CN112574610B - 一种减少浒苔污损的涂料及其应用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种减少浒苔污损的涂料及其应用方法,所述涂料基质为二甲基硅氧烷,涂料中有效防污物质为质量分数2.5%的木犀草素。涂料应用于紫菜养殖筏架的尼龙苗绳上,减少浒苔在尼龙绳上的污损,进而减少入海浒苔的生物量。本发明所使用的木犀草素广泛存在于花生、芹菜、蒲公英、青椒等多种植物中,具有陆地储量大、提取容易、性质温和、不易造成二次污染的特点。本发明能够应用于紫菜养殖区浒苔污损控制和绿潮的早期防控。本发明所制备的涂料能够有效减少浒苔在尼龙绳上的污损,进而减少入海浒苔的生物量,从而缓解每年黄海绿潮的爆发。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于大型海藻有害藻华控制和海洋生物污损防控领域,尤其涉及一种减少浒苔污损的涂料及其应用方法。
背景技术
2007年起,每年的春夏季时期,我国黄海都出现浒苔(Ulva prolifera)爆发性繁殖的现象。黄海浒苔绿潮至今已持续13年,造成了巨大的经济损失;其中2008年为了清理覆盖于奥帆赛赛场的浒苔,就耗费了数亿人民币的巨资。经调查发现,这些浒苔来源于江苏北部泥滩的紫菜养殖区。紫菜养殖筏架主要由竹竿和尼龙苗绳搭成,随潮起潮落周期性地被海水淹没。在紫菜养殖过程中,尼龙苗绳非常容易被浒苔等绿藻污损。在采收紫菜时,附着在苗绳上的浒苔被刮下,抛弃在海滩上,随海流一边生长一边向北移动,最终在春夏之交于山东半岛南部形成大规模的绿潮。与一般认为的富营养化导致的赤潮不同,绿潮即使在海水未富营养化的情况下也能发生,这使得绿潮难以通过限制氮磷输入海洋的量来控制。
目前常用的绿潮防控方法主要有物理方法和化学方法。物理方法主要靠人工打捞清除,适用于绿潮末期浒苔进入海岸时;而在紫菜采收季,浒苔被抛弃在海滩上时,人工打捞法仅能捞上浒苔成体,而海水中数量众多的浒苔微观繁殖体及幼苗等难以打捞,从而无法根除绿潮。化学方法是通过施加强氧化剂(如过氧化氢、次氯酸盐)或高毒性农药,杀死水体中的浒苔藻体及其生殖细胞和幼苗。该方法虽然立竿见影,但由于投放的化学试剂毒性强,往往会导致该海域非目标生物的死亡,造成二次污染,甚至导致生态失衡。
利用植物产生的天然化感物质对有害藻类进行控制,是新型的较为环保的方法。植物性化感物质具有活性温和,在环境中易降解的特点,对水生鱼类、贝类等动物较为安全,在海洋有害藻华控制上具有很强的应用潜力。木犀草素是黄酮类化合物的一种,在花生壳中含量丰富,废弃花生壳十分适合作为工业提取木犀草素的原料。已有研究表明木犀草素对一些引起有害藻华的微藻有显著的抑制作用,如铜绿微囊藻、球形棕囊藻等。因此,开发一种利用木犀草素减少浒苔污损的涂料,并应用到尼龙苗绳上,将会对黄海绿潮爆发的防控非常有帮助。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含植物性化感物质木犀草素的涂料,其能够显著地减少浒苔在尼龙绳上的污损。木犀草素的来源广泛,其中废弃花生壳是一个很好的来源;木犀草素的提取成本相对低廉,对浒苔的防污效果良好。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种减少浒苔污损的涂料,所述涂料基质为二甲基硅氧烷,涂料中有效防污物质为质量分数2.5%的木犀草素。
一种减少浒苔污损的涂料的应用,涂料应用于紫菜养殖筏架的尼龙苗绳上,减少浒苔在尼龙绳上的污损,进而减少入海浒苔的生物量。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明采用天然的植物性化感物质木犀草素作为防污剂,能够显著减少附着在尼龙绳上的浒苔幼苗数量,从而减少绿潮初期的浒苔生物量。
本发明所使用的木犀草素天然环保,容易降解,无残留风险,不会产生二次污染;对海洋鱼类等动物也较温和,不会造成生态失衡。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为本发明实施例中的肉眼观察样品的示意图;
图2为本发明实施例中的体视显微镜下观察样品的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述。
配制10L加富海水培养基(f/2,盐度30)于水缸,放入成体浒苔(无性繁殖株系,孢子体),在20℃,光量子强度50μmol/(m2s),光暗比12:12下通气培养。
使用市售1∶1加成型聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为涂料的基质,加入整个涂料的质量分数为2.5%的木犀草素,充分搅拌至全部溶解,得到防污涂料。在基质凝固前,尽快将涂料均匀地涂抹在尼龙苗绳上,在阴凉处悬挂2天后涂料凝固,苗绳可以使用。
按照以上的涂料配制方式,配制3种含不同黄酮类化感物质的涂料,分别为:木犀草素,白杨素和槲皮素,质量分数均为2.5%。将这3种涂料均匀刷在裁剪为10cm的尼龙绳表面,作为实验组样品;将不掺入任何防污剂的PDMS刷在尼龙绳表面;作为空白PDMS样品;未经任何处理的尼龙绳作为对照组样品。每组均设置3个平行样。样品静置2天,待涂料凝固后,将所有放入同一个浒苔培养缸中。尼龙绳漂浮在水面,随通气引起的水流在缸中运动,以模拟海水的运动。
1个月后取出样品,放置于培养皿中,用肉眼和体视显微镜观察浒苔幼苗的附着情况。
图1和图2分别显示了样品的肉眼观察和体视显微镜下观察的情况。未处理的对照组和空白PDMS组的尼龙绳表面密集附着了纤毛状的浒苔幼苗,其中对照组的幼苗覆盖程度明显高于其余组。实验组中,槲皮素组和白杨素组尼龙绳表面仍有部分区域被浒苔幼苗覆盖,幼苗生长状态正常,其余部分未有幼苗附着,而是零星出现深色斑点,推测为死亡藻体的分解产物;木犀草素组表面几乎没有浒苔幼苗存活,而是出现大量深色斑点。结果显示,槲皮素和杨梅素对于浒苔具有一定的防污活性,而同等浓度木犀草素的防污活性远强于槲皮素和杨梅素。
此实施例表明,本发明所制备的含木犀草素的涂料对浒苔污损的抑制率几乎达到100%,极大地减少了附着在尼龙绳上的浒苔生物量。
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (1)
1.一种利用木犀草素减少浒苔污损的方法,其特征在于:在聚二甲基硅氧烷中加入含量为质量分数为2.5%的木犀草素有效防污物质,应用于在紫菜养殖筏架的尼龙苗绳上,以减少浒苔在紫菜养殖筏架的尼龙苗绳上的污损,进而减少入海浒苔的生物量。
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CN111494363A (zh) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-07 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | 木犀草素在抗水产养殖动物嗜水气单胞菌感染中的应用 |
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CN101536687A (zh) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-23 | 香港科技大学 | 黄酮和异黄酮衍生物作为抗生物污损物质的应用以及防止海洋生物污损的方法和涂料 |
CN102613201A (zh) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-08-01 | 云南民族大学 | 用于保护水下结构表面的二氢异黄酮类化合物及其运用 |
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CN104510954A (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-15 | 青岛畅绿生物研究所 | 睡莲浒苔复配皮癣涂剂 |
CN103819954A (zh) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-05-28 | 北京科技大学 | 一种聚木犀草素抗菌涂层的制备方法及抗菌效果测试方法 |
CN111494363A (zh) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-07 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | 木犀草素在抗水产养殖动物嗜水气单胞菌感染中的应用 |
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