CN112578454B - Method and system for pressing ghost waves of arbitrarily curved towing rope - Google Patents
Method and system for pressing ghost waves of arbitrarily curved towing rope Download PDFInfo
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- CN112578454B CN112578454B CN201910930096.4A CN201910930096A CN112578454B CN 112578454 B CN112578454 B CN 112578454B CN 201910930096 A CN201910930096 A CN 201910930096A CN 112578454 B CN112578454 B CN 112578454B
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004613 tight binding model Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000009731 jinlong Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for pressing ghost waves of an arbitrary bending towing cable, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring curved towing cable acquisition data; s2, acquiring spatial variation information of the curved towing cables according to the acquired data of the curved towing cables; s3, carrying out ghost wave suppression according to the curved towing cable acquired data and the curved towing cable space change information to obtain a seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression. The system comprises: the acquisition module is used for acquiring the acquisition data of the curved towing rope; the calculation module is used for acquiring spatial variation information of the curved towing cables according to the acquired data of the curved towing cables; and the ghost wave suppression module is used for performing ghost wave suppression according to the curved towing rope acquisition data and the curved towing rope space change information to obtain a seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression. The invention fully considers the space position change information of the actual towing rope, can more effectively compress the ghost wave, and effectively prevents the ghost wave from being remained and introducing errors when the towing rope is bent and changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of marine geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to a method and a system for pressing ghost waves of any curved towing cables.
Background
In marine seismic exploration, ghost waves are generated in the excitation and receiving links due to the existence of sea level, the existence of the ghost waves suppresses low-high frequency energy of seismic reflection signals, notch points are generated, and the bandwidth and resolution of seismic data are reduced. In order to eliminate the influence of ghost waves and widen the frequency band to improve the signal resolution, hill et al (2006) propose an up-down cable broadband acquisition technology to suppress ghost waves; tengham et al (2007) propose a double-detection broadband acquisition technology, which uses the polarity characteristics of an upstream wave and a downstream wave to suppress ghost waves and widen the frequency band; soubaras (2010) proposes a broadband acquisition technology of a diagonal cable, and uses the diversity of the notch of the diagonal cable to suppress ghost waves. In China, ghost wave compression is also a hotspot for processing marine seismic data, wave field prolongation methods based on wave equation are deduced by Kaschin and the like (2015), interference problems of ghost waves and effective waves in upper and lower cables are effectively solved, ghost wave compression technology based on the green theory is deduced by Yang Jinlong and the like (2017), and the method is suitable for various broadband acquisition modes.
More specifically, the ghost wave compression method of green theory is described in detail based on the fluctuation theory and scattering theory, yang Jinlong et al (2017):
wherein P (r, r s Omega) is the seismic wavefield, G 0 (r' g R, ω) is the green's function in the background medium. To obtain the partial differential operators of the seismic wavefield and green's function,is the integral face unit normal vector. r is (r) g ' is the position of the predicted point, r is the position of the detection point, r s For source location, ω is the circumferential frequency. Special ≡ m.s. For the area integral over the detector measurement face. P (P) R (r' g ,r s ω) is the geophone ghost suppressed seismic data.
Tangential vectors of the integration plane can be generally expressed asWherein normalization factor->Because the unit normal vector satisfies->And->Available->So that
Where subscript g represents the receiver of the predicted point location.
When the streamer is placed horizontally, the normalization factor λ=1,degenerate into->Equation (1) becomes
Wherein, (x' g ,y' g ,z' g ) Is the predicted point position, (x, y, z) is the detector point position, (x) s ,y s ,z s ) Is the source location. Equation (3) illustrates that the seismic wavefield P and the Green function G are known 0 And their vertical derivatives, can calculate the horizontal streamer ghost suppressed seismic wavefield P R 。
However, the above-mentioned ghost wave compaction method mainly performs ghost wave compaction for horizontal streamers, and if the curved streamer data is processed by the horizontal streamer ghost wave compaction method (formula (3)), much noise is introduced and ghost waves cannot be effectively compacted.
Because the wave is influenced in marine seismic data acquisition, the towing cables cannot be placed strictly and horizontally and can generate certain bending, and therefore, how to effectively solve the problem of ghost wave compression in seismic data acquisition by any bending towing cable is still a problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for pressing any bending towing cable ghost wave, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring curved towing cable acquisition data;
s2, acquiring spatial variation information of the curved towing cables according to the acquired data of the curved towing cables;
s3, carrying out ghost wave suppression according to the curved towing cable acquired data and the curved towing cable space change information to obtain a seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression.
Alternatively, the curved streamer spatial variation information is a function of streamer depth z as a function of horizontal position x and y.
Optionally, the step S3 includes:
calculating partial derivatives of the curved streamer acquisition data P;
calculation of the Green function G in background Medium 0 And partial derivatives thereof;
calculating a normalization factor lambda according to the spatial variation information of the curved towing rope;
the seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression is as follows:
wherein, (x' g ,y' g ,z' g ) Is the predicted point position, (x, y, z) is the detector point position, (x) s ,y s ,z s ) For the source position, ω is the circumferential frequency, ++. m.s. For the area integral over the detector measurement face.
Optionally, the normalization factor λ is calculated from partial differentiation of the streamer depth z to horizontal positions x and y:
the invention provides an arbitrary curved streamer ghost wave compaction system, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the acquisition data of the curved towing rope;
the calculation module is used for acquiring spatial variation information of the curved towing cables according to the acquired data of the curved towing cables;
and the ghost wave suppression module is used for performing ghost wave suppression according to the curved towing rope acquisition data and the curved towing rope space change information to obtain a seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression.
Alternatively, the curved streamer spatial variation information is a function of streamer depth z as a function of horizontal position x and y.
Optionally, the ghost wave pressing module is specifically configured to:
calculating partial derivatives of the curved streamer acquisition data P;
calculation of the Green function G in background Medium 0 And partial derivatives thereof;
calculating a normalization factor lambda according to the spatial variation information of the curved towing rope;
the seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression is as follows:
wherein, (x' g ,y' g ,z' g ) Is the predicted point position, (x, y, z) is the detector point position, (x) s ,y s ,z s ) For the source position, ω is the circumferential frequency, ++. m.s. For the area integral over the detector measurement face.
Optionally, the normalization factor λ is calculated from partial differentiation of the streamer depth z to horizontal positions x and y:
the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program executable by a computer, which when executed by the computer, causes the computer to perform the steps in the method provided by any of the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a ghost wave pressing method for acquiring data by any curved towing rope based on a green theory ghost wave pressing method. The invention is purely data driven, so that no underground medium information is needed to be known, and the invention is applicable to various complicated geological structure conditions and various curved streamer marine seismic acquisition data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an arbitrary curved streamer ghost wave compaction method provided by an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arbitrary curved streamer ghost wave suppression system provided by an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3A is parabolic streamer simulation data.
FIG. 3B is a simulated parabolic streamer primary wave and source ghost wave.
Fig. 3C is the result of ghost pressing using the horizontal streamer ghost pressing method.
FIG. 3D is a graph showing the results of ghost compaction using any of the curved streamer ghost compaction methods provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3E is a comparison of the results of the ghost press with simulated data from FIG. 3B using the horizontal streamer ghost press method.
FIG. 3F is a comparison of the results of ghost pressing with simulated data from FIG. 3B using any of the curved streamer ghost pressing methods provided by the present invention.
FIG. 4A is curved streamer simulation data.
FIG. 4B is a simulated curved streamer primary wave and source ghost wave.
Fig. 4C is the result of ghost pressing using the horizontal streamer ghost pressing method.
Fig. 4D is a graph showing the results of ghost compaction using any of the curved streamer ghost compaction methods provided by the present invention.
FIG. 4E is a comparison of the results of the ghost press with simulated data from FIG. 4B using the horizontal streamer ghost press method.
FIG. 4F is a comparison of the results of ghost pressing with simulated data of FIG. 4B using any of the curved streamer ghost pressing methods provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method of arbitrary curved streamer ghost wave compaction, comprising:
s1, acquiring curved towing cable acquisition data;
s2, acquiring spatial variation information of the curved towing cables according to the acquired data of the curved towing cables;
when the streamer varies with horizontal direction, the curved streamer spatial variation information is a function of streamer depth z as a function of horizontal position x and y, i.e., z=f (x, y). The spatial variation information of the curved streamer can be obtained according to the data acquired by the curved streamer.
S3, carrying out ghost wave suppression according to the curved towing cable acquired data and the curved towing cable space change information to obtain a seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression.
In one embodiment of the present invention, step S3 specifically includes the steps of:
301. calculating partial derivatives of the curved streamer acquisition data P;
302. calculation of the Green function G in background Medium 0 And partial derivatives thereof;
303. calculating a normalization factor lambda according to the spatial variation information of the curved towing rope;
the normalization factor λ is calculated from the partial derivative of the streamer depth z with respect to the horizontal positions x and y:
304. calculating a ghost pressed seismic wave field, wherein the ghost pressed seismic wave field is as follows:
wherein, (x' g ,y' g ,z' g ) Is the predicted point position, (x, y, z) is the detector point position, (x) s ,y s ,z s ) For the source position, ω is the circumferential frequency, ++. m.s. For the area integral over the detector measurement face.
Substituting the values obtained in steps 301 to 303 into the above formula (4) to perform ghost pressing, so as to obtain a seismic wave field after ghost pressing.
The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program executable by a computer, which when executed by the computer, causes the computer to perform the steps in the method provided by any of the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of the invention provides an arbitrary curved streamer ghost wave suppression system, comprising: the device comprises an acquisition module 10, a calculation module 20 and a ghost wave pressing module 30. Wherein:
the acquisition module 10 is used to acquire curved streamer acquisition data.
The calculation module 20 is connected to the acquisition module 10. The calculation module 20 is configured to obtain curved streamer spatial variation information according to the curved streamer acquisition data; when the streamer varies with horizontal direction, the curved streamer spatial variation information is a function of streamer depth z as a function of horizontal position x and y, i.e., z=f (x, y). The spatial variation information of the curved streamer can be obtained according to the data acquired by the curved streamer.
The ghost wave pressing module 30 is connected with the acquisition module 10 and the calculation module 20. The ghost wave suppression module 30 performs ghost wave suppression according to the curved streamer acquisition data and the curved streamer spatial variation information to obtain a ghost wave suppressed seismic wave field. The ghost compression module 30 is specifically configured to calculate the partial derivative of the curved streamer acquisition data P, and calculate the Green's function G in the background medium 0 And partial derivatives thereof, calculating a normalization factor lambda according to the spatial variation information of the curved towing rope, wherein the normalization factor lambda is calculated according to partial differentiation of the towing rope depth z to the horizontal positions x and y; finally, calculating the seismic wave after ghost wave suppressionThe field, the ghost suppressed seismic wavefield, may be calculated by equation (4) above.
The invention fully considers the space position change information of the actual towing rope, can more effectively compress the ghost wave, and effectively prevents the ghost wave from being remained and introducing errors when the towing rope is bent and changed. The invention is single gun calculation, occupies small memory, has high calculation speed, does not need to know any medium information under the ground, is completely driven by data, and is suitable for various complicated marine geological situations and various curved towing data.
Further carrying out ghost wave compression processing through curved towing rope simulation data, and verifying the effectiveness of the method:
the simulation data is generated from a simple layered model, which has two layers. Fig. 3A is parabolic streamer simulation data, wherein streamer depth z (x) =0.0004 x 2 +100, including direct, primary and concomitant source and detector ghost waves. FIG. 3B is a simulated parabolic streamer primary and source ghost as references to ghost compaction results. Fig. 3C and 3D are results of ghost pressing using horizontal and curved streamer ghost pressing methods, respectively. It can be seen that the ghost waves of the curved streamer cannot be effectively suppressed by using the horizontal streamer ghost wave suppression method, and a large amount of ghost wave remains, and the ghost waves of the wave detector are effectively suppressed after being suppressed by using the curved streamer ghost wave suppression method, so that the accuracy of ghost wave suppression is improved. Fig. 3E and 3F are respectively comparing the results after ghost compression with the simulated data of fig. 3B, and it can be seen that the effect of compressing the ghost by the curved streamer ghost compression method is significantly better than the result of compressing by the horizontal streamer ghost compression method. FIG. 4A is curved streamer simulation data, wherein streamer depth oscillates with horizontal position x circular arc, the data comprising direct wave, primary wave, and accompanying source and detector ghost waves. Similar to the parabolic streamer ghost wave pressing results, fig. 4B-4F also demonstrate that the curved streamer ghost wave pressing method can effectively press the ghost waves, and the pressing effect is significantly better than that of the horizontal streamer ghost wave pressing method.
When the acquisition towing rope cannot be completely horizontally placed, the actual seismic towing rope cannot be completely horizontally placed due to the influence of sea waves and the like in the acquisition of the actual seismic towing rope, and if the improved curved towing rope ghost wave pressing method (formula (4)) is used for processing, the ghost wave pressing precision can be effectively improved. That is, the invention can effectively compress the curved streamer data ghost wave and improve the accuracy of ghost wave compression.
The invention provides a method and a system for pressing ghost waves of any curved towing cable, which firstly calculate a seismic wave field P and a Green function G 0 Is used for the vertical derivative of (a). And secondly, partial differentiation and normalization coefficient lambda of the streamer depth z to horizontal positions x and y are calculated according to the streamer depth information. The curved streamer data ghost suppression is then performed using equation (4). The invention forms a ghost wave pressing processing flow for acquiring data for any curved towing cable; the problem of ghost wave compression in seismic data acquired by any curved towing cables can be effectively solved. The invention does not need to know underground structures, so that the invention is completely driven by data and is suitable for collecting data of various curved towing cables. The accuracy of ghost wave pressing is effectively improved after ghost wave pressing.
The foregoing technical solution is only one embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications and variations can be easily made by those skilled in the art based on the application methods and principles disclosed in the present invention, not limited to the methods described in the foregoing specific embodiments of the present invention, so that the foregoing description is only preferred and not in a limiting sense.
Claims (7)
1. A method of random curved streamer ghost wave compaction, comprising:
s1, acquiring curved towing cable acquisition data;
s2, acquiring spatial variation information of the curved towing cables according to the acquired data of the curved towing cables;
s3, carrying out ghost wave suppression according to the data acquired by the curved towing cables and the spatial variation information of the curved towing cables to obtain a seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression;
the step S3 includes:
calculating partial derivatives of the curved streamer acquisition data P;
computing green in background mediaFunction G 0 And partial derivatives thereof;
calculating a normalization factor lambda according to the spatial variation information of the curved towing rope;
the seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression is as follows:
wherein P is R Is the seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression, (x' g ,y' g ,z' g ) Is the predicted point position, (x, y, z) is the detector point position, (x) s ,y s ,z s ) For the source position, ω is the circumferential frequency, ++. m.s. For the area integral over the detector measurement face.
2. The arbitrary curved streamer ghost compression method of claim 1, wherein the curved streamer spatial variation information is a function of streamer depth z as a function of horizontal position x and y.
3. The arbitrary curved streamer ghost compression method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the normalization factor λ is calculated from partial differentiation of streamer depth z versus horizontal position x and y:
4. an arbitrary curved streamer ghost wave suppression system, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the acquisition data of the curved towing rope;
the calculation module is used for acquiring spatial variation information of the curved towing cables according to the acquired data of the curved towing cables;
the ghost suppressing module is used for suppressing ghost according to the data acquired by the curved towing cables and the spatial variation information of the curved towing cables to obtain a seismic wave field after ghost suppression;
the ghost wave pressing module is specifically used for:
calculating partial derivatives of the curved streamer acquisition data P;
calculation of the Green function G in background Medium 0 And partial derivatives thereof;
calculating a normalization factor lambda according to the spatial variation information of the curved towing rope;
the seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression is as follows:
wherein P is R Is the seismic wave field after ghost wave suppression, (x' g ,y' g ,z' g ) Is the predicted point position, (x, y, z) is the detector point position, (x) s ,y s ,z s ) For the source position, ω is the circumferential frequency, ++. m.s. For the area integral over the detector measurement face.
5. The arbitrary curved streamer ghost suppression system of claim 4, wherein the curved streamer spatial variation information is a function of streamer depth z as a function of horizontal position x and y.
6. The arbitrary curved streamer ghost suppression system of claim 5, wherein the normalization factor λ is calculated from partial differentiation of streamer depth z versus horizontal position x and y:
7. a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program executable by a computer, wherein the at least one program, when executed by the computer, causes the computer to perform the steps in the method of any one of the preceding claims 1-3.
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