CN112581837B - Power transmission overhead line sag teaching device and method based on image recognition technology - Google Patents
Power transmission overhead line sag teaching device and method based on image recognition technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power transmission overhead line sag teaching device based on an image recognition technology, which comprises a support base and a support upper cover matched with the support base, wherein a liftable camera is arranged in the support base, a transverse guide rail is arranged in the support upper cover, two transverse slide blocks in sliding fit with the transverse guide rail are arranged on the transverse guide rail, a vertical guide rod is arranged on the transverse slide blocks, a vertical slide block in sliding fit with the vertical guide rod is arranged on the vertical guide rod, the vertical slide block is fixedly connected with one end of a cross arm of a rotating arm, an electronic dynamometer is arranged on the cross arm of the rotating arm, and the detection ends of the two electronic dynamometers are connected with the end part of a flexible wire; the invention can simulate and demonstrate the complex physical state of the sag of the overhead line, directly obtain the actual sag after image processing, and compare the actual sag with the calculated sag to obtain the actual feedback, thereby improving the teaching effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission line teaching, in particular to a power transmission overhead line sag teaching device and method based on an image recognition technology.
Background
In modern society, power transmission lines are used as important energy arteries and are divided into overhead power transmission lines and underground lines according to structural forms. The overhead transmission line is used as the current most main electric energy transmission carrier, and is convenient to erect and maintain, low in cost and widely applied to large-scale long-distance transmission. The study of the composition of the power transmission overhead line and the study of various parameters of the power transmission overhead line are necessary in the study of electrical disciplines, the sag of the power transmission overhead line is used as a main index of the safe operation of the power transmission overhead line, and accurate measurement and calculation need to be realized in the initial design and later maintenance of the power transmission overhead line. In traditional teaching process, because objective reason, classroom teaching can't move into the classroom with a certain section equipment of transmission of electricity overhead line, and solitary theoretical teaching, it is from the basic equation of flexible line to go out, deducing according to flexible line tension, inclination or temperature etc. and calculating the flexible line sag, the student only stops theoretical calculation aspect to the cognition that the flexible line sag, not only too abstract, difficult understanding, be difficult to have audio-visual understanding, and the student does not follow behind the calculated result and learn whether the calculated result accords with the reality or not, lack actual feedback, the teaching effect can not obtain fine assurance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provides a power transmission overhead line sag teaching device and method based on an image recognition technology, so that the complicated physical state of the power transmission overhead line sag is simulated and demonstrated, the actual sag is directly obtained after image processing and is compared with the calculated sag, actual feedback is obtained, and the teaching effect is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a transmission of electricity overhead line arc teaching device that hangs down based on image recognition technology, including supporting the base and with support the base complex and support the upper cover, be equipped with the camera of liftable in the support base, be equipped with transverse guide in supporting the upper cover, be equipped with two on the transverse guide rather than sliding fit's horizontal slider, be equipped with vertical guide rod on the horizontal slider, be equipped with on the vertical guide rod rather than sliding fit's vertical slider, vertical slider and rocking arm cross arm one end fixed connection are equipped with the electron dynamometer on the rocking arm cross arm, and flexible line tip is connected to two electron dynamometer test ends.
Preferably, the back of the supporting base is hinged with the supporting upper cover through a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected with the output shaft of the motor.
Preferably, a telescopic supporting rod is further arranged between the supporting base and the supporting upper cover.
Preferably, the camera output end is connected with a computer through a data transmission line.
Preferably, it is characterized in that: the camera is arranged at the top of the spring support, the bottom of the spring support is hinged to the bottom of the support base, the side of the spring support is connected with the bottom of the support base through a compression spring, and a locking device for limiting the top of the spring support is arranged at the bottom of the support base.
Preferably, the top of the spring support is also provided with a lighting lamp, and one side opposite to the locking device is vertically provided with a baffle.
Preferably, the vertical guide rod is a cylindrical rod, a circular through hole in sliding fit with the vertical guide rod is formed in the vertical sliding block, and a screw hole used for penetrating and setting the jacking screw is formed between the outer surface of the vertical sliding block and the circular through hole.
In addition, the invention also discloses a using method of the device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1): moving the transverse sliding block to different point positions on the transverse guide rail, and moving the vertical sliding block to different point positions on the vertical guide rod, so that the flexible wire presents different arc sag forms;
step 2): the camera acquires images of the flexible wires in different forms, transmits the images to the computer, and processes the images through the computer;
and step 3): establishing a Cartesian coordinate system in the image obtained in the step 2), setting the lower left corner of the image as a coordinate axis origin (0, 0), defining the lower edge as an x axis, setting the left edge as a y axis, and obtaining a state equation of a curve formed by flexible lines in the image, wherein the state equation comprises the following steps: y is1＝Ax1 2+Bx1+ C, where A, B, C is a constant, x1Is the abscissa, y1Is a vertical coordinate;
and step 4): the equation of a straight line obtained by connecting any two points in the curve of the step 3) is as follows: y is2＝kx2+ b, where k and b are constants, x2Is the abscissa, y2Is a vertical coordinate;
step 5): in the same vertical position, x1＝x2At this time y2-y1Obtaining the sag expression of Y ═ k-B) x1-Ax1 2+b-C；
Step 6): and (4) deriving the arc sag expression to enable the derivative to be zero, wherein x corresponds to the zero1The obtained sag Y is the maximum sag;
step 7): the axial stress of the flexible wire obtained by the electronic dynamometer is respectively sigmaAAnd σBCalculating the maximum sag YmaxAnd comparing with the maximum sag obtained in the step 6).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention simulates and demonstrates the state of the power transmission overhead line in the teaching process, enhances the intuitive and perceptual knowledge of students, and combines some important concepts and definitions with classroom teaching instant teaching.
2. The method can simulate and demonstrate the complex physical state of the sag of the overhead line, directly obtain the actual sag after image processing, and compare the actual sag with the calculated sag to obtain actual feedback; and the sag and the maximum sag of the measured flexible wire can be obtained in a very short time in the teaching process.
3. The result obtained by the method is compared with the result calculated by the student through the formula, whether the calculated sag is accurate or not is checked, and the impression of the student on the calculation of the sag of the power transmission line is deepened.
4. Due to the adoption of the folding storage technology, the teaching aid can be well stored in non-teaching time, and teaching space resources are saved.
5. According to the invention, through linkage collocation of the transverse sliding block and the vertical sliding block, the horizontal and vertical distances can be flexibly adjusted, the simulation of various conditions is realized, and the example styles are greatly enriched.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power transmission overhead line sag teaching device based on an image recognition technology;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rear side structure of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a transmission of electricity overhead line arc teaching device that hangs down based on image recognition technology, including supporting base 1 and supporting upper cover 2 with supporting base 1 complex, be equipped with liftable camera 16 in the support base 1, be equipped with transverse guide 11 in the support upper cover 2, be equipped with two transverse sliding block 5 rather than sliding fit on transverse guide 11, be equipped with vertical guide arm 6 on the transverse sliding block 5, be equipped with on the vertical guide arm 6 rather than sliding fit's vertical slider 10, vertical slider 10 and rocking arm cross arm 7 one end fixed connection are equipped with electron dynamometer 8 on rocking arm cross arm 7, and flexible line 19 tip is connected to two electron dynamometer 8 sense terminals.
Preferably, the back of the supporting base 1 is hinged with the supporting upper cover 2 through a rotating shaft 15, and the rotating shaft 15 is connected with an output shaft of the motor 14. Because the supporting base 1 and the supporting upper cover 2 have larger sizes, the manual opening and closing operation is difficult, and the supporting upper cover 2 can be automatically opened and closed by the driving of the motor 14, thereby saving time and labor. Preferably, the motor 14 can be a through motor, so that two rotating shafts 15 can be connected respectively.
Preferably, a telescopic supporting rod 9 is further arranged between the supporting base 1 and the supporting upper cover 2. In this embodiment, the retractable supporting rod 9 can be a hydraulic supporting rod or a self-locking gas spring structure, and can form a guiding support for opening and closing the supporting upper cover 2.
Preferably, the output of the camera 16 is connected to the computer 12 via a data transmission line 13.
Preferably, it is characterized in that: the camera 16 is arranged at the top of the spring support 4, the bottom of the spring support 4 is hinged to the bottom of the support base 1, the side of the spring support 4 is connected with the bottom of the support base 1 through a compression spring, and a locking device 18 for limiting the top of the spring support 4 is arranged at the bottom of the support base 1. When the camera 16 is required to be used for photographing, the locking device 18 can be opened, the locking device 18 in this embodiment can be of a buckle type structure, the top of the spring support 4 can be clamped, and when the locking device 18 is opened, the spring support 4 can be erected under the elastic force of the compression spring.
Preferably, the top of the spring support 4 is also provided with a lighting lamp 17, and the side opposite to the locking device 18 is vertically provided with a baffle plate 3. The baffle 3 can limit the spring support 4, the spring support 4 stands up due to the elastic force of the compression spring, and the baffle 3 can prevent the spring support 4 from inclining.
Preferably, the vertical guide rod 6 is a cylindrical rod, a circular through hole in sliding fit with the vertical guide rod 6 is formed in the vertical slider 10, and a screw hole 20 for penetrating and arranging a tightening screw is formed between the outer surface of the vertical slider 10 and the circular through hole. After the design like this, vertical slider 10 can rotate on vertical guide arm 6, conveniently turns to rocking arm cross arm 7 and is close to and supports 2 one sides of upper cover, convenient storage, and vertical slider 10 can slide from top to bottom on vertical guide arm in addition, when sliding to certain concrete position, through screwing up the top screw, can play limiting displacement with vertical slider 10's rigidity.
In addition, the invention also discloses a using method of the device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1): moving the transverse slider 5 on the transverse guide 11 to different point positions and moving the vertical slider 10 on the vertical guide bar 6 to different point positions, so that the flexible wire 19 presents different sag shapes;
step 2): the camera 16 collects images of the flexible wires 19 in different forms, transmits the images to the computer 12, and processes the images through the computer 12;
the specific process of image processing in this embodiment is: firstly, carrying out Gaussian blur processing on the obtained image, removing noise in the image to obtain a pure image, and more conveniently extracting the display flexible line; further, in the processing process of the computer 12, the obtained image is subjected to graying processing, and the image is processed by a Canny edge detection operator, so that the edge of the flexible line is obtained;
and step 3): establishing a Cartesian coordinate system in the image obtained in the step 2), setting the lower left corner of the image as a coordinate axis origin (0, 0), defining the lower edge as an x axis, and setting the left edge as a y axis, and obtaining a state equation of a curve formed by the flexible lines 19 in the image as follows: y is1＝Ax1 2+Bx1+ C, where A, B, C is a constant, x1Is the abscissa, y1Is a vertical coordinate;
in step 3), since the flexible line 19 itself has a certain width, two parallel curves are displayed on the image, i.e. the upper boundary curve ysAnd lower boundary curve yxIn this embodiment, y1Get ysAnd yxIs the average value of y1＝(ys+yx) And/2, the value is more accurate.
Further, the equation of state of the curve: y is1＝Ax1 2+Bx1The + C derivation procedure is as follows:
because in the computer process, the catenary curve state equation is mostly solved in the industry, as shown in the following formula:
y＝a*ch(x/a+archn-l/a)-a*ch(archn-l/a)
in the formula, ch () is a hyperbolic cosine function, arch () is an inverse hyperbolic cosine function, a is an unknown quantity to be solved, n is a secant value after secant is carried out on an included angle between a tangent line at a target point and a coordinate axis, and (l, h) are coordinates of the target point.
Considering that the values of the original models are smaller in the device, the simplified equation uses an 'oblique parabolic method' to simplify the existing catenary equation, so that the state equation y is obtained as Ax2+Bx+C；
And step 4): the equation of a straight line obtained by connecting any two points in the curve of the step 3) is as follows: y is2＝kx2+ b, where k and b are constants, x2Is the abscissa, y2Is a vertical coordinate;
step 5): in the same vertical position, x1＝x2At this time y2-y1Obtaining the sag expression of Y ═ k-B) x1-Ax1 2+ b-C; in this embodiment, the sag is defined as: the vertical distance between any point on the overhead line and the connecting line of the two suspension points;
step 6): and (4) deriving the arc sag expression to enable the derivative to be zero, wherein x corresponds to the zero1The obtained sag Y is the maximum sag;
step 7): the axial stress of the flexible wire obtained by the electronic dynamometer 8 is respectively sigmaAAnd σBCalculating the maximum sag YmaxAnd comparing with the maximum sag obtained in the step 6).
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the embodiments and features in the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and is intended to include equivalents of the features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of this invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for using a power transmission overhead line sag teaching device based on an image recognition technology comprises a supporting base (1) and a supporting upper cover (2) matched with the supporting base (1), wherein a liftable camera (16) is arranged in the supporting base (1), a transverse guide rail (11) is arranged in the supporting upper cover (2), two transverse sliding blocks (5) in sliding fit with the transverse guide rail (11) are arranged on the transverse guide rail (11), a vertical guide rod (6) is arranged on the transverse sliding blocks (5), a vertical sliding block (10) in sliding fit with the vertical guide rod (6) is arranged on the vertical guide rod (6), the vertical sliding block (10) is fixedly connected with one end of a rotary arm cross arm (7), an electronic dynamometer (8) is arranged on the rotary arm cross arm (7), and the detection ends of the two electronic dynamometers (8) are connected with the end part of a flexible line (19); the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1): moving the transverse slider (5) to different point positions on the transverse guide rail (11) and moving the vertical slider (10) to different point positions on the vertical guide rod (6) so that the flexible wire (19) presents different arc-shaped verticality forms;
step 2): the camera (16) collects images of the flexible wires (19) in different forms, transmits the images to the computer (12), and processes the images through the computer (12);
step 3): establishing a Cartesian coordinate system in the image obtained in the step 2), setting the lower left corner of the image as a coordinate axis origin (0, 0), defining the lower edge as an x axis, and setting the left edge as a y axis, and obtaining a state equation of a curve formed by flexible lines (19) in the image, wherein the state equation comprises the following steps: y is1＝Ax1 2+Bx1+ C, where A, B, C is a constant, x1Is the abscissa, y1Is a vertical coordinate;
and step 4): by connecting any of the curves of step 3)The equation of a straight line obtained from two points is: y is2＝kx2+ b, where k and b are constants, x2Is the abscissa, y2Is a vertical coordinate;
step 5): in the same vertical position, x1＝x2At this time y2-y1Obtaining the sag expression of Y ═ k-B) x1-Ax1 2+b-C；
Step 6): and (4) performing derivation on the sag expression to ensure that the derivative is zero, and obtaining the corresponding x at the moment1The obtained sag Y is the maximum sag;
step 7): the axial stress of the flexible line obtained by the electronic dynamometer (8) is respectively sigma A and sigma B, and the maximum sag Y is calculatedmaxAnd comparing with the maximum sag obtained in the step 6).
2. The use method of the power transmission overhead line sag teaching device based on the image recognition technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the back of the supporting base (1) is hinged with the supporting upper cover (2) through a rotating shaft (15), and the rotating shaft (15) is connected with an output shaft of the motor (14).
3. The use method of the power transmission overhead line sag teaching device based on the image recognition technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: a telescopic supporting rod (9) is arranged between the supporting base (1) and the supporting upper cover (2).
4. The use method of the power transmission overhead line sag teaching device based on the image recognition technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output end of the camera (16) is connected with the computer (12) through a data transmission line (13).
5. The use method of the power transmission overhead line sag teaching device based on the image recognition technology according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the camera (16) is arranged at the top of the spring support (4), the bottom of the spring support (4) is hinged to the bottom of the support base (1), the side of the spring support (4) is connected with the bottom of the support base (1) through a compression spring, and a locking device (18) for limiting the top of the spring support (4) is arranged at the bottom of the support base (1).
6. The use method of the power transmission overhead line sag teaching device based on the image recognition technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: the top of the spring support (4) is also provided with a lighting lamp (17), and one side opposite to the locking device (18) is vertically provided with a baffle plate (3).
7. The use method of the power transmission overhead line sag teaching device based on the image recognition technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vertical guide rod (6) is a cylindrical rod, a circular through hole in sliding fit with the vertical guide rod (6) is formed in the vertical sliding block (10), and a screw hole (20) used for penetrating and setting a jacking screw is formed between the outer surface of the vertical sliding block (10) and the circular through hole.
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Application publication date: 20210330 Assignee: Yichang Yizhixing Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHINA THREE GORGES University Contract record no.: X2023980034895 Denomination of invention: A teaching device and method for overhead transmission line sag based on image recognition technology Granted publication date: 20220715 License type: Common License Record date: 20230426 |
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