CN112576184B - Pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with energy storage characteristic - Google Patents
Pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with energy storage characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN112576184B CN112576184B CN202011593751.0A CN202011593751A CN112576184B CN 112576184 B CN112576184 B CN 112576184B CN 202011593751 A CN202011593751 A CN 202011593751A CN 112576184 B CN112576184 B CN 112576184B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 155
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009439 industrial construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
- E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pneumatic down-the-hole impactor with an energy storage characteristic, and belongs to the technical field of rock drilling instruments. The impactor consists of an outer shell, an upper joint, a lower joint and a gas distribution device, wherein the upper joint is installed at one end of the outer shell in a threaded manner, and the lower joint is installed at the other end of the outer shell in a threaded manner; the shell body below the upper joint is provided with a gas distribution device and a piston through an inner sleeve, the shell body between the piston and the lower joint is provided with a guide sleeve through threads, and the lower joint is provided with a drill bit. The impactor can increase the impact force of the drill bit on the rock by matching the upper air chamber with the impact spring, so that the rock breaking effect can be effectively enhanced; the gas flow can be always circulated in the deslagging channel, so that the deslagging channel can not be blocked due to reverse flow, and the gas path can be effectively ensured to be unblocked; the problem of current impacter impact force not enough and lead to broken rock effect not good is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pneumatic down-the-hole impactor with an energy storage characteristic, and belongs to the technical field of rock drilling instruments.
Background
The geotechnical drilling engineering occupies more and more important places in the current economic construction of China, and the application field of the geotechnical drilling engineering not only relates to the exploration and development of mineral products, but also more and more relates to the aspects of buildings, water supply, municipal administration, traffic, environment and the like. With the pace of construction of the economic globalization accelerating, the market of the engineering is getting bigger and bigger in the world and the domestic market, and the requirements are also getting higher and higher. At present, the Chinese economy will remain at the high tide of economic and industrial construction, with a new round of rapid development and mineral resource exploitation, and market demand will be greater and continuously growing in impactors. The birth and development of the drilling process of the pneumatic impactor are a great revolution of the world drilling technology, the traditional cutting and grinding rock crushing mode is changed, the rock is crushed in volume, and the drilling efficiency and the adaptability to hard and complex bottom layers are greatly improved. The pneumatic impactor is introduced into China in the 60 th 20 th century, and with the improvement of the structure of the impactor and the optimization of working performance, people are more and more aware of the application of the impactor in complex stratum, mineral exploration and engineering geological exploration, so that the pneumatic impactor has good prospects. With the rapid rise of the demand of the impactors, the types and the quantity of products on the market are more and more, and the quality of the products is uneven. But most manufacturers refer to and continuously borrow the existing structural parameters at foreign or domestic places. There is therefore a need for innovative improvements to existing impactors.
In recent two years, with the increasing importance of people on rock drilling instruments, down-the-hole impactors are developing more and more quickly, and most of impactors in the market adopt pneumatic down-the-hole impactors according to the current development condition. The impacter is widely applied in various aspects in China at present, and the main principle is that the position matching between a piston and an outer sleeve and a central gas distribution rod form an upper gas distribution chamber and a lower gas distribution chamber to realize the whole gas distribution process, so that the reciprocating motion of the piston is controlled to impact a hammer head, and rock strata are impacted, and the aim of drilling is fulfilled. However, at present, the return stroke and the stroke of most of impacter pistons are mainly adjusted through the pressure and the area of an upper gas distribution chamber and a lower gas distribution chamber, and because the sections of the end surfaces of the pistons are relatively fixed in the design process, the pressure in the gas chambers is mainly adjusted, the return stroke releases the pressure of the upper gas distribution chamber, and the pressure of the lower gas distribution chamber is properly increased; stroke, increasing the pressure of the upper air distribution chamber and releasing the pressure of the lower air distribution chamber; in the process of compressing and collecting pressure by gas in the upper gas distribution chamber, the gas compression amount in the upper gas distribution chamber is larger, heat generation is obvious, and considerable energy loss is brought at the moment, namely, the stroke energy acting on the piston is reduced, so that the rock breaking effect is poor due to insufficient stroke impact force of the piston, and therefore improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the pneumatic down-hole hammer with the energy storage characteristic can increase impact force and further enhance a rock breaking effect so as to solve the problem that the existing hammer is poor in rock breaking effect due to insufficient impact force.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a pneumatic down-the-hole impacter with energy storage characteristic, it comprises shell body, upper junction, lower clutch and gas distribution device, its characterized in that: an upper joint is arranged at one end of the outer shell through threads, and a lower joint is arranged at the other end of the outer shell through threads; the outer shell below the upper joint is provided with a gas distribution device through an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve below the gas distribution device is provided with a piston, and the piston is connected with the inner sleeve in a sliding and sealing manner; a guide sleeve is arranged on the outer shell between the piston and the lower joint in a threaded manner, and the guide sleeve is intermittently and hermetically connected with the bottom end of the piston; the lower joint is provided with a drill bit which is intermittently abutted and connected with the piston.
The gas distribution device comprises a gas distribution seat, a check valve, an upper gas chamber and an impact spring, wherein the gas distribution seat is in a cross shape, the check valve is arranged on the end surface of the top of the gas distribution seat through a return spring, the upper gas chamber is arranged on the gas distribution seat below the check valve through an upper limiting ring, and the impact spring is arranged between the upper gas chamber and the gas distribution seat through an assembling mechanism; the air distribution seat is in threaded connection with the inner sleeve, the check valve is in abutting sealing connection with the upper joint, and the upper air chamber is in abutting connection with the piston gap.
The upper air chamber is a tubular body, an upper air distribution ring groove is arranged on the bottom end face of the upper air chamber, and the upper air distribution ring groove is connected with the piston in an intermittent sealing manner; the circumference of the upper air chamber outside the upper air distribution ring groove is provided with an air distribution through hole which is communicated with the upper air distribution ring groove; an upper limiting flange is arranged on the inner wall of the upper air chamber above the upper limiting ring and is in sliding connection with the air distribution seat.
The assembly mechanism consists of an assembly sleeve, an assembly plate and a guide rod, wherein the assembly sleeve is an annular body, an assembly ring groove is formed in the end face of the bottom of the assembly sleeve, and guide holes are uniformly distributed in the bottom of the assembly ring groove; an assembly plate is movably arranged on the assembly ring groove, a guide rod is correspondingly and movably inserted and connected with the guide hole on the assembly plate; the guide rod is sleeved and connected with the impact spring; the assembling plate is intermittently abutted against and connected with the upper air chamber, and the assembling ring groove is movably inserted and connected with the upper end of the upper air chamber.
The center part of the end surface of the piston is provided with a center hole, one end of the center hole is intermittently inserted and connected with the bottom end of the gas distribution seat, and the other end of the center hole is communicated with a slag discharge channel on the drill bit; the circumference of the lower part in the piston is provided with a lower gas distribution ring groove, the circumference of the piston below the lower gas distribution ring groove is provided with a limit shoulder, and the limit shoulder is intermittently abutted against and connected with the guide sleeve.
Air passages are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner sleeve, upper communication holes are formed in the upper end heads of the air passages, lower communication holes are formed in the lower end heads of the air passages, and middle communication holes are formed in the air passages between the lower communication holes and the upper communication holes.
The drill bit on the screw thread install down spacing ring, be provided with down spacing flange on the lower clutch of lower spacing ring below, down spacing flange supports to lean on with lower spacing ring to be connected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with the energy storage characteristic can increase the impact force of the piston when the piston moves downwards through the cooperation of the upper air chamber and the impact spring, so that the impact force of the piston on the drill bit is increased, the impact force of the drill bit on rocks is increased, and the rock breaking effect can be effectively enhanced; the piston supplies air to the slag discharging channel of the drill bit through the upper gas distribution ring groove of the upper gas chamber in the ascending process, and supplies air to the slag discharging channel of the drill bit through the lower gas distribution ring groove of the piston in the descending process of the piston, so that the slag discharging channel is always in airflow circulation, the slag discharging channel is prevented from being blocked due to reverse flow, and the air path is effectively ensured to be unblocked; the problem of current impacter impact force not enough and lead to broken rock effect not good is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at B of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the working state of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the piston type gas distribution device comprises an outer shell, 2, an upper connector, 3, a lower connector, 4, an inner sleeve, 5, a piston, 6, a guide sleeve, 7, a lower limiting ring, 8, a drill bit, 9, a gas distribution seat, 10, a check valve, 11, an upper gas chamber, 12, an impact spring, 13, a return spring, 14, an upper limiting ring, 15, an upper gas distribution annular groove, 16, a gas distribution through hole, 17, an upper limiting flange, 18, an assembly sleeve, 19, an assembly plate, 20, a guide rod, 21, an assembly annular groove, 22, a guide hole, 23, a central hole, 24, a slag discharge channel, 25, a lower gas distribution annular groove, 26, a limiting shoulder, 27, a gas channel, 28, an upper communication hole, 29, a lower communication hole, 30, a middle communication hole, 31 and a lower limiting flange.
Detailed Description
The pneumatic down-the-hole impactor with the energy storage characteristic is composed of an outer shell 1, an upper joint 2, a lower joint 3 and a gas distribution device, wherein the upper joint 2 is installed at one end of the outer shell 1 through threads, and wear-resistant alloy blocks are uniformly distributed on the upper joint 2 above the outer shell 1; the other end of the outer shell 1 is provided with a lower joint 3 in a threaded manner; the outer shell 1 below the upper joint 2 is provided with a gas distribution device through an inner sleeve 4, the inner sleeve 4 below the gas distribution device is provided with a piston 5, and the piston 5 is connected with the inner sleeve 4 in a sliding and sealing manner; a guide sleeve 6 is arranged on the outer shell 1 between the piston 5 and the lower joint 3 in a threaded manner, and the guide sleeve 6 is intermittently and hermetically connected with the bottom end of the piston 5; a drill bit 8 is arranged on the lower joint 3, and the drill bit 8 is intermittently abutted and connected with the piston 5; the piston 5 has the function of generating larger kinetic energy under the action of high-pressure gas in the rock breaking process, and in the process that the piston 5 impacts the drill bit 8, the piston 5 transmits the kinetic energy to the drill bit 8, so that the drill bit 8 impacts the rock under the action of the kinetic energy to break the rock, and the aim of breaking the rock is fulfilled.
The gas distribution device comprises a gas distribution seat 9, a check valve 10, an upper gas chamber 11 and an impact spring 12, wherein the gas distribution seat 9 is in a cross shape, the gas distribution seat 9 is in threaded connection with the inner sleeve 4, the check valve 10 is installed on the end surface of the top of the gas distribution seat 9 through a return spring 13, the check valve 10 is in abutting and sealing connection with the upper connector 2, and the check valve 10 has the function that when the gas pressure in the upper connector 2 is small, the check valve 10 seals the upper connector 2 through the elastic force of the return spring 13 to prevent impurities from entering the upper connector 2 due to reverse flow, so that the upper connector 2 is not easy to block; an upper air chamber 11 is sleeved on the air distribution seat 9 below the check valve 10, the upper air chamber 11 is a tubular body, and the upper air chamber 11 is in clearance abutting connection with the piston 5, so that the upper air chamber 11 can drive the piston 5 to move downwards in the downward movement process, or the piston 5 can drive the upper air chamber 11 to move upwards in the upward movement process; an upper limiting ring 14 is installed on the air distribution seat 9 on the inner side of the upper air chamber 11 in a threaded mode, an upper limiting flange 17 is arranged on the inner wall of the upper air chamber 11 above the upper limiting ring 14, the upper limiting flange 17 is connected with the air distribution seat 9 in a sliding mode, and the upper limiting flange 17 is used for limiting the upper air chamber 11 in a matched mode with the upper limiting ring 14 to prevent the upper air chamber 11 from being separated from the air distribution seat 9 in the movement process; an upper gas distribution ring groove 15 is arranged on the bottom end face of the upper gas chamber 11, the upper gas distribution ring groove 15 is intermittently and hermetically connected with the piston 5, the upper gas distribution ring groove 15 is used for gathering gas, so that the gas can be compressed in the upper gas distribution ring groove 15 to increase the gas pressure, and meanwhile, when the gas in the upper gas distribution ring groove 15 releases the pressure, the gas in the upper gas distribution ring groove 15 can be increased in volume to continuously supply gas to the outside so as to purge the bottom of the drill bit 8; the circumference of the upper air chamber 11 outside the upper air distribution ring groove 15 is provided with an air distribution through hole 16, the air distribution through hole 16 is communicated with the upper air distribution ring groove 15, and when the air distribution device works, air is supplied to the upper air distribution ring groove 15 through the air distribution through hole 16, so that the air can be gathered in the upper air distribution ring groove 15; an impact spring 12 is arranged between the upper air chamber 11 and the gas distribution seat 9 through an assembling mechanism, the impact spring 12 is used for increasing the thrust of the upper air chamber 11 to the piston 5 when the upper air chamber 11 pushes the piston 5 to move downwards through the elastic force of the impact spring 12, compared with the situation that the piston is pushed only by air pressure, the piston 5 obtains larger kinetic energy, and when the piston 5 impacts the drill bit 8, the kinetic energy transmitted to the drill bit 8 by the piston 5 is larger, so that the rock breaking capacity of the drill bit 8 is increased, and the rock breaking effect is enhanced; the assembling mechanism is composed of an assembling sleeve 18, an assembling plate 19 and a guide rod 20, the assembling sleeve 18 is an annular body, an assembling ring groove 21 is formed in the end face of the bottom of the assembling sleeve 18, and guide holes 22 are uniformly distributed in the bottom of the assembling ring groove 21; an assembly plate 19 is movably mounted on the assembly ring groove 21, a guide rod 20 is arranged on the assembly plate 19 corresponding to the guide hole 22, and the guide rod 20 is movably inserted and connected with the guide hole 22; the guide rod 20 is sleeved and connected with the impact spring 12; the guide hole 22 is used for limiting the position of the guide rod 20, so that the guide rod 20 can only move up and down along the guide hole 22 without deflection, and further the elastic direction of the impact spring 12 always points to the piston 5 when the impact spring is compressed or reset, thereby ensuring that the impact spring 12 has the highest conversion efficiency on kinetic energy and enabling the piston 5 to obtain the maximum kinetic energy; the assembling plate 19 is connected with the upper air chamber 11 in an intermittent abutting mode, the assembling ring groove 21 is connected with the upper end of the upper air chamber 11 in a movable inserting mode, the position of the upper air chamber 11 is limited under the matching action of the upper limiting ring 14 and the upper limiting flange 17, the upper air chamber 11 is not prone to being separated from the air distribution seat 9, meanwhile, the upper air chamber 11 is limited to be always kept in inserting connection with the assembling ring groove 21, the assembling plate 19 is further guaranteed not to be separated from the assembling sleeve 18, therefore, the guide rod 20 is guaranteed not to be separated from the guide hole 22, the assembling plate 19 is prevented from being inclined, the guide rod 20 cannot be inserted into the guide hole 22, the impact spring 12 is enabled not to be compressed, and therefore the impact spring 12 is guaranteed to work normally.
The center part of the end face of the piston 5 is provided with a center hole 23, one end of the center hole 23 is intermittently connected with the bottom end of the gas distribution seat 9 in a plug-in manner, when the end of the center hole 23 is connected with the bottom end of the gas distribution seat 9 in a plug-in manner, the bottom end of the gas distribution seat 9 seals the center hole 23, so that a closed space is formed between the piston 5 and the upper gas chamber 11, and gas in the upper gas distribution annular groove 15 of the upper gas chamber 11 can be compressed in the ascending process of the piston 5, so that the pressure of the gas in the upper gas distribution annular groove 15 can be increased; the other end of the central hole 23 is communicated with a slag discharge channel 24 on the drill bit 8, when the end of the central hole 23 is separated from the bottom end of the air distribution seat 9, the air in the upper air distribution annular groove 15 can enter the slag discharge channel 24 through the central hole 23, so that broken stones at the bottom of the drill bit 8 can be blown off, and backflow can be prevented; the circumference of the middle lower part of the piston 5 is provided with a lower gas distribution ring groove 25, the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 has the function that when the piston 5 is in sealing connection with the guide sleeve 6, gas can be gathered in the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 to increase the gas pressure in the lower gas distribution ring groove 25, so that the piston 5 can be pushed to move upwards, and when the piston 5 is separated from the guide sleeve 6, compressed gas in the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 is released to enter a slag discharge channel 24, so that the bottom of the drill bit 8 can be purged and backflow can be prevented; a limiting shoulder 26 is arranged on the circumference of the piston 5 below the lower gas distribution ring groove 25, and the limiting shoulder 26 is intermittently abutted and connected with the guide sleeve 6; air passages 27 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner sleeve 4, upper communication holes 28 are formed in the upper end heads of the air passages 27, the upper communication holes 28 are intermittently communicated with the upper connector 2, and the upper connector 2 can ventilate the air passages 27 when the upper communication holes 28 are communicated with the upper connector 2; the lower end of the air flue 27 is provided with a lower communicating hole 29, the lower communicating hole 29 is intermittently communicated with the lower gas distribution ring groove 25, when the lower communicating hole 29 is communicated with the lower gas distribution ring groove 25, gas in the air flue 27 can enter the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 through the lower communicating hole 29, and then the piston 5 can be pushed to move upwards under the action of gas pressure; a middle communication hole 30 is arranged on the air channel 27 between the lower communication hole 29 and the upper communication hole 28, the middle communication hole 30 is intermittently communicated with the gas distribution through hole 16, when the middle communication hole 30 is communicated with the gas distribution through hole 16, gas in the air channel 27 can enter the gas distribution through hole 16 through the middle communication hole 30 and further enter the upper gas distribution ring groove 15, so that the piston 5 can be pushed to move downwards under the action of gas pressure in the upper gas distribution ring groove 15, and the piston 5 impacts the drill bit 8, thereby breaking rock; the drill bit 8 is provided with a lower limiting ring 7 through threads, a lower limiting flange 31 is arranged on the lower joint 3 below the lower limiting ring 7, the lower limiting flange 31 and the lower limiting ring 7 are intermittently abutted and connected, and the lower limiting ring 7 is used for limiting the position of the drill bit 8 by matching the lower limiting ring 7 and the lower limiting flange 31 when the piston 5 impacts the drill bit 8 so that the drill bit 8 is not easy to separate from the lower joint 3.
When the pneumatic down-the-hole impactor with the energy storage characteristic works, high-pressure gas is introduced into the upper connector 2, the high-pressure gas in the upper connector 2 overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 13, the check valve 10 is pushed to move downwards, the upper communication hole 28 in the inner sleeve 4 is communicated with the upper connector 2, and then the high-pressure gas enters the air channel 27 through the upper communication hole 28; when the check valve 10 is pushed to move downwards by high-pressure gas, the bottom end of the piston 5 is in sealing connection with the guide sleeve 6 under the action of self gravity, and the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 of the piston 5 is communicated with the lower communicating hole 29; the high-pressure gas entering the gas channel 27 enters the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 through the lower communicating hole 29 and is gathered in the lower gas distribution ring groove 25, when the gas pressure in the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 is large enough, the gas in the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 pushes the piston 5 to move upwards, and the piston 5 does accelerated motion under the action of the gas pressure in the ascending process; in the ascending process of the piston 5, the upper gas distribution annular groove 15 of the upper gas chamber 11 is communicated with a slag discharge channel 24 of the drill bit 8 through a central hole 23 of the piston 5, and the piston 5 compresses gas between the piston 5 and the upper gas distribution annular groove 15 to force the gas to enter the slag discharge channel 24 through the central hole 23, so that the bottom of the drill bit 8 is purged; the bottom end of the piston 5 is gradually separated from the guide sleeve 6 in the upward process of the piston 5, and the gas in the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 is released into the slag discharge channel 24 through the guide sleeve 6 to purge the bottom of the drill bit 8; when the bottom end of the piston 5 is gradually separated from the guide sleeve 6, the bottom end of the gas distribution seat 9 is inserted into a central hole 23 of the piston 5, so that a closed space is formed between the upper air chamber 11 and the piston 5, the piston 5 continues to move upwards under the action of self inertia, in the process that the piston 5 continues to move upwards, the piston 5 compresses gas between the piston 5 and the upper air chamber 11 and gradually contacts with the upper air chamber 11, the piston 5 pushes the upper air chamber 11 to move upwards through the gas pressure between the upper air chamber 11 and the piston 5 and the self inertia, and in the process that the upper air chamber 11 moves upwards, the assembling plate 19 is pushed to move upwards, so that the assembling plate 19 compresses the impact spring 12 in the process of moving upwards; in the ascending process of the upper air chamber 11, the gas distribution through hole 16 on the upper air chamber 11 is gradually communicated with the middle communication hole 30, and high-pressure gas in the air flue 27 sequentially enters the upper gas distribution annular groove 15 of the upper air chamber 11 through the middle communication hole 30 and the gas distribution through hole 16 when the middle communication hole 30 is communicated with the gas distribution through hole 16, so that the gas pressure in the upper gas distribution annular groove 15 is gradually increased; after the upward speed of the piston 5 returns to zero, the high-pressure gas in the upper gas distribution ring groove 15 and the elastic force of the impact spring 12 as well as the self gravity of the piston 5 and the upper gas chamber 11 push the piston 5 to move downward and make the piston 5 do accelerated motion, the piston 5 gradually separates from the upper gas chamber 11 in the downward process, and after the piston 5 separates from the upper gas chamber 11, the piston 5 continues to do accelerated motion under the self gravity and the gas pressure between the piston 5 and the upper gas chamber 11; in the descending process of the piston 5, the piston is gradually separated from the gas distribution seat 9, after the piston 5 is separated from the gas distribution seat 9, the upper air chamber 11 is communicated with the slag discharging channel 24 through the central hole 23, and the gas between the upper air chamber 11 and the piston 5 is released into the slag discharging channel 24 through the central hole 23, so that the bottom of the drill bit 8 is swept; when the piston 5 is separated from the gas distribution seat 9, the bottom end of the piston 5 is inserted into the guide sleeve 6, so that the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 of the piston 5 is sealed, and part of kinetic energy of the piston 5 in the downward process of the piston 5 applies work to gas in the lower gas distribution ring groove 25, so that the gas in the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 is compressed; in the process of continuing descending after the bottom end head of the piston 5 is inserted into the guide sleeve 6, the piston 5 impacts the drill bit 8, and in the process of impacting the drill bit 8, the piston 5 transmits kinetic energy to the drill bit 8, so that the drill bit 8 obtains larger kinetic energy to impact rocks to break the rocks; when the piston 5 moves downwards, the lower communication hole 29 is gradually communicated with the lower gas distribution ring groove 25, and high-pressure gas in the gas channel 27 enters the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 through the lower communication hole 29, so that the piston 5 enters the next movement period.
In the initial stage of the return process, the return process is mainly based on the difference between the gas acting force of the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 and the acting force of the upper gas distribution ring groove 15, before the piston 5 is not contacted with the upper gas chamber 11 in the return process, according to the Newton's second law, the mechanical equilibrium equation of the piston 5 in each stage of the return process is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for each of the different gas pressure action surface areas of the lower gas distribution ring groove 25,
the pressure of each different gas pressure acting surface of the lower gas distribution ring groove 25 is shown, i is the serial number of the gas acting surface of the lower gas distribution ring groove 25, i =1,2, \ 8230, m, m is the number of the acting surfaces;
for each of the different gas pressure action surface areas of the upper gas distribution ring groove 15,
the pressure of each action surface of different gas pressures of the upper gas distribution ring groove 15 is adopted, j is the serial number of the action surface of the upper gas distribution ring groove 15 body, j =1,2, \8230, n and n are the number of the action surfaces;
as to the mass of the piston,
in order to be the acceleration of the gravity,
is the piston return acceleration.
After the piston contacts the upper air chamber 11, the mechanical balance equation of the piston 5 is as follows due to the action of the impact spring 12:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the equivalent spring constant of the impact spring 12,
is the amount of impact spring 12 compression.
In the traditional impact, if the impact spring 12 is not adopted, the return stroke and the stroke of the piston are mainly adjusted through the pressure and the area of the upper air distribution chamber and the lower air distribution chamber, and because the cross sections of the end surfaces of the piston are relatively fixed in the design process, the pressure in the air chambers is actually mainly adjusted, the return stroke releases the pressure of the upper air distribution chamber, and the pressure of the lower air distribution chamber is properly increased; the stroke increases the pressure of the upper air distribution chamber and releases the pressure of the lower air distribution chamber.
According to the gas state equation:
wherein R is a gas constant represented by J/(kg.K), and the value thereof is 287J/(kg.K) for air.
In the process of the return stroke, the purpose of forward impact of the stroke piston is achieved due to the fact that reversing of the piston speed is achieved in combination with an energy conservation principle, and in the process of the piston return stroke deceleration, the upper gas distribution chamber is large in gas compression amount and obvious in heat production, and considerable energy loss can be brought at the moment.
Because impact spring 12's effect in this impacter, the traditional mode contrast of return process (formula (2) and formula (1) contrast), its return final stage acceleration value increases, it accelerates to slow down, make the required time of return reduce, the gas compression volume reduces, at this moment, return speed accelerates, return compression heat reduces, go up the gas distribution ring groove 15 final pressure release value volume and reduce, can make and go up gas distribution ring groove 15 and have the characteristics that remain pressure, impacter return efficiency promotes, the product heat reduces, effectively the loss of energy reduces promptly.
During the stroke, the mechanical equilibrium equation of the initial stage due to the impact spring 12 is:
while the balance equation of the conventional impactor is
Comparing formula (3) and formula (4), because the effect of impact spring 12, impact the initial stage, impact spring 12 release energy, and this impacter is compared in traditional impacter stroke acceleration increase, and on the other hand, under the gas distribution ring groove 25 lets out the pressure, goes up the pressurize characteristics that gas distribution ring groove 15 compared with traditional impacter and has, goes up the effective effort increase that gas distribution ring groove 15 and gas distribution ring groove 25 atmospheric pressure produced down to the efficiency of stroke initial stage has further been accelerated. At this time, the calculation formula of the impact energy of the piston 5 is:
wherein W is the impact energy and the unit is J; vp is the piston impact end speed, and the unit is m/s; l is the actual stroke of the piston in m.
The speed and displacement of each stage of the stroke are simplified into 4 stages, and the impact speed and the total displacement of each stage of the piston are as follows:
in the formula, v 1 、v 2 、v 3 、v 4 The speeds of the pistons in the first, second, third and fourth stages of the stroke respectively; s is 1 、s 2 、s 3 、s 4 The motion displacement of the piston at the first, second, third and fourth stages of stroke respectively; t is t 1 、t 2 、t 3 、t 4 The starting times, t, of the speeds of the first, second, third and fourth phases of the stroke, respectively 5 The cutoff time of the fourth phase of the stroke; a is a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 Acceleration for the first, second, third, and fourth phases of the stroke, respectively.
According to the formula (6), under the same working pressure, the speed of the impactor is increased faster and the final speed is higher compared with that of a traditional impactor, the impact energy is more obvious, meanwhile, the gas compression distance in the whole working stroke and the return process is reduced, the heat generated by compression is reduced, the impact performance of the piston is improved, the energy storage and release of the impact spring 12 have the effects of returning to collect gas compression energy and utilizing collected energy in the stroke, and the return compression heat and the temperature can be reduced.
The pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with the energy storage characteristic can increase the impact force of the piston during descending through the cooperation of the upper air chamber 11 and the impact spring 12, further increase the impact force of the piston 5 on the drill bit 8, and accordingly increase the impact force of the drill bit 8 on rocks, so that the rock breaking effect can be effectively enhanced; the piston 5 supplies air to the slag discharge channel 24 of the drill bit 8 through the upper air distribution ring groove 15 of the upper air chamber 11 in the ascending process, and supplies air to the slag discharge channel 24 of the drill bit 8 through the lower air distribution ring groove 25 of the piston 5 in the descending process of the piston 5, so that the slag discharge channel 24 always has airflow circulation, and further, the slag discharge channel 24 can be ensured not to be blocked by backflow, and the air path can be effectively ensured to be smooth; the problem of current impacter impact force not enough and lead to broken rock effect not good is solved.
Claims (6)
1. A pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with energy storage characteristics is composed of an outer shell (1), an upper joint (2), a lower joint (3) and a gas distribution device, wherein the upper joint (2) is installed on one end of the outer shell (1) through threads, and the lower joint (3) is installed on the other end of the outer shell (1) through threads; an air distribution device is arranged on the outer shell (1) below the upper joint (2) through an inner sleeve (4), a piston (5) is arranged on the inner sleeve (4) below the air distribution device, and the piston (5) is connected with the inner sleeve (4) in a sliding and sealing manner; a guide sleeve (6) is arranged on the outer shell (1) between the piston (5) and the lower joint (3) in a threaded manner, and the guide sleeve (6) is intermittently and hermetically connected with the bottom end of the piston (5); a drill bit (8) is arranged on the lower joint (3) through a lower limiting ring (7), and the drill bit (8) is intermittently abutted and connected with the piston (5);
the gas distribution device is composed of a gas distribution seat (9), a check valve (10), an upper air chamber (11) and an impact spring (12), wherein the gas distribution seat (9) is in a cross shape, the check valve (10) is installed on the end surface of the top of the gas distribution seat (9) through a return spring (13), the upper air chamber (11) is installed on the gas distribution seat (9) below the check valve (10) through an upper limiting ring (14), and the impact spring (12) is installed between the upper air chamber (11) and the gas distribution seat (9) through an assembling mechanism; the air distribution seat (9) is in threaded connection with the inner sleeve (4), the check valve (10) is connected with the upper joint (2) in an abutting and sealing mode, and the upper air chamber (11) is connected with the piston (5) in an abutting and sealing mode through a gap.
2. A pneumatic down-the-hole impactor with energy storage properties according to claim 1, wherein: the upper air chamber (11) is a tubular body, an upper air distribution ring groove (15) is arranged on the bottom end face of the upper air chamber (11), and the upper air distribution ring groove (15) is intermittently and hermetically connected with the piston (5); the circumference of the upper air chamber (11) at the outer side of the upper air distribution annular groove (15) is provided with an air distribution through hole (16), and the air distribution through hole (16) is communicated with the upper air distribution annular groove (15); an upper limiting flange (17) is arranged on the inner wall of the upper air chamber (11) above the upper limiting ring (14), and the upper limiting flange (17) is connected with the air distribution seat (9) in a sliding manner.
3. A pneumatic down-the-hole impactor with energy storage characteristics according to claim 1 wherein: the assembling mechanism is composed of an assembling sleeve (18), an assembling plate (19) and a guide rod (20), the assembling sleeve (18) is an annular body, an assembling ring groove (21) is formed in the end face of the bottom of the assembling sleeve (18), and guide holes (22) are uniformly distributed in the bottom of the assembling ring groove (21); an assembly plate (19) is movably mounted on the assembly ring groove (21), a guide rod (20) is arranged on the assembly plate (19) corresponding to the guide hole (22), and the guide rod (20) is movably inserted and connected with the guide hole (22); the guide rod (20) is connected with the impact spring (12) in a sleeved mode; the assembling plate (19) is intermittently abutted and connected with the upper air chamber (11), and the assembling ring groove (21) is movably inserted and connected with the upper end of the upper air chamber (11).
4. A pneumatic down-the-hole impactor with energy storage properties according to claim 1, wherein: a central hole (23) is formed in the center of the end face of the piston (5), one end of the central hole (23) is intermittently inserted and connected with the bottom end of the gas distribution seat (9), and the other end of the central hole (23) is communicated with a slag discharge channel (24) on the drill bit (8); a lower gas distribution ring groove (25) is formed in the circumference of the middle lower portion of the piston (5), a limiting shoulder (26) is arranged on the circumference of the piston (5) below the lower gas distribution ring groove (25), and the limiting shoulder (26) is intermittently abutted and connected with the guide sleeve (6).
5. A pneumatic down-the-hole impactor with energy storage properties according to claim 1, wherein: air passages (27) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner sleeve (4), an upper communication hole (28) is formed in the upper end of each air passage (27), a lower communication hole (29) is formed in the lower end of each air passage (27), and a middle communication hole (30) is formed in the air passage (27) between the lower communication hole (29) and the upper communication hole (28).
6. A pneumatic down-the-hole impactor with energy storage characteristics according to claim 1 wherein: the drill bit (8) is provided with a lower limiting ring (7) in a threaded manner, a lower limiting flange (31) is arranged on the lower joint (3) below the lower limiting ring (7), and the lower limiting flange (31) is connected with the lower limiting ring (7) in an abutting manner.
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| CN202011593751.0A CN112576184B (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with energy storage characteristic |
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| CN202011593751.0A CN112576184B (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with energy storage characteristic |
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| CN112576184B true CN112576184B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1323966A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1973-07-18 | Baker Oil Tools Inc | Percussion drilling apparatus |
| SE0200181D0 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Atlas Copco Secoroc Ab | Compressed air driven percussion for a submersible drill and submersible drill |
| CN206681670U (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-11-28 | 成都市众思诚科技有限公司 | A kind of pneumatic hammer |
| CN110159187A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-08-23 | 长江大学 | A kind of High air-pressure DTH hammer |
| CN111395950A (en) * | 2020-05-02 | 2020-07-10 | 长江大学 | Pneumatic down-the-hole impact hammer |
-
2020
- 2020-12-29 CN CN202011593751.0A patent/CN112576184B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1323966A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1973-07-18 | Baker Oil Tools Inc | Percussion drilling apparatus |
| SE0200181D0 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Atlas Copco Secoroc Ab | Compressed air driven percussion for a submersible drill and submersible drill |
| CN206681670U (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-11-28 | 成都市众思诚科技有限公司 | A kind of pneumatic hammer |
| CN110159187A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-08-23 | 长江大学 | A kind of High air-pressure DTH hammer |
| CN111395950A (en) * | 2020-05-02 | 2020-07-10 | 长江大学 | Pneumatic down-the-hole impact hammer |
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