CN112577919A - Method and device for quantitatively measuring cavitation intensity in clear water or sandy water - Google Patents
Method and device for quantitatively measuring cavitation intensity in clear water or sandy water Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
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- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 42
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for quantitatively measuring cavitation intensity in clear water or sandy water. The scheme utilizes FeSO4Capture OH, Fe generated by cavitation in water2+Is oxidized into Fe by it3+OH concentration and Fe under certain conditions3+The concentration is in a positive response relation, and the absorbance of the solution is in accordance with Fe3+The concentration meets the Lambert-Beer law, and the cavitation intensity of the clear water or the sand-containing water can be quantitatively represented by detecting the absorbance in the solution. The method and the device provided by the invention can quantitatively determine the cavitation intensity in the clear water and the cavitation intensity in the sandy water, and the arranged stirring device can prevent sediment from precipitating during testing and ensure that the reaction is fully carried out. Compared with the prior similar methods, the method has the advantages of high sensitivity, good accuracy, simplicity, convenience, practicability and the likeHas multiple advantages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of analysis and test, in particular to a method and a device for quantitatively measuring cavitation intensity in clear water or sandy water.
Background
The cavitation erosion effect is an important reason causing serious damage to hydraulic machinery, and quantitative evaluation of cavitation erosion intensity is always a hot point of attention in academia. Due to the characteristics of the cavitation phenomenon such as instantaneous, random and microscopic characteristics, a method capable of accurately quantifying the cavitation intensity in water is sought, and further the quantitative determination of the cavitation intensity in water is always a difficult point for the research of cavitation erosion.
At present, a plurality of methods for evaluating the cavitation intensity comprise a noise method, a sound pressure method, a vibration method, an aluminum foil corrosion method, an electrochemical method, an iodine release method and the like, however, most of the methods can only be roughly judged or qualitatively evaluated, and the cavitation occurrence degree is difficult to accurately quantify. For example, the noise method and the vibration method are mostly applied to diagnosis of cavitation in the field of hydraulic machinery, and when noise and vibration occur in practice, cavitation erosion occurs in the early stage; the electrochemical method obtains the output of the cavitation effect by measuring the conductivity difference of the solution before and after the reaction through a conductivity meter, however, the method has poor stability, and the conductivity is easily interfered by other factors. In a word, most of the existing methods can only be applied to qualitative assessment of cavitation intensity in a certain specific field, are easily influenced by various external factors and experimental conditions, and are difficult to accurately quantify the cavitation intensity.
When the water contains silt particles, the silt particles can affect the cavitation strength of the liquid and also affect the applicability of the detection method. For example, the principle of the iodine release method is that a potassium iodide solution is added into a solution to be detected, reductive iodine ions are oxidized into elemental iodine by OH generated by cavitation effect, and the elemental iodine meets starch to make the solution blue. When the liquid contains silt or impurities, the generated elemental iodine can be adsorbed by solid particles, so that the experimental precision is seriously influenced.
In summary, an accurate and quantitative determination method for cavitation intensity of sand-containing water and clear water, which can not only accurately quantify cavitation intensity, but also overcome the influence of sand particles, is urgently needed in production and scientific research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for quantitatively measuring cavitation intensity in clear water or sandy water, which comprises an ultrasonic generator, a cavitation reaction tank and a cavitation reactor, wherein a liquid medium and a solution to be measured are respectively filled in the cavitation reaction tank and the cavitation reactor, the cavitation reactor is positioned in the cavitation reaction tank and is contacted with the liquid medium, and ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic generator act on the liquid medium in the cavitation reaction tank and the solution to be measured in the cavitation reactor.
Further, a stirring device is also arranged in the cavitation reactor. The stirring device is mainly used for preventing sediment from precipitating during testing and ensuring that the reaction is fully carried out.
Furthermore, the whole device also comprises a fixed support, wherein the fixed support is connected with the cavitation reactor and is used for suspending and soaking the cavitation reactor in a liquid medium in the cavitation reaction tank.
Further, the ultrasonic generator is positioned at the bottom of the cavitation reaction tank.
Furthermore, a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the cavitation reaction tank, and a liquid medium circularly enters and exits the cavitation reaction tank through the water inlet and the water outlet, so that the stability of the temperature and the capacity of the solution in the tank is ensured, and a relatively stable reaction environment is created for the solution to be detected.
Further, the liquid medium is water.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for quantitatively determining cavitation intensity in clean water or sandy water, which comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly mixing clear water or sand-containing water to be detected with an OH catching agent, and injecting the obtained mixed liquid into a cavitation reactor; then fixing the cavitation reactor in a cavitation reaction tank to make the cavitation reactor contact with a liquid medium, then starting an ultrasonic generator (whether a stirring device is started or not is determined according to the solution to be measured) to react, finally sampling and measuring the absorbance of the solution, and further determining the cavitation intensity of the solution.
Further, the OH scavenger is composed of FeSO4Dilute sulfuric acid and ultrapure water.
Further, Fe in clear water or sand-containing water to be measured and OH catcher mixed liquid2+The concentration of (A) is not more than 10mmol/L, preferably 10 mmol/L; the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid is not less than 5mmol/L, preferably more than 10 mmol/L.
Furthermore, the sand content of the clear water or the mixed liquid of the sand-containing water and the OH catching agent to be detected is not more than 20 g/L.
Further, the temperature of the liquid medium in the cavitation reaction tank is room temperature, and the stirring speed is not more than 800 r/min.
Further, the device used for the absorbance test is an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the wavelength is selected from 290nm and 400nm, preferably 300 nm.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
1) ultrasonic waves are used as cavitation excitation means to carry out cavitation tests on clean water and sand-containing water. The extreme high-temperature and high-pressure environment generated during the cavitation of the water molecules enables the water molecules to be decomposed to generate hydrogen radical (H) and hydroxyl radical (OH), the yield of OH generated by the decomposition of the water molecules is larger when the cavitation intensity is larger, and the specific process is as follows:
2) by using FeSO4The solution is used as OH trapping agent, which can trap OH generated by cavitation and generate stable reactant, and can not be adsorbed and influenced by silt in water.
Fe2++·OH→Fe3++OH- (1.2)
3)FeSO4After the reaction with OH, the color of the solution changes due to the change in the concentration of the scavenger, and the absorbance changes accordingly.
4) The absorbance of the solution before and after the reaction is detected by adopting an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, so that the content change of OH can be obtained, and the quantification of the cavitation intensity is realized.
The invention adopts ultrasonic wave as an excitation cavitation means, the ultrasonic wave is emitted upwards from the bottom of a square cavitation reaction tank, a certain volume of water is filled in the tank, and clear water or a water solution containing sand to be measured receives the ultrasonic action in a conical flask. During the ultrasonic action period, the water bath system in the tank keeps the temperature of the ambient water where the conical flask is located constant, and the stirring in the conical flask ensures that the reaction is fully carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the inventionThe beneficial effects of the method are shown in the following aspects: 1) the invention can simultaneously and quantitatively determine the cavitation intensity in the clear water and the cavitation intensity in the sandy water, and avoids the influence of sediment precipitation on the test precision. 2) The analysis method adopted by the invention is an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and OH trapping agent adopted is FeSO4The sensitivity and the accuracy of the test result of the cavitation strength measurement are high. 3) The catching agent FeSO selected by the invention4Is not easy to be adsorbed by solid particles, is suitable for solid particles of various different materials, and can be applied to the detection of cavitation intensity in solid-liquid systems of the solid particles. 4) The ultrasonic cavitation is used for replacing the hydrodynamic cavitation, the cavitation intensity under the conditions of different sand contents can be measured only by a solution with a small volume, and the ultrasonic cavitation test device has the advantages of simple test device, convenience and easiness in operation, high detection time and speed, short period and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a detection apparatus provided in the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows different concentrations of FeSO4Absorption spectrum of the solution in the wavelength range of incident light of 190-400 nm.
FIG. 3 shows FeSO of 10.00mmol/L at different ultrasonic action times4Absorption spectrum of the solution in the wavelength range of incident light of 190-400 nm.
The device comprises a liquid sample preparation tank, an ultrasonic generator, a water outlet, a cavitation reaction tank, a water inlet, a water outlet, a liquid sample preparation tank, a liquid.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art fully understand the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the following description is further provided with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The device for detecting cavitation intensity in clear water or sandy water as shown in fig. 1 mainly comprises an ultrasonic generator, a cavitation reaction tank, a conical flask (i.e. a cavitation reactor), an electric stirrer and an iron stand. The cavitation reaction tank is fixed on an ultrasonic generator, the conical flask is fixedly suspended in the cavitation reaction tank through an iron support, and the electric stirrer is fixedly connected with the conical flask and the iron support. The clear water to be tested or the sand-containing water solution to be tested is filled in the conical flask, the circulating cooling water or the heating water flows into and out of the cavitation reaction tank through the water inlet and the water outlet, the liquid temperature and the water level height in the cavitation reaction tank can be kept constant by controlling the water temperature and the flow velocity, and a relatively stable environment is provided for the test.
The process of testing by using the device is as follows:
(1) operation step for measuring clear water cavitation strength
Step 1: the ferrous sulfate solid particles were weighed. The molecular formula of the ferrous sulfate adopted by the invention is FeSO4·7H 20 and relative molecular mass 278.02. According to calculation, 500mL of FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L is prepared4The solution was weighed 1.3901g of ferrous sulfate solid particles. Before weighing, the weighing paper is flatly placed in the center of the scale pan, and after zero setting, 1.39g of ferrous sulfate particles are accurately weighed by a weighing spoon. A300 mL beaker was prepared, to which was added 3 to 4 drops of dilute sulfuric acid having a mass fraction of 60%, and a small amount of ultrapure water. Pouring the weighed ferrous sulfate particles into a beaker, slightly shaking the beaker, stirring by using a glass rod to fully dissolve the solid particles, and standing for 1-2min to keep the temperature at room temperature. The reason why the dilute sulfuric acid is added is Fe2+Is easily hydrolyzed to ensure Fe2+Can exist stably for a long time, and the concentration of dilute sulphuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L. It should be noted that the analytical balance belongs to the precision instrument, and the weighing work can be carried out after preheating for 1h after starting up every time, otherwise, the weighing error can be caused.
Step 2: FeSO with the preparation concentration of 10mmol/L4An aqueous solution. The solution dissolved and cooled in the beaker was transferred to a 500mL volumetric flask by pipetting with a glass rod. The lower end of the glass rod is leaned against the part below the scale mark of the inner wall of the volumetric flask, the cleanliness of the glass rod is ensured in the drainage process, and the drainage speed is controlled to be slow so as to prevent liquid from splashing in the drainage process. The beaker and glass rod were washed 2-3 times with pure water to transfer the solute as much as possible into the volumetric flask in case of error. After washing, the volumetric flask can be shaken slightly to mix the water evenly, pure water is added into the volumetric flask by using the washing bottle, and water is added to the scale position by using a rubber head dropper when the water is added to the scale position of 1cm-2 cm. Cover capacityAnd (3) a bottle stopper, namely holding the bottle neck and simultaneously pressing the bottle stopper, inverting the volumetric flask and shaking up, repeating the process for 1-2 times and then standing. At this time, if the liquid level is lower than the scale mark, no water is added.
And step 3: and (5) mounting a testing device. The entire amount of the prepared solution in the volumetric flask was transferred to the Erlenmeyer flask. When carrying out the clear water test, directly fix the fixed height on the iron stand platform with the erlenmeyer flask, the center of erlenmeyer flask should be located washing tank one side, and the erlenmeyer flask is apart from about 1cm of washing tank wall all around. The blade of the electric stirrer extends into the position which is about 1cm away from the bottom of the conical flask below the liquid level in the conical flask and is fixed, and the rotating speed is adjusted to be 800r/min during testing. Ultrapure water was added to the cleaning tank using a beaker, and the water depth in the tank was controlled to 10 cm. The inlet tube of the water bath system is connected below the water level in the tank, the micro water pump is started, and the flow of water flowing in and out is controlled to be equal by adjusting the opening of the drainage valve of the cleaning machine because the flow of the submersible pump is fixed. In order to avoid water level fluctuation caused by flow errors, the water level in the tank should be noticed at any time in the test process, and the opening of the drain valve should be correspondingly finely adjusted if the water level fluctuates.
And 4, step 4: ultrasonic cavitation is carried out. After the step 3 is successfully completed, starting the ultrasonic generator and the stirring device (the ultrasonic generator and the cavitation reaction tank can be replaced by an ultrasonic cleaning machine), starting timing at the same time, and carrying out ultrasonic cavitation at room temperature (25 ℃). In the test process, the change of the water level in the tank is observed at any time, and if the water level rises or falls, the adjustment is made in time so as to avoid influencing the transmission of ultrasonic waves and causing the change of the intensity of the ultrasonic waves. And (5) after 30min, closing the ultrasonic cleaning machine, taking out the stirring device from the conical flask, cleaning and air-drying. And then taking the conical flask down from the iron support, standing still, cooling for 30min, closing the micro submersible pump, and discharging all water in the tank to ensure that the whole device is clean and dry.
And 5: the solution absorbance was measured. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer belongs to a precision instrument, and can be used after being preheated for about 30min after being started. Before measuring the absorbance of the solution in the conical flask, the measuring wavelength of an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer needs to be set and zeroed. The measuring wavelength of the invention is selected to be 300nm, and the wavelength belongs to the ultraviolet light wave band, so a quartz cuvette is selected during measurement. Transferring the solution in the conical flask cooled to room temperature into a beaker, sucking the supernatant liquid by a rubber-tipped dropper, and adding the supernatant liquid into a quartz cuvette, wherein the liquid level is about 60-70% of the height of the cuvette. When the cuvette is held by hand, only the rough surface of the cuvette can be contacted, the smooth surface is just opposite to the penetration hole of the instrument, the shading cover plate is closed, and the absorbance value of the solution to be measured under the condition of 300nm incident light can be obtained by click measurement.
Step 6: the test results are recorded and processed. The clear water test should be performed in triplicate and the absorbance value recorded for each test.
(2) Operation step for measuring cavitation intensity of sand-containing water
The operation steps for measuring the cavitation intensity of the sand-containing water are basically the same as the operation steps for measuring the cavitation intensity of the clear water, and the difference is that when the sand-containing water test is carried out, the corresponding mass of the solid particles in 500mL of solution is obtained according to the set solid particle concentration in the third step, the solid particles with the corresponding mass are weighed on an analytical balance, and are added into a conical flask.
Example 1
Firstly, preparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring all the prepared solution into a conical flask, and installing a test device.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the wavelength of 300nm incident light, wherein the result is 0.358.
As a control, 500mL of FeSO was prepared at concentrations of 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5mmol/L4The solutions were tested and analyzed in comparison to example 1, and the results are shown in FIG. 2. As can be derived from FIG. 2, the wavelength ranges from 190nm to 400nm, with FeSO at the same wavelength4The concentration of the solution is reduced, and the absorbance is gradually reduced; the absorbance changes greatly in the wavelength range of 190nm-290nm, the absorbance does not change obviously in the wavelength range of 290nm-400nm, and the absorbance value is very small; the absorbance changes basically linearly in the concentration range of 0-7.5mmol/L, which is in accordance withLambert-Beer law.
As a control, a series of 500mL FeSO concentrations of 10mmol/L were prepared4The solution was sonicated for 0min, 10min, and 20min, and then sampled for testing and comparative analysis with example 1, and the results are shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the absorbance of the solution gradually increased as the ultrasonic cavitation time was gradually extended, because as Fe was added2+Fe formed by reaction with OH3+Increasing concentration of Fe3+The absorbance in the wavelength range of 190nm to 400nm also gradually increases. Compare FIG. 2 to avoid Fe2+The absorbance interference measurement result is more reasonable when the absorbance measurement is carried out in the wavelength range of 290-400 nm.
Example 2
Firstly, preparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring the prepared solution into a conical flask completely. 1.0g of quartz sand particles having a particle size of 40 to 60 μm were weighed and charged into an Erlenmeyer flask so that the sand content of the solution was 2.0 g/L. Then, the test device is mounted and fixed.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the wavelength of 300nm incident light, wherein the result is 0.670.
Example 3
Firstly, preparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring the prepared solution into a conical flask completely. 2.0g of quartz sand particles having a particle size of 40 to 60 μm were weighed and charged into an Erlenmeyer flask so that the sand content of the solution was 4.0 g/L. Then, the test device is mounted and fixed.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the incident light wavelength of 300nm to obtain the result of 0.714.
Example 4
(one) preparationPreparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring the prepared solution into a conical flask completely. 4.0g of quartz sand particles having a particle size of 40 to 60 μm were weighed and charged into an Erlenmeyer flask so that the sand content of the solution was 8.0 g/L. Then, the test device is mounted and fixed.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the incident light wavelength of 300nm to obtain the result of 0.844.
Example 5
Firstly, preparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring the prepared solution into a conical flask completely. 2.0g of quartz sand particles having a particle size of not more than 40 μm were weighed and charged into an Erlenmeyer flask so that the sand content of the solution was 4.0 g/L. Then, the test device is mounted and fixed.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the incident light wavelength of 300nm to obtain the result of 0.991.
Example 6
Firstly, preparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring the prepared solution into a conical flask completely. 2.0g of quartz sand particles having a particle size of 60 to 75 μm were weighed and charged into an Erlenmeyer flask so that the sand content of the solution was 4.0 g/L. Then, the test device is mounted and fixed.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the incident light wavelength of 300nm to obtain the result of 0.647.
Example 7
Firstly, preparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring the prepared solution into a conical flask completely. 2.0g of quartz sand particles having a particle size of 75 to 100 μm were weighed and charged into an Erlenmeyer flask so that the sand content of the solution was 4.0 g/L. Then, the test device is mounted and fixed.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the wavelength of 300nm incident light, wherein the result is 0.508.
Example 8
Firstly, preparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring the prepared solution into a conical flask completely. 2.0g of silica sand particles having a particle size of 100-200 μm were weighed and charged into a conical flask so that the sand content of the solution was 4.0 g/L. Then, the test device is mounted and fixed.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the incident light wavelength of 300nm to obtain the result of 0.451.
Example 9
Firstly, preparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring the prepared solution into a conical flask completely. 2.0g of albite particles with the particle size of 40-60 mu m are weighed and added into an erlenmeyer flask, so that the sand content of the solution is 4.0 g/L. Then, the test device is mounted and fixed.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the wavelength of 300nm incident light, wherein the result is 0.774.
Example 10
Firstly, preparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring the prepared solution into a conical flask completely. 2.0g of talc particles having a particle size of 40 to 60 μm were weighed and put into a conical flask so that the sand content of the solution was 4.0 g/L. Then, the test device is mounted and fixed.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the wavelength of 300nm incident light, wherein the result is 0.887.
Example 11
Firstly, preparing FeSO with the concentration of 10mmol/L4The solution is 500mL, and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in the solution is more than or equal to 5 mmol/L.
And (II) transferring the prepared solution into a conical flask completely. 2.0g of graphite particles having a particle size of 40 to 60 μm were weighed and put into a conical flask so that the sand content of the solution was 4.0 g/L. Then, the test device is mounted and fixed.
And (III) starting timing by opening the ultrasonic and stirring device, taking the supernatant of the solution in the conical flask after 30min, adding the supernatant into a quartz cuvette, and measuring the absorbance at the wavelength of 300nm incident light, wherein the result is 1.064.
Analysis of example 1 and comparative example 1 revealed that FeSO was present at a concentration of 10.00mmol/L in clear water4After the solution is subjected to ultrasonic action for 0min, 10min, 20min and 30min, the absorbance of the solution in the wavelength range of 290nm is 0.135, 0.295, 0.405 and 0.455 respectively. This indicates that the longer the ultrasonic reaction time, the higher the absorbance, and the Fe generated by the reaction3+The higher the concentration, i.e. the greater the cavitation intensity.
Comparative examples 2 to 4 show that 10.00mmol/LFeSO was obtained under the conditions of sand-containing water (the content of silica sand was 2.0g/L, 4.0g/L, 8.0g/L)4After the solution is subjected to ultrasonic action for 30min, the absorbance of the solution in the wavelength range of 290nm is respectively 0.670, 0.714 and 0.844. This indicates that the higher the sand content in the solution, the greater the absorbance, and the greater the corresponding cavitation intensity.
As can be seen from comparison of examples 3 and 5-8, 10.00mmol/LFeSO was obtained under the conditions of sand-containing water (sand content 4.0g/L, particle size 40 μm, 40-60 μm, 60-75 μm, 75-100 μm, 100-200 μm)4The solution is treated with ultrasound for 30min, and the absorbance at 290nm is 0.991, 0.714, 0.647, 0.508,0.451. this indicates that the smaller the particle size of the particles in the solution, the greater the absorbance, and the greater the corresponding apparent cavitation intensity.
Comparative examples 3 and 9 to 11 show that 10.00mmol/LFeSO was obtained in the presence of sand-containing water (sand content: 4.0g/L, particle size: 40 to 60 μm, quartz sand, albite, talc, graphite particles)4After the solution is subjected to ultrasonic action for 30min, the absorbance of the solution in the wavelength range of 290nm is respectively 0.714, 0.774, 0.887 and 1.064. This indicates that different particles have different effects on cavitation intensity, and as the hydrophobicity of the particles gradually increases, the corresponding cavitation intensity increases.
The comparative analysis conclusion of the above examples proves that the method of the invention can be used for quantitative determination of cavitation intensity of clear water or sand-containing water.
Claims (10)
1. A device for quantitatively measuring cavitation intensity in clear water or sandy water is characterized in that: the device comprises an ultrasonic generator, a cavitation reaction tank and a cavitation reactor, wherein a liquid medium and a solution to be detected are respectively filled in the cavitation reaction tank and the cavitation reactor, the cavitation reactor is positioned in the cavitation reaction tank and is in contact with the liquid medium, and ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic generator act on the liquid medium in the cavitation reaction tank and the solution to be detected in the cavitation reactor.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and a stirring device is also arranged in the cavitation reactor.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the whole device also comprises a fixed support, wherein the fixed support is connected with the cavitation reactor and is used for suspending and soaking the cavitation reactor in a liquid medium in the cavitation reaction tank.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic generator is positioned at the bottom of the cavitation reaction tank, and the liquid medium in the cavitation reaction tank is water.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the cavitation reaction tank is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the liquid medium circularly enters and exits the cavitation reaction tank through the water inlet and the water outlet, so that the temperature and the capacity of the solution in the tank are kept stable.
6. A method for quantitatively measuring cavitation intensity in clear water or sandy water is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, uniformly mixing clear water or sand-containing water to be detected with an OH catching agent, and injecting the obtained mixed liquid into a cavitation reactor; and then fixing the cavitation reactor in a cavitation reaction tank to enable the cavitation reactor to be in contact with a liquid medium, starting at least one of an ultrasonic generator and a stirring device to perform reaction, and finally sampling to determine the absorbance of the solution so as to determine the cavitation intensity.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the OH scavenger is FeSO4Mixing with dilute sulfuric acid and water.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: fe in clear water to be detected or mixed solution of sand-containing water to be detected and OH catcher2+The concentration is not more than 10mmol/L, the concentration of dilute sulphuric acid is not less than 5mmol/L, and the sand content is not more than 20 g/L.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein: the temperature of the liquid medium in the cavitation reaction tank is room temperature, and the stirring speed is not more than 800 r/min.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein: the equipment used for the absorbance test is an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the wavelength is selected from 290nm, 400nm and preferably 300 nm.
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