CN112579456A - Web automatic testing method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a Web automatic testing method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a test case, wherein the test case comprises a test object and a functional module thereof; determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object; searching page elements corresponding to the test objects in the tested page according to the serial numbers; when the page element is found, searching the bullet frame of the function module in the bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame of the function module of the test object; when the bullet frame is found, further searching a functional module in the bullet frame; and when the functional module is found, carrying out corresponding automatic test. The automatic testing method provided by the invention can adapt to the condition of dynamic change of the ID value of the Web page element, avoids the positioning error of the page element, and simultaneously quickly switches the functional modules through the popup frame index, thereby realizing the high-efficiency and extensible automatic testing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Web automatic testing, in particular to a Web automatic testing method and a Web automatic testing device.
Background
With the development and iteration quantity of software increasing, the automatic test capable of reducing the labor cost becomes more and more important. In the conventional automated testing of Web applications, a tester is usually required to record or write by using a testing tool for each testing process. Although the tool is simple and easy to use, the stability is poor, the recording process is slow, and the situation that the page elements of the software product cannot be identified easily occurs. And the maintenance cost of the test cases recorded or compiled by the tool is very high, and the problems of poor portability and poor expandability exist.
In addition, in some system frameworks for Web application development, the ID attribute of part of the page element control changes randomly during each operation, the XPath attribute also changes along with the addition and deletion modification of the page element, and the name attribute is not unique among a plurality of page elements, so that the page element positioning in the automatic test is difficult, and the automatic test is difficult to expand.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a Web automatic testing method and a Web automatic testing device.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a Web automation test method, which includes:
acquiring a test case, wherein the test case comprises a test object and a functional module thereof;
determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object;
searching page elements corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the serial number;
when the page element is found, searching the bullet frame of the function module in the bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame of the function module of the test object;
when the bullet frame is found, further searching the functional module in the bullet frame;
and when the functional module is found, carrying out corresponding automatic test.
Further, before the obtaining of the test case, the method further includes: and constructing a template table of the test object, and filling the keyword names and the keyword types of all page elements in the tested page into the template table according to the hierarchy and the sequence of the page elements, wherein the hierarchy corresponds to the keyword types.
Further, the determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object includes: and searching the corresponding keyword name and the corresponding keyword type in the template table according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object in the test case to determine the serial number of the keyword, wherein the serial number corresponds to the row number of the keyword name and the keyword type in the template table.
Further, the searching for the page element corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the number includes: and determining the attribute value of the page element according to the serial number, and searching the page element in the tested page according to the attribute value.
Further, the determining the attribute value of the page element according to the number includes: and splicing the serial number, the first character string and the second character string to generate the attribute value of the page element, wherein the first character string is fixed, and the second character string is determined according to the keyword type.
Further, the test case comprises at least one test object; and for a plurality of test objects with a hierarchical relationship, searching corresponding page elements according to the order of the hierarchical relationship.
Further, still include: and establishing a mapping relation between the bullet boxes of different levels and the index values, wherein the bullet boxes comprise at least one functional module.
Further, when the test case comprises a plurality of functional modules, for the plurality of functional modules with a hierarchical relationship, searching the corresponding popup boxes according to the order of the hierarchical relationship, and further searching the functional modules.
Further, when the test case does not include the functional module, when the page element is found, the corresponding automatic test is performed.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an automated Web testing apparatus, which includes:
the device comprises an acquisition unit, a test unit and a test unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a test case which comprises a test object and a functional module thereof;
the generating unit is used for determining the serial number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object;
the first searching unit is used for searching the page element corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the serial number;
a second searching unit, configured to search, when the page element is found, the bullet frame in which the function module is located in the bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame in which the function module of the test object is located;
the third searching unit is used for further searching the functional module in the bullet frame when the bullet frame is searched;
and the test unit is used for carrying out corresponding automatic test when the functional module is found.
The Web automatic test method provided by the invention determines the attribute of the tested page element according to the name and the type of the keyword, can adapt to the condition of dynamic change of the ID value of the Web page element, avoids the error in positioning the page element, avoids modifying a plurality of test cases when the page is updated, and simultaneously switches the function module quickly through the popup frame index, thereby realizing the efficient and extensible automatic test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic flow diagram of a Web automation testing method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a page under test according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a bullet box with an index value of 0 and its functional modules according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a bullet box with an index value of 1 and its functional modules according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a bullet box with an index value of 2 and its functional modules according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Web automation test device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements throughout the different views unless otherwise specified. It is to be noted that the embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments of the present invention. They are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the claims, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in these respects. Features of the various embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other without departing from the scope of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
When the Web application program is automatically tested, the automatic test cannot be expanded and the efficiency is low due to the problems of page element positioning change, overtime switching of functional modules and the like, and manual operation needs to be added. The invention generates the XPath attribute of the page element by a keyword mapping method, can accurately position the page element, and quickly switches the functional module by a popup frame indexing method, thereby realizing high-efficiency and extensible automatic test.
The first aspect of the present invention provides an embodiment of a keyword-based automated testing method, as shown in fig. 1, including steps S1 to S6:
in step S1, a test case is obtained, where the test case includes a test object and its functional modules. In the embodiment of the invention, one test case comprises one or more test steps, and each test step comprises a test object, a functional module thereof and corresponding operation. In the embodiment of the invention, a test case is written by Python language and a Selenium library function is called to simulate the operation of a user in a browser page.
In step S2, the number of the keyword is determined based on the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object. In the embodiment of the invention, the keyword name and the type of the test object are extracted from the test case, and then the corresponding keyword is searched in the template table of the pre-constructed test object to obtain the serial number of the keyword, wherein the serial number is the row number of the corresponding keyword in the template table.
In step S3, the page element corresponding to the test object is searched in the tested page according to the number. In the embodiment of the invention, the test object in the test case corresponds to the page element of the tested page. The number of the key of the test object corresponds to the number in the XPath attribute value of the page element. And generating an XPath attribute value of the corresponding tested page element according to the obtained serial number of the key word of the test object, and searching and positioning the page element according to the XPath attribute value.
In step S4, when the page element is found, the bullet frame of the function module is found in the bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame of the function module of the test object. In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of page element popup frames can be arranged, one level is sleeved with one level, each level of popup frame can comprise one or more functional modules, and each functional module can lead out the next level of popup frame. According to the index value of the bullet frame where the functional module is located, the functional module can be quickly searched and located.
In step S5, when the bullet box is found, the function module is further found in the bullet box. In the embodiment of the invention, after the bullet frame of the functional module of the page element to be tested is positioned, the functional module to be tested is further searched and positioned in the bullet frame through the name or other attributes of the functional module.
In step S6, when the function module is found, a corresponding automated test is performed. In the embodiment of the invention, when the tested function module is positioned, the corresponding test operation set in the test case is executed.
In the embodiment of the invention, a Selenium tool is adopted to execute automatic testing, a test case is written through Python language, a Selenium library function is called, and a user is simulated to operate in a browser page. Selenium is a tool for Web application program test, supports multiple browsers and multiple languages, and develops scripts which can run directly in the browsers. The Python language is simple and easy to learn and has good expansibility. In the embodiment of the invention, the serial number in the attribute value of the tested page element is determined according to the keyword name and the type of the test object, the page element can be accurately positioned, and a plurality of test cases are not required to be modified when the page element is updated, so that the workload of test case maintenance is reduced, and the expandability of automatic test is improved; on the other hand, the bullet frame and the functional module are quickly positioned according to the index value of the bullet frame where the functional module is located, so that the problem that the functional module is difficult to position or complicated in positioning operation due to dynamic change of the bullet frame identification is solved, and the efficiency of automatic testing is improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, before obtaining the test case, the method further includes: and constructing a template table of the test object, and filling the keyword names and types of all page elements in the tested page into the template table according to the hierarchy and the sequence of the page elements, wherein the hierarchy corresponds to the keyword types. When a test case is operated, searching the corresponding keyword name and type in the template table according to the keyword name and type of the test object in the test case to determine the serial number of the keyword of the test object, wherein the serial number corresponds to the row number of the keyword name and type in the template table. And then generating an attribute value of the corresponding page element according to the number of the keyword, and searching and positioning the page element according to the attribute value.
In the embodiment of the invention, the template table is filled with the keyword name and the type of the page element of the tested page, for example, in table 1, each row in table 1 corresponds to one page element of the tested page and also corresponds to one test object in the test case. Table 1 corresponds to the picture of the page to be tested shown in fig. 2, and the sequence of the page elements from top to bottom in fig. 2 is consistent with the row sequence of the resource permissions from top to bottom in table 1, that is, the nesting sequence of different levels and the sequence of the same level are consistent. Each page to be tested has a test object template form corresponding to it. The template table includes all the tested objects, corresponding to all the relevant page elements in the tested page, and only includes part of the tested objects in the table in each test case. For example, the test object in the 3 rd row in table 1 is "enterprise management" in the "third level", the keyword name is "enterprise management", the keyword type is "3", and corresponding to the page element "enterprise management" in the 3 rd row in fig. 2, the serial number in the XPath attribute of the page element is the row number in table 1 of the corresponding resource permission test object "enterprise management" in table 1, that is, the serial number 3. As can be seen from the example, the name of any keyword in the page element of 'enterprise management' cannot uniquely locate 'enterprise management', and the page element can be accurately and quickly located by using the XPath attribute value of the page element, and then the subsequent automatic test is completed. For another example, when modifying the page, if "new business and business management" is deleted, then only "new business and business management" in line 5 of table 1 needs to be correspondingly deleted, and the subsequent "business real name information" and the subsequent test objects are automatically moved upwards, i.e. the numbers in the XPath attributes of the page elements corresponding to the test objects are all reduced by 1.
TABLE 1
In an embodiment of the present invention, generating the corresponding page element attribute value according to the number of the keyword includes: and splicing the serial number, the first character string and the second character string to generate the attribute value of the page element, wherein the first character string is fixed, and the second character string is determined according to the keyword type. For example, in table 2, for "business management" in the third row, the authority type is 3, the number is 3 (the number corresponds to the row number in table 1), the first string is a fixed value// [ @ id ═ and the second string is $ cell $1"]/div/div/span [4] according to the authority type 3, and in the third row in the corresponding table 3, the generated XPath attribute value is// [ @ id ═ 3 cell $1" ]/div/div/span [4], that is, the XPath attribute value is the first string + number + second string. For example, in table 2, for "business management" in the second row, the authority type is 2, the number is 2, the first string is a fixed value// [ @ id ═ and the second string is $ cell $1"]/div/div/a according to the authority type 2, and in the corresponding second row of table 3, the generated XPath attribute value is// [ @ id ═ 2$ cell $1" ]/div/div/a. It can be seen that, for the two "enterprise management" page elements, the name of the page element cannot be distinguished, and the ID value of the page element is dynamically changed, so that the two "enterprise management" can be distinguished by the XPath attribute value of the page element determined by the present invention.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
In an embodiment of the present invention, the test case includes at least one test object; and for a plurality of test objects with a hierarchical relationship, searching corresponding page elements according to the order of the hierarchical relationship. In the embodiment of the invention, the page element of the first-level authority is only displayed by default when the tested page is in the initial state. Then, for the first operation of the page element with the third-level permission, the location needs to be searched step by step from the corresponding first-level page element to the corresponding second-level page element to the third-level page element. Correspondingly, the test case also needs to be operated step by step from the first-level test object to the second-level test object to the third-level test object, and for each level of test objects, the serial number of the test object is searched in the template removing table according to the name and the type of the keyword, and the XPath attribute value of the corresponding page element is generated. On the other hand, in the test case, if the third-level test object is operated for the first time and then operated again, the positioning page elements do not need to be searched step by step; that is, after the page element of the page under test is expanded, the XPath attribute value of the page element can be directly used to locate the page element even if the page element is in the third level (the resource right is in the third level).
In an embodiment of the present invention, the processes of determining the number according to the keyword name and type of the test object and generating the XPath attribute value of the corresponding page element may be packaged as a common function package for each test script to call.
In the embodiment of the invention, the ID value of the page element is dynamically changed, the XPath attribute of the page element is also changed when the page element is added or deleted or modified, if the keyword mapping method and the table of the invention are not adopted, a plurality of related test cases are required to be modified when the page element is updated, and the invention only updates the template table of the test object without updating the test cases, thereby improving the efficiency and the expansibility of the automatic test.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: establishing a mapping relation between the bullet boxes and the index values of different levels; the bullet frame comprises at least one functional module. For example, index value 0 represents the list home interface, index value 1 represents the core function, and index value 2 represents the detailed inline function. As shown in fig. 3, the index value of the first-level popup frame Iframe of the page element "enterprise management" is 0, and the popup frame includes functional modules for viewing, creating, modifying, and associating account management. As shown in fig. 4, the index value of the lower Iframe popup box of the associated account management function module is 1, and the popup box includes the query, the addition of the associated account, and the exit function module. As shown in fig. 5, the index value of the lower Iframe popup box added with the associated account function module is 2, and the popup box includes save, exit, and account entry box function modules. The corresponding relationship between the functional modules of each level and the elastic frames of each level is shown in the following table 4.
TABLE 4
In the embodiment of the present invention, the test case at least includes one functional module; when the test case comprises a plurality of functional modules, for the plurality of functional modules with hierarchical relationship, searching the corresponding popup boxes according to the order of the hierarchical relationship, and further searching the functional modules. In the embodiment of the invention, the test object of the test case corresponds to the tested page element, the functional module is the functional module of the test object, and the functional module is in the pop-up frame of the page element corresponding to the test object. Fig. 3, 4 and 5 collectively show the interfaces of the step-by-step positioning operation of the multi-layer popup box for adding the associated account to the page element "enterprise management", first positioning the page element "enterprise management" according to the keyword name and type, then according to the index value 0, positioning to an Iframe popup box (figure 3) of an associated account management module and further positioning to an associated account management function module button, then according to the index value 1, positioning to an Iframe bullet box (figure 4) of 'adding associated account number' and further positioning to a 'adding associated account number' function module button, then, according to the index value 2, the Iframe popup box (figure 5) of the account number input box is positioned, the function module of the account number input box is further positioned, an account number is input and stored, and then each layer of popup boxes are searched according to the sequence of the hierarchical relationship and are positioned to the corresponding function module.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when there are a plurality of functional modules in one frame and these modules have lower frames, the index values of these lower frames are the same, that is, there may be a plurality of frames in the same level and the index values of the frames in the same level are the same.
In the embodiment of the invention, the processing procedure for searching the corresponding popup frame and the function module according to the function module and the popup frame index value can be packaged into a common function packet for each test script to call.
Because the attribute value of the Iframe bullet frame changes every time the Iframe bullet frame is opened, and direct positioning is difficult, the mapping relation between the bullet frames and the index values of different levels is established, the bullet frames are positioned through the index values of the bullet frames where the function modules are located, the bullet frames and the tested function modules can be quickly positioned, the problem of positioning disorder when the same function is frequently operated is avoided, and the efficiency of automatic testing is improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the test case does not comprise the functional module, and when the page element is found, the corresponding automatic test is carried out. If a certain page element has no pop-up box, only the page element is tested, such as clicking, opening a hyperlink, and the like.
The Web automatic test method provided by the invention establishes the mapping relation table of the test object and the tested page element according to the keyword name and type of the test object, thereby determining the serial number in the XPath attribute value of the tested page element, accurately positioning the tested page element, being suitable for the condition of dynamic change of the ID value of the Web page element, only updating a corresponding template table without modifying a plurality of test cases when the page element is updated, and quickly positioning the popup frame and the function module according to the index value of the popup frame where the function module is positioned, thereby realizing the efficient and extensible automatic test.
An embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides a Web automation test apparatus 600, as shown in fig. 6, including: an obtaining unit 601, configured to obtain a test case, where the test case includes a test object and a functional module thereof; a generating unit 602, configured to determine, according to a keyword name and a keyword type of the test object, a number of the keyword; a first searching unit 603, configured to search, according to the serial number, a page element corresponding to the test object in a tested page; a second searching unit 604, configured to search, when the page element is found, the bullet frame in which the function module is located in the bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame in which the function module of the test object is located; a third searching unit 605, configured to further search the function module in the bullet frame when the bullet frame is found; and the test unit 606 is configured to perform corresponding automated testing when the functional module is found.
The Web automatic testing device provided by the invention is used for realizing the Web automatic testing method provided by the invention, has the same beneficial effects with the Web automatic testing device, and is not repeated herein.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A Web automatic test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a test case, wherein the test case comprises a test object and a functional module thereof;
determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object;
searching page elements corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the serial number;
when the page element is found, searching the bullet frame of the function module in the bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame of the function module of the test object;
when the bullet frame is found, further searching the functional module in the bullet frame;
and when the functional module is found, carrying out corresponding automatic test.
2. The Web automation test method according to claim 1, before the obtaining of the test case, further comprising:
and constructing a template table of the test object, and filling the keyword names and the keyword types of all page elements in the tested page into the template table according to the hierarchy and the sequence of the page elements, wherein the hierarchy corresponds to the keyword types.
3. The Web automation test method of claim 2, wherein the determining the number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object comprises:
and searching the corresponding keyword name and the corresponding keyword type in the template table according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object in the test case to determine the serial number of the keyword, wherein the serial number corresponds to the row number of the keyword name and the keyword type in the template table.
4. The Web automation test method of claim 3, wherein the searching for the page element corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the number comprises:
and determining the attribute value of the page element according to the serial number, and searching the page element in the tested page according to the attribute value.
5. The Web automation test method of claim 4, wherein the determining attribute values of the page elements according to the numbers comprises:
and splicing the serial number, the first character string and the second character string to generate the attribute value of the page element, wherein the first character string is fixed, and the second character string is determined according to the keyword type.
6. The Web automation test method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the test case includes at least one of the test objects; and for a plurality of test objects with a hierarchical relationship, searching corresponding page elements according to the order of the hierarchical relationship.
7. The Web automation test method of claim 6, further comprising:
and establishing a mapping relation between the bullet boxes of different levels and the index values, wherein the bullet boxes comprise at least one functional module.
8. The Web automation test method according to claim 7, wherein when the test case includes a plurality of the function modules, for the plurality of function modules having a hierarchical relationship, the corresponding popup box is searched in the order of the hierarchical relationship, and the function module is further searched.
9. The Web automation test method according to claim 6, wherein when the test case does not include the functional module, when the page element is found, a corresponding automation test is performed.
10. An automated Web testing apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises an acquisition unit, a test unit and a test unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a test case which comprises a test object and a functional module thereof;
the generating unit is used for determining the serial number of the keyword according to the keyword name and the keyword type of the test object;
the first searching unit is used for searching the page element corresponding to the test object in the tested page according to the serial number;
a second searching unit, configured to search, when the page element is found, the bullet frame in which the function module is located in the bullet frame of the page element according to the index value of the bullet frame in which the function module of the test object is located;
the third searching unit is used for further searching the functional module in the bullet frame when the bullet frame is searched;
and the test unit is used for carrying out corresponding automatic test when the functional module is found.
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