CN112572126A - 混合动力驱动装置及车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力驱动装置及车辆 Download PDF

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CN112572126A
CN112572126A CN201910934637.0A CN201910934637A CN112572126A CN 112572126 A CN112572126 A CN 112572126A CN 201910934637 A CN201910934637 A CN 201910934637A CN 112572126 A CN112572126 A CN 112572126A
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gear
brake
engine
generator
mode
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尚阳
杨勇
祖国强
苏倩汝
董泽庆
郭俊
郑峰
陈志峰
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GAC Aion New Energy Automobile Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

Abstract

本发明混合动力驱动装置及车辆，包括发动机、发电机、驱动电机、行星齿轮机构、第一制动器、第二制动器、中间轴和超越离合器，发动机的输出轴与行星架相连；发电机的输出轴与太阳轮相连，发电机的输出轴还与第二制动器相连；齿圈通过超越离合器与中间轴相连，齿圈还与第一制动器相连；驱动电机与中间轴相连；中间轴输出动力至车轮。能够实现多种驱动模式，获得更高的传动效率，通过超越离合器连接齿圈和中间轴，能够实现发动机与车轮解耦，避免驱动电机驱动车轮转动时齿圈和行星轮随动，从而避免e‑CVT模式和单电机纯电动模式下的最高车速受行星轮极限转速的限制，避免了THS式启动发动机，能及时发挥最大功率输出和最大制动能量回收。

Description

混合动力驱动装置及车辆
技术领域
本发明属于车辆领域，特别是涉及混合动力驱动装置及车辆。
背景技术
动力系统包括发动机(内燃机)和一个由变速器、差速器和传动轴组成的传动系统；它的作用是向车辆提供驱动轮所需的驱动动力。内燃机有一定的速度和扭矩范围，并在其中很小的范围内达到最佳的工作状态，这时或是油耗最小，或是有害排放最低，或是俩者皆然。然而，实际路况千变万化，不但表现在驱动轮的速度上，同时还表现在驱动轮所要求的扭矩。因此，实现内燃机的转速和扭矩最优，即动力最优状态，与驱动轮动力状态之匹配好，是变速器的首要任务。
目前市场上的变速器主要有有级变速器和无级变速器两大类。有级变速器又细分为手动和自动两种。它们大多通过齿轮系或行星轮系不同的啮合排列来提供有限个离散的输出输入速比。两相邻速比之间驱动轮速度的调节则依靠内燃机的速度变化来实现。无级变速器，无论是机械式，液压式，或机一电式的，都能在一定速度范围内提供无限个连续可选用的速比，理论上说，驱动轮的速度变化完全可通过变速器来完成。这样，内燃机可以尽可能的工作在最佳速度范围内。同时无级变速器和有级变速器相比，具有调速平稳，能充分利用内燃机最大功率等诸多优点，因此，无级变速器多年来一直是各国工程师们研究的对象。
近年来，电机混合动力技术的诞生为实现内燃机与动力轮之间动力的完全匹配开拓了新的途径。在众多的动力总成设计案中，最具代表性的有串联混合系统和并联混合系统两种。电机串联混合系统中，内燃机一发电机一电动机一轴系一驱动轮组成一条串联的动力链，动力总成结构极为简单。其中，发电机一电动机组合可视为传统意义下的变速器。当与储能器，如电池，电容等联合使用时，该变速器又可作为能量调节装置，完成对速度和扭矩的独立调节。
电机并联系统有两条并行的独立的动力链。一条由传统的机械变速器组成，另一条由电机一电池系统组成。机械变速器负责完成对速度的调节，而电机一电池系统则完成对功率或扭矩的调节。为充分发挥整个系统的潜能，机械变速器还需采用无级变速方式。
串联混合系统的优点在于结构简单，布局灵活。但由于全部动力通过发电机和电动机，因此电机的功率要求高，体积大，重量重。同时，由于能量传输过程经过两次机一电，电一机的转换，整个系统的效率较低。在并联混合系统中，只有部分动力通过电机系统，因此，对电机的功率要求相对较低。整体系统的效率高。然而，此系统需两套独立的子系统，造价高。通常只用于弱混合系统。
现有方案中，发动机通过行星齿轮机构和轴齿机构连接至轮端，造成启动发动机控制难度大，单电机纯电动模式运行时车轮的最高转速受行星轮极限转速限制，不能及时发挥最大功率输出和最大制动能量回收。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：针对现有方案动力耦合系统动力性不足的问题，提供一种混合动力驱动装置及车辆。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供了一种混合动力驱动装置，包括发动机、发电机、驱动电机、行星齿轮机构、第一制动器、第二制动器、中间轴和超越离合器，所述行星齿轮机构包括太阳轮、行星轮、行星架和齿圈；
所述发动机的输出轴与所述行星架相连；
所述发电机的输出轴与所述太阳轮相连，所述发电机的输出轴还与所述第二制动器相连；
所述齿圈通过超越离合器与所述中间轴相连，所述齿圈还与所述第一制动器相连；
所述驱动电机与所述中间轴相连；
所述中间轴输出动力至车轮。
可选地，所述混合动力驱动装置具有单电机纯电动模式、串联驱动模式、e-CVT模式及发动机直驱模式；
所述第一制动器断开，所述第二制动器断开，所述超越离合器断开，所述发动机不工作，所述发电机不工作，所述驱动电机驱动，以建立所述单电机纯电动模式；
所述第一制动器结合，所述第二制动器断开，所述超越离合器断开，所述发动机驱动，所述发电机发电，所述驱动电机驱动，以建立所述串联驱动模式；
所述第一制动器断开，所述第二制动器断开，所述超越离合器结合，所述发动机驱动，所述发电机发电，所述驱动电机驱动，以建立所述e-CVT模式；
所述第一制动器断开，所述第二制动器结合，所述超越离合器结合，所述发动机驱动，所述发电机不工作，所述驱动电机驱动，以建立所述发动机直驱模式。
可选地，所述混合动力驱动装置具有能量回收模式及驻车发电模式；
所述第一制动器不工作，所述第二制动器不工作，所述超越离合器断开，所述发动机不工作，所述发电机不工作，所述驱动电机发电，以建立所述能量回收模式；
所述第一制动器结合，所述第二制动器断开，所述超越离合器断开，所述发动机驱动，所述发电机发电，所述驱动电机不工作，以建立所述驻车发电模式。
可选地，所述超越离合器通过第一减速齿轮副连接于所述中间轴；
所述驱动电机通过第二减速齿轮副连接于所述中间轴。
可选地，所述第一减速齿轮副包括第一齿轮以及与所述第一齿轮啮合的第二齿轮，所述第一齿轮空套于所述发动机的输出轴上，所述第二齿轮固设于所述中间轴上。
可选地，所述第二减速齿轮副包括第三齿轮和所述第二齿轮，所述第三齿轮空套于所述驱动电机的输出轴上。
可选地，还包括主减速齿轮副，所述主减速齿轮副包括第四齿轮和用于连接差速器的第五齿轮；
所述第四齿轮设于所述中间轴上并与所述第二齿轮间隔设置，所述第四齿轮与所述第五齿轮啮合。
可选地，所述发动机的输出轴与所述发电机的输出轴同轴布置；
所述发电机的输出轴的一端与所述太阳轮相连，另一端与所述第二制动器相连。
本发明实施例还提供了一种车辆，包括控制器、连接于所述控制器的电池和前述混合动力驱动装置，所述发动机、所述发电机和所述驱动电机连接于所述控制器并受所述控制器控制。
本发明实施例提供的混合动力驱动装置及车辆，通过切换第一制动器及第二制动器的工作状态(结合或断开)及发动机、发电机和驱动电机是否输出动力，能够实现单电机纯电动模式、串联驱动模式、e-CVT模式、发动机直驱模式、制动能量回收模式和驱车发电模式等多种驱动模式，获得更高的传动效率，提高车辆经济性；发动机通过行星齿轮机构连接，速比可调，速比范围大，行星齿轮机构既实现发动机驱动车轮时的减速，又实现发动机驱动发电机发电时的增速，有利于减小发电机的体积，结构简单、紧凑，减少了零件数量，有利于减小系统负载，提高整车的动力性能，有利于减小体积；在切换驱动模式时，驱动电机始终参与驱动，避免动力中断；超越离合器无需控制，通过超越离合器连接齿圈和中间轴，能够实现发动机与车轮解耦，避免驱动电机驱动车轮转动时齿圈和行星轮随动，从而避免e-CVT 模式和单电机纯电动模式下的最高车速受行星轮极限转速的限制，避免了THS式启动发动机，易于控制发动机启动，能及时发挥最大功率输出和最大制动能量回收。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的混合动力驱动装置的结构简图；
图2为图1所示混合动力驱动装置在单电机纯电动模式下的动力传递路线图；
图3为图1所示混合动力驱动装置在串联驱动模式下的动力传递路线图；
图4为图1所示混合动力驱动装置在e-CVT模式下的动力传递路线图；
图5为图1所示混合动力驱动装置在发动机直驱模式下的动力传递路线图；
说明书附图中的附图标记如下：
1、发动机；2、发电机；3、驱动电机；
41、太阳轮；42、行星轮；43、行星架；44、齿圈；
5、第一制动器；6、第二制动器；7、超越离合器；
8、中间轴；
9、第一齿轮；10、第二齿轮；11、第三齿轮；12、第四齿轮；13、第五齿轮；
14、电池。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的混合动力驱动装置，包括发动机1、发电机2、驱动电机3、行星齿轮机构、第一制动器5、第二制动器6、中间轴8和超越离合器7；
行星齿轮机构包括太阳轮41、行星轮42、行星架43和齿圈44；
发动机1的输出轴与行星架43相连；
发电机2的输出轴与太阳轮41相连，发电机2的输出轴还与第二制动器6相连；
齿圈44通过超越离合器7与中间轴8相连，齿圈44还与第一制动器5相连；
驱动电机3与中间轴8相连；
中间轴8输出动力至车轮。
本发明实施例提供的混合动力驱动装置，通过切换第一制动器5及第二制动器6的工作状态(结合或断开)及发动机1、发电机2和驱动电机3是否输出动力，能够实现单电机纯电动模式、串联驱动模式、e-CVT模式、发动机直驱模式、制动能量回收模式和驱车发电模式等多种驱动模式，获得更高的传动效率，提高车辆经济性；发动机1通过行星齿轮机构连接，速比可调，速比范围大，行星齿轮机构既实现发动机1驱动车轮时的减速，又实现发动机1驱动发电机2发电时的增速，有利于减小发电机2的体积，结构简单、紧凑，减少了零件数量，有利于减小系统负载，提高整车的动力性能，有利于减小体积；在切换驱动模式时，驱动电机3始终参与驱动，避免动力中断；超越离合器利用主动件和从动件的转速变化或回转方向变换而自动结合和断开，无需单独控制，通过超越离合器7连接齿圈44和中间轴8，能够实现发动机1与车轮解耦，避免驱动电机3驱动车轮转动时齿圈44和行星轮42随动，从而避免e-CVT模式和单电机纯电动模式下的最高车速受行星轮极限转速的限制，避免了THS 式启动发动机，易于控制发动机启动，能及时发挥最大功率输出和最大制动能量回收。
该混合动力驱动装置适用于HEV车型和PHEV车型。
其中，发电机2，可用于发电和启动发动机1，若发电机2不发电，且发动机1驱动时，发电机2启动发动机1后停止工作；若发电机2发电，且发动机1驱动时，发电机2启动发动机1后保持工作状态。
在一实施例中，如图1所示，超越离合器7通过第一减速齿轮副连接于中间轴8，便于实现超越离合器7与中间轴8的连接，行星齿轮机构与第一减速齿轮副实现多级减速，实现更好的动力匹配。
具体地，第一减速齿轮副包括第一齿轮9以及与第一齿轮9啮合的第二齿轮10，第一齿轮9空套于发动机1的输出轴上，第二齿轮10固设于中间轴8上，通过设置第二齿轮10与第一齿轮9的速比小于1实现减速传递扭矩，结构简单、紧凑，有利于减小系统负载，保证了传动的平稳性。
驱动电机3通过第二减速齿轮副连接于中间轴8。
在一实施例中，如图1所示，驱动电机3通过第二减速齿轮副连接于中间轴8，实现更好的动力匹配。
优选地，第二减速齿轮副包括第三齿轮11和第二齿轮10，第三齿轮11空套于驱动电机 3的输出轴上，通过设置第二齿轮10与第三齿轮11的速比小于1实现减速传递扭矩，结构简单、紧凑，有利于减小系统负载，保证了传动的平稳性。第一减速齿轮副和第二减速齿轮副共用第二齿轮10，有利于简化结构和减小负载。
此外，如图1所示，混合动力驱动装置还包括差速器，中间轴8连接于差速器，差速器驱动车轮。
优选地，如图1所示，混合动力驱动装置还包括主减速齿轮副，中间轴8通过主减速齿轮副减速连接于差速器。驱动电机3能够通过第二减速齿轮副和主减速齿轮副实现两级减速，发动机1能够通过行星齿轮机构、第一减速齿轮副和主减速齿轮副实现三级减速，从而更好地匹配动力。主减速齿轮副具体可包括第四齿轮12和用于连接差速器的第五齿轮13；第四齿轮12设于中间轴8上并与第二齿轮10间隔设置，第四齿轮12与第五齿轮13啮合，通过设置第五齿轮13与第四齿轮12的速比小于1实现减速传递扭矩。
在一实施例中，如图1所示，发动机1的输出轴与发电机2的输出轴同轴布置；发电机 2的输出轴的一端与太阳轮41相连，另一端与第二制动器6相连。结构简单、紧凑，有利于减少系统负载以及增加结构稳定性和传动平稳性。
以下对涉及制动器(泛指第一制动器5、第二制动器6)的优选实施例进行说明：
混合动力驱动装置具有单电机纯电动模式、串联驱动模式、e-CVT模式、发动机直驱模式、能量回收模式及驻车发电模式等多种工作模式；
其中，前述工作模式以表1进行体现。
表1
Figure BDA0002221230990000061
以上各模式，结合表1及图1至图5说明混合动力驱动装置的动力传递路线如下；
(1)单电机纯电动模式
第一制动器5断开，第二制动器6断开，超越离合器7断开，发动机1不工作，发电机2不工作，驱动电机3驱动，以建立单电机纯电动模式；
具体地，如图1和图2所示，该驱动模式下的动力传递路线为：驱动电机3－〉第三齿轮11－〉第二齿轮10－〉中间轴8－〉第四齿轮12－〉第五齿轮13－〉差速器－〉车轮。
当动力电池14电量充足时，整车可以以单电机纯电动模式运行，驱动电机3驱动车轮，此时，超越离合器7不传递力矩，避免车轮转动时动力反向转递至行星轮42，从而消除行星轮42转速对单电机纯电动模式下的最高车速的限制。
(2)串联驱动模式
第一制动器5结合，第二制动器6断开，超越离合器7断开，发动机1驱动，发电机2发电，驱动电机3驱动，以建立串联驱动模式；
具体地，如图1和图3所示，该驱动模式下的动力传递路线1为：发动机1－〉行星架43－〉行星轮42－〉太阳轮41－〉发电机2－〉驱动电机3；
动力传递路线2为：驱动电机3－〉第三齿轮11－〉第二齿轮10－〉中间轴8－〉第四齿轮12－〉第五齿轮13－〉差速器－〉车轮。
发电机2启动发动机1，发动机1驱动发电机2发电，并将电力输送给驱动电机3，富余电力存储在电池14中，驱动电机3驱动车轮。
(3)e-CVT模式
第一制动器5断开，第二制动器6断开，超越离合器7结合，发动机1驱动，发电机2发电，驱动电机3驱动，以建立e-CVT模式；
具体地，如图1和图4所示，该驱动模式下的动力传递路线1为：发动机1－〉行星架43－〉行星轮42－〉太阳轮41－〉发电机2；
动力传递路线2为：发动机1－〉行星架43－〉行星轮42－〉齿圈44－〉超越离合器7－〉第一齿轮9－〉第二齿轮10－〉中间轴8－〉第四齿轮12－〉第五齿轮13－〉差速器－〉车轮；
动力传递路线3为：驱动电机3－〉第三齿轮11－〉第二齿轮10－〉中间轴8－〉第四齿轮12－〉第五齿轮13－〉差速器－〉车轮。
发动机1的部分动力经行星齿轮机构、超越离合器7、第一齿轮9和第二齿轮10传递至中间轴8，驱动电机3的动力经第三齿轮11和第二齿轮10传递至中间轴8，实现发动机1和驱动电机3的转速耦合，再经第四齿轮12、第五齿轮13和差速器传递至车轮，发动机1的另一部分动力驱动发电机2发电，实现e-CVT模式下，发动机1和驱动电机3共同驱动车轮，同时发动机1驱动发电机2发电并存储于电池14中。
(4)发动机直驱模式
第一制动器5断开，第二制动器6结合，超越离合器7结合，发动机1驱动，发电机2不工作，驱动电机3驱动，以建立发动机直驱模式；
具体地，如图1和图5所示，该驱动模式下的动力传递路线为：发动机1－〉行星架43－〉行星轮42－〉齿圈44－〉超越离合器7－〉第一齿轮9－〉第二齿轮10－〉中间轴8－〉第四齿轮12－〉第五齿轮13－〉差速器－〉车轮。
(5)能量回收模式
第一制动器5不工作，第二制动器6不工作，超越离合器7断开，发动机1不工作，发电机2不工作，驱动电机3发电，以建立能量回收模式；
当车辆制动时，驱动电机3产生制动力矩制动车轮，同时驱动电机3的绕组中将产生感应电流向电池14充电，实现制动能量的回收。
(6)驻车发电模式
第一制动器5结合，第二制动器6断开，超越离合器7断开，发动机1驱动发电机2发电，驱动电机3不工作，以建立驻车发电模式；
超越离合器7不传递力矩，发动机1的全部动力用于驱动发电机2发电。
本发明实施例还提供了一种车辆，包括控制器和连接于控制器的电池14，还包括前述任一实施例述及的混合动力驱动装置，发动机1、发电机2和驱动电机3连接于控制器并受控制器控制。
采用前述混合动力驱动装置，发动机1能驱动发电机2为电池14发电，电池14能够为驱动电机3提供驱动车轮的动力，发动机1能够直接驱动车轮，切换第一制动器5的工作状态及第二制动器6的工作状态，及控制发动机1、发电机2和驱动电机3的工作状态，能实现多种驱动模式，获得更高的传动效率；通过电池14有效的补充车轮所需的驱动动力从而更合理地调配内燃机的动力，保持内燃机的工作状态不受或少受路况的影响，内燃机可始终工作在设定的最佳状态，以提高整车的效率；同时，还可回收制动时的动能，返送回储能器中。这些举措大幅提高了整车的燃油效率，适用于HEV车型和PHEV车型，平台化好。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种混合动力驱动装置，包括发动机、发电机、驱动电机、行星齿轮机构、第一制动器、第二制动器和中间轴，所述行星齿轮机构包括太阳轮、行星轮、行星架和齿圈，其特征在于，还包括超越离合器；
所述发动机的输出轴与所述行星架相连；
所述发电机的输出轴与所述太阳轮相连，所述发电机的输出轴还与所述第二制动器相连；
所述齿圈通过超越离合器与所述中间轴相连，所述齿圈还与所述第一制动器相连；
所述驱动电机与所述中间轴相连；
所述中间轴输出动力至车轮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于，所述混合动力驱动装置具有单电机纯电动模式、串联驱动模式、e-CVT模式及发动机直驱模式；
所述第一制动器断开，所述第二制动器断开，所述超越离合器断开，所述发动机不工作，所述发电机不工作，所述驱动电机驱动，以建立所述单电机纯电动模式；
所述第一制动器结合，所述第二制动器断开，所述超越离合器断开，所述发动机驱动，所述发电机发电，所述驱动电机驱动，以建立所述串联驱动模式；
所述第一制动器断开，所述第二制动器断开，所述超越离合器结合，所述发动机驱动，所述发电机发电，所述驱动电机驱动，以建立所述e-CVT模式；
所述第一制动器断开，所述第二制动器结合，所述超越离合器结合，所述发动机驱动，所述发电机不工作，所述驱动电机驱动，以建立所述发动机直驱模式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于，所述混合动力驱动装置具有能量回收模式及驻车发电模式；
所述第一制动器不工作，所述第二制动器不工作，所述超越离合器断开，所述发动机不工作，所述发电机不工作，所述驱动电机发电，以建立所述能量回收模式；
所述第一制动器结合，所述第二制动器断开，所述超越离合器断开，所述发动机驱动，所述发电机发电，所述驱动电机不工作，以建立所述驻车发电模式。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于，所述超越离合器通过第一减速齿轮副连接于所述中间轴；
所述驱动电机通过第二减速齿轮副连接于所述中间轴。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于，所述第一减速齿轮副包括第一齿轮以及与所述第一齿轮啮合的第二齿轮，所述第一齿轮空套于所述发动机的输出轴上，所述第二齿轮固设于所述中间轴上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于，所述第二减速齿轮副包括第三齿轮和所述第二齿轮，所述第三齿轮空套于所述驱动电机的输出轴上。
7.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于，还包括主减速齿轮副，所述主减速齿轮副包括第四齿轮和用于连接差速器的第五齿轮；
所述第四齿轮设于所述中间轴上并与所述第二齿轮间隔设置，所述第四齿轮与所述第五齿轮啮合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于，所述发动机的输出轴与所述发电机的输出轴同轴布置；
所述发电机的输出轴的一端与所述太阳轮相连，另一端与所述第二制动器相连。
9.一种车辆，包括控制器和连接于所述控制器的电池，其特征在于，还包括权利要求1-8任一项所述的混合动力驱动装置，所述发动机、所述发电机和所述驱动电机连接于所述控制器并受所述控制器控制。
CN201910934637.0A 2019-09-29 2019-09-29 混合动力驱动装置及车辆 Pending CN112572126A (zh)

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