inductance value is subjected to three-dimensional modeling by using Maxwell, the obtained model is shown in FIG. 9, for the transformer with the same inductance value, the height of the traditional vertical transformer can reach centimeter level, and the maximum height of a common isolated high-frequency DC/DC converter depends on the height of the vertical transformer. The planar hollow-core transformer wound by wiring on the PCB is only one copper layer thick and the height is in the micron order. If the connecting wire on the other side of the PCB is considered, the height of the whole transformer is only the thickness of the board, and the height is about millimeter level. At the moment, the height of the transformer is no longer a short board of the system height, the maximum height depends on other devices, the height of the whole system is greatly reduced, the volume of the system is reduced, and the power density of the system is improved.
The invention explains the parameters:
1.Class Φ2inverter parameters
For Class Φ2Inverter, referring to fig. 3, the present invention sets the switching frequency of the switching tube to 10 MHz. With respect to Class Φ2The formula for calculating the inverter parameters is obtained through previous calculation, and after simulation and physical verification, a set of feasible parameters which can enable the voltage stress of the switching tube to be lower is determined as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Class Φ2Inverter parameters
Component Parameter(s)
Resonant inductor LF 68.94nH
Resonant capacitor CF 1.13nF
Resonant inductor L2F 69.81nH
Resonant capacitor C2F 910pF
2. Bandpass matching network parameters
The parameters of the required single-phase bandpass matching network obtained by calculation and simulation are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Single-phase circuit bandpass matching network parameters
Figure BDA0002354130240000061
Figure BDA0002354130240000071
Resonant inductance L in two-phase circuit after cross-parallel connectionSPAre connected in series to be used as the excitation inductance of the transformer; resonant capacitor C in two-phase circuitLPAre connected in series; simultaneous resonance capacitor CSResonant capacitor C in series resonance with transformer primary side leakage inductance at switching frequencySSPart of the secondary side leakage inductance of the transformer is in series resonance with the secondary side leakage inductance of the transformer at the switching frequency, and the influence of the primary side leakage inductance and the secondary side leakage inductance of the transformer is eliminated respectively. Finally, the parameters of the bandpass matching element in the circuit with the interleaved parallel structure shown in fig. 2 are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 band-pass matching network parameters in interleaved parallel circuits
Component Parameter(s)
Resonant capacitor CS 4.7nF
Transformer excitation electricityFeeling LSP 166.0nH
Coupling coefficient k of transformer 0.76
Resonant capacitor CSS 1.4nF
Resonant inductor LLS 14.6nH
Resonant capacitor CLP 6.6nF
The invention provides the method based on the staggered parallel connection Class phi2The isolated DC/DC converter of the circuit is introduced in detail, and the principle and the embodiment of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples herein, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. Based on staggered parallel Class phi2An isolated DC/DC converter of a circuit, characterized in that: the converter comprises an input unit and a Class phi2The device comprises an inverter unit, a band-pass matching unit, a half-wave rectification unit and an output unit; class phi2The inverter unit comprises a first inverter unit and a second inverter unit, wherein one end of the first inverter unit is connected with the input unit after being connected with the second inverter unit in parallel, and the other end of the first inverter unit is connected with one end of the band-pass matching unit; the above-mentionedThe first inversion unit and the second inversion unit have the same circuit structure; the half-wave rectification unit comprises a first rectification unit and a second rectification unit, one end of the first rectification unit is connected with the other end of the band-pass matching unit after the first rectification unit and the second rectification unit are connected in parallel, and the other end of the first rectification unit is connected with the output unit after the first rectification unit and the second rectification unit are connected in parallel; the first rectifying unit and the second rectifying unit have the same circuit structure.
2. The converter of claim 1, wherein: the first inversion unit comprises an inductor LF1Switch tube S1Capacitor CF1Inductor L2F1And a capacitor C2F1(ii) a The inductance LF1One end of the input unit is connected with the input unit, and the other end of the input unit is respectively connected with the switch tube S1Drain electrode of (1), capacitor CF1One end of (1), an inductance L2F1Is connected with one end of the switch tube S1The source of (C) is grounded, and the capacitor CF1Is grounded, the inductance L2F1Another terminal of (1) and a capacitor C2F1Is connected to the capacitor C2F1And the other end of the same is grounded.
3. The converter of claim 2, wherein: the band-pass matching unit comprises a capacitor CsTransformer and capacitor CssCapacitor CLPInductor LLS1And an inductance LLS2(ii) a The transformer is formed by coupling two inductors, and the capacitor CsAnd the inductance LF1Is connected to the other end of the capacitor CsThe other end of the first inverter unit is connected with one end of an inductor in the transformer, and the other end of the inductor in the transformer is connected with the other end of the second inverter unit; one end of another inductor in the transformer is connected with the capacitor CssOne terminal of said capacitor CssThe other end of each of the first and second capacitors is connected to a capacitor CLPOne terminal of (1) and an inductance LLS1Is connected to one end of the capacitor CLPWith the other end of the other inductor in the transformer and with the inductor L, respectivelyLS2Is connected to one end of saidInductor LLS1Is connected with one end of the first rectifying unit, and the inductor LLS2And the other end of the second rectifying unit is connected with one end of the second rectifying unit.
4. The converter of claim 3, wherein: the first rectifying unit comprises a diode D1Diode D2And a capacitor COUT1(ii) a The diode D1One end of each of the first and second inductors is connected to the inductor LLS1Another terminal of (1) and a diode D2Is connected to one end of the diode D1And the other end of the capacitor COUT1Is connected to one end of the diode D2Is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C is groundedOUT1And the other end of the same is grounded.
5. The transducer of any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the transformer is a planar air-core transformer.
6. The converter of claim 5, wherein: the impedance network formed by each inversion unit needs to meet the requirement of doubling the switching frequency omegaSAnd triple switching frequency 3 omegaSHigh impedance in the vicinity of the switching frequency 2 omegaSThe voltage between the drain and the source of the switch tube is approximate to a flat top wave, so that the voltage stress at two ends of the switch tube is reduced.
CN202010002809.3A 2020-01-02 2020-01-02 Based on staggered parallel Class phi2Isolated DC/DC converter of circuit Pending CN112583272A (en)

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