CN112578182A - Method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of three-phase distribution transformer - Google Patents

Method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of three-phase distribution transformer Download PDF

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CN112578182A
CN112578182A CN202011341727.8A CN202011341727A CN112578182A CN 112578182 A CN112578182 A CN 112578182A CN 202011341727 A CN202011341727 A CN 202011341727A CN 112578182 A CN112578182 A CN 112578182A
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loss
harmonic
distribution transformer
resistance
winding
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张健
刘玉娇
王坤
宋士瞻
康文文
代二刚
杨凤文
李森
刘振虎
韩锋
张瑞
侯文�
李宇其
胡玉耀
咸日常
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Shandong University of Technology
Zaozhuang Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Shandong University of Technology
Zaozhuang Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss of a three-phase distribution transformer in a live manner, which belongs to the technical field of detection of running states of distribution equipment and comprises the following steps: the output end of the current transformer and the output end of the voltage transformer are simultaneously connected with the input end of the signal acquisition unit, the output end of the signal acquisition unit is connected with the input end of the signal processing unit, the output end of the signal processing unit is connected with the input end of the logic processing unit, the output end of the logic processing unit is connected with the input end of the communication unit, and the output end of the communication unit is connected with the client; by the method for measuring and calculating the harmonic loss of the three-phase distribution transformer in an electrified manner, the equivalent resistance of the fundamental wave, the no-load loss of each subharmonic and the load loss of the distribution transformer can be monitored when the distribution transformer runs, and the reliability of detection is greatly improved.

Description

Method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of three-phase distribution transformer
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss of a three-phase distribution transformer in a live manner, and belongs to the technical field of detection of running states of distribution equipment.
Background
In recent years, the power industry in China is rapidly developed, and as one of important devices for electric energy transmission, the safety of a transformer has become an important subject. The distribution transformer has wide distribution, large quantity and large energy consumption ratio, and the operation condition of the distribution transformer is very important to the stability of power supply of a power grid. With the continuous access of various nonlinear loads and single-phase loads, the problems of harmonic waves and three-phase imbalance of the power distribution network are increasingly highlighted. The distribution transformer directly faces to terminal power users, insulation is rapidly deteriorated due to heating under the action of harmonic waves, and power supply reliability of the distribution transformer is seriously affected.
Harmonic causes the loss of the distribution transformer to increase, the efficiency to decrease, the load capacity to decrease, and the loss causes the transformer to overheat to affect the insulation performance of the transformer. The loss value of the distribution transformer under the harmonic operation condition is calculated on line, and the method has important engineering significance for improving the operation efficiency of the distribution transformer, realizing safe and reliable operation of the transformer and accurately evaluating and predicting the state.
In view of the above, the method provides a method for measuring and calculating the harmonic loss electrification under the actual operation condition of the Dyn11 type and Yyn0 type three-phase distribution transformers commonly used in the power distribution network, which comprises the following steps: current, voltage, harmonic no-load loss and harmonic load loss under actual load, etc. The running state of the device can be truly reflected, and the reliability of the measurement result is higher. Meanwhile, the method has reference value for governing the harmonic waves of the power distribution network according to the fundamental waves and the voltage, current and loss of each sub-harmonic wave of the three-phase distribution transformer.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for measuring and calculating the harmonic loss of the distribution transformer in the electrified mode overcomes the defects of the prior art, can monitor the harmonic loss of the distribution transformer when the distribution transformer operates, and greatly improves the detection reliability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of a three-phase distribution transformer comprises the following steps:
step 1001: the signal acquisition unit acquires three-phase current I running at the high and low voltage sides of the distribution transformeriVoltage signal Ui(i is A, B, C, a, B, C), and simultaneously sending current and voltage signals to the signal processing unit;
step 1002: the signal processing unit converts the three-phase current IiVoltage UiCarrying out FFT transformation after signal noise reduction;
step 1003: three-phase voltage U at high and low voltage sides of distribution transformer in signal processing unitiAnd current IiFundamental and subharmonic components U of the signalAh、UBh、UCh、Uah、Ubh、UchAnd IAh、IBh、ICh、Iah、Ibh、Ich(h is 1,2, …, n) is sent to a logic operation unit;
step 1004: the logic operation unit lists the running voltage balance equation of the transformer, and the least square method is used for identifying the equivalent resistance R of the fundamental wave of the three-phase winding on lineA1、RB1、RC1、Ra1、Rb1、Rc1；
Step 1005: the logic operation unit obtains each subharmonic resistance value according to the relation between the harmonic resistance and the fundamental wave resistance;
step 1006: the logic operation unit calculates the harmonic loss of the three-phase distribution transformer winding resistance by using a circuit superposition theorem;
step 1007: the logic operation unit calculates the winding eddy current harmonic loss and the stray harmonic loss according to the winding resistance harmonic loss by using the improved IEEE/ANSI C57.110 standard;
step 1008: calculating load loss P of fundamental wave and each subharmonic of distribution transformerLL-hAnd sending the data to a communication unit;
step 1009: calculating fundamental wave and each subharmonic no-load loss P of distribution transformerNL-hAnd sending the data to a communication unit;
step 1010: calculating fundamental wave and each subharmonic loss P of three-phase distribution transformerL-hAnd sending the data to a communication unit;
step 1011: the communication unit uploads the detection result to the client.
Preferably, the operating voltage balance equation of the transformer in step 1004 is:
Figure BDA0002798800170000021
Figure BDA0002798800170000022
in the formula uA1、iA1、RA1、LA1Primary side fundamental wave voltage, current, resistance and inductance value; u. ofa1、ia1、Ra1、La1Secondary side fundamental voltage, current, resistance and inductance respectively; n is a radical of1、N2The number of turns of the primary side winding and the number of turns of the secondary side winding are respectively; eliminating magnetic flux terms to obtain a winding fundamental wave resistance identification equation:
Figure BDA0002798800170000023
preferably, the relationship between the harmonic resistance and the fundamental resistance in step 1005 is:
Figure BDA0002798800170000024
preferably, in step 1006, the calculation formula of the resistance loss of the winding of the three-phase distribution transformer is as follows:
Figure BDA0002798800170000025
by using the circuit superposition theorem, a calculation formula of the harmonic loss of the winding resistance of the three-phase distribution transformer can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002798800170000031
preferably, in step 1007, the calculation formula for the winding eddy current harmonic loss and the stray harmonic loss is calculated according to the winding resistance harmonic loss by using the modified IEEE/ANSI C57.110 standard:
Figure BDA0002798800170000032
in the formula, I is the effective value of the total current under harmonic waves; i isRIs the rated current effective value;
Figure BDA0002798800170000033
PEC-Rand POSL-RRespectively representing the resistance loss, the eddy current loss and the stray loss of a winding under rated conditions;
Figure BDA0002798800170000034
FHL-ECand FHL-OSLRespectively is a winding resistance harmonic loss factor, a winding eddy current harmonic loss factor and a stray harmonic loss factor, and the definition formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002798800170000035
at rated current IRReference current, based on rated winding resistance loss
Figure BDA0002798800170000036
For reference power, the winding eddy current harmonic loss and the stray harmonic loss can be expressed by resistance harmonic loss as:
Figure BDA0002798800170000037
Figure BDA0002798800170000038
preferably, the fundamental and subharmonic load losses P of the distribution transformer are calculated in step 1008LL-hIn the process, for a distribution transformer adopting a Dyn11 wiring mode, zero-sequence current forms a circular current at a triangular side, and stray loss caused by leakage flux at iron cores, clamping pieces and other parts can be ignored; distribution transformer with Yyn0 wiring mode and zero-sequence current generationThe generated magnetic flux forms a loop in the form of leakage magnetic flux, the stray loss is large and cannot be ignored, so that for the distribution transformer connected by Dyn11, the expression of the load loss of each subharmonic is as follows:
Figure BDA0002798800170000039
for a Yyn 0-linked distribution transformer, the harmonic load loss expression is
Figure BDA00027988001700000310
Preferably, each harmonic idler loss P in step 1009NL-hThe hysteresis loss and the eddy current loss are divided, and the no-load loss at the h harmonic is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002798800170000041
in the formula, PNL-h、Pn-h、Pe-hRespectively are no-load loss, hysteresis loss and eddy current loss under the h-th harmonic, and the unit is kW; knIs a hysteresis loss coefficient; keIs the eddy current loss coefficient; b ism-hMaximum flux density at the h harmonic in tesla (T); delta is the thickness of the silicon steel sheet, and the unit is mm;
assuming that the rated hysteresis loss is equal to the eddy current loss, the derived harmonic no-load loss expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002798800170000042
in the formula, PNL-RRated no load loss.
Preferably, the fundamental wave and each harmonic loss of the three-phase distribution transformer are as follows:
PL-h＝PNL-h+PLL-h。 (15)
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by the method for measuring and calculating the harmonic loss of the three-phase distribution transformer in an electrified manner, the equivalent resistance of the fundamental wave, the no-load loss of each subharmonic and the load loss of the distribution transformer can be monitored when the distribution transformer runs, and the reliability of detection is greatly improved.
The method for measuring and calculating the harmonic loss of the three-phase distribution transformer in an electrified manner is characterized in that real-time measurement and estimation analysis are carried out under the actual operation condition of the distribution transformer, the operation state of the distribution transformer can be reflected more truly, the reliability of the measurement result is higher, if the increase percentage of the certain harmonic loss is larger than that of other harmonic losses, an alarm signal can be sent to an operation manager of the distribution transformer in real time, the harmonic is processed or the load operation of the distribution transformer is reduced, and accidents are prevented effectively.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a harmonic loss live measurement method of a three-phase distribution transformer.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of a three-phase distribution transformer.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of a distribution transformer comprises the following steps: the output end of the current transformer and the output end of the voltage transformer are connected with the input end of the signal acquisition unit, the output end of the signal acquisition unit is connected with the input end of the signal processing unit, the output end of the signal processing unit is connected with the input end of the logic processing unit, the output end of the logic processing unit is connected with the input end of the communication unit, and the output end of the communication unit is connected with the client.
The signal acquisition unit is used for receiving data sent by the current transformer and the voltage transformer and sending the data to the signal processing unit, the signal processing unit extracts fundamental wave signals and harmonic signals and sends the fundamental wave signals and the harmonic signals to the logic processing unit, the logic processing unit receives corresponding data and then calculates the data, analyzes the calculation result, sends information obtained by analysis to the communication unit, and sends the information to the client through the communication unit.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of a three-phase distribution transformer includes the following steps:
step 1001: collecting three-phase current and voltage signals I of high-voltage side and low-voltage side operation of distribution transformeri、Ui(i＝A、B、C、a、b、c)；
The signal acquisition unit acquires a current signal of the actual operation of the distribution transformer through the current transformer and simultaneously sends the current signal of the actual operation of the distribution transformer to the signal processing unit; the signal acquisition unit acquires the voltage signal of the actual operation of the distribution transformer through the voltage transformer and simultaneously sends the voltage signal of the actual operation of the distribution transformer to the signal processing unit.
Step 1002: carrying out FFT conversion after the noise reduction of the three-phase current and voltage signals;
the signal processing unit carries out FFT conversion after reducing noise of the three-phase current and voltage signals.
Step 1003: obtaining fundamental wave and each harmonic component of three-phase voltage and current signals at the high and low voltage sides of the distribution transformer;
fundamental wave and each subharmonic component U of high-voltage side and low-voltage side three-phase voltage and current signals of distribution transformer in signal processing unitAh、UBh、UCh、Uah、Ubh、UchAnd IAh、IBh、ICh、Iah、Ibh、Ich(h-1, 2, …, n) is fed into the logic processing unit.
Step 1004: logic operation unit utilizes least square method to identify fundamental equivalent resistance R of three-phase winding on lineA1、RB1、RC1、Ra1、Rb1、Rc1(ii) a The identification equation is:
Figure BDA0002798800170000051
step 1005: the logic operation unit is used for obtaining the resistance value of each subharmonic according to the relation between the harmonic resistance and the fundamental wave resistance; the relationship between the harmonic resistance and the fundamental resistance is
Figure BDA0002798800170000052
Step 1006: the logic operation unit is used for calculating the harmonic loss of the three-phase distribution transformer winding resistance by using a circuit superposition theorem;
the resistance loss calculation formula of the winding under the h harmonic wave is
Figure BDA0002798800170000061
The formula is calculated by the harmonic loss of the three-phase distribution transformer winding resistance:
Figure BDA0002798800170000062
step 1007: the logic operation unit is used for calculating the winding eddy current harmonic loss and the stray harmonic loss according to the winding resistance harmonic loss;
the winding eddy current harmonic loss and the stray harmonic loss are expressed as resistance harmonic loss:
Figure BDA0002798800170000063
Figure BDA0002798800170000064
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002798800170000065
PEC-Rand POSL-RRespectively representing the resistance loss, the eddy current loss and the stray loss of a winding under rated conditions; fHL-I 2 R、FHL-ECAnd FHL-OSLAre respectively asThe winding resistance harmonic loss factor, the winding eddy current harmonic loss factor and the stray harmonic loss factor are defined as follows:
Figure BDA0002798800170000066
step 1008: calculating load loss P of fundamental wave and each subharmonic of distribution transformerLL-h；
For a Dyn11 coupled distribution transformer, the harmonic load loss calculation is:
Figure BDA0002798800170000067
for a distribution transformer connected with Yyn0, the harmonic load loss is calculated as
Figure BDA0002798800170000068
Step 1009: calculating fundamental wave and each subharmonic no-load loss P of distribution transformerNL-h；
The harmonic no-load loss calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002798800170000069
in the formula, PNL-RRated no load loss.
Step 1010: calculating fundamental wave and each subharmonic loss P of three-phase distribution transformerL-h；
The fundamental wave and each harmonic loss of the distribution transformer are as follows:
PL-h＝PNL-h+PLL-h (11)
step 1011: and the signal output unit uploads the detection result.
And the logic processing unit sends the detection result to the client through the communication unit.
The specific working process and working principle are as follows:
the signal acquisition unit is gathered the signal of distribution transformer primary side and secondary side, and the data of gathering include: the current, voltage and temperature signals of the actual operation of the primary side and the secondary side of the distribution transformer are acquired through the primary side current transformer and the secondary side current transformer and are sent to the signal processing unit.
The signal processing unit performs FFT conversion after noise reduction on the three-phase current and voltage signals to obtain fundamental wave and each subharmonic component of the signals, and sends the fundamental wave and each subharmonic component to the logic processing unit.
The logic processing unit calculates according to the data sent by the signal processing unit to obtain equivalent fundamental wave resistance of the distribution transformer, calculates according to the fundamental wave resistance to obtain the resistance value of each subharmonic wave, calculates to obtain the load loss of the fundamental wave and each subharmonic wave, and calculates the no-load loss of the fundamental wave and each subharmonic wave. And finally, the logic processing unit is sent to the client through the communication unit. The logic processing unit can be realized by a conventional controller, such as a PLC, and the signal acquisition unit can be realized by a conventional signal acquisition circuit.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of a three-phase distribution transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1001: the signal acquisition unit acquires three-phase current I running at the high and low voltage sides of the distribution transformeriVoltage signal Ui(i is A, B, C, a, B, C), and simultaneously sending current and voltage signals to the signal processing unit;
step 1002: the signal processing unit is toThree-phase current IiVoltage UiCarrying out FFT transformation after signal noise reduction;
step 1003: three-phase voltage U at high and low voltage sides of distribution transformer in signal processing unitiAnd current IiFundamental and subharmonic components U of the signalAh、UBh、UCh、Uah、Ubh、UchAnd IAh、IBh、ICh、Iah、Ibh、Ich(h is 1,2, …, n) is sent to a logic operation unit;
step 1004: the logic operation unit lists the running voltage balance equation of the transformer, and the least square method is used for identifying the equivalent resistance R of the fundamental wave of the three-phase winding on lineA1、RB1、RC1、Ra1、Rb1、Rc1；
Step 1005: the logic operation unit obtains each subharmonic resistance value according to the relation between the harmonic resistance and the fundamental wave resistance;
step 1006: the logic operation unit calculates the harmonic loss of the three-phase distribution transformer winding resistance by using a circuit superposition theorem;
step 1007: the logic operation unit calculates the winding eddy current harmonic loss and the stray harmonic loss according to the winding resistance harmonic loss by using the improved IEEE/ANSI C57.110 standard;
step 1008: calculating load loss P of fundamental wave and each subharmonic of distribution transformerLL-hAnd sending the data to a communication unit;
step 1009: calculating fundamental wave and each subharmonic no-load loss P of distribution transformerNL-hAnd sending the data to a communication unit;
step 1010: calculating fundamental wave and each subharmonic loss P of three-phase distribution transformerL-hAnd sending the data to a communication unit;
step 1011: the communication unit uploads the detection result to the client.
2. The three-phase distribution transformer harmonic loss live measurement and calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 1004, the operating voltage balance equation of the transformer is:
Figure FDA0002798800160000011
Figure FDA0002798800160000012
in the formula uA1、iA1、RA1、LA1Primary side fundamental wave voltage, current, resistance and inductance value; u. ofa1、ia1、Ra1、La1Secondary side fundamental voltage, current, resistance and inductance respectively; n is a radical of1、N2The number of turns of the primary side winding and the number of turns of the secondary side winding are respectively; eliminating magnetic flux terms to obtain a winding fundamental wave resistance identification equation:
Figure FDA0002798800160000021
3. the three-phase distribution transformer harmonic loss live measurement and calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 1005, the relationship between the harmonic resistance and the fundamental resistance is:
Figure RE-FDA0002865248950000022
4. the method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of the three-phase distribution transformer according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 1006, the calculation formula of the resistance loss of the three-phase distribution transformer winding is as follows:
Figure FDA0002798800160000023
by using the circuit superposition theorem, a calculation formula of the harmonic loss of the winding resistance of the three-phase distribution transformer can be obtained:
Figure FDA0002798800160000024
5. the method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of the three-phase distribution transformer according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 1007, using the improved IEEE/ANSI C57.110 standard, according to the winding resistance harmonic loss, the calculation formula for calculating the winding eddy current harmonic loss and the stray harmonic loss is:
Figure FDA0002798800160000025
in the formula, I is the effective value of the total current under harmonic waves; i isRIs the rated current effective value; pI 2 R-R、PEC-RAnd POSL-RRespectively representing the resistance loss, the eddy current loss and the stray loss of a winding under rated conditions; fHL-I 2 R、FHL-ECAnd FHL-OSLRespectively is a winding resistance harmonic loss factor, a winding eddy current harmonic loss factor and a stray harmonic loss factor, and the definition formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002798800160000026
Figure FDA0002798800160000027
Figure FDA0002798800160000028
at rated current IRReference current, based on rated winding resistance loss PI 2 R-RFor reference power, the winding eddy current harmonic loss and the stray harmonic loss can be expressed by resistance harmonic loss as:
Figure FDA0002798800160000029
Figure FDA0002798800160000031
6. the method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of the three-phase distribution transformer according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 1008 calculates fundamental and harmonic load losses P of the distribution transformerLL-hIn the process, for a distribution transformer adopting a Dyn11 wiring mode, zero-sequence current forms a circular current at a triangular side, and stray loss caused by leakage flux at iron cores, clamping pieces and other parts can be ignored; in the distribution transformer adopting the Yyn0 wiring mode, the magnetic flux generated by the zero-sequence current forms a loop in the form of leakage flux, the stray loss is large and cannot be ignored, and therefore, for the distribution transformer connected by Dyn11, the expression of the load loss of each subharmonic is as follows:
Figure FDA0002798800160000032
for a Yyn 0-linked distribution transformer, the harmonic load loss expression is
Figure FDA0002798800160000033
7. The method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of the three-phase distribution transformer according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: no-load loss P of each harmonic in step 1009NL-hDivided into hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, no-load at h-th harmonicThe loss is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002798800160000034
in the formula, PNL-h、Pn-h、Pe-hRespectively are no-load loss, hysteresis loss and eddy current loss under the h-th harmonic, and the unit is kW; knIs a hysteresis loss coefficient; keIs the eddy current loss coefficient; b ism-hMaximum flux density at the h harmonic in tesla (T); delta is the thickness of the silicon steel sheet, and the unit is mm;
assuming that the rated hysteresis loss is equal to the eddy current loss, the derived harmonic no-load loss expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0002798800160000035
in the formula, PNL-RRated no load loss.
8. The method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of the three-phase distribution transformer according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fundamental wave and each harmonic loss of the three-phase distribution transformer are as follows:
PL-h＝PNL-h+PLL-h。 (15)
CN202011341727.8A 2020-11-26 2020-11-26 Method for measuring and calculating harmonic loss electrification of three-phase distribution transformer Pending CN112578182A (en)

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