CN112583066A - Forklift lithium iron phosphate battery charging method - Google Patents
Forklift lithium iron phosphate battery charging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112583066A CN112583066A CN202010906372.6A CN202010906372A CN112583066A CN 112583066 A CN112583066 A CN 112583066A CN 202010906372 A CN202010906372 A CN 202010906372A CN 112583066 A CN112583066 A CN 112583066A
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- lithium iron
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
- B60L2200/42—Fork lift trucks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a charging method of a lithium iron phosphate battery of a forklift truck, which is characterized in that charging data of a battery cell at different temperatures and different charge states SOC are measured, a charging strategy of a BMS battery system at a battery charge state S0C 0-80% is determined and formulated according to the charging data, and a terminal charging strategy described by the invention is executed at a battery charging terminal 90% -100% in order to meet the working time of a whole vehicle and the service life of the battery cell. The invention increases the normal operation time of the forklift. Increase of the charging capacity: according to the constant current mode, the charging capacity is about 95% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, and according to the method disclosed by the invention, the charging capacity is 100% of the rated capacity of the battery pack; the working time of the forklift is increased by 30-40min, and the charging current is reasonably adjusted to better conform to the charging curve of the battery than the charging performance of the battery in a constant current mode according to the charging performance of the battery at different temperatures, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged by 1-3 years.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of charging of a forklift using a lithium battery, in particular to a lithium battery forklift charging strategy.
Background
Along with the popularization of electric forklifts, more and more forklifts adopt lithium batteries as power sources, and the method of taking lead-acid batteries as power sources in the past is abandoned. Compared with a lead-acid battery, the lithium battery has obvious advantages, such as high discharge efficiency, large specific energy, small environmental pollution, quick charging, no memory effect and the like. Because lithium battery forklifts have the harsh operating mode characteristics of high environmental protection requirement, high use frequency, long operation time and the like, the batteries of the forklifts are charged by adopting a quick charging mode in the prior industry so as to meet the energy consumption required by the normal work of the forklifts, but the service life of the batteries is influenced by adopting a constant-current quick charging method, the capacity of the batteries cannot reach the rated capacity of the batteries, and the working time of the forklifts is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to mainly solve the technical problem that the quick charging capacity of a lithium battery forklift does not reach the standard, and provides a method for charging a lithium iron phosphate battery of the forklift, so that the charging capacity of the battery is improved, and the working operation time of the forklift is increased.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for charging a lithium iron phosphate battery of a forklift is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) the BMS battery system dynamically adjusts the request current according to the charge-discharge meter under the temperature state and the charge state SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery module, and the lithium iron phosphate battery module enters a dynamic charging stage;
2) if the BMS battery system detects that the voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery module reaches the protection threshold value, the three-level alarm Ut3 is given, the BMS battery system cuts off a charging relay, and charging is finished;
3) when the BMS battery system detects that the lithium iron phosphate battery module is charged to a state of charge (SOC) of 90% in the dynamic charging stage, the terminal charging stage is executed, and the terminal charging stage comprises:
a. the BMS battery system detects the voltage of a battery cell of the lithium iron phosphate battery module, when the highest voltage of the battery cell reaches a first threshold voltage U1 each time, the BMS battery system sends a first request current I1 to reduce the current, the charging current Ic is reduced to Icc1, and the lithium iron phosphate battery module is charged by taking the charging current Ic as Icc 1;
b. the BMS battery system detects the voltage of a battery cell of the lithium iron phosphate battery module, when the highest voltage of the battery cell reaches a second threshold voltage U2 each time, the BMS battery system sends a second request current I2 to reduce the current, the charging current Ic is reduced to Icc2, and the lithium iron phosphate battery module is charged by taking the charging current Ic as Icc 2;
c. when the charging current Ic is Icc2, the lithium iron phosphate battery module is charged until the highest voltage of the battery monomer reaches the third threshold voltage U3 each time, the SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery module reaches 100%, the BMS battery system cuts off the charging relay, and the charging is finished;
d. in steps a-c: when the voltage of a battery monomer of the lithium iron phosphate battery module is more than or equal to 3.65V, the BMS battery system cuts off the charging relay to stop charging; and when the maximum temperature of the lithium iron phosphate battery module is higher than 55 ℃, the BMS battery system cuts off the charging relay and stops charging.
Setting three levels of protection thresholds, namely a primary alarm Ut1, a secondary alarm Ut2 and a tertiary alarm Ut3, wherein when the BMS battery system detects that the voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery module reaches the primary alarm Ut1 and the secondary alarm Ut2, the BMS battery system sends a request current to enable the charging pile to adjust the output current to reduce the charging power; when the BMS battery system detects that the voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery module reaches the three-level protection threshold value alarm, the charging is stopped, and the BMS battery system cuts off the charging relay. Condition for setting 100% state of charge SOC: the SOC is set to 100% only by using the normal charging completion as a flag, and the SOC of the charging incomplete state can only reach 99% at most.
The terminal charging phase:
in the step a, U1=3500mV, 0.1C-Icc 1-0.2C; when the battery voltage reaches 3500mv, the SOC is between 80 and 90 percent, the temperature is between 30 and 40 ℃, and the charging current is 0.4C by looking up a table;
in the step b, U2=3600mV, 0.05C is not more than Icc2 and less than 0.1C;
u3=3650mV in step c.
The terminal charging phase:
in step a, U1=3500mV, Icc1= 0.2C;
in step b, U2=3600mV, and Icc2= 0.05C.
The charging pile adjusting time in the steps a and b of the terminal charging stage is Tcc1, Tcc1 is less than or equal to 5s, and the charging current Ic is not adjusted down during the charging pile adjusting time.
The utility model provides a fork truck lithium iron phosphate battery charging circuit, including lithium iron phosphate battery module, charging system, BMS battery system, a DC/DC module for providing auxiliary power supply for BMS battery system power supply, the battery box is arranged in to lithium iron phosphate battery module, lithium iron phosphate battery module adopts the laser welding mode to constitute by the battery monomer of a plurality of series connections, charging system includes direct current charging pile, the direct current socket that charges, lithium iron phosphate battery module series connection relay, the shunt, the fuse, the direct current socket that charges connects in parallel at lithium iron phosphate battery module both ends, BMS battery system, DC/DC module is parallelly connected with lithium iron phosphate battery module respectively, the relay, the shunt, the fuse, the direct current socket that charges is connected with BM. The charging circuit is suitable for quick charging, and the direct current DC is output by the quick charging without passing through a converter.
The communication connector is installed on the battery box, and communication connector one end links to each other with BMS battery system, and the communication connector other end is to inserting the back through the communication plug and is communicated with whole car, can make information display such as battery SOC, voltage, temperature on whole car instrument. The relay, the shunt, the fuse, the direct current charging socket and the communication connector are fixed on the battery box in a bolt connection mode.
A relay: the relay plays the control effect of opening circuit, realizes the control to the relay through BMS battery system, and after charging voltage, electric current, temperature etc. reached the limit threshold value that BMS battery system set for, BMS battery system can give the instruction, and the disconnection relay stops charging, if not set up, then probably leads to the battery to overcharge, serious condition such as excess temperature causes battery irreversible damage, influences life. A flow divider: the shunt is a current detection element, the BMS battery system is converted into a specific charging current value by collecting potential difference change at two ends of the shunt, and if the shunt is not arranged, the charging current cannot be detected. A fuse: the fuse is set for preventing the battery from being damaged by fire, explosion and the like after the battery is short-circuited for some reasons, and the battery can be timely fused to disconnect a battery loop when the short circuit occurs, and the risk can occur if the fuse is not set.
The invention relates to a charging method of a lithium iron phosphate battery of a forklift truck, which is characterized in that a charging strategy of a BMS battery system at a battery charge state S0C 0-80% is determined and formulated according to charging data of a battery cell at different temperatures and different charge states SOC, and a terminal charging strategy described by the invention is executed at a battery charging terminal 90% -100% in order to meet the working time of a whole vehicle and the service life of the battery cell.
The invention provides a charging strategy which meets the requirement of quick charging capacity and increases the normal operation time of a forklift. Increase of the charging capacity: according to the constant current mode, the charging capacity is about 95% of the rated capacity of the battery pack, and according to the method disclosed by the invention, the charging capacity is 100% of the rated capacity of the battery pack; the working time of the forklift is increased by 30-40min, and the charging current is reasonably adjusted to better conform to the charging curve of the battery than the charging performance of the battery in a constant current mode according to the charging performance of the battery at different temperatures, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged by 1-3 years.
Compared with the prior art, the charging strategy of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the charging is not carried out in a constant current mode under different temperatures and different SOC (state of charge) of the battery, but the charging current is changed dynamically through the BMS according to different conditions, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged.
2. When the tail end is charged, a tail end strategy is executed, the charging capacity of the battery is improved compared with the prior art, and the working operation time of the forklift is increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a charging circuit of a lithium iron phosphate battery module according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be fully described below, and the embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the charging circuit of the present invention includes a DC charging socket 2, a lithium iron phosphate battery module 1, a fuse 3, a DC/DC module, a BMS battery system 5, a shunt 4, and a relay 7. Lithium iron phosphate battery module 1, fuse 3, shunt 4, relay 7 and direct current charging socket 2 establish ties together, and BMS battery system 5 connects in parallel behind the DC/DC module, does not need external independent power supply to supply power for it, and BMS battery system 5 can directly be connected in parallel with lithium iron phosphate battery module 1 through the 12V power work of DC/DC follow battery end switching. BMS battery system 5 is connected with lithium iron phosphate battery module 1 and is used for monitoring battery voltage, the electric current, the temperature, SOC, the SOH information, BMS battery system 5 is connected with relay 7 and is used for controlling relay closure and disconnection, BMS battery system 5 is connected with shunt 4 and is used for monitoring charging and discharging current, BMS battery system 5 and relay 7, shunt 4, the electric component of DC charging socket 2 is low voltage connection, BMS battery system 5 and relay 7 are connected through the line to the line connector, pass through M4 collection terminal crimping with the shunt, be connected through the line to the line connector with DC charging socket 2, BMS battery system 5 is connected with DC charging socket 2 and is used for the communication to the outside when charging. There is the low pressure wiring harness above the DC charging socket 2, directly is connected with BMS and is used for the communication of charging, and communication port 6 is used for the whole car communication. The direct current fills electric pile and adopts national standard GBT 27930 and 2015 communication protocol. The charging socket adopts a direct current quick charging socket. The lithium iron phosphate single battery adopts a laser welding mode to form a battery module, and other parts are fixed in the battery box in a bolt connection mode.
The charging strategy of the invention:
a method for charging a lithium iron phosphate battery of a forklift comprises the following steps: after the direct current charging socket inserted the rifle that charges, BMS battery system detected CC2 signal and awakened up, BMS battery system awakens up back self-checking, and it is abnormal that inspection BMS self has, and the charging procedure is then executed to no abnormity, and output 12V enable signal control closes total negative relay (total negative relay indicates relay 7 promptly), charging relay, accomplishes control closed relay and carries out the signal interaction with direct current charging stake, enters the charging phase after shaking hands successfully. In the charging process, the charging current of the BMS battery system is adjusted at any time through a CAN (controller area network) line, the charging and discharging meters under different temperature and different SOC (state of charge) states according to different cell models (mainly different in capacity), the charging current of the battery under different temperature and different SOC states is different, the BMS CAN dynamically adjust the charging current according to a first data table provided by a battery manufacturer, the battery is not charged in a constant current mode, the cell is prevented from being overcharged, and the service life of the cell is influenced. Due to the characteristics of the lithium iron phosphate, the working voltage range of the battery is 2.5-3.65V, three levels of alarms are set for BMS protection threshold values, wherein the first level alarm and the second level alarm reduce charging power, the third level alarm disconnects a relay, and the threshold values are respectively set to be 3.55V/3.60V/3.65V. When the lithium iron phosphate battery module is charged to the state of charge SOC90%,
at this point, the end charging strategy is executed:
1. when the highest voltage of the battery monomer reaches 3500mV each time, a request current is sent to a charging pile through a BMS battery system, the charging pile adjusts the output current, reduces the charging current to 0.2C, and adjusts the charging pile within 5S, wherein the charging current is not reduced;
2. when the maximum voltage of the battery monomer reaches 3600mV, a request current is sent to a charging pile through a BMS battery system, the charging pile adjusts the output current, the charging current is reduced, and the current reduction is 0.05C;
3. after the battery monomer maximum voltage 3650mV is charged with 0.05C, the BMS battery system sends the completion of charging message to the charging pile, and the control charging pile stops charging, receives to fill the pile and stops the disconnection of message command number and fills the contactor, specifically is: the BMS battery system calibrates the SOC of the battery to be 100%, sends the SOC of the battery through CAN communication, calibrates the SOC to be 100%, and triggers a set threshold value when the BMS battery system detects the 100% of the battery state, disconnects a charging relay, and automatically disconnects the charging pile after detecting that the battery has no external total pressure.
4. Condition for setting 100% state of charge SOC: the SOC is set to be 100% only by taking the normal charging completion as a mark, and the SOC of the charging incomplete state can only reach 99% at most;
5. in the charging process, when the voltage of the single battery is more than or equal to 3.65V, the BMS battery system sends a charging completion message to the charger, the charger immediately stops charging, and the charging relay is disconnected;
6. after electrifying or in the charging process, the BMS battery system detects the highest temperature of the battery module, generally, after the battery core is higher than 55 ℃ according to the use of the battery core and the measured data, the charging performance is rapidly reduced, and the forced charging possibly causes the separation of the battery electrolyte, namely, the separation of lithium generally speaking, the safety risk can occur, the general charging range is 0-55 ℃, and the BMS battery system controls the disconnection of the charging relay, so that the disconnection of the charging loop realizes the stopping of charging.
Table one:
in conclusion, the charging strategy of the forklift saves the charging time of the forklift and is beneficial to improving the charging efficiency. Meanwhile, the charging capacity of the battery is increased, the operation time of the forklift is prolonged, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Claims (5)
1. A method for charging a lithium iron phosphate battery of a forklift is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) the BMS battery system dynamically adjusts the request current according to the charge-discharge meter under the temperature state and the charge state SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery module, and the lithium iron phosphate battery module enters a dynamic charging stage;
2) if the BMS battery system in the step 1) detects that the voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery module reaches a protection threshold value, a three-level alarm Ut3 is given, and charging is stopped;
3) when the BMS battery system detects that the lithium iron phosphate battery module is charged to a state of charge (SOC) of 90% in the dynamic charging stage, the terminal charging stage is executed, and the terminal charging stage comprises:
a. the BMS battery system detects the voltage of a battery cell of the lithium iron phosphate battery module, when the highest voltage of the battery cell reaches a first threshold voltage U1 each time, the BMS battery system sends a first request current I1 to reduce the current, the charging current Ic is reduced to Icc1, and the lithium iron phosphate battery module is charged by taking the charging current Ic as Icc 1;
b. the BMS battery system detects the voltage of a battery cell of the lithium iron phosphate battery module, when the highest voltage of the battery cell reaches a second threshold voltage U2 each time, the BMS battery system sends a second request current I2 to reduce the current, the charging current Ic is reduced to Icc2, and the lithium iron phosphate battery module is charged by taking the charging current Ic as Icc 2;
c. when the charging current Ic is Icc2, the lithium iron phosphate battery module is charged until the highest voltage of the battery monomer reaches the third threshold voltage U3 each time, the SOC of the lithium iron phosphate battery module reaches 100%, the BMS battery system cuts off the charging relay, and the charging is finished;
d. in steps a-c: when the voltage of a battery monomer of the lithium iron phosphate battery module is more than or equal to 3.65V, the BMS battery system cuts off the charging relay to stop charging; and when the maximum temperature of the lithium iron phosphate battery module is higher than 55 ℃, the BMS battery system cuts off the charging relay and stops charging.
2. The method for charging lithium iron phosphate batteries for forklifts according to claim 1, characterized in that: setting three levels of protection thresholds, namely a primary alarm Ut1, a secondary alarm Ut2 and a tertiary alarm Ut3, wherein when the BMS battery system detects that the voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery module reaches the primary alarm Ut1 and the secondary alarm Ut2, the BMS battery system sends a request current to enable the charging pile to adjust the output current to reduce the charging power; when the BMS battery system detects that the voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery module reaches the protection threshold value tertiary alarm Ut3, the charging is stopped, and the BMS battery system cuts off the charging relay.
3. The method for charging lithium iron phosphate batteries for forklifts according to claim 1, characterized in that: the terminal charging phase:
in the step a, U1=3500mV, 0.1C-Icc 1-0.2C;
in the step b, U2=3600mV, 0.05C is not more than Icc2 and less than 0.1C;
u3=3650mV in step c.
4. The method for charging a lithium iron phosphate battery of a forklift truck according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the terminal charging phase:
in step a, U1=3500mV, Icc1= 0.2C;
in step b, U2=3600mV, and Icc2= 0.05C.
5. The method for charging lithium iron phosphate batteries for forklifts as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the charging pile adjusting time in the steps a and b of the terminal charging stage is Tcc1, Tcc1 is less than or equal to 5s, and the charging current Ic is not adjusted down during the charging pile adjusting time.
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