CN1125813A - 提取原油的方法 - Google Patents
提取原油的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1125813A CN1125813A CN95117333A CN95117333A CN1125813A CN 1125813 A CN1125813 A CN 1125813A CN 95117333 A CN95117333 A CN 95117333A CN 95117333 A CN95117333 A CN 95117333A CN 1125813 A CN1125813 A CN 1125813A
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- alkyl
- crude oil
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- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- -1 n-pro-pyl Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical group CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005682 EO-PO block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003619 algicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGRJVVYOZQBSSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound [Ca].CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O OGRJVVYOZQBSSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004966 cyanoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[[oxido(oxo)silyl]oxy]silane hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])=O FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium stearate Chemical group [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/584—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/26—Oil-in-water emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
在本发明的方法中,借助于如下组分的乳液,从含原油的油层中提取原油,A)100重量份有机多分子硅醚,B)10-100重量份表面活性剂,C)水。
Description
本发明涉及使用有机多分子硅醚乳液从含原油的油层中提取原油的方法。
在绝大多数含原油的油层中,由于在油层中的压力占优势,因此原油从钻孔中压出。如果自然压力不战以回收原油的话,向油层中泵入辅助配合剂,如水,水/表面活性剂混合物或气体,以增加压力和/或从载油层中替换出原油。
US-A-4,197,912披露了一种从含原油的油层中提取原油的方法,其中,将有机硅氧烷溶解或分散在烃中,并将该溶液或分散体泵入钻孔中,以增加收率。由于适合的烃的低闪点和低蒸汽压,因此在钻孔中使用大量烃是非常危险的。在广阔的油层和低原油含量的油层的情况下,所要使用的烃量是不经济的。
此外,已描述了若干个从含原油的油层中提取原油的方法,其中,为了在油层中形成表面活性剂溶液前沿,将表面活性剂水溶液注入到注射井中,该溶液前沿将原油向着产油井的方向推进。在该过程中形成的水、表面活性剂和原油的混合物通过产油井提取出。这样的方法描述于US-A-4,296,812中。该表面活性剂水溶液含有其浓度远远低于表面活性剂浓度的二氧化硅/二烷基硅氧烷。US-A-4,230,182披露了类似的方法,其中,注射含表面活性剂的流体,该流体含有含表面活性剂的水相和至多含15%(重量)油溶硅化合物的不连续的烃相。
然而,在上述的方法中,原油的置换效率不能令人满意。原油的置换效率表明了从地层中置换和提取的原油与地层中所含原油总量的比例。
实际上,油层包含对表面活性剂水溶液有不同渗透性的一些层。表面活性剂溶液前沿不能形成,取而代之的是,大量表面活性剂溶液通过更易渗透的层迅速流至产油井。结果提取的水、表面活性剂和原油的混合物的原油含量常常低得在经济上无进一步处理的意义。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种从含原油的油层中提取原油的方法,该方法具有高的原油置换效率和提取的混合物的高原油含量。
本发明涉及从含原油的油层中提取原油的方法,其中使用合如下组分的乳液:
A)100重量份有机多分子硅醚,
B)10-100重量份表面活性剂,
C)水。
在本发明的方法中,所使用的表面活性剂(B)的量仅仅足以保持有机多分子硅醚(A)以及,如果合适的话,添加剂(D)于乳液中。
有机多分子硅醚(A)有低的表面张力,在含原油的油层的岩石中有良好的扩散性,对含原油的地层有良好的湿润性,对于存在于油层中的成形物、原油和在提取中使用的材料呈化学惰性。该有机多分子硅醚(A)还能对原油的处理过程起有益的作用,例如抑制泡沫的作用。特别是,有机多分子硅醚(A)在70℃是热稳定的,这比油层中常用的温度如Wastern Siberia的油田中的温度高得多。
优选有机多分子硅醚(A)由下面通式(I)-(VII)的单元构成:
R3SiO1/2 (I)
R2SiO (II)
RSiO3/2 (III)
SiO4/2 (IV)
R2(R’O)SiO1/2 (V)
R(R’O)SiO (VI)
R’OSiO3/2 (VII)其中:
R表示具有1-18个碳原子的一价烃基,该烃基被卤原子,氰基,氨基,烷基氨基,季铵,巯基,环氧基,酐基,羧酸根合,磺酸根合,硫酸根合,磷酸根合,异氰酸根合或聚氧化烯基团取代或未取代,
R’表示具有1-30个碳原子和氢原子的一价烃基,该烃基被卤原子,氰基,氨基,烷基氨基,季铵,巯基,环氧基,酐基,羧酸根合,磺酸根合,硫酸根合,磷酸根合,异氰酸根合或聚氧化烯基团取代或未取代。
烃基R和R’的例子有烷基,如甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,正戊基,异戊基,新戊基和叔戊基;己基如正己基;庚基如正庚基;辛基,如正辛基和异辛基如2,2,4-三甲基戊基;壬基如正壬基;癸基如正癸基;十二烷基如正十二烷基;十八烷基如正十八烷基;链烯基,如乙烯基,烯丙基和5-己烯-1-基;环烷基,如环戊基,环己基和环庚基和甲基环己基;芳基,如苯基,萘基,蒽基和菲基;烷芳基,如邻-、间-、对-甲苯基,二甲苯基和乙苯基;芳烷基,如苄基,α-和β-苯乙基。
取代的基团R和R’的例子是氰烷基,如β-氰乙基,和被氟、氯或溴原子卤化的烃基,例如卤代烷基,如3,3,3-三氟正丙基,2,2,2,2’,2’,2’,-六氟异丙基,七氟异丙基,和卤代芳基,如邻-、间-和对-氯苯基。
优选至少90%(摩尔)的R基为甲基、乙基或苯基,特别是甲基。
被聚氧化烯基团取代的基团R和R’的例子是通式(VIII)的基团,
-R1-[O(CR2)c]dOR2 (VIII)式中:
R1表示二价C1-C6的亚烷基,
R2表示氢原子或一价C1-C6烃基,
c表示0,1,2,3,4或5,优选2或3,
d表示1-100的整数,优选1-10。
二价基团R1的例子为饱和的直链或支链亚烷基或环亚烷基基团,如亚甲基和亚乙基基团和1,2-亚丙基,亚丁基,亚戊基,亚己基,2-甲基亚丙基和环亚己基基团,或不饱和的亚烷基基团,如1,3-亚丙烯基和亚己烯基基团。
一价基团R2的例子是上述R和R’的例子所列出的。
优选至多5%(摩尔)的有机多分子硅醚(A)单元为通式(V)-(Ⅶ)。
优选有机多分子硅醚(A)含有至少50%(重量)、特别是至少80%(重量)的有机多分子硅醚(A1),A1至少含90%(摩尔)、特别是95%(摩尔)的通式(II)的单元,优选剩下单元的至少50%(摩尔)为通式(I)和(V)。另外还优选的是,25℃时有机多分子硅醚(A1)的平均粘度为50-500,000mpa·s,特别是350-60,000mPa·s 。
优选有机多分子硅醚(A)含有至少0.5%(重量)、特别是至少1%(重量),和优选至多20%(重量)的有机多分子硅醚树脂(A2),A2至少含90%(摩尔)、特别是95%(摩尔)的通式(I),(IV)和(V)的单元。例如,有机多分子硅醚树脂(A2)在室温可是固体,并且每单位量的通式(IV)可以有0.25-1.25单位量的通式(I)。
这些优选的有机多分子硅醚树脂(A2)可含有由其制备产生的、总共至多5%(重量)的Si-键合的烷氧基基团或羟基。有机多分子硅醚树脂(A2)通常与聚二甲基硅氧烷不是完全可混溶的。
尽管在通式(I)-(III)中没有指出,但是某些基团R可通过氢原子直接键合至硅原子上而替代。然而这不是优选的。
优选表面活性剂(B)从下面的的表面活性剂中选择:
1、例如具有8-18个碳原子链长的烷基硫酸盐,在疏水基中有8-18个碳原子并且有1-40个环氧乙烷(EO)或环氧丙烷(PO)单元的烷基醚硫酸盐。
2、磺酸盐,例如,具有8-18个碳原子的烷基磺酸盐,具有8-18个碳原子的烷芳基磺酸盐,磺基丁二酸与具有4-15个碳原子的一元醇或烷基苯酚的酯和半酯;如果合适的话,这些醇或烷基苯酚还能与1-40个EO单元进行乙氧基化反应。
3、在烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基中有8-20个碳原子并有1-40个EO或PO单元的羧酸和聚(亚烷基二醇)醚羧酸的碱金属盐和铵盐。
4、磷酸的偏酯和它们的碱金属盐和铵盐,例如,在有机基团中有8-20个碳原子的烷基磷酸盐和烷芳基磷酸盐;在烷基基团或烷芳基基团中有8-20个碳原子并有1-40个EO单元的烷基醚磷酸盐或烷芳基醚磷酸盐。
5、优选有2-40个EO单元和4-20个碳原子的烷基基团的烷基聚乙二醇醚。
6、有2-40个EO单元并在烷基和芳基基团中有8-20个碳原子的的烷芳基聚乙二醇醚。
7、具有8-40个EO或PO单元的环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷(EO/PO)-嵌段共聚物。
8、有6-24个碳原子和2-40个EO单元的脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯。
9、通式R”-O-Zo的烷基聚苷,式中R”表示直链或支链,饱和或不饱和的平均含8-24个碳原子的烷基基团,Zo表示平均o=1-10个己糖或戊糖单元或它们的混合物的低聚苷基团。
10、具有烷氧基基团,至多24个碳原子和/或至多40个EO和/或PO基团的含极性基团的线性有机多分子硅醚。
11、C8-24的伯、仲和叔脂肪胺与乙酸、硫酸、盐酸和磷酸的盐。
12、其烷基有6-24个碳原子的甲基烷基季铵盐和甲基烷基苄基季铵盐,特别是卤化物,硫酸盐,磷酸盐,乙酸盐和氢氧化物。
13、其烷基链至多有18个碳原子,特别是以其囱化物,硫酸盐,磷酸盐和乙酸盐形式的烷基吡啶鎓盐,烷基咪唑鎓盐和烷基噁唑鎓盐。
可以使用单一的表面活性剂,也可以使用多种表面活性剂的混合物。
特别优选的表面活性剂是上面列出的1,2,5,6,7和8,特另是1,2,6和7。
优选每100重量份有机多分子硅醚(A)使用30-80重量份表面活性剂(B)。
作为添加剂(D),该乳液可含有例如填料,杀真菌剂,杀细菌剂,杀藻剂,生物杀伤剂,芳香化合物,腐蚀抑制剂,以及虽然不是优选的有机溶剂。
填料的例子为亲水和疏水的硅、镁或锌的氧化物,在任何情况下,这些氧化物优选具有至少50m2/g的表面积;原子序数为12-30、根据门捷列夫元素周期表第II或第III族的元素与每分子有12-22碳原子的脂族一元羧酸或羟基羧酸的盐,如硬脂酸钙或12-羟基硬脂酸钙。在乳液中填料的进一步的例子是硬脂酸锂,硅酸镁,硅酸铝镁。特别优选热解产生的或沉淀的,特别是疏水化的表面积至少为50m2/g(高度分散的硅酸)的二氧化硅。
乳液可含有一种填料或至少两种不同种类填料的混合物。优选每100重量份有机多分子硅醚(A)含至多20重量份特别是2-8重量份的填料。
乳液可含有少量有机溶剂,这是由于它们的制备所造成的。特别是在有机多分子硅醚树脂的制备中,经常使用有机溶剂。如果乳液含有有机溶剂,它们的含量以100重量份有机多分子硅醚(A)计优选至多15重量份,特别是至多1重量份。
每100重量份有机多分子硅醚(A)的填料用量优选至多20重量份,特别是2-8重量份。
用任何希望的顺序,通过将它们的组份混合可制得乳液。
乳液中有机多分子硅醚(A),表面活性剂(B)以及如果合适的话还有添加剂(D)的总量以乳液的重量为准优选为0.01-2%(重量),特别是0.05-1%(重量)。
在下面的例子中,除非另有说明,
a)所有的用量均为重量;
b)所有的压力均为0.10MPa(绝对)
c)所有的温度均为20℃。
实施例1
根据Western Siberia的Tyumen处的油田的载油岩层的不同渗透性的两个地壳岩芯的层模型,描述本发明的方法。
渗透性被定义为在确定的压力梯度的试验下,确定的气体体积通过岩芯试样的过滤时间。
用具有不同成份岩芯的地壳材料装填两个等长和等直径的柱。然后对每个柱测定基于气体(绝对渗透性)的渗透性。通过分接至两柱的入口管添加液体。两个柱的末端合并成一个出口管。在两个柱的两端均装有测量流速的装置。对于55℃的温度,该模型是热稳定的。实验在10MPa下进行。
首先用水将两柱饱和。
然后用上述Tyumen处油田的原油将两柱饱和。为此,需要两倍于孔积量的层模型。然后再用水冲洗两个柱。当从出口管中流出的实际上是纯净的水时,测定两柱中流速比率,该比率越接近1,原油的收率越高。
测量从岩石中置换出的原油的比例,并与饱和两柱起始所需的原油量比较。原油置换效率表明了从岩石中置换出的原油与含在岩石中总原油相比的比例。取饱和岩石所需的原油量为100%。
然后,首先通过柱冲洗20%孔积的活性化合物,然后冲洗水,直至流出实际上纯水。
再次测定两柱中流速的比率。
测量从岩石中另外置换的原油比例,计以原油置换效率的增加,并加至上述原油置换效率中。
为了进一步用不同的活性化合物进行试验,用新的岩料填充两个柱。活性化合物溶液的组成:
活性化合物溶液a为
Extract 700的2.5%的水稀释液,得自Wacker -Chemie GmbH,Munich的聚硅氧烷乳液。
Extract 700含有:
--9.5%的有机多分子硅醚;其成分为:
粘度为350Pa·s的聚二甲硅氧烷
由Me3SiO1/2和SiO4/2单元组
成的树脂
(α,ω-烷氧基官能的硅油
--7%的下述成分的 非离子表面活性剂(NOAS):
4%的多元醇与脂肪酸的酯的混合物,
3%的乙氧基化脂肪醇;
--0.5%的高度分散的硅酸,
--83%的水。
因此得到了有机多分子硅醚与NOAS的比率为9.5∶7=1.36。
活性化合物溶液b含有:
1.25%的Extract 700(参见上述),
0.3%的WOF P-100,得自Buna的乙氧基化的烷基苯酚。
因此计算出有机多分子硅醚/NOAS的比率为0.31。
活性化合物溶液c含有:
0.25%的Extract 700(参见上述)
0.40%的WOF P-100。
因此计算出有机多分子硅醚/NOAS的比率为0.06。结果列于下表1中:
表1
用原油饱和前 | 活性化合物溶液注射前 | |||
试验abc | 岩石试样的渗透性比率2.933.062.90 | 流速比3.684.253.50 | 原油的置换效率(%)51.654.953.7 | 活性化合物溶液中硅氧烷/NOAS比率1.360.310.06 |
在注射活性化合物溶液后
试验 流速比 原油置换 置换效率的增加(%)
效率(%)
a 1.50 80.4 28.8
b 2.91 69.0 14.1
c 3.09 63.4 9.7
实施例2
在Nefteyugansk的Yuzhno-Balykskoye油田的油层上进行实际的试验,通过四口注射井,将Wacker产品的Extract700泵入载油层AS5-6。通过二十口产油井提取出原油。
为了该试验,利用4天的时间将13.5吨1∶40稀释的Extract 700泵入四口压力井中。因此Extract 700稀释的总量为540m3。然后连续向压力井中加水。在八个月内另外提取了13400吨原油,即每吨Extract 700最多能另外地提取1140吨原油。
Claims (4)
1、一种从含原油的油层中提取原油的方法,其中,使用了包含如下组份的乳液:
A)100重量份有机多分子硅醚;
B)10-100重量份表面活性剂,
C)水。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中有机多分子硅醚(A)由通式(I)-(VII)的单元构成:
R3SiO1/2 (I)
R2SiO (II)
RSiO3/2 (III)
SiO4/2 (IV)
R2(R’O)SiO1/2 (V)
R(R’O)SiO (VI)
R’OSiO3/2 (VII)其中:
R表示具有1-18个碳原子的一价烃基,该烃基被卤原子,氰基,氨基,烷基氨基,季铵,巯基,环氧基,酐基,羧酸根合,磺酸根合,硫酸根合,磷酸根合,异氰酸根合或聚氧化烯基团取代或未取代,
R’表示具有1-30个碳原子和氢原子的一价烃基,该烃基被卤原子,氰基,氨基,烷基氨基,季铵,巯基,环氧基,酐基,羧酸根合,磺酸根合,硫酸根合,磷酸根合,异氰酸根合或聚氧化烯基团取代或未取代。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所用的表面活性剂为烷基硫酸盐、磺酸盐,烷基聚乙二醇醚,烷芳基聚乙二醇醚,环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物。
4、如权利要求1-3所述的方法,其中,每100重量份有机多分子硅醚(A)使用30-80重量份表面活性剂(B)。
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DE2057056A1 (en) * | 1970-11-20 | 1972-05-31 | BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, Mich. (V.StA.) | Aq polymer soln - which does not undergo shear degradation when forcibly displaced |
US4146499A (en) * | 1976-09-18 | 1979-03-27 | Rosano Henri L | Method for preparing microemulsions |
US4197912A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-04-15 | John C. Thompson | Oil recovery via silicone introduction |
US4296812A (en) * | 1979-06-06 | 1981-10-27 | Texaco Inc. | Surfacant waterflooding oil recovery method |
US4230182A (en) * | 1979-08-30 | 1980-10-28 | Texaco Inc. | Oil recovery method employing alternate slugs of surfactant fluid and fresh water |
US4381241A (en) * | 1981-02-23 | 1983-04-26 | Dow Corning Corporation | Invert emulsions for well-drilling comprising a polydiorganosiloxane and method therefor |
US4472291A (en) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-09-18 | Rosano Henri L | High viscosity microemulsions |
DE3401486A1 (de) * | 1984-01-18 | 1985-07-25 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren und mittel zur verhinderung von erdoellagerstaettenblockierungen durch emulsionsbildung aufgrund von asphaltenabscheidungen |
US4828029A (en) * | 1987-12-14 | 1989-05-09 | Irani Cyrus A | Solubilizing surfactants in miscible drive solvents |
SU1680958A1 (ru) * | 1989-10-25 | 1991-09-30 | Государственный институт по проектированию и исследовательским работам в нефтяной промышленности "Гипровостокнефть" | Состав дл добычи нефти |
SU1724859A1 (ru) * | 1989-10-27 | 1992-04-07 | Государственный институт по проектированию и исследовательским работам в нефтяной промышленности "Гипровостокнефть" | Состав дл регулировани разработки нефт ных месторождений |
CA2093505A1 (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1993-10-15 | David J. Romenesko | Invert emulsions for well drilling comprising polydiorganosiloxanes |
-
1994
- 1994-09-29 DE DE4434880A patent/DE4434880A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-12-27 RU RU9494045797A patent/RU2087688C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-09-25 US US08/533,239 patent/US5630474A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-28 EP EP95115319A patent/EP0707134B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-28 DE DE59500390T patent/DE59500390D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-28 CA CA002159406A patent/CA2159406C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-28 NO NO953833A patent/NO953833L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-09-28 CN CN95117333A patent/CN1125813A/zh active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103742112A (zh) * | 2008-07-02 | 2014-04-23 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 用于生产油和/或气的系统和方法 |
CN103742112B (zh) * | 2008-07-02 | 2017-01-04 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 用于生产油和/或气的系统和方法 |
CN105419750A (zh) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-03-23 | Cesi化工有限公司 | 用于油井和/或气井的方法和组合物 |
CN105419750B (zh) * | 2014-09-17 | 2019-03-22 | 弗洛泰克化学有限责任公司 | 用于油井和/或气井的方法和组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO953833D0 (no) | 1995-09-28 |
NO953833L (no) | 1996-04-01 |
EP0707134A1 (de) | 1996-04-17 |
EP0707134B1 (de) | 1997-07-16 |
RU94045797A (ru) | 1996-10-27 |
CA2159406C (en) | 1999-08-17 |
RU2087688C1 (ru) | 1997-08-20 |
DE4434880A1 (de) | 1996-04-04 |
DE59500390D1 (de) | 1997-08-21 |
CA2159406A1 (en) | 1996-03-30 |
US5630474A (en) | 1997-05-20 |
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