CN112566956A

CN112566956A - Three-dimensional lattice structures comprising a working material, compositions comprising three-dimensional lattice structures, and methods and compositions for making the same

Info

Publication number: CN112566956A
Application number: CN201980051234.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 詹姆斯·F·布朗
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-07-30
Filing date: 2019-07-25
Publication date: 2021-03-26
Also published as: PE20211862A1; US20200032065A1; EP3830162A4; TW202016193A; WO2020028136A1; MX2021001348A; EP3830162A1

Abstract

Chemical structures defining a unit in which a process material can be contained are disclosed, as well as compositions comprising the chemical structures and process material, compositions for making the compositions, and methods of making the same. The composition for making the chemical structure includes a core precursor compound and an elongated portion precursor compound. Lattice structures including a core portion (analogous to a node) and an elongated portion (analogous to a connector extending between nodes) are disclosed. Also disclosed are articles comprising one or more compositions, structures comprising a lattice structure/operative material region (a structure comprising at least a first lattice structure (comprising a plurality of nuclei and a plurality of elongated moieties) and at least a first operative material) and at least a first additional region.

Description

Three-dimensional lattice structures comprising a working material, compositions comprising three-dimensional lattice structures, and methods and compositions for making the same

Cross Reference to Related Applications

This application is U.S. patent application US16/049,008 (U.S. patent application publication No. 7/30, 2018, filed on month 7(Pub. Date:)) Claim 2018, U.S. patent application publication No. US16/049,008 filed on 30/7/2018 (U.S. patent application publication No. b)(Pub. Date:)) And the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

This application is also U.S. patent application US16/270,011 (U.S. patent application publication No. 2/7/2019, filed on even date 2/7(Pub. Date:)) And U.S. patent application 16/270,011 is a partial continuation of U.S. patent application US16/049,008 filed on 30.7.2018, this application claims U.S. patent application US16/270,011 filed on 7.2.2019 (U.S. patent application publication No. US16/270,011)(Pub. Date:)) And the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

The subject of the invention relates to a chemical structure defining (define) a unit (unit) which can contain (hold) a working material, as well as to a composition comprising the chemical structure and the working material, to a composition for preparing the composition, and to a method for preparing the above. The present subject matter also relates to a structure comprising [1] at least a first substrate (described herein), [2] at least a first lattice structure/working material region (comprising at least one lattice structure described herein and at least one working material described herein), and [3] at least a first additional region (described herein) located between the first substrate and the first lattice structure/working material region, and a method of making the structure. The present subject matter also relates to a structure comprising at least one lattice structure (described herein) and at least one working material (described herein), and methods of making the structure. The present subject matter also relates to a structure comprising at least one lattice structure (described herein), at least one handle material (described herein), and at least one first additional region (described herein), and methods of making the structure.

Background

For example, in the manufacture of a wide variety of different products (e.g., windows, sensors, biomedical devices, and lenses (lenses)), there has been a continuing need to use materials (e.g., coatings, films, laminates, and other structures) having any of a variety of properties: low adhesion, antifogging property, water-proof property and self-cleaning property. In the preparation of a wide variety of products, such as molds, transfer films, industrial tapes, labels, mold cutting structures, double-sided tapes, silicone foams or rubber tapes, in-process liners for easy handling of jumbo rolls, heat-sensitive transfer or non-solvent-casting liners, and non-stick laboratories and medical devices, it is desirable to use materials (e.g., coatings, films, laminates and other structures) having excellent release (release) properties. In the manufacture of a wide variety of different products, such as touch screens, large and small appliance bodies, and work surfaces, it is desirable to use materials (e.g., coatings, films, laminates, and other structures) that have anti-smudge and/or anti-fingerprint properties. In addition, there is a need for materials (e.g., coatings, films, laminates and other structures) that can provide excellent deicing (ice release) performance on wind turbines, electrical wiring, building drip edges, fishing lines and aircraft wings. There is also a need for materials that can act as effective adhesives, including pressure sensitive adhesives.

Disclosure of Invention

In most cases, polymers are macromolecules whose physical properties depend on interactions between polymer chains. An important factor in these interactions is the topology of the polymer chains that make up the molecular backbone (backbone).

Some polymer molecules are linear, resembling normal alkanes (normal alkanes), such as n-decane. An example of a linear polymer is High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), which may contain more than 1,000 CH₂A group. Polymers with very small side groups, such as the methyl groups in polypropylene, are considered linear. The simulated framework and details of HDPE are shown in fig. 1 and 2.

In many cases, linear polymers may form close-packed crystals (closed packed crystals), as shown in fig. 3.

Some polymers, such as Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), have branches (branches) of different sizes irregularly spaced along the backbone. Such polymers are branched or non-linear.

The branching prevents the non-linear molecules from packing as tightly as the linear molecules, thereby reducing density. The simulated backbone and details of LDPE are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

Some polymers have crosslinks between polymer chains to form a network, referred to as network polymers. Lightly crosslinked polymers are generally elastomers, while highly crosslinked polymers may be rigid and hard. The crosslinks may be formed by exposure to heat, light, moisture and/or oxygen or by other chemical reactions. The backbone structure of the network polymer having a high crosslink density is shown in fig. 6.

In each case, the topology of the polymer also determines the degree of absorption of the additives and property modifiers within the structure. Crystalline linear polymers have little ability to contain slip agents and plasticizers within their structure. Branched polymers may be more accommodated due to free space considerations. Depending on the degree of crosslinking, the network polymer may accommodate more of such fluid or solid reagents (agent) than linear or branched polymers.

Among these agents, the practice of wetting the material with a lubricant when dipping grease into fire hardened axles and wheels has been known for hundreds of years. Babbitt bearings are composed of porous metal that absorbs lubricant. Nylon 6,6 and PTFE bearings may contain fluid or solid lubricants to provide extended lubricity.

Brownian in US patent US 6,767,587 discloses a shallow surface microstructure comprising oil. More recently, Essenberg et al in U.S. Pat. No. 5, 9,630,224 disclose a surface structure that retains lubricant on its surface and reduces adhesion to ice and other substances. To this end, golowoth et al in PCT application WO 2016/176350 a1 disclose a cured durable random network polymer containing a lubricant in an amount of about 10% to 15% by weight. Higher levels of lubricant may be expressed on the polymer surface.

In 1983, european patent No. US 4,503,210, wen europe (Von Au) et al, discloses elastomeric compositions having the potential to constitute a polymer lattice. However, the polymer is formed under conditions where no ingredients are necessary, and is never formed under these conditions. Later, Marylana (Miriani) et al disclosed a similar liquid rubber composition in U.S. Pat. No. 5, 9,528,005. These compositions comprise a novel solid filler (filler). They also include as plasticizers and diluents low levels of silicone oils which are insufficient to form the structures of the invention.

According to a first aspect of the inventive subject matter, there is provided a composition comprising:

at least a first lattice structure; and

at least a first working material;

the first lattice structure includes a plurality of core portions (nuclei) and a plurality of elongated portions (elengatedmonomers);

at least some of the core portions are chemically bonded to at least three of the elongate portions;

at least some of the elongated portions are chemically bonded to at least two of the core portions.

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, at least some of the core portions correspond to (as defined herein) at least one compound selected from the following group of compounds, the group of compounds including: tetrabutanone oxime silane (2-Butanone, O, O '-silacetyltetraoxide), methyltributanoxime silane (2-Butanone, O, O' - (methylisilidyyne) Trioxime, Tetramethoxysilane (Tetramethoxysilane), Tetraethoxysilane (Tetraethoxysilane), tetraethylorthosilicate (tetraethoxyorthosilicate), Tetrachlorosilane (Tetrachlorosilane), Trichlorosilane (Trichlorosilane), Tungsten hexachloride (Tungsten hexachloride), Molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Molybdenum hexacarbonyl), 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane (bis (triethoxysiloxyl) ethane (1, 2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane (1, 2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane (bis) methane (tris (Tetraethoxysilane) methane (2-oxosilane) ether), glutarate (2-6, 6-bis (2-6, 6) oxosilane) (2-6, 6-bis (3-6-bis (3, 6-Tetraethoxysilane) ether), 5-heptamethiodionate)), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane (methyltrimethoxysilane), chloromethyltrimethoxysilane (chloromethyltrimethoxysilane), ethyltrimethoxysilane (ethyltrimethoxysilane), n-propyltrimethoxysilane (propyltrimethyoxysilane), vinyltrimethoxysilane (vinyltrimethylsilane), methyltriethoxysilane (methyltriethoxysilane), vinyltriethoxysilane (vinyltriethoxysilane), phenyltriethoxysilane (phenyltriethoxysilane), methyltripropoxysilane (methyltripropoxysilane), phenyltripropoxysilane (phenyltriethoxysilane), tetramethyltriethoxysilane (tetramethyltriethoxysilane), tetramethyltriethoxysilane (tetramethyln-propyltriethoxysilane (tetramethylketoxime), tetramethyltriethoxysilane (tetramethylketoxime), tetramethylketoxime) (tetramethylketoxime), tetramethylketoxime (tetramethylketoxime), methyl tris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane (methyl tris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane), methyl tris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane (tetra (methyl ketoxime) silane); and/or at least some of said elongate portions correspond to at least one compound selected from the group of compounds comprising: silane-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or unfluorinated) in one or more positions, oxime-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or unfluorinated in one or more positions), silane-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or unfluorinated in one or more positions), oxime-terminated urethanes (oxidized or unfluorinated in one or more positions), silane-terminated alkyl polymers (silane-terminated alkyl polymers), silane-terminated aryl polymers (silane-terminated aryl polymers), oxime-terminated alkyl polymers, oxime-terminated aryl polymers, and hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol (polyethylene glycol), PEG, low molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG).

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the atomic fraction of the portions selected from the core portion and the elongated portion of a compound corresponding to (as defined herein) a compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: tetrabutanone oxime silane (2-Butanone, O, O '-silacetyltetraoxide), methyltributanoxime silane (2-Butanone, O, O' - (methylisilidyyne) Trioxime, Tetramethoxysilane (Tetramethoxysilane), Tetraethoxysilane (Tetraethoxysilane), tetraethylorthosilicate (tetraethoxyorthosilicate), Tetrachlorosilane (Tetrachlorosilane), Trichlorosilane (Trichlorosilane), Tungsten hexachloride (Tungsten hexachloride), Molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Molybdenum hexacarbonyl), 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane (bis (triethoxysiloxyl) ethane (1, 2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane (1, 2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane (bis) methane (tris (Tetraethoxysilane) methane (2-oxosilane) ether), glutarate (2-6, 6-bis (2-6, 6) oxosilane) (2-6, 6-bis (3-6-bis (3, 6-Tetraethoxysilane) ether), 5-heptamethiodionate)), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane (methyltrimethoxysilane), chloromethyltrimethoxysilane (chloromethyltrimethoxysilane), ethyltrimethoxysilane (ethyltrimethoxysilane), n-propyltrimethoxysilane (propyltrimethyoxysilane), vinyltrimethoxysilane (vinyltrimethylsilane), methyltriethoxysilane (methyltriethoxysilane), vinyltriethoxysilane (vinyltriethoxysilane), phenyltriethoxysilane (phenyltriethoxysilane), methyltripropoxysilane (methyltripropoxysilane), phenyltripropoxysilane (phenyltriethoxysilane), tetramethyltriethoxysilane (tetramethyltriethoxysilane), tetramethyltriethoxysilane (tetramethyln-propyltriethoxysilane (tetramethylketoxime), tetramethyltriethoxysilane (tetramethylketoxime), tetramethylketoxime) (tetramethylketoxime), tetramethylketoxime (tetramethylketoxime), methyl tris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane (methylisothioketoxime) silane (methylitosilate) silane (methylitose) silane (methylisopropylketoxime) silane (methylitis (methylisopropylketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane (tetra (methyl ketoxime) silane), silane-terminated polyether (silane-terminated polyether) (fluorinated or unfluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated polyether (oxim-terminated polyether) (fluorinated or unfluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated urethane (silane-terminated urethane) (fluorinated or unfluorinated at one or more positions), oxim-terminated urethane (oxim-terminated urethane) (fluorinated or unfluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated polymers (silane-terminated polymers), hydrophilic terminated silane-terminated polymers (aryl-terminated oximes), and hydrophilic terminated polymeric materials, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), low molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG).

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, each of at least some of the cores includes at least one bonded-functional moiety (as defined herein) corresponding to at least one moiety selected from the group consisting of silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic (meth) groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids and inorganic acids. Accordingly, representative examples of core functionalities include chemical structures corresponding to any such core precursor compound functionality, i.e., chemical structures corresponding to silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic (methacrylic) groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, each of at least some of the elongated portions includes at least one bonded functional portion (as defined herein) corresponding to at least one portion selected from the group consisting of silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic (meth) groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallic, organosilicon, sulfide, halide, phosphate, organic alcohol, inorganic alcohol, organic acid and inorganic acid. Accordingly, representative examples of the moiety include chemical structures corresponding to any of the moiety precursor compound functionalities, i.e., chemical structures corresponding to silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic (methacrylic) groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, at least some of the first working material is located in individual pores (wells) in the first lattice structure, as appropriate.

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the first operation material comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: volatile and/or non-volatile oils, organic oils, silicone oils, fluorinated oils, organometallic fluids, phthalates (e.g. diisononyl phthalate), plasticizers, slip agents, volatile and non-volatile solvents, lubricants, reactive and/or non-reactive fluids, particles, nanoparticles, pigments, dyes, surfactants, phase change materials, PDMS, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, hydrocarbon oils (hydrocarbonic oils), dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, Di-n-decyl phthalate (di-n-decylphthalate), di-n-dodecyl phthalate (di-n-dodecylphthalate), perfluoropolyether oils from metals, Daikin and Dupont (perfluoropolyether oils, Daikin and Dupont), vegetable oils, animal oils, hydrophilic fluids, hygroscopic fluids, polyethylene glycols (polyethylene glycols), low molecular weight polypropylene glycols, fluid biomolecules (or solutions containing fluid biomolecules), low molecular weight amino acids, polysaccharides (polysaccharades), lignin (lignins), PTFE, hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycols (PEG) and low molecular weight polypropylene glycols (PPG).

Those skilled in the art are familiar with phase change materials and with a variety of materials known as phase change materials. Any suitable phase change material (or materials) may be employed in embodiments consistent with the subject matter of this disclosure.

Phase change materials include any material having a relatively high heat of fusion (i.e., a change in state from fluid to solid and/or solid to fluid). However, in some cases, the phase change material may be used according to the heat of vaporization (i.e., a change in state from gas to fluid and/or from fluid to gas) or the heat of sublimation (i.e., a change in state from solid to gas or from gas to solid) of the phase change material. Phase change materials having a relatively high heat of fusion melt and solidify at a certain temperature, and thus can store and release a large amount of energy. Heat is absorbed when the material changes from a solid to a liquid (heat is released when the material changes from a liquid to a solid). Phase change materials are commonly used in a manner that changes between two physical states, but phase change materials can be used in a manner that changes between three physical states (gas to liquid to solid, solid to liquid to gas) or from one solid to another.

In the range between 20 and 30 degrees celsius some phase change materials store 5 to 14 times more heat per unit volume than conventional storage materials such as water, masonry or rock.

Representative examples of phase change materials includeOrganic phase change materials (e.g., bio-based or paraffin (C)_nH_2n+2) Or carbohydrate and lipid derived materials), inorganic phase change materials (e.g., salt hydrates, such as MnH)₂0) Inorganic eutectics (inorganic eutectics), hygroscopic materials, solid-to-solid phase change materials).

The following is a list of representative specific materials that may be used as phase change materials:

water, sodium sulfate (Na)₂SO₄·10H₂O)，NaCl·Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, lauric acid, TME/H₂O (e.g. TME (63%)/H)₂O(37％))，Mn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O (e.g. Mn (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O(4％))，Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O, aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, silver, titanium, zinc, NaNO₃，NaNO₂，NaOH，KNO₃，KOH，NaOH/Na₂CO₃(e.g., NaOH/Na)₂CO₃(7.2%)), NaCl/NaOH (e.g., NaCl (26.8%)/NaOH), NaCl/KCl/LiCl (e.g., NaCl/KCl (32.4%)/LiCl (32.8%)), NaCl/NaNO)₃/Na₂SO₄(e.g., NaCl (5.7%)/NaNO₃(85.5％)/Na₂SO₄)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl/NaNO)₃(5％)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl (5%)/NaNO)₃)，NaCl/KC1/MgCl₂(e.g., NaCl (42.5%)/KC 1 (20.5%)/MgCl₂)，KNO₃/NaNO₃(e.g., KNO)₃(10％)/NaNO₃)),KNO₃KC1 (e.g., KNO)₃/KC1(4.5％)),KNO₃KBr/KC1 (e.g. KNO)₃(ii)/KBr (4.7%)/KC 1 (7.3%)), paraffin 14-carbon, paraffin 15-carbon, paraffin 16-carbon, paraffin 17-carbon, paraffin 18-carbon, paraffin 19-carbon, paraffin 20-carbon, paraffin 21-carbon, paraffin 22-carbon, paraffin 23-carbon, paraffin 24-carbon, paraffin 25-carbon, paraffin 26-carbon, paraffin 27-carbon, paraffin 28-carbon, paraffin 29-carbon, paraffin 30-carbon, paraffin 31-carbon, paraffin 32-carbon, paraffin 33-carbon, paraffin 34-carbon, formic acid, octanoic acid, glycerol, p-lactic acid, methyl palmitate, camphor, dodeca-acid, and ethyl palmitateAlkyl bromides, octanoic acid, phenol, heptanedione, 1-cyclohexyloctadecane (1-cyclohexyolacetane), 4-heptanedione (4-heptadeacanone), p-toluidine (p-joluidine), cyanamide, methyl eicosanoate (methyl eicosanoate), 3-heptanedione, 2-heptanedione, hydrocinnamic acid, hexadecanoic acid, alpha-heptamine (heptamine), camphene (camphene), O-nitroaniline, 9-heptadecanone (9-heptadecanone), thymol (thymol), methyl behenate (methyl benzoate), diphenylamine (diphenylamine), p-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobezenezene), oxalates (oxolate), hypophosphorous acid (hypophosphorous acid), dichloroo-xylene (O-xylene dichloride), beta-chloroactic acid (chloronaphthalene), nitronaphthalene (glycerol myristate), myristyl (myristyl), nitronaphthalene (myristyl), cinnamic acid (methylnaphthalene), pimelic acid, alpha-chloroacetic acid, beeswax, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, p-bromophenol (p-bromohexanol), azobenzene (azobenzozene), acrylic acid, dinitrotoluene (2,4) (dinto solution (2,4)), phenylacetic acid, allylthiourea (thionamine), bromocamphor (bromocamphor), tetramethylbenzene (durene), methyl bromobenzoate (methyl bromobenzoate), alpha-naphthol, glutaric acid (glautaric acid), p-xylylene dichloride (p-xylene dichloride), catechol, quinone, acetanilide (actanilide), succinic anhydride (succinic anhydride), benzoic acid, styrene (stilbene), benzamide, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol 600, capric acid, elaidic acid (eladic acid), pentadecanoic acid (pentadecanoic acid), tristearic acid (tristearin), myristic acid (myristic acid), palmitic acid, stearic acid, acetamide, and methyl fumarate (methyl fumarate).

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the first operation material comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: one or more free nanoparticles, one or more surfactants, one or more dyes, one or more pigments, one or more non-functional particles, one or more hydrophobic particles, one or more absorbent materials, one or more quasi-crystalline materials, one or more semi-crystalline-containing materials (semi crystalline-containing materials), one or more two-phase materials, one or more three-phase materials, one or more than three-phase multiphase materials, one or more immiscible materials, one or more miscible materials, one or more surfactants, and/or one or more volatile fluids.

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 20% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 30% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 50% of the weight fraction of the composition

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, the first operating material comprises at least a first operating fluid and/or at least a first operating solid, as appropriate.

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the inventive subject matter, it may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate:

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to three elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to three core portions in the first lattice structure; or

Each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to four elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to three core portions in the first lattice structure; or

Each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to five elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to three core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to six elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to three core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to three elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to four core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to four elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to four core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to five elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to four core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to six elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to four core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to three elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to five core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to four elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to five core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to five elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to five core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to six elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to five core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to three elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to six core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to four elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to six core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to five elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to six core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to six elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to six core portions in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 50% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to six or more elongated portions in the first lattice structure, and each of at least 50% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to six or more core portions in the first lattice structure.

In some embodiments according to the first aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the composition further comprises at least one reaction promoter (e.g., which may be used to promote a reaction between [1] one or more compounds corresponding to the core portion and [2] one or more compounds corresponding to the elongated portion (forming a lattice structure) and remain after the reaction, examples of suitable compounds that may be used as reaction promoters include one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds consisting of N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), bis-gamma-trimethylsilylpropylamine (bis-gamma-trimethylsilylpropylamine), N-phenyl-gamma-amino-N-propyltrimethoxysilane (N-phenyl-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), triaminofunctional trimethoxysilane (triaminofunctional trimethylsilane), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane), methylamino-N-propyltrimethoxysilane (methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), methylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), methylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (beta-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), beta- (gamma-methacryloxypropyloxypropyloxypropyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), beta- (beta-methacryloxypropyloxypropyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), beta- (beta-methacryloxypropyloxypropylacrylamide), beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) propyltrimethoxysilane (beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) propylmethicilline), beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethylmethyldimethoxysilane (beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethylmethyldimethoxysilane), isopropyltriethoxysilane (isopropyloxypropyl), isopropylmethyldimethoxysilane (isopropyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane), beta-cyanoethyltrimethoxysilane (cyclohexylpropylmethicilline), gamma-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-acryloxypropylmethicilline), gamma-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane (methacryloxypropylmethicilline), 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyltrimethoxysilane (4-amino-3, 3-dimethylbutyltrimethyxysilane) and N-ethyl-3-trimethoxysilyl-2-methylpropanamine (N-ethyl-3-trimethylsilyl-2-methylpropanamine).

According to a second aspect of the inventive subject matter, there is provided a composition comprising:

a plurality of core precursor compounds;

a plurality of elongated portion precursor compounds; and

at least one of the first process material and the second process material,

the plurality of core precursor compounds includes at least a first core precursor compound,

the plurality of elongated portion precursor compounds includes at least a first elongated portion precursor compound;

the first core precursor compound is selected from the group of compounds consisting of: tetrabutanone oxime silane (2-Butanone, O, O '-silacetyltetraoxide), methyltributanoxime silane (2-Butanone, O, O' - (methylisilidyyne) Trioxime, Tetramethoxysilane (Tetramethoxysilane), Tetraethoxysilane (Tetraethoxysilane), tetraethylorthosilicate (tetraethoxyorthosilicate), Tetrachlorosilane (Tetrachlorosilane), Trichlorosilane (Trichlorosilane), Tungsten hexachloride (Tungsten hexachloride), Molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Molybdenum hexacarbonyl), 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane (bis (triethoxysiloxyl) ethane (1, 2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane (1, 2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane (bis) methane (tris (Tetraethoxysilane) methane (2-oxosilane) ether), glutarate (2-6, 6-bis (2-6, 6) oxosilane) (2-6, 6-bis (3-6-bis (3, 6-Tetraethoxysilane) ether), 5-heptamethiodionate)), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane (methyltrimethoxysilane), chloromethyltrimethoxysilane (chloromethyltrimethoxysilane), ethyltrimethoxysilane (ethyltrimethoxysilane), n-propyltrimethoxysilane (propyltrimethyoxysilane), vinyltrimethoxysilane (vinyltrimethylsilane), methyltriethoxysilane (methyltriethoxysilane), vinyltriethoxysilane (vinyltriethoxysilane), phenyltriethoxysilane (phenyltriethoxysilane), methyltripropoxysilane (methyltripropoxysilane), phenyltripropoxysilane (phenyltriethoxysilane), tetramethyltriethoxysilane (tetramethyltriethoxysilane), tetramethyltriethoxysilane (tetramethyln-propyltriethoxysilane (tetramethylketoxime), tetramethyltriethoxysilane (tetramethylketoxime), tetramethylketoxime) (tetramethylketoxime), tetramethylketoxime (tetramethylketoxime), methyl tris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane (methyl tris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane), methyl tris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane (tetra (methyl ketoxime) silane);

the first elongated portion precursor compound is selected from the group of compounds consisting of: silane-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or unfluorinated) in one or more positions, oxime-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or unfluorinated in one or more positions), silane-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or unfluorinated in one or more positions), oxime-terminated urethanes (oxidized or unfluorinated in one or more positions), silane-terminated alkyl polymers (silane-terminated alkyl polymers), silane-terminated aryl polymers (silane-terminated aryl polymers), oxime-terminated alkyl polymers, oxime-terminated aryl polymers, and hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol (polyethylene glycol), PEG, low molecular weight propylene glycol (PPG);

the first process material comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: volatile and/or non-volatile oils, organic oils, silicone oils, fluorinated oils, organometallic fluids, phthalates (e.g. diisononyl phthalate), plasticizers, slip agents, volatile and non-volatile solvents, lubricants, reactive and/or non-reactive fluids, particles, nanoparticles, pigments, dyes, surfactants, PDMS, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, hydrocarbon oils (hydrocarbonic oils), dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-n-decyl phthalate (phthalic-cyclohexyl-phthalate), di-n-dodecyl phthalate (di-n-dodecyl phthalate), perfluoropolyether oils from Suwei, Dajin and Dupont (perfluoropolyether oils from Solvay, Daikin and Dupont), vegetable oils, animal oils, hydrophilic fluids, hygroscopic fluids, polyethylene glycol (polyethylene glycol), low molecular weight polypropylene glycol, fluid biomolecules (or solutions containing fluid biomolecules), low molecular weight amino acids, polysaccharides (polysaccharades), lignin (lignins), PTFE, hydrophilic materials, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and low molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG), water, sodium sulfate (Na) and the like₂SO₄·10H₂O)，NaCl·Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, lauric acid, TME/H₂O (e.g. TME (63%)/H)₂O(37％))，Mn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O (e.g. Mn (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O(4％))，Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O, aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, silver, titanium, zinc, NaNO₃，NaNO₂，NaOH，KNO₃，KOH，NaOH/Na₂CO₃(e.g., NaOH/Na)₂CO₃(7.2%)), NaCl/NaOH (e.g., NaCl (26.8%)/NaOH), NaCl/KCl/LiCl (e.g., NaCl/KCl (32.4%)/LiCl (32.8%)), NaCl/NaNO)₃/Na₂SO₄(e.g., NaCl (5.7%)/NaNO₃(85.5％)/Na₂SO₄)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl/NaNO)₃(5％)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl (5%)/NaNO)₃)，NaCl/KC1/MgCl₂(e.g., NaCl (42.5%)/KC 1 (20.5%)/MgCl₂)，KNO₃/NaNO₃(e.g., KNO)₃(10％)/NaNO₃)),KNO₃KC1 (e.g., KNO)₃/KC1(4.5％)),KNO₃KBr/KC1 (e.g. KNO)₃KBr (4.7%)/KC 1 (7.3%)), paraffin 14-carbon, paraffin 15-carbon, paraffin 16-carbon, paraffin 17-carbon, paraffin 18-carbon, paraffin 19-carbon, paraffin 20-carbon, paraffin 21-carbon, paraffin 22-carbon, paraffin 23-carbon, paraffin 24-carbon, paraffin 25-carbon, paraffin 26-carbon, paraffin 27-carbon, paraffin 28-carbon, paraffin 29-carbon, paraffin 30-carbon, paraffin 31-carbon, paraffin 32-carbon, paraffin 33-carbon, paraffin 34-carbon, formic acid, octanoic acid, glycerol, p-lactic acid, methyl palmitate, camphorone, dodecyl bromide, octanoic acid, phenol, heptanone, 1-cyclohexyloctadecane (1-cyclohexoxylcatadecane), 4-heptadecanone (4-heptadecanone), p-toluidine (p-olyidine), cyanamide, methyl eicosanoate (methyl eicosanatate), 3-heptanedione, 2-heptanedione, hydrocinnamic acid, hexadecanoic acid, alpha-heptamine (nephylamine), camphene (camphene), O-nitroaniline, 9-heptadecanone (9-heptadecanone), thymol (thymol), methyl behenate (methyl behenate), diphenylamine (diphenylamine), p-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzizene), oxalate (oxolate), hypophosphorous acid (hypophosphorous acid), O-xylene dichloride (O-xylene dichloride), beta-chloroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid(chloroacetic acid), nitronaphthalene (nitronaphthalene), glyceryl myristate (trimitin), pimelic acid (heptadecanoic acid), alpha-chloroacetic acid, beeswax, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, p-bromophenol (p-bromophenol), azobenzene (azobenzoquinone), acrylic acid, dinitrotoluene (2,4) (dinetoluent (2,4)), phenylacetic acid, allylthiourea (thiosemicarbazine), bromocamphor (bromocamphor), tetramethylbenzene (durene), methyl bromobenzoate (methyl bromobenzoate), alpha-naphthol, glutaric acid (glautaric acid), p-xylylene dichloride (p-xylene dichloride), catechol, quinone, acetanilide (actanilide), succinic anhydride (succininanide), benzoic acid, styrene (stilbene acid), benzamide, polyethylene glycol, 600, oleic acid (600), pentadecanoic acid (myristic acid), myristic acid (stearic acid), palmitic acid, stearic acid, acetamide and methyl fumarate (methyl fumarate); and/or the first process material comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: one or more free nanoparticles, one or more surfactants, one or more dyes, one or more pigments, one or more non-functional particles, one or more hydrophobic particles, one or more absorbent materials, one or more quasi-crystalline materials, one or more semi-crystalline containing materials, one or more two-phase materials, one or more three-phase materials, one or more than three-phase multi-phase materials, one or more immiscible materials, one or more miscible materials, one or more surfactants, and/or one or more volatile fluids.

In some embodiments according to the second aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, [1] a core precursor compound (selected from the group consisting of tetrabutoximosilane, methyltribuitoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenolate, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, and [2] an elongated portion precursor compound (selected from the group consisting of silane-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated polyethers ((fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and hydrophilic material, such as polyethylene glycol, low molecular weight polypropylene glycol) in a weight fraction of at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition.

In some embodiments according to the second aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 20% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 30% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 50% of the weight fraction of the composition.

In some embodiments according to the second aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the composition comprises at least a first solvent.

In some embodiments according to the second aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, examples of suitable compounds that may be used as a reaction promoter include one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds consisting of: n-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), bis-gamma-trimethylsilylpropylamine (bis-gamma-aminopropylpropylamine), N-phenyl-gamma-amino N-propyltrimethoxysilane (N-phenyl-gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), trifunctional trimethoxysilane (triaminothiomethylane), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethyloxysilane), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethyloxysilane), gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethyloxysilane (gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), gamma-propylenylmethylpropyloxymethylpropylenemethylamine (gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), methylamino-n-propyltrimethoxysilane (methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), γ - (methacryloxy) propyldimethoxysilane (gamma-glycidyloxypropyldimethoxysilane), β - (methacryloxy) ethyltrimethoxysilane (beta-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), β - (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) propyltrimethoxysilane (beta- (3, 4-epoxycyclohexylpropyltrimethoxysilane), β - (3, 4-epoxycyclohexylethylmethyldimethoxysilane), isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (beta- (3, 4-epoxycyclohexyldimethoxyethylmethyldimethoxysilane), isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane (beta-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane), isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane), isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane (isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane) (isocyanatopropylmethoxysilyltrimethoxysilane), gamma-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane (methacryloxypropylmethyl ethyl silane), 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyltrimethoxysilane (4-amino-3, 3-dimethylbutyltrimethyxysilane), and N-ethyl-3-trimethoxysilyl-2-methylpropylamine (N-ethyl-3-trimethyltrimethylsilyl-2-methylpropanamamine).

According to a third aspect of the inventive subject matter, there is provided a method comprising:

providing at least [1] a core precursor compound, [2] an elongated portion precursor compound, and [3] a handle material compound to a space; and

removing from the space a composition comprising at least a first lattice structure and a plurality of the handle material compounds, the first lattice structure comprising a plurality of core portions and a plurality of elongated portions;

each of said plurality of nuclei corresponds (as defined herein) to a respective one of said nuclear precursor compounds;

each of said plurality of elongate portions corresponding to (as defined herein) a respective one of said elongate portion precursor compounds;

each of at least some of the plurality of core portions is chemically bonded to at least three of the plurality of elongate portions;

each of at least some of the plurality of elongated portions is chemically bonded to at least two of the plurality of core portions;

the first lattice structure defines a plurality of distinct cells.

In some embodiments according to the third aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, at least some of the core precursor compounds are selected from the group of compounds comprising: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane;

at least some of the elongated portion precursor compounds are selected from the following group of compounds, the group of compounds comprising: silane-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, silane-terminated aromatic-based polymers, oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymers, and hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol, low molecular weight polypropylene glycol.

In some embodiments according to the third aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the atomic fraction of the plurality of portions selected from the core portion and the elongated portion corresponding to a compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyl tris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyl tris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyl tris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyl tris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyl tris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane, and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, silane-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, silane-terminated aromatic-based polymers, oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, oxime aromatic-terminated polymers, and hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol, low molecular weight polypropylene glycol.

In some embodiments according to the third aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, each of at least some of the core precursor compounds includes at least one core precursor compound functional moiety selected from the group consisting of: silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic (methacrylic) groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids; each of at least some of the elongate part precursor compounds comprises at least one elongate part precursor compound functional part selected from the group consisting of: silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic (meth) groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

In some embodiments according to the third aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, in the composition comprising at least a first lattice structure and a plurality of the working material compounds, at least some of the working material is located in a respective well in the first lattice structure.

In some embodiments according to the third aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the process material compound comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: volatile and/or non-volatile oils, organic oils, silicone oils, fluorinated oils, organometallic fluids, phthalates (e.g. diisononyl phthalate), plasticizers, slip agents, volatile and non-volatile solvents, lubricants, reactive and/or non-reactive fluids, particles, nanoparticles, pigments, dyes, surfactants, PDMS, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, hydrocarbon oils (hydrocarbonic oils), dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-n-decyl phthalate (phthalic-cyclohexyl-phthalate), di-n-dodecyl phthalate (di-n-dodecyl phthalate), perfluoropolyether oils from Sorbomachinery, Dajin and DuPont (perfluoropolyether oils from Solvay, Daikin and Dupont), vegetable oils, animal oils, hydrophilic streamsA body, a hygroscopic fluid, polyethylene glycol (polyethylene glycol), low molecular weight polypropylene glycol, a fluid biomolecule (or a solution comprising a fluid biomolecule), a low molecular weight amino acid, a polysaccharide (polysaccharides), lignin (lignins), PTFE, a hydrophilic material, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and low molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG), water, sodium sulfate (Na), and the like₂SO₄·10H₂O)，NaCl·Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, lauric acid, TME/H₂O (e.g. TME (63%)/H)₂O(37％))，Mn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O (e.g. Mn (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O(4％))，Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O, aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, silver, titanium, zinc, NaNO₃，NaNO₂，NaOH，KNO₃，KOH，NaOH/Na₂CO₃(e.g., NaOH/Na)₂CO₃(7.2%)), NaCl/NaOH (e.g., NaCl (26.8%)/NaOH), NaCl/KCl/LiCl (e.g., NaCl/KCl (32.4%)/LiCl (32.8%)), NaCl/NaNO)₃/Na₂SO₄(e.g., NaCl (5.7%)/NaNO₃(85.5％)/Na₂SO₄)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl/NaNO)₃(5％)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl (5%)/NaNO)₃)，NaCl/KC1/MgCl₂(e.g., NaCl (42.5%)/KC 1 (20.5%)/MgCl₂)，KNO₃/NaNO₃(e.g., KNO)₃(10％)/NaNO₃)),KNO₃KC1 (e.g., KNO)₃/KC1(4.5％)),KNO₃KBr/KC1 (e.g. KNO)₃(ii)/KBr (4.7%)/KC 1 (7.3%)), paraffin 14-carbon, paraffin 15-carbon, paraffin 16-carbon, paraffin 17-carbon, paraffin 18-carbon, paraffin 19-carbon, paraffin 20-carbon, paraffin 21-carbon, paraffin 22-carbon, paraffin 23-carbon, paraffin 24-carbon, paraffin 25-carbon, paraffin 26-carbon, paraffin 27-carbon, paraffin 28-carbon, paraffin 29-carbon, paraffin 30-carbon, paraffin 31-carbon, paraffin 32-carbon, paraffin 33-carbon, paraffin 34-carbon, formic acid, octanoic acid, glycerol, p-lactic acid, methyl palmitate, camphorone, dodecyl bromide, octanoic acid, phenol, heptanone, 1-cyclohexyloctadecane (1-cyclohexyoctadecane), 4-heptadeceneAlkanones (4-heptadeacanone), p-toluidines (p-jolidine), cyanamide, methyl eicosanoate (methyl eicosanoiate), 3-heptanedione, 2-heptanedione, hydrocinnamic acid, hexadecanoic acid, alpha-heptylamine (neophylamine), camphene (camphene), O-nitroaniline, 9-heptadecanone (9-heptadecenoane), thymol (thymol), methyl behenate (methyl behenate), diphenylamine (diphenylamine), p-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlobenzene), oxalates (oxolate), hypophosphorous acid (hypophosphorous acid), dichloro-O-xylene (O-xylene dichloride), beta-chloroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid (chloroacetic acid), nitronaphthalene (nitronaphthalene), glycerol myristate (myristoitin), heptanedioic acid (glycolic acid), beeswax, p-bromophenol (beeswax), azobenzene (azobenzone), acrylic acid, dinitrotoluene (2,4) (dinto total (2,4)), phenylacetic acid, allylthiourea (thiosine), bromocamphor (bromocamphor), tetramethylbenzene (durene), methyl bromobenzoate (methyl bromobenzoate), alpha-naphthol, glutaric acid (glautaric acid), p-xylylene dichloride (p-xylene dichloride), catechol, quinone, acetanilide (actanilide), succinic anhydride (succinic anhydride), benzoic acid, styrene (stilbene), benzamide, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol 600, decanoic acid, elaidic acid (elaidic acid), pentadecanoic acid (pentadecanoic acid), tristearic acid (tristearin), myristic acid (myristic acid), palmitic acid, stearic acid, acetamide, and methyl fumarate (methyl fumarate). In some embodiments, the working material compound further comprises at least one compound selected from the following group of compounds, the group of compounds comprising: one or more free nanoparticles, one or more surfactants, one or more dyes, one or more pigments, one or more non-functional particles, one or more hydrophobic particles, one or more absorbent materials, one or more quasi-crystalline materials, one or more semi-crystalline containing materials, one or more two-phase materials, one or more three-phase materials, one or more than three-phase multi-phase materials, one or more immiscible materials, one or more miscible materials, one or more surfactants, and/or one or more volatile fluids.

In some embodiments according to the third aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 20% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 30% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 50% of the weight fraction of the composition

In some embodiments according to the third aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, the first operating material comprises at least a first operating fluid and/or at least a first operating solid, as appropriate.

In some embodiments according to the third aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate, the method further comprises applying at least a first solvent to the space.

In some embodiments according to the third aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the method further comprises applying at least a first reaction promoter to the space (any of the reaction promoters may be provided to the space before, during or after [1] the core precursor compound, [2] the elongated portion precursor compound and [3] the handle material compound are provided to the space). Examples of suitable compounds that may be used as reaction promoters include one or more compounds selected from the following group of compounds, the group of compounds comprising: n-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis-gamma-trimethoxysilylpropylamine, N-phenyl-gamma-amino-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, triamino-functional trimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, methacryloxy-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, methylamino-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma- (methacryloxy) propyldimethoxysilane, beta- (methacryloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (methacryloxy) ethyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) propyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethylmethyldimethoxysilane, isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, isocyanatopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, beta-cyanoethyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyltrimethoxysilane and N-ethyl-3-trimethoxysilane-2-methylpropylamine.

According to a fourth aspect of the inventive subject matter, there is provided a composition comprising:

a plurality of core precursor compounds; and

a plurality of elongated portion precursor compounds;

the first core precursor compound is selected from the group of compounds consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane;

the first elongated portion precursor compound is selected from the group of compounds consisting of: silane-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated polyethers ((fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, silane-terminated aromatic-based polymers, oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymers, and hydrophilic materials, such as polyethylene glycol, low molecular weight polypropylene glycol.

In some embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, [1] a core precursor compound (selected from the group consisting of tetrabutoximosilane, methyltribuitoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenolate, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, and [2] an elongated portion precursor compound (selected from the group consisting of silane-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated polyethers ((fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and hydrophilic material, such as polyethylene glycol, low molecular weight polypropylene glycol) in a weight fraction of at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition.

In some embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the composition further comprises at least a first processing material. In some embodiments, the first process material comprises at least one compound selected from the following group of compounds, the group of compounds comprising: volatile and/or non-volatile oils, organic oils, silicone oils, fluorinated oils, organometallic fluids, phthalates (e.g., diisononyl phthalate), plasticizers, slip agents, volatile and non-volatile solvents, lubricants, reactive and/or non-reactive fluids, particles, nanoparticles, pigments, dyes, surfactants, PDMS, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, hydrocarbon oils, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-n-decyl phthalate, di-n-dodecyl phthalate, perfluoropolyether oils from suwei, dajin and dupont, vegetable oils, animal oils, hydrophilic fluids, hygroscopic fluids, polyethylene glycols, low molecular weight polypropylene glycols, fluid biomolecules (or solutions containing fluid biomolecules), low molecular weight amino acids, polysaccharides, lignin, PTFE, hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and low molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG), water, sodium sulfate (Na)₂SO₄·10H₂O)，NaCl·Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, lauric acid, TME/H₂O (e.g. TME (63%)/H)₂O(37％))，Mn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O (e.g. Mn (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O(4％))，Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O, aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, silver, titanium, zinc, NaNO₃，NaNO₂，NaOH，KNO₃，KOH，NaOH/Na₂CO₃(e.g., NaOH/Na)₂CO₃(7.2%)), NaCl/NaOH (e.g., NaCl (26.8%)/NaOH), NaCl/KCl/LiCl (e.g., NaCl/KCl (32.4%)/LiCl (32.8%)), NaCl/NaNO)₃/Na₂SO₄(e.g., NaCl (5.7%)/NaNO₃(85.5％)/Na₂SO₄)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl/NaNO)₃(5％)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl (5%)/NaNO)₃)，NaCl/KC1/MgCl₂(e.g., NaCl (42.5%)/KC 1 (20.5%)/MgCl₂)，KNO₃/NaNO₃(e.g., KNO)₃(10％)/NaNO₃)),KNO₃KC1 (e.g., KNO)₃/KC1(4.5％)),KNO₃KBr/KC1 (e.g. KNO)₃(ii)/KBr (4.7%)/KC 1 (7.3%)), paraffin 14-carbon, paraffin 15-carbon, paraffin 16-carbon, paraffin 17-carbon, paraffin 18-carbon, paraffin 19-carbon, paraffin 20-carbon, paraffin 21-carbon, paraffin 22-carbon, paraffin 23-carbon, paraffin 24-carbon, paraffin 25-carbon, paraffin 26-carbon, paraffin 27-carbon, paraffin 28-carbon, paraffin 29-carbon, paraffin 30-carbon, paraffin 31-carbon, paraffin 32-carbon, paraffin 33-carbon, paraffin 34-carbon, formic acid, octanoic acid, glycerol, p-lactic acid, methyl palmitate, camphorone, dodecyl bromide, octanoic acid, phenol, heptanone, 1-cyclohexyloctadecane, 4-heptanone, p-toluidine, cyanamide, methyl eicosanoate, 3-heptanedione, 2-heptanedione, hydrocinnamic acid, hexadecanoic acid, α -heptylamine, camphene, o-nitroaniline, 9-heptadecanone, thymol, methyl docosanoate, diphenylamine, p-dichlorobenzene, oxalate, hypophosphorous acid, dichloroo-xylene, β -chloroacetic acid, nitronaphthalene, glyceryl myristate, pimelic acid, α -chloroacetic acid, beeswax, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, p-bromophenol, azobenzene, acrylic acid, dinitrotoluene (2,4), phenylacetic acid, allylthiourea, bromocamphor, tetramethylbenzene, methyl bromobenzoate, α -naphthol, glutaric acid,p-xylene dichloride, catechol, quinone, acetanilide, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid, styrene, benzamide, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol 600, capric acid, elaidic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tristearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, acetamide, and methyl fumarate; and/or the first process material comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: one or more free nanoparticles, one or more surfactants, one or more dyes, one or more pigments, one or more non-functional particles, one or more hydrophobic particles, one or more absorbent materials, one or more quasi-crystalline materials, one or more semi-crystalline containing materials, one or more two-phase materials, one or more three-phase materials, one or more than three-phase multi-phase materials, one or more immiscible materials, one or more miscible materials, one or more surfactants, and/or one or more volatile fluids; and/or the composition comprises at least a first solvent.

In some embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 20% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 30% of the weight fraction of the composition, in some embodiments the weight fraction of the first operating material comprises at least 50% of the weight fraction of the composition.

In some embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the composition further comprises a first solvent.

In some embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the composition further comprises at least one reaction promoter. Examples of suitable compounds that may be used as reaction promoters include one or more compounds selected from the following group of compounds, the group of compounds comprising: n-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis-gamma-trimethoxysilylpropylamine, N-phenyl-gamma-amino-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, triamino-functional trimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, methacryloxy-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, methylamino-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma- (methacryloxy) propyldimethoxysilane, beta- (methacryloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (methacryloxy) ethyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) propyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethylmethyldimethoxysilane, isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, isocyanatopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, beta-cyanoethyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyltrimethoxysilane and N-ethyl-3-trimethoxysilane-2-methylpropylamine.

According to a fifth aspect of the inventive subject matter, there is provided an article comprising a composition (or compositions) according to the first aspect of the inventive subject matter. In some embodiments according to the fifth aspect of the present subject matter, there is provided an article consisting of (or consisting essentially of) the composition (or compositions) according to the first aspect of the present subject matter. Representative examples of articles that fall within the scope of the fifth aspect of the inventive subject matter include tapes, threads, pieces, or small pieces.

In aspects provided by the inventive subject matter, structures are provided that include one or more lattice structure/handle material regions, each of which includes a composition comprising at least one lattice structure (as described herein) and at least one handle material (as described herein), which can be [1] provided by applying any of the compositions to a variety of substrates, [2] can be used to prepare any of a variety of structures, and/or [3] can be used to prepare substructures that can be attached to a substrate to prepare any of a variety of structures (e.g., laminate structures).

In many cases, the adhesion (adhesion) between the lattice structure/handle material region according to the inventive subject matter and the substrate is so strong that it is nearly impossible to remove the lattice structure/handle material region from the substrate without damaging the substrate.

According to a sixth aspect of the inventive subject matter, there is provided a structure comprising [1] at least a first substrate (described herein), [2] at least a first lattice structure/working material region (including at least one lattice structure described herein and at least one working material described herein), and [3] at least a first additional region (described herein) located between the first substrate and the first lattice structure/working material region, and a method of making the structure. In some embodiments of this aspect, the at least one additional region makes it easier to remove the first lattice structure/operative material region from the first substrate, if and when it is necessary or desirable to do so.

According to a seventh aspect of the inventive subject matter, there is provided a structure comprising at least a first lattice structure/working material region (comprising at least one lattice structure as described herein and at least one working material as described herein) and a method of making the structure.

According to an eighth aspect of the inventive subject matter, there is provided a structure comprising [1] at least a first lattice structure/operative material region (including at least one lattice structure as described herein and at least one operative material as described herein) and [2] at least a first additional region (as described herein), and a method of making the structure.

In some aspects of the inventive subject matter, at least one of the at least first "additional regions" may be an interface region (interface region), i.e., such a structure may include at least one lattice structure/operative material region and at least one interface region. In some aspects, the interface region may be in the form of a layer, for example, such a structure may include at least a first lattice structure/region of operative material and at least one interface region in the form of a layer overlying the first lattice structure/region of operative material.

A structure comprising at least one region of lattice structure/handle material and at least one additional region may be tuned for adhesion strength between the at least one region of lattice structure/handle material and a substrate (or substrates) by selecting the chemistry, size and/or location of the at least one additional region. It is understood herein that the substrate may be any element to which it is desirable to apply or attach one or more lattice structures/regions of working material in accordance with the inventive subject matter, and representative examples of substrates include, for example, windows, lenses, automotive windshields, aircraft windshields, sensors, biomedical devices, lenses, molds, transfer films, industrial tapes, labels, mold cut structures, double-sided tapes, silicone foams, rubber tapes, tooling liners to facilitate handling of jumbo reels, heat-sensitive transfer or non-solvent cast liners, non-stick laboratory and medical devices, large and small appliance bodies and work surfaces, wind turbines, electrical wires, building drip edges, fishing lines, aircraft wings, and the like. By using one or more additional regions in accordance with the present subject matter, direct contact between the lattice structure/operative material region and the substrate may be reduced, minimized, or eliminated, and alternatively, at least a first portion of the one or more additional regions (e.g., interface regions) may be in direct contact with the lattice structure/operative region and at least a second portion of the interface regions may be in direct contact with the substrate.

In this specification, the (or each) additional region (e.g. interface region) may comprise any number of materials (i.e. one or more materials) and may comprise any number of regions (i.e. one or more regions each comprising one or more materials) (e.g. an additional region may comprise a first layer of a first material having a first surface in direct contact with the lattice structure/operative material region and a second layer of a second material having a second surface in direct contact with a first surface of the second layer and a second surface in direct contact with the substrate (s)).

For various reasons, for example, if it is desired to replace a lattice structure/operative material region on a substrate, i.e., to replace a first lattice structure/operative material region with a second lattice structure/operative material region having different properties than the first lattice structure/operative material region, or to replace the original lattice structure/operative material region with a new lattice structure/operative material region having the same or similar properties as the original lattice structure/operative material region, since the properties of some surfaces of the first lattice structure/operative material region have changed or deteriorated, it may be preferable to adjust the adhesion strength between the lattice structure/operative material region and the substrate. While it may be necessary to replace the lattice structure/handle material region at some point, it is important that the bond be strong enough to avoid any peeling (peel) of the lattice structure/handle material region from the substrate prior to replacement.

Various materials and combinations of materials may be suitably used to prepare additional regions (e.g., interface regions) or to prepare portions of additional regions (e.g., interface regions) in accordance with the inventive subject matter. A representative group of material types that may be suitably employed to prepare additional regions (e.g., interfacial regions) (or one or more portions thereof) in accordance with the inventive subject matter is adhesives.

A representative adhesive type that may suitably be used to prepare the additional region (e.g., the interfacial region) (or one or more portions thereof) in accordance with the inventive subject matter is a pressure sensitive adhesive (also referred to as PSA). Those skilled in the art are familiar with a wide variety of pressure sensitive adhesives, and any such material may be used as desired in accordance with the present subject matter. Well known types of pressure sensitive adhesives include acrylate polymers, rubbers (e.g., natural rubber or synthetic thermoplastic elastomeric silicone rubbers), which are commonly blended with tackifiers to impart permanent tack (grip) at room temperature. Other well known types of pressure sensitive adhesives include rubber/resin formulations (i.e., formulations that combine natural or synthetic rubber with tackifying resins, oils, antioxidants, or other ingredients as desired), acrylic adhesives (which may be solvent-or water-based), which may be prepared by reacting monomers having desired properties that are a basic constituent of the polymer (building block) and are considered "soft" or "hard" and then crosslinking to form the desired polymer type; the amount of hard and soft monomers may be adjusted depending on the desired level of adhesive (polymer) performance), and silicone adhesives (e.g., consisting of silicone polymers that provide adhesion to silicon and other difficult-to-adhere materials). It should be appreciated that the above list is merely representative, and that any suitable material may be used to prepare the additional region (e.g., the interface region).

The additional region (e.g., the interface region) can be formed in any suitable manner, such as by coating the substrate (or at least a portion thereof) with a material that forms a suitable additional region (e.g., the interface region), such as by coating the substrate (or at least a portion thereof) with a pressure sensitive adhesive.

The additional regions (e.g., interfacial regions) can be formed in a variety of other ways, for example, they can be applied to a releasable film or layer and then top-coated with a lattice structure forming coating to form a structure that can be applied later to the substrate(s). For example, a composition useful for forming an additional region may be applied to a composition of a releasable film or a releasable layer, and then a composition useful for forming a lattice structure described herein may be applied only to the additional region.

Those skilled in the art are familiar with a wide variety of releasable films or layers (and materials that can be used to form the same), and any such releasable film or layer can be used in accordance with the present invention. "film" in the expression "releasable film" and "layer" in the expression "releasable layer" do not denote flatness, thinness, area ratio (length divided by thickness, width divided by thickness and/or surface area divided by or thickness), or thickness uniformity, nor do they denote "releasable film" or "releasable layer" covering the entire structure or surface with which it is in direct contact or indirect contact (e.g., on which it is located).

As a representative group of examples, the releasable film or layer may be a pressure sensitive adhesive, which is a non-reactive adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied to bond the adhesive to an adherend. No solvent, water or heat is required to activate the adhesive.

As another representative set of examples, the releasable film or layer can be a selectively soluble adhesive, such as an adhesive that forms a bond upon drying or curing, wherein the bond is dissolvable by a first type of solvent, but not by a second type of solvent. The first type of solvent may be an aromatic solvent, such as xylene or toluene, and the second type of solvent may be a polar solvent, such as water or ethanol.

As another representative set of examples, the releasable film or layer may be a heat sensitive adhesive, wherein the bond weakens when heated to a sufficiently high temperature or cooled to a suitably low temperature.

As another representative set of examples, a releasable film or layer can be electrostatic in nature, forming a bond upon contact with a suitable substrate or other structure, but which can be removed from the substrate or other structure with sufficient force.

The additional region may be formed and then coated on both surfaces thereof (e.g., on opposite sides of the additional region) with a lattice structure forming coating (e.g., a composition useful for forming the lattice structures described herein) or with different lattice structure forming coatings on each surface of the additional region (such that the chemical structure of the lattice structure created on the first surface of the additional region will be different than the chemical structure of the lattice structure created on the second surface of the additional region) to provide a structure for later application to the substrate(s).

The additional regions (e.g., interface regions) described herein may have good resistance to various elements (elements) (e.g., materials and/or conditions in the surrounding environment, e.g., gases and/or fluids and/or environmental conditions (temperature, pressure, etc.)), the operating material, and/or any selected material (e.g., fluid). In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate, the material (or combination of materials) used to prepare the additional region(s) and/or the additional region(s) formed are insoluble in the uncured lattice structure (e.g., the lattice structure formed near or in contact with the additional region (which may itself be in the process of being formed), but still have good mutual adhesion (i.e., the additional region has good adhesion to the lattice structure and the lattice structure has good adhesion to the additional region).

Drawings

Figures 1 and 2 show simulated backbone and detail of HDPE;

FIG. 3 pictorially depicts a linear polymer of closely packed crystals;

FIGS. 4 and 5 show the simulated backbone and detail of LDPE;

FIG. 6 shows the backbone structure of a network polymer with high crosslink density;

FIGS. 7 and 8 show rotated views of a tetrahedral lattice structure (tetrahedral lattice structure) filled with operative material according to the present subject matter, including a tetra-functional core portion (tetra-functional core) and a di-functional elongated portion (di-functional elongated structures);

FIG. 9 illustrates a cubic lattice structure filled with a working material according to the inventive subject matter, including a hexafunctional core portion and a difunctional elongated portion;

fig. 10 schematically illustrates a structure 30 including a first lattice structure/operative material region 31 and a first additional region 32;

fig. 11 schematically illustrates a structure 40 including a first lattice structure/operative material region 41, a first additional region 42 and a first substrate 47;

FIG. 12 schematically illustrates a structure 50 including a first lattice structure/operative material region 51, a first additional region 52, and an disengageable film 57;

fig. 13 schematically illustrates a structure 60 including a first lattice structure/region of operative material 61, a first additional region 62, an disengageable film 67, a second additional region 70, and a second lattice structure/region of operative material 71.

Detailed Description

Where an expression is defined herein in the singular, such a definition is also intended to apply to the plural (and vice versa, i.e., in the plural, such a definition is also intended to apply to the singular). The definition of an expression in one form applies to the same expression in different forms of one or more words.

In some aspects, the inventive subject matter relates to lattice structures, compositions each comprising at least one lattice structure and one or more working materials, compositions each useful for making one or more lattice structures (and/or compositions comprising one or more lattice structures and one or more working materials), structures comprising one or more regions (each said region comprising at least one lattice structure and at least one working material), and methods of making these products. The specification describes herein such lattice structures in terms of their chemical nature. In some aspects of the inventive subject matter, the chemistry of such lattice structures is described in terms of cores and elongated portions that resemble basic components that together build a large chemical structure (i.e., a lattice), the cores resembling nodes, and the elongated portions resembling connectors that extend between the nodes. In some aspects, the lattice structure is thus described in terms of core and elongated portions, and in some aspects, the core and elongated portions are described in terms of representative compounds (core precursor compounds and elongated portions) that can react to produce the lattice structure. Here, the core portions "correspond" to the corresponding core portion precursor compounds and are not identical (indicative) to their respective corresponding core portion precursor compounds, while the elongated portions "correspond" to the corresponding elongated portion precursor compounds and are not identical to their respective corresponding elongated portion precursor compounds. The lattice structure according to the present invention is not limited to the product of a particular reactant. With all of these in mind, the following detailed description defines the subject matter within the various aspects used to describe the subject matter of the present invention in this application.

The expression "bonded" as used herein refers to any type of chemical bonding, including ionic bonding, metallic bonding, van der waals forces, covalent bonding, hydrogen bonding, and the like. The expression "bond" as used herein refers to any bond (ionic, metallic, van der waals, covalent, hydrogen, etc.) between two atoms. Thus, the expression "bond" (and the expression "chemical bond") as used herein refers to a permanent attraction (a permanent attraction) between atoms, ions or molecules that is capable of forming compounds and moieties. Bonds may result from electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (e.g., ionic bonds) or electron sharing (e.g., covalent and metallic bonds). There are strong or primary bonds, such as metallic, covalent or ionic bonds, and weak or secondary bonds, such as dipole-dipole interactions, london dispersion forces and hydrogen bonds.

The expression "directly bonded" (e.g. in the expression "directly bonded to one or more resulting elongated portions") as used herein means that one or more bonds extend from [1] an entity ("first entity", which is an atom or portion) to [2] another entity ("second entity", which is also an atom or portion) directly bonded to the first entity, i.e. that no further intervening atoms are present between the first and second entities. The statement (statement) that a first portion (first party) is "directly bonded" to a second portion means that at least one atom in the first portion is directly bonded to at least one atom in the second portion.

The expression "indirectly bonded" (e.g., a first entity (atom or moiety) "indirectly bonded" to a second entity (atom or moiety) as used herein means that the first entity is not directly bonded to the second entity, but is bonded to the second entity through one or more intervening atoms, i.e., starting from the first entity, the pathway can be traced through atoms and atom-to-atom bonds (atom-to-atom bonds)) to the second entity, each atom-to-atom bond bonding one single atom to another single atom.

The expression "chemical compound" as used herein (and the expression "compound" as used herein) refers to an arrangement of atoms that are each bonded (by ionic, metallic, van der waals, covalent, and/or hydrogen bonds) directly (i.e., without intervening atoms) or indirectly (i.e., through one or more intervening atoms) to each other atom in the chemical compound.

As used herein, the expression "moiety" (e.g., "core" and "elongated moiety") refers to an arrangement of atoms that are each directly (i.e., without intervening atoms) or indirectly (i.e., through one or more intervening atoms) bonded (through ionic, metallic, van der waals, covalent, and/or hydrogen bonds) to each other atom in the moiety. The expression "portion" as used herein consists of some or all of the atoms in a chemical compound and a bond connecting each atom in the portion to one or more other atoms in the portion.

The expression "chemical structure" as used herein refers to the arrangement of atoms and bonds (e.g., ionic bonds, metallic bonds, van der waals forces, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, etc.) in a compound or moiety, i.e., exactly which atom is bonded to which atoms, and how each such bond is.

Thus, "chemical structure" may refer to the arrangement of actual atoms and bonds (i.e., a single particular compound or portion of a compound), or may generally refer to the chemical structure of an arrangement of atoms and bonds having all of the characteristics specified (i.e., any compound or portion of a compound having a particular arrangement of atoms and bonds, such as any ethyl group). For example, "chemical structure" refers to the actual arrangement, and the actual reaction can be described as follows: "two grams of [ a first compound ] are mixed with two grams of [ a second compound ] in a beaker, the second compound chemically reacting with the second compound to form a third compound comprising [1] a moiety corresponding to a moiety in the first compound and [2] a moiety corresponding to a moiety in the second compound. For example, "chemical structure" generally refers to any arrangement of atoms and bonds having all the features specified for that chemical structure, and it can be said that: to form the third compound, an amount of the first compound may be reacted with an amount of the second compound and/or in the presence of one or more other materials. In addition, one may analyze a chemical compound and determine that the chemical compound includes a moiety having a particular chemical structure (i.e., the exact manner in which the chemical compound exists is not known, e.g., whether it results from a reaction involving any of the compounds that make up the entire chemical structure).

Thus, the expression "chemical structure" encompasses both [1] the chemical structure of all atoms (and bonds between these atoms) bonded together, i.e., "chemical compounds" (or "compounds"), and [2] the chemical structure that together constitutes a subset of atoms (and bonds between the subset of atoms) bonded together. For example, a portion that is a part of a compound has a chemical structure, but the entire chemical compound including the portion (of which the portion is a part) has a different overall chemical structure.

The expression "chemical structure in a compound" as used herein may refer to the whole of [1] the compound, or a part of [2] the compound. Thus, a statement herein that a chemical structure is in a compound means that the compound includes that chemical structure and may have an overall chemical structure that is different from that chemical structure (as it contains one or more other atoms and/or bonds).

The expression "chemical structure" as used herein does not necessarily refer to a geometric feature, i.e., even if the chemical structure in a moiety is the same as the chemical structure in a compound, the geometric feature of the chemical structure in the moiety may be different from the geometric feature of the chemical structure in the compound.

The expression "lattice structure" as used herein refers to a three-dimensional arrangement of chemical moieties (including, but not limited to, arrangements in which chemical moieties together make up a somewhat repeating arrangement, such as forming a cubic lattice, a tetrahedral lattice, or any Bravais lattice), each chemical moiety comprising an arrangement of atoms to provide a crystalline, semi-crystalline, and/or quasicrystalline arrangement. For example, in some aspects, the inventive subject matter relates to lattice structures that each include a plurality of core portions and a plurality of elongated portions, wherein some or all of the core portions are bonded (by ionic, metallic, van der waals, covalent, and/or hydrogen bonds) to at least three of the elongated portions, and some or all of the elongated portions are bonded (by ionic, metallic, van der waals, covalent, and/or hydrogen bonds) to at least two of the core portions.

As used herein, the expression "core portion" refers to a portion to which at least three respective (reactive) elongated portions are bonded (by ionic, metallic, van der waals, covalent, and/or hydrogen bonds). The term "core" is not intended to designate any particular atom or chemical characteristic, and does not characterize a moiety in any particular manner, except that the core is selected from the arrangement of atoms characterized as a core in this specification.

The expression "core portion precursor compound" as used herein refers to a compound comprising at least a portion of a core portion, which consists of or includes the same chemical structure as that in the corresponding core portion precursor compound, and/or has atoms rearranged therein. The core precursor compound may comprise one or more additional atoms, and/or lack one or more atoms, and/or one or more atoms thereof may be substituted, as compared to the "corresponding" core.

The expression "plurality of core precursor compounds" as used herein refers to two or more compounds (core precursor compounds) that are the same or different, i.e., "plurality of core precursor compounds" may consist of a plurality of compounds of the same chemical structure or may include any number of compounds of two or more chemical structures.

The expression "elongated portion" as used herein refers to a portion where at least two respective (reactive) core portions are bonded (by ionic, metallic, van der waals, covalent and/or hydrogen bonds). The term "elongated" is not intended to designate any particular atom or chemical feature, and does not characterize a portion in any particular manner, except that the elongated portion is selected from an arrangement of atoms characterized as elongated portions in this specification.

The expression "elongated portion precursor compound" as used herein refers to a compound comprising at least a portion of an elongated portion consisting of, or including, the same chemical structure as in the corresponding elongated portion precursor compound, and/or having atoms rearranged therein. The sliver precursor compound may comprise one or more additional atoms, and/or lack one or more atoms, and/or one or more atoms thereof may be substituted, as compared to the "corresponding" sliver.

The expression "plurality of elongated portion precursor compounds" as used herein refers to two or more compounds (elongated portion precursor compounds) that are the same or different, i.e. "plurality of elongated portion precursor compounds" may consist of a plurality of compounds of the same chemical structure or may comprise any number of compounds of two or more chemical structures.

The expression "functional moiety" as used herein (with respect to the core precursor compound or the elongated portion precursor compound) refers to a moiety (or functional group) in a plurality of portions recognized or classified as a bonded atomic group in accordance with its well-known meaning. In particular, the expression "functional moiety" as used herein means a moiety (e.g., a portion of a core precursor compound or a portion of an elongated moiety precursor compound) that is known to readily chemically react with one or more particular other functional moieties (or any range of moieties).

As used herein, the expression "bonded-functional moiety" (with respect to the core or the elongated portion) refers to a portion of the functional portion that corresponds to the functional portion, which portion from the functional portion remains in the core or the elongated portion after the reaction between the core precursor compound and the elongated portion precursor compound (i.e., the reaction that causes the atoms in the core precursor compound to begin bonding with the atoms in the elongated portion precursor compound) is complete.

As used herein, the expression "corresponding to" (and related expressions "corresponding to") refers to a comparison between [1] a first chemical structure composed of specific atoms (i.e., compounds or moieties) and [2] a second chemical structure (i.e., moieties). In the second chemical structure, at least a portion of the first chemical structure [ i ] is the same as the entirety of the second chemical structure, or [ ii ] is different from the second chemical structure by removing one or more atoms, and/or adding one or more atoms, and/or rearranging one or more atoms, and/or converting one or more bonds to respectively different bonds (i.e., to double bonds or single bonds). Some or all of the atoms in the second chemical structure may be the same single atom (i.e., the actual atoms) as the atoms in the first chemical structure, or only a similar arrangement of atoms and bonds in the second chemical structure may be in the first chemical structure (i.e., neither the atoms in the first chemical structure nor the second chemical structure are the same single atoms, but some or all of the atoms in the second chemical structure are the same elements, arranged in the same manner, as the elements of at least a portion of the first chemical structure, for example if the second chemical structure is characterized as any ethyl group and the first chemical structure is characterized as any ethane compound).

For example, the atoms in the second chemical structure are the same single actual atoms (arranged in the same manner) as the atoms in the first chemical structure, wherein a "precursor compound" participates in a chemical reaction (actual or theoretical, i.e., the same single atom or the same general arrangement of atoms) that produces a product (or will produce a product), such that the product includes a "product moiety" (which is made up of atoms that were in the precursor compound, "corresponding" to the product moiety, which corresponds to the precursor compound. Further, [1] characterize a precursor compound as "corresponding precursor compound" with respect to the product moiety, and [2] characterize the product moiety as "corresponding product moiety" corresponding to the precursor compound. As noted above, the terms used herein refer to actual chemical structures as well as generic chemical structures, and thus the expressions "precursor" and "product" are used in a practical or generic sense and are used to define chemical structures. This does not mean that the product chemical structure actually has to be generated by a reaction involving the precursor chemical structure. In the example described earlier in this paragraph, since the atoms in the product portion (second chemical structure) are the same (arranged in the same manner) as the atoms in the precursor compound (first chemical structure), the precursor compound also "directly corresponds" to the product portion, and the product portion "directly corresponds" to the precursor compound. Likewise, the [1] said precursor compound may also be characterized with respect to said product moiety as a "directly corresponding precursor compound", and [2] said product moiety may also be characterized with respect to said precursor compound as a "directly corresponding product moiety". That is, a second chemical structure "directly corresponds" to a first chemical structure if the second chemical structure differs from the first chemical structure only by removing one or more atoms from the first chemical structure, and/or converting one or more bonds to a respectively different bond (i.e., to a double or single bond) and/or rearranging atoms. On the other hand, in the case of a liquid,

the precursor compound corresponds "indirectly" to the product moiety if the second chemical structure simply adds one or more atoms to the first chemical structure, and/or replaces one or more atoms in the first chemical structure (preferably, a change other than the "direct" correspondence, i.e., one or more atoms are removed from the first chemical structure, and/or one or more bonds are converted to respectively different bonds (i.e., to a double or single bond) and/or atoms are rearranged). The product moiety corresponds "indirectly" to the precursor compound. The precursor compound can also be characterized relative to the product moiety as an "indirectly corresponding precursor compound," and the product moiety can also be characterized relative to the precursor compound as an "indirectly corresponding product moiety.

As only one example (i.e., having a chemical structure described in a general sense as a result of a theoretical reaction) of an arrangement of atoms and bonds in a second chemical structure in which the second structure is composed of ethyl groups, in a first chemical structure, the second structure corresponds to any of the ethane compounds (since each contains two carbon atoms and five hydrogen atoms bonded in a similar manner). Thus, for example, as used herein, the expression "core corresponds to a compound selected from the group of [ chemical compounds ], meaning that the core as a whole consists of the following chemical structure: [a] the chemical structure is the same as the chemical structure of a portion (or all) of one compound in the set of compounds, or [ b ] the chemical structure is different from the chemical structure of a portion (or all) of one compound in the set of compounds in one or more of the other ways described above. The expression "[ chemical compound ]" corresponding to the core means that the compound [ a ] is identical to the core or [ b ] is otherwise associated with the compound in one or more of the ways described above. The expression "the core portion directly corresponds to a compound selected from [ a group of chemical compounds ]" (and the expression "[ compound ]" corresponds to the core portion) as used herein means that the core portion as a whole is composed of the same chemical structure as that of a part (or all) of one compound in the group of compounds.

Therefore, when the core portion as a whole is composed of a chemical structure identical to that of a part (or all) of one of the compounds in the group of compounds, the expression "the core portion directly corresponds to a compound selected from [ a group of chemical compounds ].

According to the terminology used in the present specification, a plurality of compounds (including a plurality of core precursor compounds and a plurality of elongated portion precursor compounds) may be reacted to form a lattice structure including [1] a plurality of product core portions corresponding to each one of the core precursor compounds and [2] a plurality of product elongated portions corresponding to each one of the elongated portion precursor compounds. Therefore, in the present specification, the "corresponding product core portion" (for the core portion precursor compound) means a core portion [1] directly corresponding to the core portion precursor compound or indirectly corresponding to the core portion precursor compound, and [2] included in the lattice structure. Similarly, the product core portion of the "corresponding core portion precursor compound" is a core portion, and the core portion [1] directly corresponds to the core portion precursor compound or indirectly corresponds to the core portion precursor compound, and [2] is contained in the lattice structure. Thus, in many cases, the product core is different from its "directly corresponding" core precursor compound, i.e., the core precursor compound that "directly corresponds" to it differs due to the absence (e.g., removal by chemical reaction) of conversion of one or more atoms and/or one or more double bonds to one or more corresponding single bonds and/or one or more triple bonds to one or more corresponding double bonds and direct bonding to one or more product elongated moieties. Thus, in some cases, the product core is composed of some or all of the atoms in its corresponding core precursor compound and the product elongated is composed of some or all of the atoms in its corresponding elongated precursor compound.

Likewise, a "corresponding core precursor compound" with respect to a product core refers to a core precursor compound (e.g., which includes some or all of the atoms in the product core) to which the product core corresponds (including in the lattice structure). Similarly, "core precursor compound corresponding to the product core portion" refers to a core precursor compound corresponding to the product core portion (included in the lattice structure).

The definitions in the four paragraphs above apply analogously to the elongated portion precursor compounds and to the product elongated portion (i.e. the first four paragraphs, each occurrence of a "core" is replaced by an "elongation", and also apply in this specification).

According to the terminology used in the present specification, a plurality of compounds (including a plurality of core portion precursor compounds and a plurality of elongated portion precursor compounds) may be reacted to form a lattice structure including [1] (each) a plurality of core portions corresponding to the core portion precursor compounds and [2] (each) a plurality of elongated portions corresponding to the elongated portion precursor compounds.

For example, in some cases, the plurality of actual core precursor compounds and the plurality of actual elongated portion precursor compounds react with each other through a condensation reaction (i.e., each reaction proceeds in a step-wise fashion to produce a product, generally in equilibrium and free of water, ammonia, ethanol, acetic acid, or other such substances (species), and generally under acidic or basic conditions and/or in the presence of a catalyst):

[A] the difference between each core precursor compound and its corresponding core is the removal of hydrogen atoms from the core precursor compound (i.e., one hydrogen atom per elongated moiety bonded thereto by reaction), the difference between each elongated precursor compound and its corresponding elongated moiety is the removal of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms from the elongated precursor compound (i.e., one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom per core moiety bonded thereto by reaction), or

[B] The difference between each core precursor compound and its corresponding core is the removal of hydrogen and oxygen atoms from the core precursor compound (i.e., one hydrogen and one oxygen atom per elongated moiety bonded thereto by reaction), and the difference between each elongated moiety precursor compound and its corresponding elongated moiety is the removal of hydrogen atoms from the elongated moiety precursor compound (i.e., one hydrogen atom per core moiety bonded thereto by reaction).

In some cases, the plurality of actual core precursor compounds and the plurality of actual elongated moiety precursor compounds react with each other (i.e., two or more molecules combine to form one larger molecule (adduct) and involve compounds having multiple bonds, such as molecules having a carbon-carbon double bond (alkene) or having a triple bond (alkyne), a heterodouble bond (e.g., a carbonyl (C ═ O) or imine (C ═ N) group), through an addition reaction (addition reaction), and such reactions can be electrophilic addition (polar) reactions, nucleophilic addition (polar) reactions, free radical (non-polar) addition reactions, and/or cycloaddition (non-polar) reactions):

[A] the difference between each core precursor compound and its corresponding core is the conversion of one or more bonds in the core precursor compound (i.e., one bond to each elongated moiety that is bonded by reaction) to a less (less) type of bond (e.g., converting a double bond to a single bond or a triple bond to a double bond);

[B] the difference between each of the elongated portion precursor compounds and its corresponding elongated portion is the conversion of one or more bonds in the elongated portion precursor compound (i.e., one bond to each core portion bonded by the reaction) to a less (less) type of bond (e.g., converting a double bond to a single bond or a triple bond to a double bond).

The expression "core precursor compound functional moiety" as used herein refers to a functional moiety in a core precursor compound.

The expression "core-bonded functional moiety" as used herein refers to a chemical structure (in the core moiety) corresponding to the core precursor compound functional moiety of a core precursor compound corresponding to the core moiety.

The expression "extension precursor compound functional moiety" as used herein refers to a functional moiety in an extension precursor compound.

The expression "extension-bonded functional moiety" as used herein refers to the chemical structure of the extension precursor compound functional moiety (in the extension) corresponding to the extension precursor compound corresponding to the extension.

Each functional moiety in the core precursor compound is capable of reacting with each functional moiety in the elongated moiety precursor compound, and for each reaction between [1] the core precursor compound and [2] the elongated moiety precursor compound, a chemical bond (or bonds) is formed between the corresponding core moiety and the corresponding elongated moiety; [a] one or more atoms and/or bonds present in the core precursor compound, and/or [ b ] one or more atoms and/or bonds present in the elongated portion precursor compound, are not included in the product lattice structure (in some cases, the lattice structure may include atoms and/or bonds not in the core precursor compound and the elongated portion precursor compound). In other words, a "lattice structure" does not include the entirety (i.e., all atoms and all bonds) of each of the individual compounds that react to form the lattice structure. The terms "elongated portion" and "core portion" as used in this specification include atoms from their respective precursor compounds (or portions) that remain after actual reaction (or, in a general sense, after theoretical reaction) to form a lattice structure (i.e., in a lattice structure). Similarly, in the expression used herein, for each reaction between [1] the core portion precursor compound and [2] the elongated portion precursor compound, a chemical bond (or bonds) is formed between the corresponding core portion and the corresponding elongated portion; [a] one or more atoms and/or bonds present in the core precursor compound, and/or [ b ] one or more atoms and/or bonds present in the elongated portion precursor compound, are not included in the product lattice structure (and thus are not included in the product core bonding functional portion and/or the product elongated portion bonding functional portion, i.e., "functional portion" and "bonding functional portion" differ in that "functional portion" (in either the core precursor compound or the elongated portion precursor compound) is an active portion, while "bonding functional portion" (in either the core portion or the elongated portion) is a residue (remains) of the functional portion after reaction. That is, it does not mean that the lattice structure is necessarily generated by the actual reaction of a specific compound or moiety.

As used herein, the statement that each of a plurality of moieties "corresponds" to a compound in a chemical group means that each individual moiety corresponds to some composition of the chemical group, i.e., each of the moieties may correspond to the same chemical structure, or any different number of moieties in the plurality may correspond to any of two or more chemical structures, e.g., some of the plurality is a first chemical structure, some of the plurality is a second chemical structure, and some of the plurality is a third chemical structure. For example, the expression "one core precursor compound for each of the plurality of cores" as used herein means that any number of the cores may have the same chemical structure or different chemical structures, and [1] each core corresponds to (as defined above) a respective actual core precursor compound, or [2] each core corresponds to one chemical structure within the scope of the core precursor compounds. Similarly, the expression "one said elongated portion precursor compound for each of said plurality of elongated portions" as used herein means that any number of said elongated portions may have the same chemical structure or different chemical structures, and [1] each elongated portion corresponds to (as defined above) a respective actual elongated portion precursor compound, or [2] each elongated portion corresponds to one chemical structure within the range of said elongated portion precursor compounds.

Thus, as used herein, the statement that "each of the core portions corresponds to a compound selected from the [ group of chemical compounds ], means that each of the core portions may correspond to the same compound, or that a respective number of core portions may correspond to each of two or more chemical structures, e.g., some having a first chemical structure, some having a second chemical structure, and some having a third chemical structure. Similarly, it is also the same, for example, "each of said elongated portions corresponds to a compound selected from [ a group of chemical compounds ].

Thus, the statement as used herein that each of the core precursor compounds is selected from compounds of [ a group of compounds ], means that each core precursor compound can be the same type of compound, or that each number of core precursor compounds can correspond to each of two or more chemical structures. Similarly, it is also the same, for example, "each of said elongated portion precursor compounds corresponds to a compound selected from [ a group of chemical compounds ].

Thus, as used herein, the statement that each of said core portions includes at least one core portion bonding functional portion selected from the group of [ a portion ], means that each of said core portions includes one or more core portion bonding functional portions, and where a core portion includes two or more core portion bonding functional portions, each core portion bonding functional portion may be the same or different, or any number of core portion bonding functional portions may be each different core portion bonding functional portion. Similarly stated, it is also the same, for example, "each of said core precursor compounds comprises at least one core precursor functional moiety selected from [ a group of functional moieties ]," each of said elongated moieties comprises at least one elongated moiety bonding functional moiety selected from [ a group of functional moieties ], "each of said elongated moiety precursor compounds comprises at least one elongated moiety precursor functional moiety selected from [ a group of functional moieties ], and the like.

Thus, the expression "unit defined by the respective atoms of the lattice structure" as used herein means a region [1] located within the lattice structure (described herein) [1] and [2] does not include any atom of the core portion or any atom of the elongated portion. As used herein, the expression "compound of a working material within a cell" (and similar expressions) refers to one or more compounds of a working material in that region within the lattice structure.

The expression "a plurality of process material compounds" as used herein means at least two compounds which respectively select the types of chemical compounds from which the process materials can be selected, and [1] each have the same chemical structure, or [2] can include each of any number of two or more different chemical structures.

As used herein, the expression "process material compound" (e.g., in the expression "providing at least [1] a core precursor compound, [2] an elongated portion precursor compound, and [3] a process material compound to a space" or the expression "removing a composition comprising at least a first lattice structure and a plurality of said process material compounds from said space" or the expression "at least some of said process material compounds are in respective pores of the first lattice structure") [1] has the same chemical structure, or [2] can include each of any number of two or more different chemical structures. For example, the process material compounds all have the same chemical structure, or [2] the process material compounds include a mixture of two parts by weight of a first chemical structure, three parts by weight of a second chemical structure, and five parts by weight of a third chemical structure, and the like.

The expression "one or more process material compounds" refers to a single process material compound or a plurality of process material compounds that may [1] each have the same chemical structure, or [2] may include each of any number of two or more different chemical structures.

The expression "a plurality of process material compounds are in respective pores defined by the lattice structure" as used herein means either [1] each of the plurality of process material compounds is within a respective pore defined by the lattice structure (i.e., each of the plurality of process material compounds is in a different unit), or [2] any number of process material compounds is in at least one unit.

The working material or materials effect the formation of a lattice structure, as is commonly the case in the formation of common crystal lattice structures. In the subject matter of the present invention, at least one of the process materials remains in the crystal structure.

As used herein, the expression "providing [ compounds ] to a space", e.g., the expression "providing at least [1] a core precursor compound, [2] an elongated portion precursor compound, and [3] a handle material compound" to a space "includes any of the following actions (or combinations of actions): by which at least some of the individual compounds may contact each other (and without requiring any degree of agitation, shaking, blending, and/or other action that would increase the uniformity of dispersion of any or all of the other compounds). Representative examples include, but are not limited to, providing (intermittently or continuously or any combination thereof, at any rate, in batches or all at once) individual compounds (all compounds simultaneously, all or a portion of a single compound in any order, individual portions (or batches) and/or any portion of a single compound in any order or simultaneously, etc.) to a vessel, reaction chamber, or the like.

As used herein, the expression "comprises at least a [ specified ] weight fraction" (e.g., in the expression "the weight fraction of the process material comprises at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition") means that the composition comprises at least a specified weight fraction of the specified material (e.g., process material) in the total composition, i.e., at least the specified weight fraction of the composition is the specified material, e.g., the expression "the weight fraction of the process material comprises at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition" means that at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition is the process material.

The expression "contacting" as used in this specification means that a first structure that is "in contact with" a second structure may be in direct contact with the second structure, or may be separated from (i.e., in indirect contact with) the second structure by one or more intervening structures, wherein the first and second structures and the one or more intervening structures each have at least one surface that is in direct contact with another surface selected from the surfaces of the first and second structures, the one or more intervening structures.

The expression "in direct contact" as used in this specification refers to a first structure being in "direct contact" with a second structure, and there being no intervening structure at least at some locations between the first and second structures.

In some aspects, the inventive subject matter relates to a three-dimensional polymer lattice structure (crystalline, semi-crystalline, or quasi-crystalline) that is capable of holding a working material (e.g., at least 20% weight fraction, at least 30% weight fraction, at least 40% weight fraction, at least 50% weight fraction), is capable of holding some of the working material (e.g., at least 70% weight fraction, at least 80% weight fraction, at least 90% weight fraction), for at least a period of time, and preferably for an extended period of time, such as at least one month.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, the lattice elements are substantially covalently bonded and formed in sufficient operative material to allow crystallization into a 3D lattice, as appropriate. Other volatile or non-volatile materials may be present.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, a composition for producing a tetrahedral lattice element includes a tetrafunctional core precursor compound and a difunctional elongated portion precursor compound (and in corresponding aspects, the lattice element includes [1] a plurality of core portions each bonded to four elongated portions, and [2] a plurality of elongated portions each bonded to two core portions.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate, the composition for producing a cubic lattice element includes a sixteen-functional core portion precursor compound and a difunctional elongated portion. The precursor compound (and in corresponding aspects the lattice element includes [1] a plurality of core portions each bonded to six elongated portions, and [2] a plurality of elongated portions each bonded to two core portions.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the composition including the at least one lattice structure and the working material is durable and has properties ranging from rigid to elastomeric, from hydrophilic to lipophobic, from tacky and non-tacky.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate, one or more of the operative materials are compatible with at least the larger lattice elements to cause substantial extension and free movement thereof.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate, the operating material may comprise a volatile or reactive fluid. In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the fluid element may include one or more magnetic materials (e.g., iron or nickel nanoparticles), magnetic monopole-forming materials (e.g., aluminum and chromium), one or more conductive materials, one or more electroactive materials, one or more piezoelectric materials, one or more acoustic materials, one or more collapsible/expandable materials, one or more heat transfer materials, one or more superconducting materials, one or more superfluid materials, one or more optically active materials (e.g., liquid crystals and/or lens-forming materials), one or more hardenable materials, one or more reactive (e.g., surface-active or co-reactive materials), one or more gel-forming materials, one or more adhesive materials, one or more pressure-sensitive materials, one or more adhesive-forming materials, one or more pressure-sensitive adhesives comprising materials (pressure-sensitive adhesive-containing materials), one or more amphoteric materials (amphiphilic materials), one or more amphoteric hydrophobic materials (amphiphilic materials), one or more flammable materials, and/or one or more fire extinguishing materials.

Representative examples of types of working materials include antibiotic materials, drug release materials, therapeutic agents, digestible materials, moisturizing materials, transdermal materials, wound healing materials, artificial skin forming materials, food safety materials, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, mold inhibitors (mold replenisher agents), repellents against insects and other pests (agents from insects and other pests), dyes, nanoparticles (e.g., functionalized and non-functionalized polysilsesquioxanes), pigments, and any combination thereof.

Representative specific examples of materials that may be used as (and/or included in) the working material according to the inventive subject matter include (but are not limited to): volatile and/or non-volatile oils, organic oils, silicone oils, fluorinated oils, organometallic streamsA body, a phthalate (e.g. diisononyl phthalate), a plasticizer, a slip agent, volatile and non-volatile solvents, a lubricant, reactive and/or non-reactive fluids, particles, nanoparticles, pigments, dyes, surfactants, PDMS, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, hydrocarbon oils, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-n-decyl phthalate, di-n-dodecyl phthalate, perfluoropolyether oils from suwei, dajin and dupont, vegetable oils, animal oils, hydrophilic fluids, hygroscopic fluids, polyethylene glycols, low molecular weight polypropylene glycols, fluid biomolecules (or solutions comprising fluid biomolecules), low molecular weight amino acids, polysaccharides, lignin, PTFE, hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and low molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG); other water-absorbing substances (water absorbing species) miscible in water, sodium sulfate (Na)₂SO₄·10H₂O)，NaCl·Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, lauric acid, TME/H₂O (e.g. TME (63%)/H)₂O(37％))，Mn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O (e.g. Mn (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O(4％))，Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O, aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, silver, titanium, zinc, NaNO₃，NaNO₂，NaOH，KNO₃，KOH，NaOH/Na₂CO₃(e.g., NaOH/Na)₂CO₃(7.2%)), NaCl/NaOH (e.g., NaCl (26.8%)/NaOH), NaCl/KCl/LiCl (e.g., NaCl/KCl (32.4%)/LiCl (32.8%)), NaCl/NaNO)₃/Na₂SO₄(e.g., NaCl (5.7%)/NaNO₃(85.5％)/Na₂SO₄)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl/NaNO)₃(5％)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl (5%)/NaNO)₃)，NaCl/KC1/MgCl₂(e.g., NaCl (42.5%)/KC 1 (20.5%)/MgCl₂)，KNO₃/NaNO₃(e.g., KNO)₃(10％)/NaNO₃)),KNO₃KC1 (e.g., KNO)₃/KC1(4.5％)),KNO₃KBr/KC1 (e.g. KNO)₃(ii)/KBr (4.7%)/KC 1 (7.3%)), paraffin 14-carbon, paraffin 15-carbon, paraffin 16-carbon, paraffin 17-carbon, paraffin 18-carbon, paraffin 19-carbon, paraffin 20-carbon, paraffin 21-carbon, paraffin 22-carbon, paraffin 23-carbon, paraffin 24-carbon, paraffin 25-carbon, paraffin 26-carbon, paraffin 27-carbon, paraffin 28-carbon, paraffin 29-carbon, paraffin 30-carbon, paraffin 31-carbon, paraffin 32-carbon, paraffin 33-carbon, paraffin 34-carbon, formic acid, octanoic acid, glycerol, p-lactic acid, methyl palmitate, camphorone, dodecyl bromide, octanoic acid, phenol, heptanone, 1-cyclohexyloctadecane, 4-heptanone, p-toluidine, cyanamide, methyl eicosanoate, 3-heptanedione, 2-heptanedione, hydrocinnamic acid, hexadecanoic acid, α -heptylamine, camphene, o-nitroaniline, 9-heptadecanone, thymol, methyl docosanoate, diphenylamine, p-dichlorobenzene, oxalate, hypophosphorous acid, dichloroo-xylene, β -chloroacetic acid, nitronaphthalene, glyceryl myristate, pimelic acid, α -chloroacetic acid, beeswax, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, p-bromophenol, azobenzene, acrylic acid, dinitrotoluene (2,4), phenylacetic acid, allylthiourea, bromocamphor, tetramethylbenzene, methyl bromobenzoate, α -naphthol, glutaric acid, p-xylylene dichloride, catechol, quinone, acetanilide, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid, styrene, benzamide, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol 600, capric acid, elaidic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tristearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, acetamide, and methyl fumarate.

At higher molecular weights, PPG has some hydrophobicity and is not miscible with water. PPG is a common polymeric element of various silane-terminated oligomers. The perfluoropolyether handle materials used in some embodiments consistent with the inventive subject matter provide excellent performance over a wide range of temperatures and environmental challenges.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, the free nanoparticles may be suspended in the handle material. In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate, a surfactant may be present in one or more of the working materials. In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the working material according to the inventive subject matter can include one or more dyes, one or more pigments, one or more non-functional particles, one or more hydrophobic particles, one or more absorbent materials, one or more quasi-crystalline materials, one or more semi-crystalline containing materials, one or more two-phase materials, one or more three-phase materials, one or more than three-phase multiphase materials, one or more immiscible materials, one or more miscible materials, one or more surfactants, and/or one or more volatile fluids.

As described above, in the lattice structure according to the inventive subject matter, at least some of the core portions are bonded to at least three elongated portions. In some embodiments of lattice structures according to the present subject matter, at least some of the core portions are bonded to four, five, or six elongated portions. In some embodiments of lattice structures according to the present subject matter, at least some of the core portions bond seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more elongated portions. Correspondingly, at least some of the core precursor compounds (in a composition suitable for creating a lattice structure) have at least three functional moieties of the core precursor compounds. In some embodiments of lattice structures according to the inventive subject matter, at least some of the core precursor compounds have at least four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more core precursor compound functionalities.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the at least one core portion may be selected from a metal group, an organometallic group, and a silicone group (or a portion including a metal group, an organometallic group, and a silicone group).

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate, the lattice structure includes one or more nuclei selected from the group consisting of: tubes (tube), tunnels (tunnel), cavities, 2D planar crystals, linear planar polymers, superlattices (i.e., lattices that include lattices in a larger lattice), multiple types of lattices, quasi-crystalline domains, and semi-crystalline domains. Accordingly, in some embodiments of compositions suitable for creating lattice structures, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the at least one core precursor compound in the composition is selected from the group consisting of tubes (tubes), tunnels (channels), cavities, 2D planar crystals, linear planar polymers, superlattices (i.e., lattices that include lattices in larger lattices), multiple types of lattices, quasi-crystalline domains, and semi-crystalline domains.

In some embodiments of compositions suitable for creating lattice structures, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the at least one core precursor compound and/or the at least one elongated moiety precursor compound includes at least one functional moiety selected from the group of compounds consisting of: silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids. Correspondingly, representative examples of core functionalities and/or elongated functionalities include chemical structures corresponding to any such core and/or elongated precursor compound functionalities, i.e., chemical structures corresponding to silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic (meth) groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

Representative examples of materials suitable for use as core precursor compounds according to the inventive subject matter include (but are not limited to): tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane. These compounds are available from Gelest (Morrisville, Pa.) of Muscuville, Pa., USA or Shanghai Kayi Chemical, Shanghai, China. Correspondingly, representative examples of core moieties according to the inventive subject matter include (but are not limited to) moieties corresponding to the following compounds: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the one or more core precursor compounds are suitable substantially dense functional moieties (or moieties) of a high functionality species having a molecular radius of about 10 nanometers or less, about 5 nanometers or less, and most preferably 3 nanometers or less.

As described above, in the lattice structure according to the inventive subject matter, at least some of the elongated portions bond to at least two of the core portions. In some embodiments of lattice structures according to the present subject matter, at least some of the elongated portions are bonded to three or more core portions, four or more core portions, or six or more core portions. Correspondingly, at least some of the precursor compounds of the elongated portions (in a composition suitable for creating a lattice structure) have functional portions of at least two precursor compounds of the elongated portions. In some embodiments of lattice structures according to the present subject matter, at least some of the extension portion precursor compounds have at least three, four, five, six, or more extension portion precursor compound functional portions.

Representative examples of materials suitable for use as the sliver precursor compounds according to the inventive subject matter include (but are not limited to): silane-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, silane-terminated aromatic-based polymers, oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymers, and hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), low molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG), and other water-miscible water-absorbing substances. Correspondingly, representative examples of elongated moieties according to the inventive subject matter include (but are not limited to) moieties corresponding to the following compounds: silane-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, silane-terminated aromatic-based polymers, oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymers, and hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), low molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG), and other water-miscible water-absorbing substances.

At higher molecular weights, PPG has some hydrophobicity and is not miscible with water. PPG is a common polymeric element of various silane-terminated oligomers. The perfluoropolyether handle materials used in some embodiments consistent with the inventive subject matter provide excellent performance over a wide range of temperatures and environmental challenges. The molecular weight of these elongated portions also dictates the hardness or elasticity and chemical properties of the crystal lattice.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate, the one or more elongated portion precursor compounds are linear species having a molecular length of about 5 nanometers or having a molecular length of 10 nanometers or more.

In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate, the lattice structure according to the inventive subject matter has a geometry or topology selected from tetrahedral, cubic, or any bravais, quasicrystalline, or semi-crystalline. In some embodiments according to inventive subject matter, which may or may not include any of the other features described herein, as appropriate, preferred lattice structures according to inventive subject matter have a geometry or topology selected from tetrahedra or cubes.

Fig. 7 and 8 show rotated views of a tetrahedral lattice structure 10 filled with operative material according to the present subject matter, the tetrahedral lattice structure 10 including a tetrafunctional core and a difunctional elongated portion. The large spherical structure 11 represents the operating material filling the cell structure (the unit defined by the core (spheres 12) and the elongated part (rods 13). lines 14 outline the unit cell of the tetrahedral lattice.

Fig. 9 illustrates a cubic lattice structure 20 filled with an operative material according to the present subject matter, including a hexafunctional core portion and a difunctional elongated portion. The large sphere structure 21 represents an operation material filling a cell defined by a lattice structure (a core portion (sphere 22) and an elongated portion (rod 23)).

In many methods of forming organic crystals and many methods of forming inorganic crystals, it is common to use a solvent or combination of solvents to orient (origin) the elements of the crystal and form bonds, whether covalent, ionic, metallic, hydrogen, or Van der waals (Van der wall). These solvents are generally slowly evaporated after crystallization has begun to facilitate further crystallization. After crystallization is complete, the solvent is generally completely removed. In many such cases, crystallization is less likely to occur if there is no solvent or little solvent. As described below, in the present invention, the working material assists, facilitates and/or provides the reaction that generates the lattice structure described herein. In some cases, one or more solvents may be used in addition to the working materials.

In some embodiments of methods of making compositions including lattice structures and process materials according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the above-described methods of forming organic crystals and methods of forming inorganic crystals are employed with the process materials acting as solvents, in concentrations that facilitate crystallization, used in the bonding of the core and elongated elements. In some embodiments of methods of making compositions including lattice structures and working materials according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the concentration of solvent is sufficiently low. A lattice structure is formed in which the working material is completely trapped within the lattice with little or no working material present on any of the external surfaces of the lattice structure.

In some embodiments of methods of making compositions including lattice structures and working materials according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the concentration of the working material ranges from about 30% to about 50% by weight of the entire composition (i.e., the composition used to produce the composition including the lattice structure and the working material). In some embodiments of methods of making compositions including lattice structures and working materials according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, the concentration of the working material is selected taking into account (with the correlation of) the length of the elongated portion or the respective lengths of the plurality of elongated portions. In some embodiments of methods of making compositions including lattice structures and working materials according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, at least some of the elongated portions have a length of about 2500amu, the weight fraction of working material in the composition used to produce the composition including the lattice structure and working material ranges from about 50% to about 60% weight fraction, such that no excess working material is observable on any surface of the resulting lattice structure. In some embodiments of methods of making compositions including lattice structures and working materials according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, a substantial proportion of the elongated members are branched or network polymers, and the weight fraction of working material in the composition used to produce the composition including the lattice structure and working material ranges from about a few percent to about 15 weight fraction.

In some aspects of the inventive subject matter, a lattice structure is provided that is capable of accommodating a large amount of an operative material, and of accommodating a large amount of an operative material without accumulating an excess of operative material at any surface of the lattice structure (e.g., with little or no operative material at any surface of the lattice structure), including lattice structures that are capable of accommodating an amount of operative material that exceeds that accommodated in prior art structures, and/or with a lesser amount of operative material accumulated at the surface of the lattice structure than in prior art structures.

Without being bound by any particular theory, applicants believe that the lattice structure according to the inventive subject matter accommodates a large amount of operative material, and the ability to accumulate a smaller amount of operative material on the surface of the lattice structure results at least in part from the very high (higher than prior art structures) structural integrity of the lattice structure that forms the subject of the present invention. Furthermore, the lattice structure of the inventive subject matter maintains high strength, toughness, and wear resistance of the operative material-containing lattice structure according to the inventive subject matter even when high operative material loadings are achieved, in certain embodiments, nearly equal to or similar to compositions that do not include operative materials (or compositions that include much less operative materials).

In some embodiments of methods of making compositions including lattice structures and working materials according to the inventive subject matter, which may or may not suitably include any of the other features described herein, a lattice structure is provided that includes one or more coatings (on all or a portion of the lattice structure). The coating may include, for example, adhesion promoters, surfactants, surface modifiers and/or monomers to impart useful properties.

The crystalline polymer lattices that comprise the working materials have a wide range of applications, which may be superior to conventional coatings and films in terms of cost and/or performance; they are very advantageous in terms of low adhesion. Anti-fog, anti-fluid and self-cleaning coatings can be made for windows, sensors, biomedical devices and lenses according to the present invention. The significant release properties (release properties) of some embodiments of the invention may be used in molds, transfer films, industrial tapes, labels, mold cut structures, double sided tapes, silicone foams or rubber tapes, tooling liners for handling jumbo reels (heat sensitive transfer or non-solvent cast liners and non-stick labs and medical equipment.

Conventional fluorotrimethoxysilane (fluoro-trimethoxysilanes) (Rf-Si (-O-CH)₃)₃) It is common to require several months at ambient temperature or 30 minutes at 150 degrees celsius to fully wet cure. On the other hand, R-Si (-oxime)₃(R-Si(-oxime)₃) The compounds can moisture cure at ambient temperature in less than 24 hours and can promote the cure of other silanes.

Fig. 10 schematically illustrates a structure 30 including a first lattice structure/operative material region 31 and a first additional region 32. The first lattice structure/operative material region 31 includes at least a first lattice structure (including a plurality of core portions and a plurality of elongated portions) and at least a first operative material. First lattice structure/region of operative material 31 includes a first lattice structure/region of operative material first surface 33 and a first lattice structure/region of operative material second surface 34. The first additional region 32 comprises at least one pressure sensitive adhesive. The first additional region 32 includes a first additional region first surface 35 and a first additional region second surface 36. A first lattice structure/operative material region second surface 34 is located on the first additional region first surface 35.

Fig. 11 schematically illustrates a structure 40 including a first lattice structure/operative material region 41, a first additional region 42, and a first substrate 47. First lattice structure/operative material region 41 includes at least a first lattice structure (including a plurality of core portions and a plurality of elongated portions) and at least a first operative material. First lattice structure/region of operative material 41 includes a first lattice structure/region of operative material first surface 43 and a first lattice structure/region of operative material second surface 44. The first additional region 42 comprises at least one pressure sensitive adhesive. The first additional region 42 includes a first additional region first surface 45 and a first additional region second surface 46. The first substrate 47 includes a first substrate first surface 48 and a first substrate second surface 49. First lattice structure/operative material region second surface 44 is located on first additional region first surface 45 and first additional region second surface 46 is located on first substrate first surface 48.

The first substrate includes at least one element selected from the following group of elements: windows, sensors, biomedical devices, lenses, molds, transfer films, industrial tapes, labels, mold cut structures, double sided tapes, silicone foams, rubber tapes, process liners to facilitate handling of jumbo reels, heat sensitive transfer or non-solvent cast liners, non-stick laboratories and medical equipment, large and small appliance bodies and work surfaces, wind turbines, electrical wires, building drip edges, fishing lines, and aircraft wings.

Fig. 12 schematically illustrates a structure 50 including a first lattice structure/operative material region 51, a first additional region 52, and an disengageable film 57. The first lattice structure/operative material region 51 includes at least a first lattice structure (including a plurality of core portions and a plurality of elongated portions) and at least a first operative material. First lattice structure/region of operative material 51 includes a first lattice structure/region of operative material first surface 53 and a first lattice structure/region of operative material second surface 54. The first additional region 52 includes at least one pressure sensitive adhesive. The first additional region 52 includes a first additional region first surface 55 and a first additional region second surface 56. The first releasable film 57 includes a first releasable film first surface 58 and a first releasable film second surface 59. A first lattice structure/operative material region second surface 54 is located on the first additional region first surface 55 and a first additional region second surface 56 is located on the first releasable film first surface 58.

Fig. 13 schematically illustrates a structure 60 including a first lattice structure/region of operative material 61, a first additional region 62, an disengageable film 67, a second additional region 70, and a second lattice structure/region of operative material 71. First lattice structure/operative material region 61 includes at least a first lattice structure (including a plurality of core portions and a plurality of elongated portions) and at least a first operative material. The first lattice structure/region of operative material 61 includes a first lattice structure/region of operative material first surface 63 and a first lattice structure/region of operative material second surface 64. The first additional region 62 includes at least one pressure sensitive adhesive. The first additional region 62 includes a first additional region first surface 65 and a first additional region second surface 66. The first releasable film 67 includes a first releasable film first surface 68 and a first releasable film second surface 69.

The second additional region 70 includes at least one pressure sensitive adhesive. The second additional region 70 includes a second additional region first surface 72 and a second additional region second surface 73. The second lattice structure/operative material region 71 includes at least a second lattice structure (including a plurality of core portions and a plurality of elongated portions) and at least a second operative material. The second lattice structure/operation material region 71 includes a second lattice structure/operation material region first surface 74 and a second lattice structure/operation material region second surface 75.

The first lattice structure/work material region second surface 64 is located on the first additional region first surface 65, the first additional region second surface 66 is located on the first releasable film first surface 68, the first releasable film second surface 69 is located on the second additional region first surface 72, and the second additional region second surface 73 is located on the second lattice structure/work material region first surface 74.

Examples of the invention

The properties of the lattice surface containing the handle material are affected by the lattice structure and the properties of the handle material.

Example 1

In example 1, a stoichiometric mixture comprising [1]2500 atomic mass units (amu) of silane terminated polypropylene glycol (as the elongated portion precursor compound), [2] tetraethoxysilane (as the core portion precursor compound), and [3] a working material comprising 50% weight fraction of diisononyl phthalate (w/w based on the weight fraction of the total mixture) was formed. A one millimeter thick film on a glass plate was cured at 70 ℃ and 40% RH for 48 hours to form a handle material containing lattice structure composition comprising a lattice structure containing a handle material in its unit of lattice structure. The surface of the composition containing the working material lattice structure is highly repellent to water and ice both before and after wear.

The contact angle (contact angle) of the composition containing the working material lattice structure with water is 85 to 95 degrees, and the slip angle (slip angle) of the composition containing the working material lattice structure with water is 10 to 15 degrees. The Adhesion (addition) of the composition containing the working material lattice structure to ice is 0.5 to 4 KPa. A linear stroke abrasion of 2000 inches was applied to the composition containing the working material lattice structure at a rate of 2 inches per second and a kilogram pressure on a 3000 grit coated belt. The composition containing the working material lattice structure is of course not resistant to organic solvents.

Example 2

In example 2, formation includes [1]]2000 atomic mass units (amu) of silane-terminated perfluoropolyether (as elongated precursor compound) [2]]Tetraethoxysilane (silaetretyltetraoxime) as core precursor compound and [3]A stoichiometric mixture of the working materials comprising 50% weight fraction of 4000 atomic mass units of perfluoropolyether (weight fraction w/w based on the total mixture). The mixture also included a 10% weight fraction oil removal agent (Vertrel) that evaporated during curing^TMMCA plus). A one millimeter thick film on a glass plate was cured at 70 ℃ and 40% RH for 48 hours to form a handle material containing lattice structure composition comprising a lattice structure containing a handle material in its unit of lattice structure. The surface of the composition containing the working material lattice structure is highly repellent to water and ice both before and after wear. The contact angle (contact angle) of the composition containing the operation material lattice structure with water is 100 to 114 degrees, and the contact angle of the composition containing the operation material lattice structure with n-hexadecane is 63 to 68 degrees. The slip angle (slip angle) of the composition containing the working material lattice structure with water is 3 to 5 degrees. The composition containing the working material lattice structure has an adhesion to ice of 0.2 to 4 KPa. A2000 inch linear line of the composition containing the working material lattice structure was run at a speed of 2 inches per second and a kilogram pressure on a 3000 grit coated beltThe process is worn.

Claims

1. A composition, comprising:

at least a first lattice structure; and

a working material comprising at least a first working material;

the first lattice structure includes a plurality of core portions and a plurality of elongated portions;

2. The composition of claim 1,

each of at least 40% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to at least one elongated portion in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 40% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to at least one core portion in the first lattice structure.

3. The composition of claim 1,

each of at least 80% of the plurality of core portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to at least one elongated portion in the first lattice structure;

each of at least 80% of the plurality of elongated portions in the first lattice structure is bonded to at least one core portion in the first lattice structure.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least some of the cores correspond to at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane.

5. The composition of claim 4, wherein at least some of the elongated portions correspond to at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least some of the elongated portions correspond to at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material.

7. The composition as recited in claim 1 wherein the atomic fraction of the moieties selected from the core portion and the elongated portion corresponding to compounds selected from the group of compounds consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane; a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein each of at least some of the cores comprises at least one bonded functional moiety corresponding to at least one moiety selected from the group consisting of silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxies, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein each of at least some of the elongated portions comprises at least one bonded functional portion corresponding to at least one portion selected from the group consisting of silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxies, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

10. The composition as recited in claim 1 wherein at least some of the operative material is located in different cells of the first lattice structure.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first process material comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: volatile and/or non-volatile oils, organic oils, silicone oils, fluorinated oils, organometallic fluids, phthalates (e.g., diisononyl phthalate), plasticizers, slip agents, volatile and non-volatile solvents, lubricants, reactive and/or non-reactive fluids, particles, nanoparticles, pigments, dyes, surfactants, PDMS, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, hydrocarbon oils, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalateDibutyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-n-decyl phthalate, di-n-dodecyl phthalate, perfluoropolyether oils from suwei, dajin and dupont, vegetable oils, animal oils, hydrophilic fluids, hygroscopic fluids, polyethylene glycols, low molecular weight polypropylene glycols, fluid biomolecules (or solutions containing fluid biomolecules), low molecular weight amino acids, polysaccharides, lignin, PTFE, hydrophilic materials, water, sodium sulfate (Na)₂SO₄·10H₂O)，NaCl·Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, lauric acid, TME/H₂O (e.g. TME (63%)/H)₂O(37％))，Mn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O (e.g. Mn (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O(4％))，Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O, aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, silver, titanium, zinc, NaNO₃，NaNO₂，NaOH，KNO₃，KOH，NaOH/Na₂CO₃(e.g., NaOH/Na)₂CO₃(7.2%)), NaCl/NaOH (e.g., NaCl (26.8%)/NaOH), NaCl/KCl/LiCl (e.g., NaCl/KCl (32.4%)/LiCl (32.8%)), NaCl/NaNO)₃/Na₂SO₄(e.g., NaCl (5.7%)/NaNO₃(85.5％)/Na₂SO₄)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl/NaNO)₃(5％)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl (5%)/NaNO)₃)，NaCl/KC1/MgCl₂(e.g., NaCl (42.5%)/KC 1 (20.5%)/MgCl₂)，KNO₃/NaNO₃(e.g., KNO)₃(10％)/NaNO₃)),KNO₃KC1 (e.g., KNO)₃/KC1(4.5％)),KNO₃KBr/KC1 (e.g. KNO)₃(ii)/KBr (4.7%)/KC 1 (7.3%)), paraffin 14-carbon, paraffin 15-carbon, paraffin 16-carbon, paraffin 17-carbon, paraffin 18-carbon, paraffin 19-carbon, paraffin 20-carbon, paraffin 21-carbon, paraffin 22-carbon, paraffin 23-carbon, paraffin 24-carbon, paraffin 25-carbon, paraffin 26-carbon, paraffin 27-carbon, paraffin 28-carbon, paraffin 29-carbon, paraffin 30-carbon, paraffin 31-carbon, paraffin 32-carbon, paraffin 33-carbon, paraffin 34-carbon, formic acid, octanoic acid, glycerol, p-lactic acid, methyl palmitate, and ethyl palmitateEsters, camphorone, dodecylbromide, octanoic acid, phenol, heptanedione, 1-cyclohexyloctadecane, 4-heptanedione, p-toluidine, cyanamide, methyl eicosanoate, 3-heptanedione, 2-heptanedione, hydrocinnamic acid, hexadecanoic acid, α -heptylamine, camphene, o-nitroaniline, 9-heptadecanone, thymol, methyl docosanoate, diphenylamine, p-dichlorobenzene, oxalate, hypophosphorous acid, dichloro-o-xylene, β -chloroacetic acid, nitronaphthalene, glyceryl myristate, pimelic acid, α -chloroacetic acid, beeswax, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, p-bromophenol, azobenzene, acrylic acid, dinitrotoluene (2,4), phenylacetic acid, allylthiourea, bromocamphor, tetramethylbenzene, methyl bromobenzoate, α -naphthol, glutaric acid, p-xylene dichloride, catechol, quinone, acetanilide, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid, styrene, benzamide, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol 600, capric acid, elaidic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tristearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, acetamide, and methyl fumarate.

12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the first process material further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: one or more free nanoparticles, one or more surfactants, one or more dyes, one or more pigments, one or more non-functional particles, one or more hydrophobic particles, one or more absorbent materials, one or more quasi-crystalline materials, one or more semi-crystalline containing materials, one or more two-phase materials, one or more three-phase materials, one or more than three-phase multi-phase materials, one or more immiscible materials, one or more miscible materials, one or more surfactants, and/or one or more volatile fluids.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight fraction of the working material is at least 20% of the weight fraction of the composition.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight fraction of the working material is at least 30% of the weight fraction of the composition.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight fraction of the working material is at least 50% of the weight fraction of the composition.

16. The composition of claim 1,

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least some of the core portions directly correspond to at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane.

18. The composition of claim 17, wherein at least some of the elongated portions directly correspond to at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material.

19. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least some of the elongated portions directly correspond to at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material.

20. The composition as recited in claim 1 wherein the atomic fraction of the moieties selected from the moieties directly corresponding to the core and the elongated moieties of a compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane; a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material.

21. The composition of claim 1, wherein each of at least some of the cores comprises at least one bonded functional moiety that directly corresponds to at least one moiety selected from the group consisting of silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxies, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

22. The composition of claim 1, wherein each of at least some of the elongated portions includes at least one bonded functional portion that directly corresponds to at least one portion selected from the group consisting of, the group of moieties includes silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

23. A composition, comprising:

a plurality of core precursor compounds;

a plurality of elongated portion precursor compounds; and

at least one of the first process material and the second process material,

the first elongated portion precursor compound is selected from the group of compounds consisting of: a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material;

the first process material comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: volatile and/or non-volatile oils, organic oils, silicone oils, fluorinated oils, organometallic fluids, phthalates, plasticizers, slip agents, volatile and non-volatile solvents, lubricants, reactive and/or non-reactive fluids, particles, nanoparticles, pigments, dyes, surfactants, PDMS, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, hydrocarbon oils, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalateDi-n-hexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-n-decyl phthalate, di-n-dodecyl phthalate, perfluoropolyether oils from suwei, dajin and dupont, vegetable oils, animal oils, hydrophilic fluids, hygroscopic fluids, polyethylene glycols, low molecular weight polypropylene glycols, fluid biomolecules, low molecular weight amino acids, polysaccharides, lignin, PTFE, hydrophilic materials, water, sodium sulfate (Na), sodium sulfate (sodium sulfate), and the like₂SO₄·10H₂O)，NaCl·Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, lauric acid, TME/H₂O (e.g. TME (63%)/H)₂O(37％))，Mn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O (e.g. Mn (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O(4％))，Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O, aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, silver, titanium, zinc, NaNO₃，NaNO₂，NaOH，KNO₃，KOH，NaOH/Na₂CO₃(e.g., NaOH/Na)₂CO₃(7.2%)), NaCl/NaOH (e.g., NaCl (26.8%)/NaOH), NaCl/KCl/LiCl (e.g., NaCl/KCl (32.4%)/LiCl (32.8%)), NaCl/NaNO)₃/Na₂SO₄(e.g., NaCl (5.7%)/NaNO₃(85.5％)/Na₂SO₄)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl/NaNO)₃(5％)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl (5%)/NaNO)₃)，NaCl/KC1/MgCl₂(e.g., NaCl (42.5%)/KC 1 (20.5%)/MgCl₂)，KNO₃/NaNO₃(e.g., KNO)₃(10％)/NaNO₃)),KNO₃KC1 (e.g., KNO)₃/KC1(4.5％)),KNO₃KBr/KC1 (e.g. KNO)₃(ii)/KBr (4.7%)/KC 1 (7.3%)), paraffin 14-carbon, paraffin 15-carbon, paraffin 16-carbon, paraffin 17-carbon, paraffin 18-carbon, paraffin 19-carbon, paraffin 20-carbon, paraffin 21-carbon, paraffin 22-carbon, paraffin 23-carbon, paraffin 24-carbon, paraffin 25-carbon, paraffin 26-carbon, paraffin 27-carbon, paraffin 28-carbon, paraffin 29-carbon, paraffin 30-carbon, paraffin 31-carbon, paraffin 32-carbon, paraffin 33-carbon, paraffin 34-carbon, formic acid, octanoic acid, glycerol, p-lactic acid, methyl palmitate, camphorone, dodecyl bromide, octanoic acid, phenol,heptanedione, 1-cyclohexyloctadecane, 4-heptanedione, p-toluidine, cyanamide, methyl eicosanoate, 3-heptanedione, 2-heptanedione, hydrocinnamic acid, hexadecanoic acid, α -heptylamine, camphene, o-nitroaniline, 9-heptadecanone, thymol, methyl behenate, diphenylamine, p-dichlorobenzene, oxalate, hypophosphorous acid, dichloroo-xylene, β -chloroacetic acid, nitronaphthalene, glyceryl myristate, pimelic acid, α -chloroacetic acid, beeswax, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, p-bromophenol, azobenzene, acrylic acid, dinitrotoluene (2,4), phenylacetic acid, allylthiourea, bromocamphor, tetramethylbenzene, methyl bromobenzoate, α -naphthol, glutaric acid, p-xylylene dichloride, catechol, quinone, acetanilide, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid, styrene, benzamide, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol 600, capric acid, elaidic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tristearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, acetamide, and methyl fumarate.

24. The composition according to claim 23, wherein [1] is selected from the group consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, a core precursor compound selected from the group consisting of tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane and [2] the sum of the weight fractions of the elongated precursor compounds selected from the group consisting of selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyethers, selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyethers, selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethanes, selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethanes, silane-terminated hydrocarbyl polymers, silane-terminated aryl polymers, oxime-terminated hydrocarbyl polymers, oxime-terminated aryl polymers and hydrophilic materials is at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition.

25. The composition as recited in claim 23 wherein the first process material further comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: one or more free nanoparticles, one or more surfactants, one or more dyes, one or more pigments, one or more non-functional particles, one or more hydrophobic particles, one or more absorbent materials, one or more quasi-crystalline materials, one or more semi-crystalline containing materials, one or more two-phase materials, one or more three-phase materials, one or more than three-phase multi-phase materials, one or more immiscible materials, one or more miscible materials, one or more surfactants, and/or one or more volatile fluids.

26. The composition as recited in claim 23 wherein the composition includes at least a first solvent.

27. The composition as recited in claim 23 wherein the weight fraction of the first process material is at least 20% of the weight fraction of the composition.

28. The composition as recited in claim 23 wherein the weight fraction of the first process material is at least 30% of the weight fraction of the composition.

29. The composition as recited in claim 23 wherein the weight fraction of the first process material is at least 50% of the weight fraction of the composition.

30. A method, comprising:

each of the plurality of core portions corresponds to a respective one of the core portion precursor compounds;

each of the plurality of elongated portions corresponding to a respective one of the elongated portion precursor compounds;

the first lattice structure defines a plurality of distinct cells.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein at least some of the core precursor compounds are selected from the group of compounds consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein at least some of the elongated portion precursor compounds are selected from the group of compounds consisting of: a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material.

33. The method of claim 30, wherein at least some of the elongated portion precursor compounds are selected from the group of compounds consisting of: a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material.

34. The method of claim 30, wherein an atomic fraction of the portion selected from the core portion and the elongated portion of the compound corresponding to the group of compounds selected from the group of compounds consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane; a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material.

35. The method of claim 30, wherein each of at least some of the core precursor compounds comprises at least one core precursor compound functional moiety selected from the group consisting of silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxies, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein each of at least some of the elongated portion precursor compounds includes at least one elongated portion precursor compound functional portion selected from the group of, the group of moieties includes silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

37. The method of claim 30, wherein each of at least some of the elongated portion precursor compounds includes at least one elongated portion precursor compound functional portion selected from the group of, the group of moieties includes silanes, silanols, oximes, dendrites, polysilsesquioxanes, halogens, compounds having one or more hydrolyzable groups, siloxanes, silicones, compounds having one or more acrylic groups, compounds having one or more methacrylic groups, compounds having one or more vinyl groups, isocyanates, amines, amides, active hydrogens, compounds having one or more hydroxyl groups, compounds having one or more sulfur groups, epoxy resins, organometallics, silicones, sulfides, halides, phosphates, organic alcohols, inorganic alcohols, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

38. The method of claim 30, wherein at least some of the first handle material compound is located in individual pores of the first lattice structure in the composition comprising at least the first lattice structure and a plurality of the handle material compounds.

39. The method of claim 30, wherein the process material compound comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: volatile and/or non-volatileVolatile oils, organic oils, silicone oils, fluorinated oils, organometallic fluids, phthalates (e.g., diisononyl phthalate), plasticizers, slip agents, volatile and non-volatile solvents, lubricants, reactive and/or non-reactive fluids, particles, nanoparticles, pigments, dyes, surfactants, PDMS, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, hydrocarbon oils, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-n-decyl phthalate, di-n-dodecyl phthalate, perfluoropolyether oils from suwei, dajin and dupont, vegetable oils, animal oils, hydrophilic fluids, hygroscopic fluids, polyethylene glycols, low molecular weight polypropylene glycols, fluid biomolecules (or solutions containing fluid biomolecules), Low molecular weight amino acids, polysaccharides, lignin, PTFE, hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and low molecular weight polypropylene glycol (PPG), water, sodium sulfate (Na)₂SO₄·10H₂O)，NaCl·Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, lauric acid, TME/H₂O (e.g. TME (63%)/H)₂O(37％))，Mn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O (e.g. Mn (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O/MnCl₂·4H₂O(4％))，Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O, aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, silver, titanium, zinc, NaNO₃，NaNO₂，NaOH，KNO₃，KOH，NaOH/Na₂CO₃(e.g., NaOH/Na)₂CO₃(7.2%)), NaCl/NaOH (e.g., NaCl (26.8%)/NaOH), NaCl/KCl/LiCl (e.g., NaCl/KCl (32.4%)/LiCl (32.8%)), NaCl/NaNO)₃/Na₂SO₄(e.g., NaCl (5.7%)/NaNO₃(85.5％)/Na₂SO₄)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl/NaNO)₃(5％)，NaCl/NaNO₃(e.g., NaCl (5%)/NaNO)₃)，NaCl/KC1/MgCl₂(e.g., NaCl (42.5%)/KC 1 (20.5%)/MgCl₂)，KNO₃/NaNO₃(e.g., KNO)₃(10％)/NaNO₃)),KNO₃KC1 (e.g., KNO)₃/KC1(4.5％)),KNO₃KBr/KC1 (e.g. KNO)₃(ii)/KBr (4.7%)/KC 1 (7.3%)), paraffin 14-carbon, paraffin 15-carbon, paraffin 16-carbon, paraffin 17-carbon, paraffin 18-carbon, paraffin 19-carbon, paraffin 20-carbon, paraffin 21-carbon, paraffin 22-carbon, paraffin 23-carbon, paraffin 24-carbon, paraffin 25-carbon, paraffin 26-carbon, paraffin 27-carbon, paraffin 28-carbon, paraffin 29-carbon, paraffin 30-carbon, paraffin 31-carbon, paraffin 32-carbon, paraffin 33-carbon, paraffin 34-carbon, formic acid, octanoic acid, glycerol, p-lactic acid, methyl palmitate, camphorone, dodecyl bromide, octanoic acid, phenol, heptanone, 1-cyclohexyloctadecane, 4-heptanone, p-toluidine, cyanamide, methyl eicosanoate, 3-heptanedione, 2-heptanedione, hydrocinnamic acid, hexadecanoic acid, α -heptylamine, camphene, o-nitroaniline, 9-heptadecanone, thymol, methyl docosanoate, diphenylamine, p-dichlorobenzene, oxalate, hypophosphorous acid, dichloroo-xylene, β -chloroacetic acid, nitronaphthalene, glyceryl myristate, pimelic acid, α -chloroacetic acid, beeswax, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, p-bromophenol, azobenzene, acrylic acid, dinitrotoluene (2,4), phenylacetic acid, allylthiourea, bromocamphor, tetramethylbenzene, methyl bromobenzoate, α -naphthol, glutaric acid, p-xylylene dichloride, catechol, quinone, acetanilide, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid, styrene, benzamide, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol 600, capric acid, elaidic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tristearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, acetamide, and methyl fumarate.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein the process material compound further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: one or more free nanoparticles, one or more surfactants, one or more dyes, one or more pigments, one or more non-functional particles, one or more hydrophobic particles, one or more absorbent materials, one or more quasi-crystalline materials, one or more semi-crystalline containing materials, one or more two-phase materials, one or more three-phase materials, one or more than three-phase multi-phase materials, one or more immiscible materials, one or more miscible materials, one or more surfactants, and/or one or more volatile fluids.

41. The method as recited in claim 39 wherein the weight fraction of the handle material compound is at least 20% of the weight fraction of the composition comprising at least the first lattice structure and the plurality of handle material compounds.

42. The method as recited in claim 39 wherein the weight fraction of the handle material compound is at least 30% of the weight fraction of the composition comprising at least the first lattice structure and the plurality of handle material compounds.

43. The method as recited in claim 39 wherein the weight fraction of the handle material compound is at least 50% of the weight fraction of the composition comprising at least the first lattice structure and the plurality of handle material compounds.

44. The method of claim 30,

each of the plurality of nuclei directly corresponds to a respective one of the nucleus precursor compounds;

each of the plurality of elongated portions directly corresponds to a respective one of the elongated portion precursor compounds.

45. The method according to claim 44, wherein an atomic fraction of a portion selected from the portions directly corresponding to the core portion and the elongated portion of a compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane; a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyether, a selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethane, a selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethane, a silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, a silane-terminated aromatic-based polymer, an oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymer, an oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymer, and a hydrophilic material.

46. A composition, comprising:

a plurality of core precursor compounds; and

a plurality of elongated portion precursor compounds;

the first elongated portion precursor compound is selected from the group of compounds consisting of: silane-terminated polyethers (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated polyethers ((fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), oxime-terminated urethanes (fluorinated or non-fluorinated at one or more positions), silane-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, silane-terminated aromatic-based polymers, oxime-terminated hydrocarbon-based polymers, oxime-terminated aromatic-based polymers, and hydrophilic materials.

47. The composition according to claim 46, wherein [1] is selected from the group consisting of: tetrabutoximosilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrachlorosilane, trichlorosilane, tungsten hexachloride, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) ethane and 1,2 bis (triethoxysilane) methane, molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (glutarate), molybdenum (VI) oxide bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedioate), tungsten (VI) phenoxide, methyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, phenyltripropoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, a core precursor compound selected from the group consisting of tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, methyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, phenyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, vinyltris (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl isobutyl ketoxime) silane, methyltris (methyl propyl ketoxime) silane and tetrakis (methyl ethyl ketoxime) silane and [2] the sum of the weight fractions of the elongated precursor compounds selected from the group consisting of selectively fluorinated silane-terminated polyethers, selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated polyethers, selectively fluorinated silane-terminated urethanes, selectively fluorinated oxime-terminated urethanes, silane-terminated hydrocarbyl polymers, silane-terminated aryl polymers, oxime-terminated hydrocarbyl polymers, oxime-terminated aryl polymers and hydrophilic materials is at least 40% of the weight fraction of the composition.

48. The composition as recited in claim 46 wherein the composition comprises at least a first solvent.

49. The composition as recited in claim 46 wherein the weight fraction of the first process material is at least 20% of the weight fraction of the composition.

50. The composition as recited in claim 46 wherein the weight fraction of the first process material is at least 30% of the weight fraction of the composition.

51. The composition as recited in claim 46 wherein the weight fraction of the first process material is at least 50% of the weight fraction of the composition.

52. The composition of claim 23, wherein the composition further comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: n-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis-gamma-trimethoxysilylpropylamine, N-phenyl-gamma-amino-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, triamino-functional trimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, methacryloxy-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, methylamino-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma- (methacryloxy) propyldimethoxysilane, beta- (methacryloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (methacryloxy) ethyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) propyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethylmethyldimethoxysilane, isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, isocyanatopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, beta-cyanoethyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyltrimethoxysilane and N-ethyl-3-trimethoxysilane-2-methylpropylamine.

53. The method of claim 30, further comprising supplying at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of: n-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis-gamma-trimethoxysilylpropylamine, N-phenyl-gamma-amino-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, triamino-functional trimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, methacryloxy-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, methylamino-N-propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma- (methacryloxy) propyldimethoxysilane, beta- (methacryloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (methacryloxy) ethyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) propyltrimethoxysilane, beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethylmethyldimethoxysilane, isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, isocyanatopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, beta-cyanoethyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyltrimethoxysilane and N-ethyl-3-trimethoxysilane-2-methylpropylamine.

54. A structure, comprising:

at least a first lattice structure/region of operative material; and

at least a first additional area;

the first lattice structure/operative material region comprises at least a first lattice structure and at least a first operative material;

the first lattice structure includes a plurality of core portions and a plurality of elongated portions.

55. The structure of claim 54,

56. The structure of claim 54 wherein said first additional region comprises at least one pressure sensitive adhesive.

57. The structure of claim 56,

the first additional region comprises a first additional region first surface and a first additional region second surface;

the first lattice structure/region of operative material comprises a first lattice structure/region of operative material first surface and a first lattice structure/region of operative material second surface;

the first lattice structure/operative material region second surface contacts the first additional region first surface.

58. The structure of claim 54, further comprising at least a first substrate.

59. The structure of claim 58,

the first additional region is an interface region;

the first additional region first surface is in direct contact with the first lattice structure/operative material region;

the first additional region second surface is in direct contact with the first substrate.

60. The structure of claim 59, wherein the first additional region comprises at least one pressure sensitive adhesive.

61. The structure of claim 54, further comprising at least a first membrane.

62. The structure of claim 61,

the first film comprising a first film first surface and a first film second surface,

the structure further comprises at least a second additional region,

the structure further comprises at least a second lattice structure/region of operative material,

the first additional region includes a first additional region first surface and a first additional region second surface,

the first lattice structure/operative material region is in contact with the first additional region first surface,

the first additional region second surface is in direct contact with the first film first surface,

the second additional region comprises a second additional region first surface and a second additional region second surface,

the second additional region first surface is in direct contact with the first film second surface,

the second region of lattice structure/handle material is in direct contact with the second additional region second surface,

the second lattice structure/operative material region comprises at least a second lattice structure and at least a second operative material,

the first lattice structure has a first chemical structure,

the second lattice structure has a second chemical structure, and

the first chemical structure is different from the second chemical structure.

63. The structure of claim 62,

the first additional region includes a first pressure sensitive adhesive having a first pressure sensitive adhesive chemical structure,

the second additional region includes a second pressure sensitive adhesive having a second pressure sensitive adhesive chemical structure,

the first pressure sensitive adhesive chemical structure and the second pressure sensitive adhesive chemical structure are the same.

64. The structure of claim 62,

the first pressure sensitive adhesive chemical structure and the second pressure sensitive adhesive chemical structure are different.

65. The structure of claim 61,

the structure further comprises at least a second additional region,

each of the first lattice structure and the second lattice structure has a first chemical structure.

66. The structure of claim 65,

67. The structure of claim 65,

68. The structure of claim 61, wherein the first film is a releasable film or a releasable layer.

69. The structure of claim 62, wherein the first film is a releasable film or a releasable layer.

70. The structure of claim 63, wherein the first film is a releasable film or a releasable layer.

71. The structure of claim 64, wherein the first film is a releasable film or a releasable layer.

72. The structure of claim 65, wherein the first film is a releasable film or a releasable layer.

73. The structure of claim 66, wherein the first film is a releasable film or a releasable layer.

74. The structure of claim 67, wherein the first film is a releasable film or a releasable layer.