CN112572685A - Layer-by-layer progressively-decreasing internal pressurization deepwater pressure-resistant structure system and method - Google Patents
Layer-by-layer progressively-decreasing internal pressurization deepwater pressure-resistant structure system and method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/13—Hulls built to withstand hydrostatic pressure when fully submerged, e.g. submarine hulls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a layer-by-layer progressively-decreased internal pressurization deepwater pressure-resistant structure system and a layer-by-layer progressively-decreased internal pressurization deepwater pressure-resistant structure method, which comprise a pressure-resistant shell subsystem and an internal pressurization control subsystem, and are characterized in that the pressure-resistant shell subsystem is of a multi-layer structure from outside to inside and respectively comprises an outer heat-insulating layer, a metal internal pressurization structure and an inner heat-insulating layer; the system applies pressure to seawater media in cavities between the layers of the structures progressively and progressively by layers, is assisted by temperature regulation of the seawater media, combines the strength of the shell of each layer of the structure, gradually offsets the external pressure of the structure, finally enables personnel and equipment cabins in the structure to reach the normal pressure level, and enables personnel and equipment in the cabins to work normally and the equipment to operate normally. The structural system can reduce the material consumption of a pressure-resistant shell of an underwater vehicle or similar equipment, reduce the total weight of the equipment, reduce the mechanical property index required by the shell, effectively improve the working depth of the underwater equipment, particularly deep sea equipment, and has important significance for future deep and open sea exploration and development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater pressure-resistant structure systems, and particularly relates to a layer-by-layer progressively-decreasing internal pressurization deepwater pressure-resistant structure system and a layer-by-layer progressively-decreasing internal pressurization deepwater pressure-resistant structure method.
Background
The ocean breeds resources with rich varieties and huge reserves, including biological resources such as animals, plants and the like; renewable energy sources such as tidal energy, wave energy and temperature difference energy; mineral resources such as oil gas, combustible ice, manganese nodule, hydrothermal deposits and the like; and space resources such as offshore living areas, offshore airports, submarine military bases and the like are important guarantees for sustainable development of human society. The development of aerospace industry has become mature, and it is not difficult for people to walk into space for a long time, however, few countries in the world can swim to the deep ocean, and people have a large development space for exploration and development of the ocean. In the last two decades, a hot tide for exploring and developing oceans has been raised in the world, which directly promotes the great development of science and technology in the oceans field in China, and thus, the demand of people on omnibearing, multidimensional and high-timeliness ocean information products is driven. The underwater vehicle is one of important equipment for human beings to carry out ocean exploration activities, is widely applied to the aspects of ocean exploration, deep sea salvage, underwater emergency rescue and deep sea scientific research at present, and in recent years, the pace of human development and ocean utilization is increasingly accelerated along with the increasing exhaustion of land resources, and under the condition, the research and application of the underwater vehicle are also more and more valued by people.
The underwater vehicle system is complex in structure, needs to carry a plurality of instruments and equipment, and a pressure-resistant structure of the underwater vehicle system forms a closed space, so that a normal-pressure working environment is provided for operating personnel, the instruments and the equipment on the underwater vehicle, and a guarantee is provided for the underwater vehicle to safely and smoothly complete underwater operation. With the deep development and research of oceans, the submergence depth of the submersible vehicle is continuously increased, in the aspect of the submergence depth, the domestic 'flood dragon' submersible vehicle successfully completes 7000-meter sea test, and the research and development of the underwater submersible vehicle with the submergence depth of 12000 meters are gradually developed abroad. In a deep water environment, a submersible pressure-resistant structure needs to bear huge hydrostatic pressure, and the hydrostatic pressure borne by the submersible is correspondingly increased along with the increase of the depth (the pressure is increased by 1MPa every time the water depth is increased by 100 m), so that the pressure-bearing capacity of the submersible pressure-resistant structure is higher and higher, the safety of the structure needs to be improved by increasing the wall thickness of a shell of the submersible pressure-resistant structure, and the like, but the requirement is contradictory to the development trend of light weight of the submersible. On the premise of ensuring that the pressure-resistant structure of the submersible has high-pressure resistance in deep water, the weight is not increased too much, and the pressure-resistant structure gradually becomes one of new development directions in the field of design of the submersible.
The pressure-resistant structure is developed along with the development of underwater vehicles for many years from a traditional spherical shell, a cylindrical shell and a oblate spherical shell to a plurality of new structural forms such as a modern lotus node type shell (a multi-sphere intertwisted shell), a multi-plane cylindrical shell, a bionic eggshell and the like. The design of various novel pressure-resistant structures is not carried out in the direction of the deep water high-pressure resistance of the shell material and structure, the pressure-resistant mechanism is single, and the lightweight pressure-resistant structure has some improved spaces in pressure resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, through research and development design, the inventor provides a layer-by-layer progressively-decreased internal pressurization deepwater pressure-resistant structure system, and specifically, the invention is realized as follows:
a deepwater pressure-resistant structure system with gradually decreased internal pressurization layer by layer comprises a pressure-resistant shell subsystem and an internal pressurization control subsystem, wherein the pressure-resistant shell subsystem is of a multi-layer structure from outside to inside and comprises an outer heat-insulating layer, a metal internal pressurization structure and an inner heat-insulating layer respectively; wherein: the metallic internal pressurization structure includes: divide into the multilayer level shell structure that a plurality of layers of shells distribute to be from outside to inside, form the intraformational pressure boost chamber that the cavity does not communicate each other between the level, be full of the sea water medium in the intraformational pressure boost chamber, inside pressure boost control subsystem includes: interior pressure boost control host computer, interior pressure boost chamber advance/drainage control module and temperature regulation module, interior pressure boost chamber advances/drainage control module includes: the water inlet/discharge mechanism is positioned in the pressurizing cavity in each layer, and the pressurizing cavity in each layer is communicated with external seawater in a controllable on-off manner through the water inlet/discharge mechanism; the temperature adjustment module includes: the temperature regulators uniformly distributed on each layer of shell structure can receive signals sent by the internal pressurization control host machine through signal lines to heat or refrigerate the seawater in the pressurization cavities in each layer.
Furthermore, the multi-level shell structure is made of seawater corrosion resistant metal materials, equidistant gaps are formed between the sub-shells of adjacent levels, the gaps between the adjacent sub-shells are fixedly separated through a plurality of interlayer reinforcing connecting plates to form cavities, the cavities in each layer are communicated and isobaric, the cavities in different layers are sealed and not communicated, the outermost layer of the shell is tightly wrapped by the outer heat insulation layer without gaps, and the innermost layer of the shell tightly wraps the inner heat insulation layer without gaps.
Furthermore, the internal pressurization control subsystem also comprises a plurality of water pressure sensors, and the water pressure sensors are distributed on the surface of the outer heat insulation layer and interlayer reinforcing connecting plates of each level; the measured value can be transmitted and collected to the internal pressurization control host machine through a signal wire.
Further, the water inlet/outlet mechanism includes: the high-pressure resistant water pipes are provided with the high-pressure electromagnetic valves, and can receive opening and closing signals sent by the inner pressurization control host machine through signal lines to control the on-off of the outer seawater and the inner pressurization cavity.
On the other hand, the invention provides a deepwater pressure-resistant method with gradually decreased internal pressurization layer by layer, which is divided into a multi-layer shell structure formed by distributing a plurality of layers of shells from outside to inside, an internal pressurization cavity with cavities not communicated with each other is formed among layers, the internal pressurization cavity is filled with seawater medium,
the water pipes are provided with the high-pressure electromagnetic valves, and can receive opening and closing signals sent by the inner pressurization control host machine through signal lines to control the on-off of the outer seawater and the inner pressurization cavity, so that the pressure in each level of cavity can be adjusted step by step.
Further, the electromagnetic valves are controlled to open and close to adjust the pressure of the pressurizing cavities in each layer after the measurement values of the water pressure sensors in each part are calculated, so that: when the external seawater pressure PW is gradually increased, the internal pressurization control host machine controls the external seawater to be pressed into pressurization cavities in each layer, so that the pressure P1, P2 … Pn and PW in each layer from the outer layer to the inner layer meet the requirement that when the external pressure PW is gradually reduced, the internal pressurization control host machine controls high-pressure solenoid valves on high-pressure-resistant water pipes connected with the pressurization cavities in each layer to be opened one by one from outside to inside, and the pressure in the cavities is released layer by layer;
furthermore, the method also comprises the step of accelerating the change of the pressure in the cavity by heating or refrigerating the seawater medium in the pressurizing cavity in each layer; when the pressure change requirement can not be met only by the water inlet/outlet control module of the inner pressurization cavity, the pressure change can meet the requirement under the assistance of the temperature adjusting function module.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the pressure-resistant shell is designed into a multilayer structure, pressure is gradually applied to seawater media in interlayer cavities of each structure layer by layer, the temperature of the seawater media is adjusted, the external pressure of the structure is gradually offset from the outer layer to the inner layer by combining the strength of the shell of each layer of structure, and finally the personnel and equipment cabins in the structure reach the normal pressure level, the personnel in the cabins work normally, and the equipment runs normally. The structural system can reduce the material consumption of the shell of the device, reduce the total weight of the device, reduce the mechanical property index required by the shell, effectively improve the working depth of underwater devices (particularly deep sea devices), and has important significance for future deep and open sea exploration and development career. The invention can reduce the material consumption of the pressure-resistant shell of the underwater vehicle or similar equipment, reduce the total weight of the equipment, reduce the mechanical property index required by the shell, effectively improve the working depth of the underwater equipment (especially deep sea equipment), and has important significance for the future deep and open sea exploration and development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural composition diagram of a pressure shell structural subsystem.
Wherein: the device comprises an outer heat insulation layer 1, a first layer inner supercharging cavity 2, a second layer inner supercharging cavity 3, an inner supercharging structure 4, a water pressure sensor 5, a 6 inner supercharging control host, a 7 high pressure resistant water pipe, an 8 water inlet/outlet, a 9-layer reinforced connecting plate, a 10 high pressure electromagnetic valve, a 11 temperature regulator and a 12 inner heat insulation layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a layer-by-layer progressively-decreased internal pressurization deepwater pressure-resistant structure system which comprises a pressure-resistant shell structure subsystem and 2 subsystems of an internal pressurization control subsystem.
The pressure-resistant shell structure subsystem comprises an outer heat insulation layer, a metal inner pressurization structure and an inner heat insulation layer from the outside to the inside of the structure, wherein the inner heat insulation layer is a personnel equipment cabin. The outer heat insulation layer and the inner heat insulation layer are made of the same material, have good heat insulation performance, and can ensure that natural seawater outside the structure and air in the personnel equipment cabin are hardly influenced by temperature change of the metal inner pressurization structure; the metallic internal pressurizing structure material is a seawater corrosion resistant metallic material with physical parameters meeting the requirements of actual working conditions, and is divided into a plurality of layers of shells from outside to inside, equidistant gaps are formed between adjacent shells, the adjacent shells are fixedly separated by reinforcing connecting plates between the inner layers of the gaps to form cavities, the cavities in each layer are communicated with each other and have equal pressure, the cavities in different layers are not communicated in a sealing way, seawater media are filled in the cavities, the shell at the outermost layer is tightly wrapped by the outer heat-insulating layer without gaps, and the shell at the innermost layer tightly wraps the inner heat-insulating layer without gaps.
The internal pressurization control subsystem comprises 2 functional modules for controlling water inlet/outlet of the internal pressurization cavity and regulating temperature, and consists of an internal pressurization control host, a plurality of water pressure sensors, a plurality of high-pressure-resistant water pipes, a corresponding high-pressure electromagnetic valve, a water inlet/outlet, a plurality of temperature regulators, a signal line and other components, as shown in figure 1, wherein the internal pressurization control host is fixedly arranged in a personnel equipment cabin; the water pressure sensors are distributed on the surface of the outer heat insulation layer and the reinforced connecting plate among the layers, and measured values can be transmitted and collected to the inner pressurization control host through signal wires; one end of each high-pressure resistant water pipe is communicated with the external seawater through a water inlet/outlet, the other end of each high-pressure resistant water pipe is communicated with one layer of inner pressurizing cavity of the structure through the water inlet/outlet, and the water pipe is provided with a high-pressure electromagnetic valve which can receive an opening and closing signal sent by an inner pressurizing control host machine through a signal wire to control the connection and disconnection of the external seawater and the inner pressurizing cavity; the temperature regulators are uniformly distributed on each layer of shell structure, and can receive signals sent by the internal pressurization control host machine through signal lines to heat or refrigerate the seawater in the pressurization cavities in each layer;
the water inlet/outlet control function module of the inner pressurizing cavity has the functions as follows: the internal pressurization control host machine controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valves to adjust the pressure of the internal pressurization cavities of each layer after calculating according to the measured values of the water pressure sensors of each part. In the submergence process of the structural system, the external seawater pressure PW is gradually increased, the internal pressurization control host controls the external seawater to be pressed into the pressurization cavities in each layer, and the pressure (subscript in the sequence from outer layer to inner layer) P in each layer cavity is enabled to be1、P2…PnAnd PWSatisfies the relationship shown as formula (1); in the floating process of the structural system, the external pressure PW is gradually reduced, the internal pressurization control host machine controls the electromagnetic valves on the high-pressure-resistant water pipes connected with the pressurization cavities in each layer to be opened one by one from outside to inside, the pressure in the cavities is released layer by layer, and the pressure in each layer of cavities meets the relation shown in the formula (2) in the pressure releasing process. Wherein, PcrWThe compressive strength of the outermost shell; pcr1～PcrnThe compression strength of the 1 st to nth internal pressurizing layers adjacent to the shell inwards; pNFor cabin pressure of personnel or equipment, PNThe value is typically close to atmospheric pressure; sigma is a safety factor, sigma>1；
The temperature regulation function module has the functions of: the internal pressurization control host machine accelerates the change of the pressure in the cavity by heating or refrigerating the seawater medium in the pressurization cavity of each layer; when the pressure change requirement cannot be met only through the water inlet/outlet control module of the inner pressurization cavity, the pressure change can meet the requirement under the assistance of the temperature adjusting function module; under extreme conditions, the temperature regulator can heat the seawater to the boiling point temperature under the actual working condition, so that the seawater is vaporized and is further pressurized.
The present invention is capable of other embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A deepwater pressure-resistant structure system with gradually decreased internal pressurization layer by layer comprises a pressure-resistant shell subsystem and an internal pressurization control subsystem, and is characterized in that the pressure-resistant shell subsystem is of a multi-layer structure from outside to inside and comprises an outer heat-insulating layer, a metal internal pressurization structure and an inner heat-insulating layer respectively;
wherein: the metallic internal pressurization structure includes: the multi-layer shell structure is divided into a plurality of layers of shells distributed from outside to inside, an inner-layer pressurizing cavity with cavities not communicated with each other is formed among the layers, the inner-layer pressurizing cavity is filled with seawater medium,
the internal boost control subsystem includes: interior pressure boost control host computer, interior pressure boost chamber advance/drainage control module and temperature regulation module, interior pressure boost chamber advances/drainage control module includes: the water inlet/discharge mechanism is positioned in the pressurizing cavity in each layer, and the pressurizing cavity in each layer is communicated with external seawater in a controllable on-off manner through the water inlet/discharge mechanism; the temperature adjustment module includes: the temperature regulators uniformly distributed on each layer of shell structure can receive signals sent by the internal pressurization control host machine through signal lines to heat or refrigerate the seawater in the pressurization cavities in each layer.
2. The deep water pressure-resistant structure system according to claim 1, wherein the multi-layer shell structure is made of seawater corrosion-resistant metal materials, equidistant gaps are formed between the subshells of adjacent layers, the gaps between the adjacent subshells are fixedly separated through a plurality of interlayer reinforcing connecting plates to form cavities, the cavities in each layer are communicated with each other at equal pressure, the cavities in different layers are sealed and not communicated, the outermost layer of the shell is tightly wrapped by the outer heat-insulating layer without gaps, and the innermost layer of the shell tightly wraps the inner heat-insulating layer without gaps.
3. The deepwater pressure withstanding structure system of claim 2, wherein the internal pressurization control subsystem further comprises a plurality of water pressure sensors distributed on the surface of the outer insulation layer and the interlayer reinforcing connection plates of each level; the measured value can be transmitted and collected to the internal pressurization control host machine through a signal wire.
4. The deep water pressure-resistant structure system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water inlet/outlet mechanism comprises: the high-pressure resistant water pipes are provided with the high-pressure electromagnetic valves, and can receive opening and closing signals sent by the inner pressurization control host machine through signal lines to control the on-off of the outer seawater and the inner pressurization cavity.
5. The deep water pressure-resistant structure system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the internal pressurization control host is configured to control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve to adjust the pressure in the internal pressurization cavities of each layer after calculating the measurement value of the water pressure sensor at each position, so that:
when the external seawater pressure PW is gradually increased, the internal pressurization control host machine controls the external seawater to be pressed into pressurization cavities in each layer, so that the pressure P1, P2 … Pn and PW in each layer from the outer layer to the inner layer meet the following requirements:
when the external pressure PW is gradually reduced, the internal pressurization control host machine controls the high-voltage solenoid valves on the high-pressure water pipes connected with the pressurization cavities in each layer from outside to inside to be opened one by one, the pressure in the cavities is released layer by layer, and the pressure in each layer of cavities meets the following requirements in the pressure release process:
wherein, PcrWThe compressive strength of the outermost shell; pcr1～PcrnThe 1 st to the nth inner pressurizing layers are adjacent to the shell inwardsCompressive strength of the body; pNFor cabin pressure of personnel or equipment, PNThe value is typically close to atmospheric pressure; sigma is a safety factor, sigma>1。
6. The deepwater pressure-resistant structure system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the internal pressurization control host is further used for: the pressure change in the cavity is accelerated by heating or refrigerating the seawater medium in the pressurizing cavity in each layer; when the pressure change requirement can not be met only by the water inlet/outlet control module of the inner pressurization cavity, the pressure change can meet the requirement under the assistance of the temperature adjusting function module.
7. A deep water pressure-resistant method with gradual decrease and internal pressurization layer by layer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the multi-layer shell structure is divided into a plurality of layers of shells distributed from outside to inside, an inner-layer pressurizing cavity with cavities not communicated with each other is formed among the layers, the inner-layer pressurizing cavity is filled with seawater medium,
the water pipes are provided with the high-pressure electromagnetic valves, and can receive opening and closing signals sent by the inner pressurization control host machine through signal lines to control the on-off of the outer seawater and the inner pressurization cavity, so that the pressure in each level of cavity can be adjusted step by step.
8. The deep water pressure withstanding method according to claim 7, further comprising: according to the water pressure sensor measured value of each position, the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve are controlled to adjust the pressure of the pressurizing cavity in each layer, so that:
when the external seawater pressure PW is gradually increased, the internal pressurization control host machine controls the external seawater to be pressed into pressurization cavities in each layer, so that the pressure P1, P2 … Pn and PW in each layer from the outer layer to the inner layer meet the following requirements:
when the external pressure PW is gradually reduced, the internal pressurization control host machine controls the high-voltage solenoid valves on the high-pressure water pipes connected with the pressurization cavities in each layer from outside to inside to be opened one by one, the pressure in the cavities is released layer by layer, and the pressure in each layer of cavities meets the following requirements in the pressure release process:
wherein, PcrWThe compressive strength of the outermost shell; pcr1～PcrnThe compression strength of the 1 st to nth internal pressurizing layers adjacent to the shell inwards; pNFor cabin pressure of personnel or equipment, PNThe value is typically close to atmospheric pressure; sigma is a safety factor, sigma>1。
9. The deep water pressure-resistant method according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising accelerating the change of the pressure in the chambers by heating or cooling the seawater medium in the booster chambers in each layer; when the pressure change requirement can not be met only by the water inlet/outlet control module of the inner pressurization cavity, the pressure change can meet the requirement under the assistance of the temperature adjusting function module.
10. The deep water pressure withstanding method of claim 7 wherein the multi-stage shell structure is made of a seawater corrosion resistant metallic material.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115432151A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-12-06 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Pressurizing type layered composite material shell for deep sea and using method thereof |
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