CN112574133B - Synthesis method of 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a synthesis method of 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt, which takes a diarylaminourea reagent as a reaction raw material and reacts in a reaction solvent under the action of a catalyst and alkali to obtain the 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt, and the synthesis method comprises the following steps: a. in the air atmosphere, 0.5mmol of diarylaminourea is mixed with 10 mol% of catalyst palladium acetate, 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate is added as alkali, the mixed solution is placed into a solvent, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-100 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 2-4 hours by magnetic force; b. and monitoring by TLC (thin layer chromatography) in the reaction process until complete reaction, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, adding a proper amount of water for quenching reaction after the reaction is finished, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane for extraction, drying by anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing reduced pressure spin-drying on a solvent, and performing column chromatography separation to obtain the pure 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic chemical synthesis, in particular to a method for synthesizing 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt in one step by utilizing palladium catalysis.
Background
The tetrazole backbone, as a non-classical bioisostere of carboxylic acids, is widely present in drug molecules. For example, tebuconazole amide is a pesticide from the o-formylaminobenzamide class. Tetrazol-5-ones (tetrazolinones) that add oxygen at the 5-position of the tetrazole ring are present in the marketed analgesic alfentanil molecule (J.Med.chem.1986,29,11, 2290-. Tetrazolinones are also the core backbone of a series of β 3-adrenoreceptor agonists (bioorg. med. chem. lett.1999,9, 1251-1254).
Tetrazolone compounds can be prepared from acid chlorides and trimethylsilylazide at high temperatures (org. biomol. chem.2016,14,9338-9342), but this method is generally only used to synthesize monosubstituted tetrazolones. Among tetrazolones, 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salts are obtained when the 1, 3-position is substituted with an aromatic ring, and methods for synthesizing 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salts have been reported less (J.chem.Soc., Perkin Trans.1,1979, 736-740; Chemische Berichte,1993,126,1149-55; Eur.J.org.chem.1998, 121-127). In the reported synthetic routes, various complex reaction raw materials and multi-step reactions are generally involved, and the yield is low. Therefore, the method for synthesizing the 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt with mild reaction conditions, simplicity and high efficiency is searched and has higher theoretical and practical application values.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel method for preparing 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt by using diarylaminourea as a raw material, using palladium acetate as a catalyst and potassium carbonate as a base in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent at 90 ℃.
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for synthesizing 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt for the first time, wherein a diaryl aminourea reagent is used as a reaction raw material and reacts in a reaction solvent under the action of a catalyst and alkali to obtain the 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt, and the reaction process comprises the following steps:
wherein R is 4-methyl, 3-methyl, 4-methoxy, 4-chlorine, 4-fluorine substituent or hydrogen; the synthesis method comprises the following steps:
a. in the air atmosphere, 0.5mmol of diarylaminourea is mixed with 10 mol% of catalyst palladium acetate, 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate is added as alkali, the mixed solution is placed into a solvent, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-100 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 2-4 hours by magnetic force;
b. and monitoring by TLC (thin layer chromatography) in the reaction process until complete reaction, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, adding a proper amount of water for quenching reaction after the reaction is finished, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane for extraction, drying by anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing reduced pressure spin-drying on a solvent, and performing column chromatography separation to obtain the pure 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt.
Further, the solvent is any one of dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.
Further, the diarylaminourea reagent is any one of diphenylsemicarbazide, di-p-methylbenzenesemicarbazide, di-m-methylbenzenesemicarbazide, di-p-methoxybenzenesemicarbazide, di-p-chlorobenzenesemicarbazide and di-p-fluorobenzenesemicarbazide.
Further, the diarylaminourea is mixed with palladium acetate serving as a catalyst and is catalyzed and oxidized by oxygen in the air to generate an azo intermediate.
Further, the azo intermediate undergoes cyclization rearrangement reaction under the catalysis of palladium and the condition of taking potassium carbonate as a base.
Further, the reaction temperature in the step is controlled to be 70-100 ℃.
Further, the reaction temperature was 90 ℃.
In the invention, diaryl aminourea is used as a raw material, palladium acetate catalysis and potassium carbonate are used as alkali in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent, a new method for preparing 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt is adopted at 90 ℃, and the diaryl aminourea is used as the raw material to simply and efficiently synthesize the 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt through palladium catalysis and oxygen oxidation. The optimal reaction time is 3h, the reactants can be converted to the maximum extent within 3h, the yield is not increased any more when the reaction time is more than 3h, the reaction raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, the operation is convenient, and the yield is high.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the simple and convenient method for preparing the 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt avoids the use of complex raw materials and multi-step reaction;
2) the diaryl aminourea is used, the raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, and the diaryl aminourea is suitable for a large number of tetrazolone inner salt derivatives;
3) the method has the advantages of high reaction efficiency, simple and convenient operation, lower cost, less by-products and high product purity;
4) the product molecules prepared by the method of the invention contain tetrazolone, and the tetrazolone widely exists in various drug molecules, so the obtained product has considerable application prospect.
Additional values and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a NMR spectrum of Compound 2a of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a NMR carbon spectrum of Compound 2a of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a single crystal X-ray diffraction pattern of Compound 2a of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the use and purpose of these exemplary embodiments are merely to exemplify the present invention, and do not set forth any limitation on the actual scope of the present invention in any form, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used for explaining the present invention. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a method for synthesizing 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt comprises the following steps of using a diarylaminourea reagent as a reaction raw material, and reacting in a reaction solvent under the action of a catalyst and an alkali to obtain the 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt:
wherein R is 4-methyl, 3-methyl, 4-methoxy, 4-chlorine, 4-fluorine substituent or hydrogen;
the synthesis method comprises the following steps:
a. in the air atmosphere, 0.5mmol of diarylaminourea is mixed with 10 mol% of catalyst palladium acetate, 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate is added as alkali, the mixed solution is placed into a solvent, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-100 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 2-4 hours by magnetic force;
b. and monitoring by TLC (thin layer chromatography) in the reaction process until complete reaction, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, adding a proper amount of water for quenching reaction after the reaction is finished, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane for extraction, drying by anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing reduced pressure spin-drying on a solvent, and performing column chromatography separation to obtain the pure 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt.
In this example, the compound is any one of dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane. The solvent is preferably dimethyl sulfoxide.
In this embodiment, the diarylaminourea reagent is any one of diphenylsemicarbazide, di-p-methylphenylsemicarbazide, di-m-methylphenylsemicarbazide, di-p-methoxyphenylsemicarbazide, di-p-chlorophenylsemicarbazide, and di-p-fluorophenylsemicarbazide.
In this example, the diarylaminoureas are combined with palladium acetate as a catalyst and oxidized with oxygen in air to form azo intermediates.
In this example, the azo intermediate undergoes a cyclization rearrangement reaction under palladium catalysis and potassium carbonate as a base.
In this example, the reaction temperature in the step was controlled at 70 to 100 ℃.
In this example, the reaction temperature was 90 ℃.
Example 1
0.5mmol of diarylaminourea, 10 mol% of palladium acetate and 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate are magnetically stirred in DMSO at 90 ℃ for 3h in an air atmosphere, and the reaction process is monitored by TLC until the reaction is complete. After the post-treatment, adding a proper amount of water to quench reaction, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane to extract, drying by anhydrous sodium sulfate, decompressing, spin-drying the solvent, and separating by column chromatography to obtain the pure 1, 3-diphenyl tetrazolone inner salt 2 a. Isolation yield: 84 percent. The compound has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction to have a compound structure, CCDC No.: 1919662.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.17-8.11(m,4H),7.59(dd,J＝6.8,4.0Hz,3H),7.55(t,J＝7.8Hz,2H),7.45(t,J＝7.4Hz,1H)；13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.45,136.58,134.28,131.42,129.80,129.53,128.71,120.52,119.98；HRMS(ESI-TOF)calcd.For C13H10N4NaO+:261.0747(M+Na+),found:261.0747。
example 2
0.5mmol of diarylaminourea, 10 mol% of palladium acetate and 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate are magnetically stirred in tetrahydrofuran at 80 ℃ for 3h in an air atmosphere, and the reaction process is monitored by TLC until the reaction is complete. And adding a proper amount of water into the post-treatment to quench the reaction, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane into the reaction mixture to extract the reaction product, drying the reaction product by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, decompressing and spin-drying the solvent, and separating the product by using column chromatography to obtain the pure 1, 3-diphenyl tetrazolone inner salt 2 a. Isolation yield: 58 percent.
Example 3
0.5mmol of diarylaminourea, 10 mol% of palladium acetate and 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate are magnetically stirred in dioxane at 100 ℃ for 3h in an air atmosphere, and the reaction process is monitored by TLC until the reaction is complete. After the post-treatment, adding a proper amount of water to quench reaction, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane to extract, drying by anhydrous sodium sulfate, decompressing, spin-drying the solvent, and separating by column chromatography to obtain the pure 1, 3-diphenyl tetrazolone inner salt 2 a. Isolation yield: 59 percent of
Example 4
0.5mmol of di-p-toluene semicarbazide, 10 mol% of palladium acetate and 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate are magnetically stirred in DMSO at 90 ℃ for 3h in an air atmosphere, and the reaction process is monitored by TLC until the reaction is completed. And adding a proper amount of water into the post-treatment to quench reaction, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane into the mixture to extract, drying the mixture by anhydrous sodium sulfate, decompressing and spin-drying the solvent, and separating the mixture by column chromatography to obtain the pure 1, 3-di-p-tolyl tetrazolone inner salt 2 b. Isolation yield: 72 percent.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.02(d,J＝8.6Hz,2H),7.98(d,J＝8.6Hz,2H),7.37(d,J＝8.2Hz,2H),7.33(d,J＝8.2Hz,2H),2.46(s,3H),2.42(s,3H)；13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.50,141.92,138.75,134.38,131.89,130.28,130.00,120.39,119.76,21.38,21.22；HRMS(ESI-TOF)calcd.For C15H14N4NaO+:289.1060(M+Na+),found:289.1066.
Example 2 mainly investigates the applicability of electron donating group (methyl) containing substrates. The results of the examples show that electron-donating substrates are equally suitable for this reaction to give tetrazolone inner salt 2 b.
Example 5
0.5mmol of di-m-toluenesemicarbazide, 10 mol% of palladium acetate and 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate are magnetically stirred in DMSO at 90 ℃ for 3h in an air atmosphere, and the reaction process is monitored by TLC until the reaction is completed. And adding a proper amount of water into the post-treatment to quench reaction, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane into the mixture to extract, drying the mixture by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, decompressing and spin-drying the solvent, and separating the mixture by using column chromatography to obtain the pure 1, 3-di-m-tolyl tetrazolone inner salt 2 c. Isolation yield: 70 percent.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.25–8.01(m,4H),7.29(dd,J＝10.0,8.8Hz,3H),7.23(d,J＝8.8Hz,1H)；13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.19,132.61,130.27,122.55,122.47,122.17,122.08,117.15,116.92,116.70,116.47,30.19,29.71；HRMS(ESI-TOF)calcd.For C15H14N4NaO+:289.1060(M+Na+),found:289.1070.
Example 6
0.5mmol of di-p-methoxybenzenesemicarbazide, 10 mol% of palladium acetate and 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate are magnetically stirred in DMSO at 90 ℃ for 3 hours in an air atmosphere, and the reaction process is monitored by TLC until the reaction is completed. And adding a proper amount of water into the post-treatment to quench reaction, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane into the mixture to extract, drying the mixture by anhydrous sodium sulfate, decompressing and spin-drying the solvent, and separating the mixture by column chromatography to obtain pure 1, 3-di-p-methoxyphenyl tetrazolone inner salt 2 d. Isolation yield: 79 percent.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.06(d,J＝9.2Hz,2H),7.99(d,J＝9.2Hz,2H),7.04(t,J＝9.1Hz,4H),3.90(s,3H),3.87(s,3H)；13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.57,129.90,127.39,122.19,121.42,114.78,114.60,55.78,55.62；HRMS(ESI-TOF)calcd.For C15H14N4NaO3 +:321.0958(M+Na+),found:321.0962.
Example 4 deals primarily with the applicability of electron donating group (methoxy) containing substrates. The results of the examples show that the methoxy substrate is equally suitable for this reaction to give tetrazolone inner salt 1 d.
Example 7
0.5mmol of di-p-chlorobenzenesemicarbazide, 10 mol% of palladium acetate and 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate are magnetically stirred in DMSO at 90 ℃ for 3 hours in an air atmosphere, and the reaction process is monitored by TLC until the reaction is completed. After the post-treatment, adding a proper amount of water to quench the reaction, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane to extract, drying by anhydrous sodium sulfate, decompressing, spin-drying the solvent, and separating by column chromatography to obtain the pure 1, 3-di-p-chlorophenyl tetrazolone inner salt 2 e. Isolation yield: 68 percent.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(d,J＝8.8Hz,4H),7.58(d,J＝9.0Hz,2H),7.51(d,J＝8.8Hz,2H)；13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.01,137.85,134.82,134.64,132.68,130.13,129.77,121.54,121.24；HRMS(ESI-TOF)calcd.For C13H8Cl2N4NaO+:328.9967(M+Na+),found:328.9969.
Example 5, intended to illustrate the compatibility of halogen-containing atoms in this reaction, shows that: the halogen atom can be compatible in the reaction to obtain the 1, 3-di-p-chlorophenyl tetrazolone inner salt 2 e. The halogen atom can be further converted into other functional groups, further showing that the method has wide substrate applicability.
Example 8
0.5mmol of di-p-fluorophenyl semicarbazide, 10 mol% of palladium acetate and 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate are magnetically stirred in DMSO at 90 ℃ for 3 hours in an air atmosphere, and the reaction process is monitored by TLC until the reaction is completed. And adding a proper amount of water into the post-treatment to quench reaction, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane into the mixture to extract, drying the mixture by anhydrous sodium sulfate, decompressing and spin-drying the solvent, and separating the product by column chromatography to obtain the pure 1, 3-di-p-fluorophenyl tetrazolone inner salt 2 f. Isolation yield: 65 percent.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.25–8.01(m,4H),7.29(dd,J＝10.0,8.8Hz,3H),7.23(d,J＝8.8Hz,1H)；13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.19,132.61,130.27,122.55,122.47,122.17,122.08,117.15,116.92,116.70,116.47；HRMS(ESI-TOF)calcd.For C13H8F2N4NaO+:297.0558(M+Na+),found:297.0573.
The invention relates to a method for synthesizing 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt, which comprises the following steps: diarylaminourea as a reaction substrate, and oxidizing with oxygen in air under palladium catalysis to produce an azo intermediate (PhN ═ NCON ═ NPh); then, the azo intermediate (PhN ═ NCON ═ NPh) undergoes a cyclization rearrangement reaction under palladium catalysis and potassium carbonate as a base, and the reaction time is 2 to 4 hours. The 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt is prepared with high yield.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A synthetic method of 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt comprises the following steps:
wherein R is 4-methyl, 3-methyl, 4-methoxy, 4-chlorine, 4-fluorine substituent or hydrogen;
a. in the air atmosphere, 0.5mmol of diarylsemicarbazide compound 1 is mixed with 10 mol% of catalyst palladium acetate, 1.0mmol of potassium carbonate is added as alkali, the mixed solution is placed in DMSO, the reaction temperature is controlled at 90 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 2-4 hours by magnetic force;
b. and monitoring by TLC (thin layer chromatography) in the reaction process until complete reaction, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, adding a proper amount of water for quenching reaction after the reaction is finished, adding a proper amount of dichloromethane for extraction, drying by anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing reduced pressure spin drying on a solvent, and performing column chromatography separation to obtain the pure 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt compound 2.
2. The method for synthesizing 1, 3-diaryl substituted tetrazolone inner salt according to claim 1, wherein the diaryl semicarbazide is any one of diphenylsemicarbazide, di-p-methylbenzenesemicarbazide, di-m-methylbenzenesemicarbazide, di-p-methoxybenzenesemicarbazide, di-p-chlorobenzenesemicarbazide and di-p-fluorobenzenesemicarbazide.
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| Title |
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| Nitrogen-Rich Mesoionic Compounds from 1,3-Diaryl-5-chlorotetrazolium Salts and Nitrogen Nucleophiles-Synthesis and Properties of 1,3-Diaryl-5-azidotetrazolium Salts;Shuki Araki et al.,;《Eur. J. Org. Chem.》;19981231;第121-127页 * |
| Photochemistry of mesoionic compounds. Photochemical conversion of 5-azido-1,3-diaryltetrazolium salts to novel tricyclic mesoions with a tetrazolo[1,5-a]benzimidazole skeleton;Araki, Shuki et al.,;《Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry》;19991231;第36卷(第4期);第863-867页 * |
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