CN112569440B - Dynamic calibration device and method for zero position of flow sensor of anesthesia machine - Google Patents
Dynamic calibration device and method for zero position of flow sensor of anesthesia machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112569440B CN112569440B CN202011418494.7A CN202011418494A CN112569440B CN 112569440 B CN112569440 B CN 112569440B CN 202011418494 A CN202011418494 A CN 202011418494A CN 112569440 B CN112569440 B CN 112569440B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002695 general anesthesia Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/01—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes specially adapted for anaesthetising
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
- A61M16/022—Control means therefor
- A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
- A61M2016/0033—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical
- A61M2016/0036—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the breathing tube and used in both inspiratory and expiratory phase
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/70—General characteristics of the apparatus with testing or calibration facilities
- A61M2205/702—General characteristics of the apparatus with testing or calibration facilities automatically during use
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic calibration device and a dynamic calibration method for zero position of a flow sensor of an anesthesia machine, which can calibrate zero position of an expiration flow sensor during inspiration and zero position of the inspiration flow sensor during expiration, thereby realizing real-time zero calibration without stopping zero calibration during operation of the anesthesia machine; zeroing of the inspiration and expiration flow sensors may be accomplished during one ventilation cycle. The inspiration and expiration are alternately carried out, the zero calibration and the measurement are also alternately carried out, the flow measurement can be immediately used for the next flow measurement after each zero calibration, zero drift can be immediately eliminated even if the zero drift occurs in the use process, and real-time, non-stop and dynamic zero calibration is really achieved; and the zero correction is automatically performed without manual operation, thereby eliminating zero correction errors caused by human factors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an anesthesia machine, in particular to a dynamic calibration device and a dynamic calibration method for a zero position of a flow sensor of the anesthesia machine.
Background
The anesthesia machine is a life support system for the operation room of the hospital to carry out general anesthesia on the operation patient, and has the main functions of respiratory management, oxygen supply and anesthetic inhalation for the patient. The anesthesia machine ventilates a patient at a certain frequency and measures a volume of gas inhaled (hereinafter referred to as an inhalation volume) and a volume of gas discharged (hereinafter referred to as a tidal volume) by the patient. In actual use, inhalation capacity and tidal volume are important clinical parameters.
Both the inhalation volume and the tidal volume are measured by flow sensors. When the patient inhales, the actual measurement value of the inhalation flow sensor is integrated, so that the inhalation capacity is obtained; when the patient exhales, the tidal volume is obtained by integrating the measured value of the exhaled flow sensor. It follows that the accuracy of the inhalation volume and tidal volume is determined by the measurement accuracy of the flow sensor. In general, the flow sensor can reach higher accuracy requirement after calibration, but after a period of use, zero drift of the flow sensor occurs, so that a larger error occurs in the measured moisture flow, zero calibration (hereinafter referred to as zero calibration) is required for the flow sensor, and zero calibration is required when the flow sensor fails to pass flow, so that the original ventilation is stopped. In general, the anesthesia machine can not stop midway after the patient is connected to start ventilation, otherwise, the patient can suffocate. Therefore, the zero calibration of the flow sensor can only be performed in standby, which can only solve the zero drift problem before use, and the zero drift problem cannot be solved if the zero drift occurs due to various factors in actual use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a dynamic calibration device and a dynamic calibration method for the zero position of a flow sensor of an anesthesia machine, which can calibrate zero of an expiration flow sensor during inspiration and zero of the inspiration flow sensor during expiration, so that zero calibration is carried out in real time without stopping zero calibration during operation of the anesthesia machine. Zero calibration can be performed in each breathing cycle, and zero drift in the using process can be overcome. And the zero correction is automatically performed without manual operation, thereby eliminating zero correction errors caused by human factors.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a dynamic calibration device for zero position of a flow sensor of an anesthesia machine comprises an inspiration end corrugated pipe and an expiration end corrugated pipe;
the inspiration end corrugated pipe and the expiration end corrugated pipe are connected and communicated at one end, and a patient breathing port is formed in the joint;
the other end of the air suction end corrugated pipe is connected with an air outlet of the air suction end one-way valve through a first connecting pipeline, an air inlet of the air suction end one-way valve is connected with a patient circuit, and an air suction flow sensor is arranged on the first connecting pipeline;
the other end of the inspiration end corrugated pipe is connected with an air inlet of an expiration end one-way valve through a second connecting pipeline, an air outlet of the expiration end one-way valve is connected with a patient circuit, and an expiration flow sensor is arranged on the second connecting pipeline;
the air suction flow sensor is connected to the singlechip through a first digital-analog converter;
the expiratory flow sensor is connected to the singlechip through a second digital-analog converter.
The invention also provides a dynamic calibration method of the zero position of the flow sensor of the anesthesia machine, which is realized according to the dynamic calibration device of the zero position of the flow sensor of the anesthesia machine, wherein the flow flowing through the flow sensor of expiration is 0 during inspiration; at exhalation, the flow through the inhalation flow sensor is 0; the expiratory flow sensor is zeroed during inspiration and the inspiratory flow sensor is zeroed during expiration.
Furthermore, the zero calibration of the expiratory flow sensor during inspiration is performed, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one, when the anesthesia machine inhales, the signal measured by the expiratory flow sensor is converted into a digital signal through a second digital-analog converter and then transmitted to the singlechip, and the singlechip processes the digital signal to obtain an AD value when the flow of the expiratory flow sensor is zero;
step two, pre-judging the AD value of the expiratory flow sensor obtained in the step one when the flow is zero, if the difference value between the zero AD value of the expiratory flow sensor obtained in the step one and the zero AD value of the expiratory flow sensor obtained last time is within a threshold range, regarding the zero correction as effective, and taking the zero AD value of the expiratory flow sensor as a new zero AD value of the expiratory flow sensor;
step three, subtracting a new zero position AD value of the expiratory flow sensor obtained in the step two from an actual AD value of the expiratory flow sensor when the expiratory flow is measured subsequently;
step four, calculating an actual expiratory flow value according to a calibration curve of the expiratory flow sensor; the calibration curve is a corresponding relation curve of the delta value and the flow value.
Furthermore, the zero calibration of the inspiration flow sensor is performed during expiration, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1, when an anesthesia machine exhales, signals measured by an inhalation flow sensor are converted into digital signals through a first digital-analog converter and transmitted to a singlechip, and the singlechip processes the digital signals to obtain an AD value when the flow of the inhalation flow sensor is zero;
step 2, pre-judging the AD value of the air suction flow sensor obtained in the step 1 when the flow is zero, if the difference value between the AD value of the air suction flow sensor obtained in the step 1 and the zero AD value of the air suction flow sensor obtained in the step 1 is within a threshold range, regarding the zero correction as effective, and taking the zero AD value of the air suction flow sensor obtained in the step as a new zero AD value of the air suction flow sensor;
step 3, subtracting the new zero AD value of the inspiration flow sensor obtained in the step 2 from the actually measured AD value of the inspiration flow sensor when the inspiration flow is measured subsequently;
step 4, calculating an actual inspiration flow value according to a calibration curve of the inspiration flow sensor; the calibration curve is a corresponding relation curve of the delta value and the flow value.
Further, the threshold is a ±100AD value.
Further, the AD value of the zero-bit flow is pre-judged in the dynamic zero-correction process, if the difference value between the AD value and the zero-bit AD value of the last zero-correction exceeds a threshold value, the zero-correction processing result is abandoned, the zero bit is not updated, and an alarm prompts that the flow sensor fails to automatically zero-correction.
Furthermore, when the machine is started, self-checking is carried out on the inspiration check valve and the expiration check valve, if reverse air leakage is detected, an alarm prompts a user to check the check valve, and the dynamic zero calibration process is automatically shielded when the check valve with the reverse air leakage is actually operated.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the device and the method for dynamically calibrating the zero position of the flow sensor of the anesthesia machine can calibrate the zero position of the flow sensor of the expiration during inspiration and calibrate the zero position of the flow sensor of the inspiration during expiration, thereby realizing real-time zero calibration without stopping zero calibration during the operation of the anesthesia machine.
Zeroing of the inspiration and expiration flow sensors may be accomplished during one ventilation cycle. Inhalation and exhalation are alternately performed, zero calibration and measurement are alternately performed, the flow rate measuring device can be immediately used for next flow rate measurement after each zero calibration, zero drift can be immediately eliminated even if zero drift occurs in the use process, and real-time, non-stop and dynamic zero calibration is really achieved.
And the zero correction is automatically performed without manual operation, thereby eliminating zero correction errors caused by human factors.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a dynamic calibration device for the zero position of a flow sensor of an anesthesia machine.
In the figure: the device comprises an inhalation flow sensor 1, an exhalation flow sensor 2, an inhalation end one-way valve 3, an exhalation end one-way valve 4, an inhalation end corrugated pipe 5, an exhalation end corrugated pipe 6, a patient inhalation port 7, a first digital-analog converter 8 and a second digital-analog converter 9.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the patient end of an anesthesia machine ventilation. When the anesthesia machine is in ventilation operation, during the inspiration phase, the gas flows from the patient circuit to the patient, and because the CV2 action, the gas flow does not take the path B2, but only flows into the patient from the path B1, the gas flow direction during inspiration is: patient circuit- & gt CV 1- & gt SE 1- & gt B1- & gt patient, wherein the SE1 can measure the flow, the flow is integrated to obtain the suction capacity, and the SE2 does not flow, so that the flow measured by the SE2 is theoretically 0; during the expiration phase, the gas flows from the patient flow patient circuit, and because the CV1 action, the gas flow does not take the path B1, but only flows into the patient from the path B2, so the gas flow direction during expiration is: patient- > B2- > SE 2- > CV 2- > patient circuit, where SE2 can measure flow, and integrating this flow gives tidal volume, SE1 has no flow through, so theoretically SE1 measures flow of 0.
Wherein: SE1 is an inhalation flow sensor 1, SE2 is an exhalation flow sensor 2, cv1 is an inhalation-side check valve 3, and cv2 is an exhalation-side check valve 4.
As is clear from the above principle, since the flow rate flowing through SE2 is 0 during inhalation and the flow rate flowing through SE1 is 0 during exhalation, the expiratory flow sensor can be zeroed during inhalation and the inspiratory flow sensor can be zeroed during exhalation.
When the anesthesia machine inhales, signals measured by SE2 are converted into digital signals through A/D conversion and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer processes the digital signals to obtain an AD value of SE2 when the flow is zero, the AD value is prejudged, if the difference value between the AD value and the last SE2 zero position AD value is within 1 reasonable range (+ -100 AD values), the AD value is considered to be effective in zeroing, the AD value is taken as a new SE2 zero position AD value, when the expiratory flow is measured subsequently, the SE2 actual measurement AD value is subtracted by the SE2 zero position AD value to obtain a delta value, and then an actual expiratory flow value is calculated according to a calibration curve (the calibration curve is a corresponding relation curve of the delta value and the flow value) of SE 2. The above process enables dynamic zeroing of SE2 during inspiration.
When the anesthesia machine exhales, the signal measured by SE1 is converted into a digital signal through A/D conversion and is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer processes the digital signal to obtain the AD value of SE1 when the flow is zero, the AD value is prejudged, if the difference value between the AD value and the last SE1 zero AD value is within 1 reasonable range (+/-100 AD values), the AD value is considered to be effective in zeroing, the AD value is taken as a new SE1 zero AD value, when the inspiration flow is measured subsequently, the AD value of SE1 is subtracted by the SE1 zero AD value to obtain a delta value, and then the actual inspiration flow value is calculated according to the calibration curve of SE 1. The above process enables dynamic zeroing of SE1 during exhalation.
In order to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of dynamic zeroing and prevent zeroing distortion caused by reverse air leakage of the check valve, the following processing can be performed: (1) and pre-judging the AD value of the zero-bit flow in the dynamic zero-correction process, if the deviation between the AD value and the zero-bit AD value of the last zero-correction process is too large, discarding the zero-correction processing result, and giving an alarm to prompt that the flow sensor fails to automatically zero-correction. (2) When the check valve is started, the check valve is self-checked, if reverse air leakage is detected, an alarm prompts a user to check the check valve, and the check valve with the reverse air leakage automatically shields a dynamic zero calibration process when in actual work so as to avoid larger errors.
From the above, the zeroing of the inspiration and expiration flow sensors can be accomplished in one ventilation cycle. Inhalation and exhalation are alternately performed, zero calibration and measurement are alternately performed, the flow rate measuring device can be immediately used for next flow rate measurement after each zero calibration, zero drift can be immediately eliminated even if zero drift occurs in the use process, and real-time, non-stop and dynamic zero calibration is really achieved.
By adopting the dynamic calibration device and the dynamic calibration method for the zero position of the flow sensor of the anesthesia machine, the zero calibration can be carried out on the flow sensor of the expiration during inspiration, and the zero calibration can be carried out on the flow sensor of the inspiration during expiration, so that the zero calibration can be carried out in real time without stopping the anesthesia machine during operation. Zero calibration can be performed in each breathing cycle, and zero drift in the using process can be overcome. And the zero correction is automatically performed without manual operation, thereby eliminating zero correction errors caused by human factors.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The dynamic calibration method for the zero position of the flow sensor of the anesthesia machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of: zeroing the expiratory flow sensor during inspiration and zeroing the inspiratory flow sensor during expiration;
when the anesthesia machine ventilates, during the inspiration phase, the gas flows from the patient circuit to the patient, because the expiration end check valve acts on, the gas flow can not walk the expiration end bellows, can only flow into the patient from the inspiration end bellows, so the gas flow direction during inspiration is: the patient loop, the inspiration end one-way valve, the inspiration flow sensor, the inspiration end corrugated pipe and the patient, wherein the inspiration flow sensor can measure the flow at the moment, the flow is integrated to obtain the inspiration capacity, and the expiration flow sensor has no flow, so the flow measured by the expiration flow sensor is 0; during the expiration period, the gas flows from the patient flow patient circuit, and because the inspiration end one-way valve is used, the gas flow cannot flow through the inspiration end corrugated pipe and can only flow into the patient from the expiration end corrugated pipe, so that the gas flow direction during expiration is as follows: the method comprises the steps of a patient, an expiration end corrugated pipe, an expiration flow sensor, an expiration end one-way valve and a patient loop, wherein the expiration flow sensor can measure flow at the moment, the flow is integrated to obtain tidal volume, and the inspiration flow sensor does not flow, so that the flow measured by the inspiration flow sensor is 0;
the method comprises the following specific steps of:
step one, when the anesthesia machine inhales, the signal measured by the expiratory flow sensor is converted into a digital signal through a second digital-analog converter and then transmitted to the singlechip, and the singlechip processes the digital signal to obtain an AD value when the flow of the expiratory flow sensor is zero;
step two, pre-judging the AD value of the expiratory flow sensor obtained in the step one when the flow is zero, if the difference value between the zero AD value of the expiratory flow sensor obtained in the step one and the zero AD value of the expiratory flow sensor obtained last time is within a threshold range, regarding the zero correction as effective, and taking the zero AD value of the expiratory flow sensor as a new zero AD value of the expiratory flow sensor;
step three, subtracting a new zero position AD value of the expiratory flow sensor obtained in the step two from an actual AD value of the expiratory flow sensor when the expiratory flow is measured subsequently;
step four, calculating an actual expiratory flow value according to a calibration curve of the expiratory flow sensor; the calibration curve is a corresponding relation curve of a delta value and a flow value;
the method comprises the following specific steps of:
step 1, when an anesthesia machine exhales, signals measured by an inhalation flow sensor are converted into digital signals through a first digital-analog converter and transmitted to a singlechip, and the singlechip processes the digital signals to obtain an AD value when the flow of the inhalation flow sensor is zero;
step 2, pre-judging the AD value of the air suction flow sensor obtained in the step 1 when the flow is zero, if the difference value between the AD value of the air suction flow sensor obtained in the step 1 and the zero AD value of the air suction flow sensor obtained in the step 1 is within a threshold range, regarding the zero correction as effective, and taking the zero AD value of the air suction flow sensor obtained in the step as a new zero AD value of the air suction flow sensor;
step 3, subtracting the new zero AD value of the inspiration flow sensor obtained in the step 2 from the actually measured AD value of the inspiration flow sensor when the inspiration flow is measured subsequently;
step 4, calculating an actual inspiration flow value according to a calibration curve of the inspiration flow sensor; the calibration curve is a corresponding relation curve of the delta value and the flow value.
2. The method for dynamically calibrating the zero position of a flow sensor of an anesthesia machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the threshold is a ±100AD value.
3. The method for dynamically calibrating the zero position of a flow sensor of an anesthesia machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: and pre-judging the AD value of the zero-bit flow in the dynamic zero correction process, if the difference value between the AD value and the zero-bit AD value of the last zero correction exceeds a threshold value, discarding the zero correction processing result, and giving an alarm to prompt that the flow sensor fails to automatically zero-correction.
4. The method for dynamically calibrating the zero position of a flow sensor of an anesthesia machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the device is started, self-checking is carried out on the inspiration check valve and the expiration check valve, if reverse air leakage is detected, an alarm prompts a user to check the check valve, and the process of dynamic zero calibration is automatically shielded when the check valve with reverse air leakage is actually operated.
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